专题01中国艺术京剧-2023-2024学年高中英语阅读写作素材之中国传统文化

高中英语阅读写作素材之中国传统文化 中国艺术 京剧(素材+语法填空+书面表达) 第一部分 话题素材积累 1．2010年，京剧被联合国教科文组织列入世界非物质文化遗产名录，是享有200多年历史的国宝。其主要腔调分别来源于安徽的西皮和湖北的二黄。(汉译英) 2．几百年来，京剧的角色被简化为今天的“生、旦、净、丑”，即京剧中的四大角色。(汉译英) 3．京剧主要通过融合四种艺术手段来搬演剧本和塑造人物：唱念做打。唱是通过各种腔调来增强艺术的感染力。念是对唱的补充，充满了音乐感和节奏感。做是一种需要高超技巧的身体动作。打是中国传统武术与舞蹈的结合和转化。(汉译英) 4．中国有许多著名的京剧表演大师。其中，著名旦角有四位——梅兰芳、程砚秋、尚小云、荀慧生——他们蜚声海内外。(汉译英) 5．今天，京剧被视为中国的文化瑰宝之一，并已传播到其他国家。它是中国传统文化走向世界的桥梁。(汉译英) Words and Expressions ① respectively  adv.分别地 ② simplify  vt.简化 ③ infuse  vt.使具有;注入 ④ martial arts  武术 ⑤ intensify  vt.加强;增强 ⑥sensation  n.感觉;感知 ⑦ complement   n.补充 ⑧ combat   n.战斗;搏斗 ⑨京剧   Beijing opera ⑩京剧流派  schools of Beijing opera ⑪刀马旦   young female warriors ⑫青衣   main female roles; Tsing Yi ⑬世界非物质文化遗产名录  the World Intangible Cultural Heritage List 第二部分 话题语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 As the story goes, Emperor Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty (1636 AD-1912 AD) became 6 (interest) in the local drama during his inspection of the Southern China in disguise (伪装)．To celebrate his 80th birthday in 1790, he 7 (order) opera groups from different 8 (area) of China to perform for him in Beijing. After the celebration, four famous groups from Anhui province were asked to stay,for audiences were particularly satisfied 9 their beautiful melodies (旋律)，colorful costumes and interesting facial makeup. 10 (gradual) it replaced Kunqu opera, which had been popular in the palace and among the upper ranks in Beijing. Later, some groups from Hubei province came to Beijing 11 often performed together with the Anhui groups. The two types of singing blended on 12 same stage and gave birth to a new type 13 was known as Beijing opera. Beijing opera absorbed various elements of its forerunners, such as singing, dancing and acrobatics (杂技),and adapted 14 (it) in language and style of singing to cater to Beijing audiences. With time 15 (go) by, it spread all over the country, becoming the most popular drama in China. Furthermore, Beijing opera has influenced Chinese drama greatly. 二、阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Peking Opera, also known as jingju in Chinese, 16 (list) as an Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity by UNESCO in 2010. Peking Opera is a purely Chinese opera form 17 (date) back to 1790, when the famous Four Opera Troupes first came to Beijing and it began to 18 (formal) take shape in about 1840. A popular Chinese saying sums up the strict training required for Peking Opera: “One minute of 19 (perform) requires 10 years of practice”. The highly stylized ancient Chinese art form, 20 a history of more than 200 years, 21 (combine) music, dance, drama, and martial arts. “Many teenagers are 22 (familiar) with pop music, movies and computer games than the students at the Beijing Opera Art’s College, who practice 23 ancient art form every day and will grow into professional performers. They will keep traditional Chinese operas alive,” says Wang Guo, a Peking Opera teacher. Wang was also trained at the Beijing Opera Art’s College and then furthered her study at the National Academy of Chinese Theatre Arts, 24 she graduated from in 2020.“It takes so long to train and it is difficult to achieve fame, but 25 (know) that we are keeping a unique tradition alive is what drives us,” she says. 第三部分 话题写作 26．假定你是李华，想邀请在中国留学的英国好友Peter观看京剧表演，但Peter不在家。请你给他写一封电子邮件，内容包括：1.你到Peter家的目的；2.介绍京剧；3.询问什么时候方便，再约时间观看。 