Unit 4 Breaking Boundaries 第 3 课时（Developing Ideas 教学课件+分层作业)-【上好课】2024-2025学年高中英语同步精品课堂（外研社版2019选择性必修第二册）

Unit4Breaking Boundaries Developing Ideas分层作业练习 I 单词拼写 1. In the following year when he entered the college, my bother joined the ____________(共产主义的) Party. 2. She was born a __________ (奴隶) and remained a slave and remained a slave for nearly thirty years. 3. People fear that security cameras could disturb personal____________ (自由). 4. The Education Ministry proposed guidelines to decrease the amount of the homework given to students each day, their burden well above what they can ____________(忍耐). 5. It is essential that effective measures be taken to protect our____________ (国民的) rights. 6.  I have spent a considerable____________ (一部分) of my life in the field of education. 7. A____________ (分歧，分裂) has opened up between the two ministers over the issue. 8. He was determined not to let anything____________ (损坏) from his enjoyment of the trip.  9. The general manager would____________ (登上) the platform and address all the employees. 10. There is a lot of work to do, and I intend to ____________ (献身于) myself to doing it. II 单句语法填空 1. It is hard for us to imagine _________ it was like to be a slave hundreds of years. 2. This famous address _________ the crowd changed the minds of his people and helped shape a new independent nation. 3. Lincoln’s speech gave the civilian people hope, belief as well as a reason __________ (look) to the bright future. 4. Now it is up to the living ___________ (remove) not only the divisions between North and South, but also the boundaries between black and white. 5. They were engaged in a great civil war, __________ (test) whether that nation, or any nation, so conceived and so dedicated, could long endure. 6. It is altogether fitting and proper _________ we should dedicate ourselves to the nation. 7. We should take increased devotion to the great cause for __________ those soldiers gave the last full measure of devotion. 8. _________ set Mr Snow apart from other journalists was that he actually experienced a hard life with the Chinese Red Army. 9. The gentleman risked his life during the tough period __________ (get) to the heart of the ordinary people. 10. His writing called Red Star over China is ________ must-read for anyone with an interest in that special period. III 选词并用其适当的形式填空。 in memory of in vain at a great cost set foot as well as in a sense carry out step by step engage in bring forth 1. You should never blame the boy for the result of the test, because he had tried his best though all are ____________. 2. More often than not, it is easier to make a plan than to _______________ a plan. 3. When Neil Armstrong ____________ on the moon's surface in 1969, some people were planning their holidays to space. 4. As is known to us, the Dragon Boat Festival is celebrated every day ______________ a Chinese poet named Qu Yuan. 5. I have thousands of dreams to realize, but I have to do little by little, _______________.  6. These efforts that you make at present will surely _____________ good fruit in future. 7. The menu in the restaurant contains traditional fine food, ___________ western dishes from many other countries. 8. You had better try to find humour in life, and ________  activities that make you laugh. 9. The environmentalists firmly believe that society take strong measures to save endangered species, despite ________________. 10. ___________, the attitude towards strangers that the people have in the city mirrors its warmth.  Ⅳ 阅读理解 A （2023年北京卷）In recent years, researchers from diverse fields have agreed that short-termism is now a significant problem in industrialised societies. The inability to engage with longer-term causes and consequences leads to some of the world’s most serious problems: climate change, biodiversity collapse, and more. The historian Francis Cole argues that the West has entered a period where “only the present exists, a present characterised at once by the cruelty of the instant and by the boredom of an unending now”. It has been proved that people have a bias (偏向) towards the present, focusing on loud attractions in the moment at the expense of the health, well-being and financial stability of their future selves or community. In business, this bias surfaces as short-sighted decisions. And on slow-burning problems like climate change, it translates into the unwillingness to make small sacrifices (牺牲) today that could make a major difference tomorrow. Instead, all that matters is next quarter’s profit, or satisfying some other near-term desires. These biased perspectives cannot be blamed on one