专题01中国艺术皮影戏-2023-2024学年高中英语阅读写作素材之中国传统文化

高中英语阅读写作素材之中国传统文化 中国艺术 皮影戏（素材+语法填空+书面表达） 第一部分 话题素材积累 1．在唐朝（公元618年一公元907年）和宋朝（公元960年－公元1279年）时期，皮影戏在中国许多地方非常流行。皮影戏人偶最初是用纸制成的，后来用驴或牛皮革制成。这就是为什么他们的中文名字是皮影的原因。（汉译英） 2．皮影戏人物的设计遵循了传统的伦理观和审美观。观众可以通过一个人物的脸谱看出他的性格。红色的脸谱代表忠诚，黑色的脸谱代表正直。（汉译英） 3．这些人物都有着大头和小小的身体。男人脸方，前额宽，身材高大强壮；女人脸瘦，嘴小，身材苗条。（汉译英） 4．皮影戏的舞台是一块白布幕，上面投射着平面人偶的影子。皮影戏人偶外形与剪纸相似，不同之处在于它们的关节是用线连接起来的，以便可以自由操作。（汉译英） 5．为了突破只能看到人偶轮廓的限制，皮影戏使用了夸张和重戏剧化的手法。人偶的面孔和服装生动而滑稽有趣。五彩缤纷的颜色、精美的镂刻和流畅的线条使人偶不仅仅是道具，更是艺术品。（汉译英） Words and Expressions ① puppetry  n.木偶戏 ② puppet  n.木偶 ③ donkey  n.驴 ④ loyalty   n.忠诚 ⑤ project  vt.投射；投影 ⑥ joint   n.关节 ⑦ profile   n.面部的侧影；侧面轮廓 ⑧ exaggeration  n.夸张 ⑨ dramatization  n.戏剧化 ⑩ prop  n.道具 ⑪皮影戏  shadow puppetry; shadow play ⑫民间艺术  folk art ⑬正面人物  positive characters 第二部分 话题语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Today I’d like to introduce a kind of traditional Chinese folk art, shadow puppetry, which 6 (call) “yingzixi” or “dengyingxi” too. Mixed with craftsmanship, fine art, opera 7 music, shadow puppetry is considered to be a predecessor (前身) of the movie and has existed in China for a long time. As for 8 origin, shadow puppetry can date back to the Han Dynasty. Once grieving the loss of his beloved wife Li, Emperor Liu Che even ignored the state affairs, which worried his officials quite a lot. So they made a puppet with the image of Li, and 9 (perform) before the Emperor. He was 10 (please) and asked them to spread the art form. But unfortunately, the ancient art 11 （gradual) fell due to the impact of modern audio-visual (视听的) 12 (medium) like television and movies. Both Chinese artists and the government are making every effort 13 (protect) the ancient art form. And it was selected into the world intangible cultural heritage list 14 2011. So, as the constructors of China’s future, we are responsible for 15 (preserve) the precious heritage. 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Shadow play (皮影戏), 16 folk drama active in China for over 2,000 years, is also known 17 “shadow puppet” or “lamp shadow play”, in which people perform stories by using puppet shadows on lighted hide or paperboard. The production procedures (程序) of shadow puppets usually go through the following 18 (step): leather selection, leather making, painting, engraving, color application, sweating and ironing, binding and synthesis. Each step must be 19 (care). Born in the times when there was neither movie nor TV, shadow play has always been on the way of development, 20 (reach) its best days in the Qing Dynasty with it seen all around China. In 2006, shadow play was listed in China’s first national intangible cultural heritage list (非遗目录) Since then, it 21 (win) many awards at home and abroad, which is of positive 22 (important) to the inheritance of shadow play. Shadow play is among the first Chinese drama arts 23 (spread) abroad. Quite a few foreign friends spoke 24 (high) of it—“I love the modeling of shadow puppets because they have a special styling.”, “I fail to understand what people are singing, but I still find it quite interesting.”, and such like that. As for shadow play in our traditional culture, we can’t let the drama left to us be lost 25 let it be handed down. 