注意：1.词数80左右；2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；3.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 参考词汇：精华 quintessence Dear Peter, __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 参考答案： 1．Included on UNESCO’s World Intangible Cultural Heritage List in 2010, Beijing opera of China is a national treasure with a history of over 200 years. Its main tones originated from Xipi and Erhuang in Anhui and Hubei respectively. 【详解】 考查动词（短语）、名词（短语）、形容词、副词和非谓语动词。第一句中可将“2010年，被联合国教科文组织列入世界非物质文化遗产名录”处理为对“京剧”进行补充说明的状语，“被列入”可用动词include的过去分词形式表示被动意义，“联合国教科文组织（的）世界非物质文化遗产名录”应用名词短语UNESCO’s World Intangible Cultural Heritage List，用介词on表示“在（名单）上”，“（在）2010年”应用介词短语in 2010；主语“京剧”可用名词短语Beijing opera of China，为单数，系动词“是”用be动词，因此处介绍一般性的事实，时态用一般现在时，be动词应用is，表语“（一件）国宝”可用名词短语a national treasure，其定语“有200多年历史的”可用介词短语with a history of over 200 years。第二句主语“其主要腔调”可用名词短语its main tones，谓语“来源于”可用动词短语originate from，因此处描述过去发生的事情，时态用一般过去时，originate应用过去式，其宾语“安徽的西皮和湖北的二黄”应用名词短语Xipi and Erhuang in Anhui and Hubei，状语“分别”可用副词respectively。故翻译为Included on UNESCO’s World Intangible Cultural Heritage List in 2010, Beijing opera of China is a national treasure with a history of over 200 years. Its main tones originated from Xipi and Erhuang in Anhui and Hubei respectively. 2．Over the past hundreds of years, the roles of Beijing opera have been simplified to today’s Sheng, Dan, Jing and Chou, known as the four major roles in Beijing opera. 【详解】考查时态语态以及非谓语。几百年来的英文是Over the past hundreds of years，京剧的角色的英文是the roles of Beijing opera，被简化为的英文是have been simplified to，生、旦、净、丑的英文是Sheng, Dan, Jing, and Chou，也就是直接使用汉语拼音即可，四大角色的英文是the four major roles。“几百年来”表示从过去到现在的长时间跨度，翻译为Over the past hundreds of years，这是一个时间状语，说明句子应该使用现在完成时。“京剧的角色”是句子的主语，并且使用了被动语态have been simplified to，表明角色是被简化的对象，而不是主动进行简化的动作。“今天的‘生、旦、净、丑’”作为宾语，并且使用了引号来强调这是特定的术语或名称。“即京剧中的四大角色”是对前面提到的“生、旦、净、丑”进行解释和说明的同位语，翻译为 “known as the four major roles in Beijing opera”过去分词作定语，进一步明确了这些角色在京剧中的地位和意义。故可翻译为Over the past hundreds of years, the roles of Beijing opera have been simplified to today’s Sheng, Dan, Jing and Chou, known as the four major roles in Beijing opera. 3．Beijing opera presents dramatic plays and figures mainly by infusing four artistic methods:singing, dialogue, dancing and martial arts. Singing is used to intensify the appeal of the art by all kinds of tones. Dialogue, which is full of musical and rhythm sensations, is the complement of singing. Dancing refers to the body movements requiring high performing skills. Martial arts are the combination and transformation of traditional Chinese combat exercises and dances. 【详解】考查时态语态和短语。根据句意和语境可知，用一般现在时，“京剧”译为Beijing opera，“搬演剧本和塑造人物”可理解“呈现戏剧和人物”，译为present dramatic plays and figures，主语是第三人称单数，谓语动词用单数，“主要通过融合四种艺术手段：唱念做打”译为mainly by infusing four artistic methods:singing, dialogue, dancing and martial arts. ；“唱”译为singing，“是通过各种腔调来增强艺术的感染力”可理解为“被用来通过各种色调来加强艺术的感染力”，译为be used to intensify the appeal of the art by all kinds of tones，结合主谓一致用单数；“念”译为dialogue，“充满了音乐感和节奏感”可作为定语，修饰dialogue，从句中作主语，指物，用关系代词which引导定语从句，译为which is full of musical and rhythm sensations，“是对唱的补充”译为be the complement of singing；“做”译为dancing，“是”可译为refer to，“一种需要高超技巧的身体动作”可译为 the body movements requiring high performing skills，“打”译为martial arts，“中国传统武术与舞蹈的结合和转化”可译为the combination and transformation of traditional Chinese combat exercises and dances，结合主谓一致，故答案为Beijing opera presents dramatic plays and figures mainly by infusing four artistic methods:singing, dialogue, dancing and martial arts. Singing is used to intensify the appeal of the art by all kinds of tones. Dialogue, which is full of musical and rhythm sensations, is the complement of singing. Dancing refers to the body movements requiring high performing skills. Martial arts are the combination and transformation of traditional Chinese combat exercises and dances. 