single cause. It is fair to say, though, that our psychological biases play a major role. People’s hesitancy to delay satisfaction is the most obvious example, but there are others.One of them is about how the most accessible information in the present affects decisions about the future. For instance, you might hear someone say: “It’s cold this winter, so I needn’t worry about global warming.”Another is that loud and urgent matters are given too much importance, making people ignore longer-term trends that arguably matter more. This is when a pop star draws far more attention than, say, gradual biodiversity decline. As a psychologist once joked, if aliens (外星人) wanted to weaken humanity, they wouldn’t send ships; they would invent climate change. Indeed, when it comes to environmental transformations, we can develop a form of collective “poor memory”, and each new generation can believe the state of affairs they encounter is nothing out of the ordinary. Older people today, for example, can remember a time with insect-covered car windscreens after long drives. Children, on the other hand, have no idea that insect population has dropped dramatically. 1. The author quotes Francis Cole mainly to ________. A. draw a comparison B. introduce a topic C. evaluate a statement D. highlight a problem 2. What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A. Climate change has been forgotten. B. Lessons of history are highly valued. C. The human mind is bad at noting slow change. D. Humans are unwilling to admit their shortcomings. 3. What does the author intend to tell us? A. Far-sighted thinking matters to humans. B. Humans tend to make long-term sacrifices. C. Current policies facilitate future decision-making. D. Bias towards the present helps reduce near-term desires. B （2024新课标全国Ⅰ卷）“I am not crazy,” says Dr. William Farber, shortly after performing acupuncture (针灸) on a rabbit. “I am ahead of my time.” If he seems a little defensive, it might be because even some of his coworkers occasionally laugh at his unusual methods. But Farber is certain he’ll have the last laugh. He’s one of a small but growing number of American veterinarians (兽医) now practicing “holistic” medicine-combining traditional Western treatments with acupuncture, chiropractic (按摩疗法) and herbal medicine. Farber, a graduate of Colorado State University, started out as a more conventional veterinarian. He became interested in alternative treatments 20 years ago when he suffered from terrible back pain. He tried muscle-relaxing drugs but found little relief. Then he tried acupuncture, an ancient Chinese practice, and was amazed that he improved after two or three treatments. What worked on a veterinarian seemed likely to work on his patients. So, after studying the techniques for a couple of years, he began offering them to pets. Leigh Tindale’s dog Charlie had a serious heart condition. After Charlie had a heart attack, Tindale says, she was prepared to put him to sleep, but Farber’s treatments eased her dog’s suffering so much that she was able to keep him alive for an additional five months. And Priscilla Dewing reports that her horse, Nappy, “moves more easily and rides more comfortably” after a chiropractic adjustment. Farber is certain that the holistic approach will grow more popular with time, and if the past is any indication, he may be right: Since 1982, membership in the American Holistic Veterinary Medical Association has grown from 30 to over 700. “Sometimes it surprises me that it works so well,” he says. “I will do anything to help an animal. That’s my job.” 4. What do some of Farber’s coworkers think of him? A. He’s odd. B. He’s strict. C. He’s brave. D. He’s rude. 5. Why did Farber decide to try acupuncture on pets? A. He was trained in it at university. B. He was inspired by another veterinarian. C. He benefited from it as a patient. D. He wanted to save money for pet owners. 6. What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about? A. Steps of a chiropractic treatment. B. The complexity of veterinarians’ work. C. Examples of rare animal diseases. D. The effectiveness of holistic medicine. 