谓语动词的时态语态 学案 2025届高考英语一轮复习

谓语动词的时态、语态 一 谓语动词时态的构成和用法 时态 主动语态 被动语态 一般现在时 do/does,(连系动词is/am/are) am/is/are done 一般过去时 did,(连系动词was/were) was/were done 一般将来时 shall/will do is/am/are going to do is/am/are(about)to do shall/will be done is/am/are going to be done is/am/are(about)to be done 现在进行时 is/am/are doing am/is/are being done 过去进行时 was/were doing was/were being done 将来进行时 will be doing 无相应的被动语态 现在完成时 has/have done have/has been done 过去完成时 had done had been done 将来完成时 will have done will have been done 现在完成进行时 has/have been doing 无相应的被动语态 过去完成进行时 had been doing 无相应的被动语态 过去将来时 would/should do was/were going to do was/were(about)to do would/should be done was/were going to be done was/were(about)to be done 一般过去时 结构：一般过去时用动词的过去式构成，其规则动词变化： 情况 规则 例词 一般情况 加­ed pack→packed 以辅音字母加y结尾的动词 变y为i加­ed carry→carried 以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词 （末尾三个发音是辅—元—辅且重读） 双写辅音字母加­ed plan→planned 以不发音的e结尾的动词 直接加­d like→liked provide→provided 注意：1. was用于第一、三人称单数，were用于其他人称。 2. 以元音字母加y结尾的动词，直接加­ed。如play→played。 时间状语: Yesterday, ago以前，in the past在过去，in 1949, long long ago, once upon a time从前，once曾经，last+时间 上一个...，the other day几天前，previously先前，then那时，just now刚刚，when I was five...， at the age of five..... 用法：一般过去时的基本用法：表示过去的事情、动作或状态，常与表示过去的具体时间状语连用(或有上下文语境暗示)； 1. 用于表达过去的习惯。 He worked in my mother’s company last year. 2. 描述几个相继发生的动作，尽管有先后，都用一般过去时，最后两个动作用and连接。 He put on his coat, opened the door and went out. 3. 在时间、条件、方式、让步状语从句中，用一般过去时代替过去将来时，表示过去将来的动作。 He told me that he wouldn’t go back until his mother returned. 易错点： 在一些固定句型中，常用一般过去式，如下列句型： 1. It is (high) time that sb. +动词过去式或should+do. 是时候某人该干某事了 2. would/had rather that sb did sth宁愿某人作某事 3. If only/wish+从句（要是......就好了）用一般过去时表示与现在事实或将来事实相反 It’s time that the government took measures to protect the environment. 【2024新课标II卷】 Two years later, a six-meter-tall pavilion, inspired by The Peony Pavilion, ___61___ (build) at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes’ walk from Shakespeare’s birthplace. 【解析】考查时态和语态。句意：两年后，一座六米高的亭子在菲斯花园落成，该花园距离莎士比亚故居仅十分钟步行路程，其灵感来自《牡丹亭》。这里为本句谓语动词，根据时间状语“Two years later”可知，本句时态为一般过去时；主语为“a six-meter-tall pavilion”，单数，和动词“build”之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。故填was built。 【2024全国甲卷】They 64 (be) part of a 15-member exploring party that had spent almost five awesome weeks in witness of the natural beauties there. 【解析】考查时态。句意：他们是一个由15人组成的探险队的一部分，他们花了近五个星期的时间来见证那里的自然美景。本空前They指代上文提及的四个男人，时间为1870年，同时联系后文had spent的过去完成时可知，本空时态为过去式且为复数形式，故填were。 【2024年北京卷】My heart went out to him, and I ___20___ (jog) over to him. 【解析】考查时态。句意：我很同情他，然后朝他慢跑过去。句中and连接并列句，空处作后句谓语，根据句中went可知，此处描述过去发生的事，句子使用一般过去时，动词使用过去式形式jogged。故填jogged。 【2024年北京卷】On April 5, 2024, John Tinniswood ___15___ (name) the world’s oldest living man. 【解析】考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：2024年4月5日，约翰·廷尼斯伍德被评为世界上在世最长寿的人。根据时间状语On April 5, 2024可知，此处描述过去发生的事，句子应用一般过去时；name与主语John Tinniswood之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，主语John Tinniswood是单数，be动词使用was。故填was named。 (2023年全国Ⅱ卷·65) As a little girl, I ___65___ (wish) to be a zookeeper when I grew up. 【解析】考查一般过去时。句意: 作为一个小女孩，我希望长大后能成为一名动物园管理员。根据前面的时间状语As a little girl 可知,希望长大后能成为一名动物园管理员是过去的动作，故填wished。 (2023年全国乙卷·67) Having visited several times over the last 10 years, I ____67____ (amaze) by the co-existence of old and new, and how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while constantly growing. 【解析】考查一般过去时和主谓一致。句意:在过去的十年里，我参观了几次，我对新旧共存和一个城市如何在不断发展的同时能够保留着这么丰富的遗产感到惊讶。.be amazed by----对-------感到惊讶，故填was amazed。 【2023年北京卷】Soon after moving to Switzerland, I ____11____(throw) a house-warming party and was greatly surprised when all 30 guests showed up exactly on time. 【解析】考查动词时态。句意：搬到瑞士后不久，我要举办一个乔迁派对，当所有30位客人都准时出现时，我感到非常惊讶。根据后文and was greatly surprised when all 30 guests showed up可知，句子陈述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时。故填threw。 一般将来时 结构： will/shall＋动词原形 is/am/are going to＋动词原形 is/am/are about to＋动词原形 is/am/are to＋动词原形 is/am/are due to＋动词原形 某些动词的一般现在时或现在进行时形式 时间状语 Someday, tomorrow, next+时间，表示下一个....如：next year明年，in the future, soon很快，不久，how soon还要多久，in 2050, in the years ahead在未来几年，in+时间段，表示多久以后等。 We shall start to learn another book next week. I’m leaving for Beijing next week. 一般将来时的其他表达方式be going to do, be to do, be about to do的用法及区别： a．be going to do在口语中常用来表示已经决定或安排要做某事、必然或很可能发生某事，也可用来表示自然现象。 ④The shop is going to open on October 1st. 商店将在十月一日开门 Look，dark clouds are gathering.It is going to rain soon，I think. 瞧，乌云正在聚集，我想快要下雨了。 b．be to do表示按计划、安排即将发生的动作，还可表示吩咐、命令、禁止、可能性等。 You are to hand in your papers by 10 o'clock. 到10点你得交上试卷。 c．be about to do表示“即将，正要”，后面不能接时间状语或状语从句。 John was about to close the windows when his attention was caught by a bird. 约翰正要关上窗户，就在这时一只鸟引起了他的注意。 易混点： 1. be going to do表示现在打算在最近或将来要做某事，这种打算往往经过事先考虑，甚至已做了某种准备；shall/will do表示未事先考虑过，即说话时临时做出的决定。be going to do表将来，不能用在含有条件状语从句的主句中；而will do则能，表意愿。 If it is fine，we'll go climbing.[√] If it is fine，we are going to go climbing.[×] --Someone is knocking at the door. --I’ll answer it. 2. am/is/are about to do 一般不接时间状语，但可以用于固定句式was/were about to do +when...表示“正要做某事，突然......”。 He is about to open the door when the telephone rang. 过去将来时 结构： should/would＋动词原形 was/were going to＋动词原形 was/were about to＋动词原形 was/were to＋动词原形 某些动词的过去进行时形式 用法： 1. 从过去某一时间看将要发生的事情。 He said he would be here at eight o'clock. I was about to go to bed when there was a knock at the door. 2. 过去本打算做而未做的事情。 I was going to go to the party, but I suddenly remembered I had homework to do. 易错点：was/were about to do 一般不接时间状语，但可以用于固定句式was/were about to do +when...表示“正要做某事，突然......”。 I was about to leave when a friend dropped in. 1. On July 8th,2023,the Olympic Council of Asia announced that Harbin __would hold_____________ (hold) the 9th Asian Winter Games in 2025. 2. One day, the emperor called all great artists to come and present their finest work, so that he could choose the best. The artist was sure he _would be choosen_____________ (choose) 现在进行时 构成：am/is/are+doing 现在分词构成规则： 规则 例词 一般情况加­ing try→trying 以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词，双写辅音字母加­ing regret→regretting；ban→banning 以不发音的e结尾的动词，去掉e，加­ing hate→hating；date→dating 时间状语：now, at this time , these days ,currently， at the time, nowadays 用法： 1. 