4．There are many famous masters in China who are good at performing Beijing opera. Among them, the Four Famous Dans — Mei Lanfang, Cheng Yanqiu, Shang Xiaoyun and Xun Huisheng — are the most well-known at home and abroad. 【详解】 考查短语、时态、there be句型和定语从句。句子陈述客观事实，用一般现在时。第一句中，“（某地）有……”用there be句型；“（在）中国”翻译为介词短语in China；“许多著名的大师”翻译为名词短语many famous masters；“京剧表演”是修饰“大师”的内容，可用限制性定语从句表示，先行词masters在定语从句中作主语，可用关系代词who作引导词，可翻译为who are good at performing Beijing opera。第二句中，“其中”用介词短语among them；“著名旦角有四位”翻译为名词短语the Four Famous Dans；“蜚声海内外”翻译为形容词短语the most well-known at home and abroad。故翻译为There are many famous masters in China who are good at performing Beijing opera. Among them, the Four Famous Dans — Mei Lanfang, Cheng Yanqiu, Shang Xiaoyun and Xun Huisheng — are the most well-known at home and abroad. 5．Today, Beijing opera is regarded as one of the cultural treasures of China and has also spread to other countries. It serves as a bridge through which the traditional Chinese culture is introduced to other parts of the world. 【详解】考查动词固定搭配及从句。京剧的英文是Beijing opera，被视为的英文是is regarded as，用来表示一种普遍接受的观点或评价，中国的文化瑰宝之一的英文是one of the cultural treasures of China，传播到其他国家的英文是 spread to other countries，走向世界的桥梁的英文是 a bridge through which...is introduced to other parts of the world。这个句子比较长，以句号为分界，可以将它翻译成两个英文句子。句子一可以翻译成Today, Beijing opera is regarded as one of the cultural treasures of China and has also spread to other countries. 句子二可以使用定语从句，将“它是一座桥梁”作为主句，将“中国传统文化走向世界”作为从句去修饰桥梁，这时需要使用through which这个介词+关系代词的搭配，句子二可以翻译成It serves as a bridge through which the traditional Chinese culture is introduced to other parts of the world.故这个句子可以翻译为Today, Beijing opera is regarded as one of the cultural treasures of China and has also spread to other countries. It serves as a bridge through which the traditional Chinese culture is introduced to other parts of the world. 6．interested 7．ordered 8．areas 9．with 10．Gradually 11．and 12．the 13．which##that 14．itself 15．going 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了清朝乾隆帝在南方巡视时对当地戏剧产生兴趣。为庆祝其80岁生日，他邀请各地歌剧团体至京演出。安徽团体因受欢迎而留京，其艺术风格逐渐取代昆曲。湖北团体加入后，与安徽团体同台演出，融合出新剧种——京剧。京剧融合多元元素，适应北京观众口味，最终风靡全国，深刻影响中国戏剧。 6．考查形容词。句意：据传说，清朝的乾隆皇帝（公元1636年至1912年）在伪装视察中国南方期间对当地戏剧产生了兴趣。本空作表语，表“感兴趣的”，应填形容词interested，故答案是interested。 7．考查谓语动词的时态和语态。句意：为了庆祝他在1790年的80岁生日，他命令来自中国不同地区的歌剧团体在北京为他表演。根据时间状语“in 1790”，这是一个过去时态的句子，且主语he与谓语动词order之间是主动关系，故答案是ordered。 8．考查名词的数。句意：为了庆祝他在1790年的80岁生日，他命令来自中国不同地区的歌剧团体在北京为他表演。此处需要填入一个名词来表示“来自中国不同地区”，因为后面有复数名词groups，所以前面应该用复数形式的areas，表示“地区”。故答案是areas。 9．考查介词的用法。句意：庆祝活动结束后，四个来自安徽省的著名团体被要求留下，因为观众特别满意他们优美的曲调、多彩的服装和有趣的面部化妆。be satisfied with sth.为固定表达，意为“对某事满意”，根据句意，故答案是with。 10．考查副词的用法。句意：逐渐地，它取代了在宫廷和北京上层社会中流行的昆曲。这里需要用到一个副词来修饰动词replaced，表示“逐渐地”，故答案是Gradually。 11．考查连词的用法。句意：后来，一些来自湖北省的团体来到北京，经常与安徽团体一起表演。这里需要用到一个连词来连接两个句子，表示“和……一起来到北京”，故答案是and。 12．考查冠词的用法。句意：两种类型的歌唱在同一舞台上融合，产生了一种新类型，被称为京剧。形容词same通常与定冠词the连用，表“相同的”，故答案是the。 13．考查关系代词的用法。句意：两种类型的歌唱在同一舞台上融合，产生了一种新类型，这种新类型被称为京剧。这此处为限制性定语从句，先行词为a new type，指物，关系词代替先行词在从句中作主语，故答案是which或that。 14．考查反身代词的用法。句意：京剧吸收了其前身的各种元素，如歌唱、舞蹈和杂技，并调整了自身的语言和歌唱风格，以迎合北京观众的口味。