第三部分 话题写作 26．假如你是李华，你的英国笔友 Brown听说中国有一种戏剧叫皮影戏，感到很好奇，所以发邮件向你询问。请你写一封邮作告知他有关皮影戏的情况。内容包括：1.皮影戏人偶的材质及皮影戏的表演方式；2.文化价值和历史。 注意：1.词数80左右；2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；3.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 参考词汇：皮影戏 shadow play Dear Brown, ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours sincerely, Li Hua 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 参考答案： 1．Shadow puppetry, or shadow play, was very popular in many arts of China during the Tang (618 AD-907 AD) and Song (960 AD-1279 AD) Dynasties. Shadow puppets were first made of paper, later of the leather of donkeys or oxen. That's why their Chinese name is piying. 【详解】考查时态语态，从句和短语。“在唐朝（公元618年一公元907年）和宋朝（公元960年－公元1279年）时期”译为during the Tang (618 AD-907 AD) and Song (960 AD-1279 AD) Dynasties，作时间状语，句子用一般过去时，“皮影戏在中国许多地方非常流行。”译为Shadow puppetry, or shadow play, was very popular in many arts of China；“皮影戏人偶最初是用纸制成的，后来用驴或牛皮革制成。”的主语“皮影戏人偶”译为Shadow puppets，“由……制成”译为be made of，结合主谓一致，故译为Shadow puppets were first made of paper, later of the leather of donkeys or oxen. “这就是为什么他们的中文名字是皮影的原因。”讲述现在的事实用一般现在时，用why引导表语从句，故译为That's why their Chinese name is piying.故翻译为Shadow puppetry, or shadow play, was very popular in many arts of China during the Tang (618 AD-907 AD) and Song (960 AD-1279 AD) Dynasties. Shadow puppets were first made of paper, later of the leather of donkeys or oxen. That's why their Chinese name is piying. 2．The design of the figures follows traditional moral evaluation and aesthetics. Audience can tell a figure’s character by seeing his mask. A red mask represents loyalty and a black mask, uprightness. 【详解】 考查名词、动词、形容词和非谓语动词。句子在介绍一般性的事实，时态宜用一般现在时。第一句的主语“皮影戏人物的设计”可用名词短语the design of the figures，为单数，谓语“遵循”可用动词follows，宾语“传统的伦理观和审美观”可用名词短语traditional moral evaluation and aesthetics。第二句的主语“观众”应用名词audience，“可以”可用情态动词can，“看出人物的性格”可用动词短语tell a figure’s character，“通过他的脸谱”可用介词by和动名词短语seeing his mask搭配，作方式状语。第三句的主语“红色的脸谱”应用名词短语a red mask，为单数，谓语“代表”可用动词represents，宾语“忠诚”可用名词loyalty，“黑色的脸谱代表正直”是承接前面的内容，可用连词and衔接，因“代表”与前面有重复，可省略，可用名词短语a black mask表示“黑色的脸谱”，名词uprightness表示“正直”。故可译为：The design of the figures follows traditional moral evaluation and aesthetics. Audience can tell a figure’s character by seeing his mask. A red mask represents loyalty and a black mask, uprightness. 3．The figures all have a large head and a small body. A man has a square face, a broad forehead and a tall strong body while a woman has a thin face, a small mouth and slim body. 【详解】 考查名词、动词短语、名词短语、连词和时态。根据句意以及句子结构可知，表示“这些人物”为名词The figures；表示“都有着大头和小小的身体”应为动词短语all have a large head and a small body；表示“脸方，前额宽，身材高大强壮”应为名词短语a square face, a broad forehead and a tall strong body；表示“然而”为连词while；表示“脸瘦，嘴小，身材苗条”应为名词短语a thin face, a small mouth and slim body，结合句意可知，该句应为一般现在时。故翻译为：The figures all have a large head and a small body. A man has a square face, a broad forehead and a tall strong body while a woman has a thin face, a small mouth and slim body. 4．