表示说话时正进行的动作。 They are playing football. 2. 表示现阶段正进行的动作或发生的事，此时此刻不一定在进行，常用these days,this week等状语连用。 We are making model planes these days. 3. 与always, often, constantly等连用，表达一种强烈的情感色彩，如同情、抱怨、好奇等。 She is always complaining. 她总是抱怨。 易错点：有些动词不用于进行时态，常见的有： 1. 感觉类：look, feel, smell, sound, taste, hear 2. 情感类：like ,love, prefer, admire, hate, fear, adore等。 3. 心态类：hope, wish, want, need, expect, believe, think ,understand, agree, know, remember等。 过去进行时 结构： was/were+doing 用法： 1. 表示过去某个时刻正在进行的动作或某一时间内一直在进行的动作。 时间状语：at this time yesterday, at 8:00am yesterday, from 4:00 -6:00pm yesterday, He was watching TV at this time yesterday. 2. 表示过去两个或两个以上的动作同时发生。 区分 当....时候 when+一般过去时从句 (短暂性动词） While+过去进行时从句 （延续性动词） Eg： 1. I was reading a book when she came in. 2. We were having class while the professor was giving a lecture, so we missed it. (2022年新高考Ⅱ卷·62) Henry ____________ (fix) his car when he heard the screams. 【解析】考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意:亨利听到尖叫声时正在修车。此处为be doing sth when sb did sth句型，意为“正在做某事，这时某人(突然)做某事”，此处描述过去的事情，故填was fixing。 将来进行时 at this time tomorrow 结构： shall/will be+现在分词 用法：表示将来某时刻正在进行的或延续的动作 I will be flying to Shanghai this time tomorrow. 现在完成时 （重中之重） Through the ages(第18题） 结构： have/has＋过去分词 否定：haven’t/hasn’t+过去分词 疑问：Have/has+主语+过去分词 用法： 1. 表示发生在过去的动作或存在的状态持续到现在，还有可能持续下去。 His first novel has received good reviews since it came out last month. 2. 表示过去发生或完成的某个动作对现在造成的影响或产生的结果，强调的是这个影响或结果。 I have already read the book. 时间状语： 1. already 用于肯定句句中，放在have/has后 2. yet 疑问句 句末 表示已经 否定句 句末表示还没有 3. ever 用于肯定句或疑问句 放在have /has后 4. 到目前为止：so far, by now, until now, up to now 5. for+时间段 表示有多久，提问用how long 6. in/ during/ over the last/past few years 在过去的几年间 （few years可以替换成具体的时间段） 7. over the years 近几年 8. recently或lately 近来，近期 9. in recent years近几年，或引申出来in recent studies在近期的研究里 10. 次数，一次：once 两次：twice 三次或三次以上：数字+times 11. since （自从）+ （1）过去的时间 since 1949 （2） 一般过去时从句 （3） 时间段+ago 自从多久以前 12. ever since 自从 13. 固定句型： 1. 在“It/This is/will be the first/second/third ... time＋that从句”中，从句中的谓语动词用现在完成时。 This is the first time that we have seen a film in the cinema together as a family. 这是我们第一次作为一家人在电影院看电影。 2.在“It/This is the best/worst/most＋adj.＋名词＋从句”中，从句中的谓语用现在完成时。 It is the most instructive lecture that I have attended since I came to this school. 易错点：非延续性动词leave， arrive， come， go， return， join， die， buy， borrow等的完成时，在肯定句中不能与for引出的时间段，since＋时间点或how long等状语连用，要转化为相应的延续性动词才能与一段时间连用。 (见专辑06 动词和动词短语的用法)。如： [误]I have borrowed the book for a week. [正]I have kept the book for a week. 1. （2022年浙江卷1月）On a website called No Fly Climate Sci, for example, roughly 200 academics —many of them climate scientists have promised （promise） to fly as little as possible since the effort started two years ago. 2. （2021年浙江卷）It doesn't impress like George Washington's plantation on the Potomac, but Lincoln's home in downtown Springfield, Illinois, has proved （prove）irresistible to visitors since it opened to the public. 