主语 Beijing opera 与adapted的宾语指同一事物，所以用反身代词，故答案是itself。 15．考查非谓语动词的时态。句意：随着时间的流逝，它传播到了全国各地，成为中国最受欢迎的戏剧。此处为with复合结构，time与go by之间为逻辑上的主动关系，故用动词doing形式作宾补，故答案是going。 16．was listed 17．dating 18．formally 19．performance 20．with 21．combines 22．more familiar 23．the 24．which 25．knowing 【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国影响力最大的戏曲剧种——京剧。 16． 考查时态语态。句意：2010年，京剧被联合国教科文组织列为人类非物质文化遗产。这里为本句谓语动词，根据时间状语“in 2010”可知，本句时态为一般过去时；主语为“Peking Opera”，单数，和动词“list”之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。故填was listed。 17． 考查非谓语动词。句意：京剧是一种纯粹的中国戏剧形式，可以追溯到1790年，当时著名的四大剧团首次来到北京，大约在1840年开始正式形成。非谓语动词担当后置定语；被修饰词“Chinese opera form”和动词短语“date back to”之间为主动关系，用现在分词形式。故填dating。 18． 考查副词。句意：京剧是一种纯粹的中国戏剧形式，可以追溯到1790年，当时著名的四大剧团首次来到北京，大约在1840年开始正式形成。修饰动词短语“take shape”用副词形式。故填formally。 19． 考查名词。句意：中国有句俗语概括了京剧的严格训练：“台上一分钟，台下十年功”。分析句子成分可知，空处为介词之后的宾语，用名词形式，表抽象意义，不可数，故填performance。 20． 考查固定短语。句意：这种高度风格化的中国古代艺术形式，有200多年的历史，结合了音乐、舞蹈、戏剧和武术。固定短语：with a history of，意为“拥有……的历史”，符合句意。故填with。 21． 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：这种高度风格化的中国古代艺术形式，有200多年的历史，结合了音乐、舞蹈、戏剧和武术。这里为本句谓语动词，根据上文可知，本句时态为一般现在时；主语为“The highly stylized ancient Chinese art form”，单数，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填combines。 22． 考查比较级。句意：与京剧艺术学院的学生相比，许多青少年更熟悉流行音乐、电影和电脑游戏，而京剧艺术学院的学生每天都在练习这门古老的艺术形式，并将成长为专业表演者。根据下文的“than”可知，空处为形容词比较级。故填more familiar。 23． 考查冠词。句意：与京剧艺术学院的学生相比，许多青少年更熟悉流行音乐、电影和电脑游戏，而京剧艺术学院的学生每天都在练习这门古老的艺术形式，并将成长为专业表演者。修饰名词单数“ancient art form”，表示特指，用定冠词。故填the。 24． 考查定语从句。句意：她还曾在北京戏曲艺术学院接受培训，然后在中国戏剧艺术学院继续深造，并于2020年毕业。这里为定语从句的关系词，先行词为“the National Academy of Chinese Theatre Arts”，在非限制性定语从句中担当宾语，用which引导。故填which。 25． 考查非谓语动词。句意：她说“训练需要很长时间，成名也很困难，但知道我们在保留一项独特的传统是我们的动力。”非谓语动词担当主语，表示主动关系，用动名词形式。故填knowing。 26．Dear Peter, I hope this email finds you well. I visited your home today with the intention of inviting you to a special event. However, since you were not at home, I am writing to extend the invitation via this medium. The event is a performance of Peking Opera, a quintessential form of Chinese traditional art that combines singing, dancing, acting, and acrobatics. It’s not just a performance; it’s a journey through China’s rich cultural heritage. I am confident that you would find it both enriching and enjoyable. I would greatly appreciate it if you could let me know when you are available so that we can schedule a time to attend the performance together. I am sure you will find the experience to be a memorable one. Looking forward to your reply and to sharing this cultural treat with you. Yours, Li Hua 【导语】 本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生给留学生Peter写一封电子邮件来邀请他参加京剧表演，然而Peter并不在家，考生需要添加适当细节，使文章真实自然。 【详解】 1. 词汇积累 精华的、重要的：quintessential→essential/fundamental 遗产：heritage→legacy/tradition 内容丰富的：enriching→enlightening/informative 难忘的：memorable→unforgettable/impressive 2. 句式拓展 同义句转换 原句：I visited your home today with the intention of inviting you to a special event. 拓展句：I visited your home today, intending to invite you to a special event. 【点睛】【高级句型1】The event is a performance of Peking Opera, a quintessential form of Chinese traditional art that combines singing, dancing, acting, and acrobatics.（运用了that引导的定语从句） 【高级句型2】I would greatly appreciate it if you could let me know when you are available so that we can schedule a time to attend the performance together.（运用了if引导的宾语从句，so that引导的结果状语从句） 答案第1页，共2页 答案第1页，共2页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$