The stage for the play is a white cloth on which the shadows of flat puppets are projected. Shadow puppets look similar to paper cuttings except that their joints are connected by thread so that they can be operated freely. 【详解】 考查名词、动词、定语从句、宾语从句和状语从句。句子在介绍一般性的事实，时态宜用一般现在时。第一句主语“皮影戏的舞台”可用名词短语the stage for the play，为单数，“是”用be动词is，表语“一块白布幕”可用名词短语a white cloth；“上面投射着平面人偶的影子”是修饰cloth的成分，可处理为限制性定语从句，用“介词+关系代词”on which引导该从句，从句中主语“平面人偶的影子”可用名词短语the shadows of flat puppets，为复数，谓语“被投射着”可用动词project的被动形式are projected。第二句主语“皮影戏人偶”应用名词短语shadow puppets，为复数，“外形与……相似”可理解为“看起来与……相似”，可用固定短语look similar to，“剪纸”应用名词paper cuttings，“不同之处在于”可理解为“除了……之外”，可用except that，从句中主语“它们的关节”应用名词短语their joints，为复数，“是用……连接起来的”可用动词connect的被动形式are connected by，“线”应用名词thread；“以便可以自由操作”是这样做的目的，可处理为so that引导的目的状语从句，从句中隐藏的主语是“皮影戏人偶”，可用代词they指代，“可以”应用情态动词can，“被操作”可用动词operate的被动形式be operated，“自由（地）”可用副词freely。故可译为：The stage for the play is a white cloth on which the shadows of flat puppets are projected. Shadow puppets look similar to paper cuttings except that their joints are connected by thread so that they can be operated freely. 5．To break the limit that only the profile of puppets can be seen, shadow puppetry uses exaggeration and heavy dramatization. The faces and the costumes of puppets are vivid and humorous. Different colors,the elegant sculpting and smooth lines make puppets not only props but also artworks. 【详解】 考查动词不定式、名词短语、动词短语、形容词。根据句意以及句子结构可知，在第一句中，表示“为了突破只能看到人偶轮廓的限制”应为动词不定式to do作目的状语，可译为To break the limit that only the profile of puppets can be seen；表示“皮影戏”应为名词短语shadow puppetry；表示“使用了夸张和重戏剧化的手法”应为动词短语uses exaggeration and heavy dramatization。在第二句中，表示“人偶的面孔和服装”应为名词短语The faces and the costumes of puppets；表示“生动而滑稽有趣”应为形容词vivid and humorous，作句子的表语成分。在第三句中，表示“五彩缤纷的颜色、精美的镂刻和流畅的线条”应为名词短语Different colors, the elegant sculpting and smooth lines；表示“使人偶不仅仅是道具，更是艺术品”应为动词短语make puppets not only props but also artworks。故翻译为：To break the limit that only the profile of puppets can be seen, shadow puppetry uses exaggeration and heavy dramatization. The faces and the costumes of puppets are vivid and humorous. Different colors,the elegant sculpting and smooth lines make puppets not only props but also artworks. 6．is called 7．and 8．the 9．performed 10．pleased 11．gradually 12．media 13．to protect 14．in 15．preserving 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了中国民间艺术“皮影戏”的历史渊源及其文化蕴涵。 6．考查时态和语态。句意：今天我要介绍一种传统的中国民间艺术，皮影戏，它也被称为“影子戏”或“灯影戏”。动词和主语之间是被动关系，此处描述客观事实，用一般现在时的被动语态。主语which替代先行词shadow puppetry，是单数，主谓一致，故填is called。 7．考查连词。句意：皮影戏集工艺、美术、歌剧和音乐于一体，被认为是电影的前身，在中国已经存在了很长时间。后文music和前文名词是并列关系，应用and连接。故填and。 8．考查冠词。句意：至于皮影戏的起源，可以追溯到汉代。此处特指皮影戏的起源，故用定冠词the限定名词origin。故填the。 9．考查动词时态。句意：于是，他们制作了一个像李的木偶，并在皇帝面前表演。此处讲述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时，谓语动词用过去式。故填performed。 10．考查形容词。句意：他很高兴，并要求他们传播这种艺术形式。根据前文He was可知，此处应用其以ed结尾的形容词作表语，修饰人。故填pleased。 11．考查副词。句意：但不幸的是，由于电视和电影等现代视听媒体的影响，这种古老的艺术逐渐衰落。修饰动词fell用副词。故填gradually。 12．考查名词复数。句意：同上。medium作“传播媒介”讲为可数名词，由其后列举的电视和电影可知，此处指各种现代化的视听传媒，故用复数形式media。故填media。 13．考查非谓语动词。句意：中国艺术家和政府都在尽一切努力保护这一古老的艺术形式。make every effort to do sth“尽一切努力做某事”是固定短语。