3. 【2024浙江1月卷】Over the last two years, some supermarkets 62 (start) selling chicken or salad in packs designed with two halves containing separate portions (份). 【解析】考查现在完成时。句意：在过去的两年里，一些超市开始销售鸡肉或沙拉包装，设计成两半，拆分成两份。根据“Over the last two years”可知，此处应用现在完成时。动词start意为“开始”。故填have started。 【2023年北京卷】Up to now, China ____16____(establish) a number of protected areas with mangroves. 【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：到目前为止，中国已经建立了一些红树林保护区。由Up to now(到目前为止)可知，句子应用现在完成时，主语是China，助动词应用has，故填has established。 .(2022年新高考Ⅰ卷·58) The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that __________________ (be) previously unprotected, bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas. 【解析】考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意:该计划将把保护范围扩大到大量以前未受保护的地区，为大熊猫带来了许多现有的保护区。分析句子成分可知，设空处为定语从句的谓语，先行词为areas，再根据“previously (以前，先前)”可知，动作发生在过去，因此设空处应用一般过去时或现在完成时的复数形式，故填were或have been。 (2022年全国甲卷·67) In the last five years, Cao ____________(walk) through 34 countries in six continents, and in 2016, he reached the top of Kilimanjaro. 【解析】考查动词的时态。句意:在过去的五年里，曹走过了六大洲的34个国家，并于2016年登上了乞力马扎罗山的顶降。由时间状语in the last five years可知，此处应用现在完成时，主语Cao为第三人称单数，故填has walked。 过去完成时 结构： had＋过去分词 否定：hadn’t +过去分词 疑问：had +主语+过去分词 用法： 1. 表示在过去某一时刻或某一动作之前已经完成的动作，时间定位是“过去的过去”。句中一般有明确的表示“过去的过去”的时间状语(从句)，如by, by the end of, by the time, until, when, before等引出的表示过去的时间状语(从句)。但有时需要通过上下文来判断。 By nine o'clock last night, we had finished most of the work. 2. 表示从过去某一时刻开始，一直持续到过去另一时刻的动作或状态，或用在宾语从句(或间接引语)中，这时从句谓语动作发生在主句谓语动作(过去时)之前。 I had been at the bus stop for 30 minutes when a bus finally came. 3. 某些动词用于过去完成时，表示过去未曾实现的想法，意为“本来期望/认为/打算……”。这类动词主要有：expect, hope, plan, suppose, think, intend, mean, want等。 I had meant to help you, but I was too busy at the moment. 时间状语： 4. 常用于过去完成时的固定句型： 1. 在hardly/scarcely ... when ...，no sooner ... than ... 句型结构中，主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时。意思为“一……就……”。 Hardly had I got home when it began to rain. 2. It was＋一段时间＋since从句。since从句用过去完成时。 It was at least three months since I had left Beijing. 3. It was the first/second/ ... time＋(that)从句。从句用过去完成时。 It was the first time that I had chatted online in English. 4. By the time ...起连词的功能，引导从句， (表示过去时间的句子)＋主句(过去完成时)。 By the time he was ten, Tom had built a chemistry lab himself. 【2023年北京卷】I turned up at the appointed hour for a dinner, only to find that no other guest____13____(arrive) and my hostess was still in her sleeping suit. 【解析】考查动词时态。句意：多年以后，搬到法国后，我在约定的时间赴宴，却发现没有其他客人到场，女主人还穿着睡衣。此处表示的动作发生在主句动词turned up之前，属于“过去的过去”，应用过去完成时。故填had arrived。 No. 10 将来完成时 构成： will have＋过去分词 用法：将来完成时用来表示在将来某一时间以前已经完成的动作或一直持续的状态。 经常与before＋将来时间或by＋将来时间连用，也可与before或by the time引导的现在时的从句连用。 We will have finished our project by the end of this month. 练习： The research team hope that, with their newly-developed technology , around 85 percent of paper in Denmark _will have been recycled__________ by the end of this year. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$