7. Why does the author mention the American Holistic Veterinary Medical Association? A. To prove Farber’s point. B. To emphasize its importance. C. To praise veterinarians. D. To advocate animal protection. Ⅴ 七选五 （2023年北京高考卷）It’s a joyful and stressful time of year in the United States for students and their families as they make decisions about where to attend college. Families often turn to rankings systems to help make a decision. ____1____ When I talk to families as a scholar of higher education, they’re often surprised that teaching excellence is not counted in rankings. ____2____ Emerging research suggests that courses in lower-ranked universities, on average, scored higher on teaching than courses in higher-ranked universities. ____3____ The absence of teaching excellence from the rankings is surprising given the link between high-quality teaching and student success. Quality teaching is one of the most important predictors of a wide range of college outcomes. Rankings, however, are only one reason why a low value is placed on teaching in higher education. Administrators often don’t view teaching excellence as a way to increase enrolment (注册) or funding. ____4____ Research shows that the more time instructors spend on teaching, the lower their salary. What is the result？ Many instructors continue to teach using traditional lectures, which lead to lower success rates. ____5____ Nevertheless, not much will change until schools with high-quality teaching are rewarded with more resources, higher rankings and increased enrolments. In the long term, universities, organisations that rank schools, and others should work to make teaching a valued, core part of the mission. What should students and their families do? They should give strong consideration to universities where high-quality teaching is valued, even though the schools may be ranked lower. A. Higher education has achieved its true potential. B. Therefore, it’s not highly valued in hiring or promotion. C. Quality teaching has been an important reputation-building factor. D. However, the rankings ignore a critical factor: the quality of teaching. E. Efforts to improve teaching at the university level have recently emerged. F. They’re even more surprised at how teaching is undervalued by universities. G. In fact, universities often shift emphasis from teaching to other ranking factors. Ⅵ 完形填空 （2023上·江苏镇江·高三统考期中）Katie Jo Benitz, who graduated from high school in 2021, is one of the newest trainees at the Yakima Fire Department. She was 1 to join the male-dominated field 2 her mother Captain Bonnie Rogers, the first female firefighter in her department. The pair finally met for the first time at the scene of the fire, when Benitz was called in to help 3 the Cow Canyon wildfire. In the past, the two had 4 crossed paths, which wasn’t unusual considering they are 5 about 90 minutes from each other. But this time was 6 . In this particular instance, they were 20 miles away from each other when the fire started. Benitz described their 7 of paths at the site of the fire as both “pretty exciting” and a(n)“ 8 occurrence.” The mother and daughter’s 9 story has since been 10 by the media. The pair said they hope it will inspire more individuals—particularly women—to become firefighters themselves. “I am just so 11 I can do the job I love,” Benitz said. “I hope I can encourage others to become a firefighter.” Rogers added her own 12 . “Everyone should pursue his 13 . And I also want other women to know you can do this job. With 14 work and determination, it is absolutely possible, and being able to 15 is a great honor.” 1．A．invited B．required C．inspired D．persuaded 2．A．as for B．because of C．except for D．instead of 3．A．study B．battle C．challenge D．recognize 4．A．never B．ever C．often D．also 5．A．directed B．exposed C．stationed D．interviewed 6．A．strange B．different C．familiar D．necessary 7．A．winding B．running C．turning D．crossing 8．A．rare B．early C．fast D．potential 9．A．meet-up B．break-up C．show-off D．take-off 10．A．helped out B．paid for C．picked up D．left over 11．A．confident B．brave C．special D．happy 12．A．commitment B．congratulation C．exploration D．encouragement 13．A．virtue B．passion C．education D．hobby 14．A．busy B．dangerous C．hard D．annoying 15．A．support B．appear C．attempt D．serve Ⅶ 应用文写作 假定你是李华，上周五你们班在公园上了一堂美术课。请你给英国朋友Chris写一封邮件分享这次经历，内容包括： （1）你完成的作品； （2）你的感想。 注意： （1）写作词数应为80个左右； （2）请按如下格式在答题纸的相应位置作答。 Dear Chris, I’m writing to share with you an art class I had in a park last Friday. __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$外研社版高中英语选择性必修二 Unit4 Breaking Boundaries Developing Ideas 1 2024/8/14 Get the historical background and meaning of the Gettysburg speech, and make your own speech; Learn the features and structures of argumentative essays and give opinions about the movie adaptations. Learning Objectives Read for main ideas of paragraphs and give a talk about the significance of abolishing slavery in the US ; Reading 3 Do you know what these pictures are about? Slavery When it comes to slavery, what pops into your mind? Is it …? Lincoln black and white cruelty cotton fields Uncle Tom’s Cabin the Civil War Slavery Let’s watch a video and learn more about slavery! Lincoln Memorial Washington Monument In this temple as in the hearts of the people for whom he saved the union, the memory of Abraham Lincoln is enshrined forever. slave/black people slave owner abuse What can you see from the pictures? 