故填to protect。 14．考查介词。句意：2011年被列入《世界非物质文化遗产名录》。在某年份之前应用介词in。故填in。 15．考查非谓语动词。句意：因此，作为中国未来的建设者，我们有责任保护这些宝贵的遗产。介词for后应用动名词作宾语。故填preserving。 16．a 17．as 18．steps 19．careful 20．reaching 21．has won 22．importance 23．to spread 24．highly 25．and 【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种在中国活跃了2000多年的民间戏剧——皮影戏，包括其制作工序以及存在价值等。 16． 考查冠词。句意：皮影戏是一种在中国活跃了2000多年的民间戏剧，也被称为“影子戏”或“灯影戏”，人们在发光的皮革或纸板上用木偶的影子表演故事。修饰单数可数名词“drama”，表示泛指，用不定冠词修饰。故填a。 17． 考查固定短语。句意：皮影戏是一种在中国活跃了2000多年的民间戏剧，也被称为“影子戏”或“灯影戏”，人们在发光的皮革或纸板上用木偶的影子表演故事。固定短语：be known as，意为“被称作……”，符合句意。故填as。 18． 考查名词的数。句意：皮影戏的制作程序通常要经过以下几个步骤：选皮、制皮、画稿、镂刻、着色、熨平、装订、缀结。根据下文“leather selection, leather making, painting, engraving, color application, sweating and ironing, binding and synthesis.”可知，不止一个步骤，用名词的复数形式。故填steps。 19． 考查形容词。句意：每一步都要小心。分析句子成分可知，空处为形容词担当本句的表语。故填careful。 20． 考查非谓语动词。句意：皮影戏诞生于既没有电影也没有电视的时代，一直在发展，在清代达到了鼎盛时期，在中国各地都能看到它。非谓语动词担当状语，主句主语“shadow play”和动词“reach”之间存在主动关系，用现在分词形式。故填reaching。 21． 考查时态。句意：2006年，皮影戏被列入中国第一批国家级非物质文化遗产名录。这里为本句谓语动词，根据时间状语“Since then”可知，本句时态为现在完成时；主语为“it”，单数，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填has won。 22． 考查名词。句意：此后在国内外多次获奖，对皮影戏的传承具有积极的意义。分析句子成分可知，空处为名词形式，构成“be of+名词”结构。故填importance。 23． 考查非谓语动词。句意：皮影戏是最早传播到国外的中国戏剧艺术之一。这里为非谓语动词担当后置定语，由于被修饰词“Chinese drama arts”前有“the first”修饰，用动词不定式形式。故填to spread。 24． 考查固定搭配。句意：不少外国朋友对它评价很高——“我喜欢皮影的造型，因为它们有一种特殊的风格。”固定搭配：speak highly of，意为“对……评价很高”，符合句意。故填highly。 25． 考查连词。句意：对于我们传统文化中的皮影戏，我们不能让留给我们的戏剧永远消失，让它流传下去。空前“let the drama left to us be lost”和空后“let it be handed down”之间为并列关系，用and连接。故填and。 26．Dear Brown, I’m glad to learn from your last email that you have a great passion on a Chinese drama form-shadow play. Here is what I know about it. Shadow play is an ancient form of storytelling and entertainment in which puppets-mostly made of the leather of donkeys or oxen-are controlled by artists behind a white cloth with threads and the shadows of the puppets are projected on the white cloth through the light. It plays an important role in the invention and development of the modern movies. Looking forward to your coming to China to enjoy the ancient treasure yourself. Yours sincerely, Li Hua 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生给英国笔友Brown写一封邮件，告知他有关皮影戏的情况。 【详解】1.词汇积累 高兴的：glad→delighted 热情：passion→enthusiasm 娱乐：entertainment→recreation 重要的：important→significant 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：Looking forward to your coming to China to enjoy the ancient treasure yourself. 拓展句：Looking forward to your coming to China, where you can enjoy the ancient treasure yourself. 【点睛】[高分句型1] I’m glad to learn from your last email that you have a great passion on a Chinese drama form-shadow play. (运用了that引导的宾语从句) [高分句型2] Shadow play is an ancient form of storytelling and entertainment in which puppets-mostly made of the leather of donkeys or oxen-are controlled by artists behind a white cloth with threads and the shadows of the puppets are projected on the white cloth through the light. (运用了“介词+which”引导的限制性定语从句) 答案第1页，共2页 答案第1页，共2页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$