1. How did slave owners regard their slaves? 1. They didn't regard them as human but as animals, without respecting them. 2. What was a slave's life like? whip … 2. Daily life for a slave involved back-breaking( 使人疲劳至极的) labour. Slaves had to work all day long without enough rest. They were often physically abused by their owners and had no legal rights. Watch the video and answer the questions. It was common to see the phenomenon in southern states of the United States at that time. But it was one man who played a key part in abolishing the slavery in the United States. Do you know his name? Abraham Lincoln Abraham Lincoln was the 16th president of the United States of America, the leader who successfully prosecuted(发动) the Civil War to preserve the nation. He played a key role in passage of the Thirteenth Amendment(修正案), which ended slavery in America. On November 19, 1863, President Abraham Lincoln gave the speech, which later became known as the Gettysburg Address, at the dedication(落成仪式) of a cemetery(公墓) for the soldiers who had died during the Battle of Gettysburg. Now let's read the passage to learn more about the famous speech. Pre-reading Acticity 1 1. How did slave owners regard their slaves? They didn’t regard them as humans but as animals, without respecting them. 2. What was a slave’s life like? Daily life for a slave involved back-breaking labour. Slaves had to work all day long without enough rest. They were often physically abused by their owners and had no legal rights. Watch the video and answer the questions. Fast reading Look at the title and skim the passage. Choose the book in which you would most likely find the passage. The Power of Speech Famous US Presidents Great Battles in History Careful reading Reading comprehension 1 What was Lincoln’s purpose in giving the speech? A To declare a civil war. B In memory of the soldiers who died in the war. C To celebrate a victory. 2 How long did the worst battle last? A One day. B Two days . C Three days. D Four days. 3 What did Lincoln think the nation should altogether do in a fitting and proper way? A They should be engaged in the civil war. B They should devote to their nation for the dead soldiers. C They should meet there on a great battlefield of that war. D They should fight for freedom and equality. 4 How did Lincoln describe the men who fought in the war? A Brave and dedicated. B Selfless. C Generous. D Hard-working. 5 What was the “great task” that Lincoln described? A Winning the war against South. B Achieving human equality. C Building a stronger America. D Making people live a better life. Intensive reading Organise information from the passage and complete the notes. Intensive reading The Gettysburg Address ●Speaker: Abraham Lincoln ●Setting (date & place): ___________________ ●Background event: ___________________ How did Lincoln describe the founding of the US? ________________________________ What challenges did the Civil War bring to the nation? ________________________________ How did Lincoln describe the men who fought in the war? ________________________________ What was the “great task” that Lincoln described? ________________________________ Who would be responsible for carrying out this task? __________________________________________ Organise information from the passage and complete the notes. 17 The Gettysburg Address ● Speaker: Abraham Lincoln ● Setting (date & place): ____________________________ ____________________________ ● Background event: ____________________________ ____________________________ ____________________________ The Battle of Gettysburg in 1863, which resulted in over 50,000 casualties. On 19 November 1863, in a field in Gettysburg, Pennsylvania Intensive reading 18 How did Lincoln describe the founding of the US? ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________ It was a new nation conceived in Liberty and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal. / It aimed at bringing freedom to the people and was based on the principle that all men are created equal. Intensive reading The Gettysburg Address 19 The Gettysburg Address What challenges did the Civil War bring to the nation? ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________ It would test whether a nation conceived in Liberty and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal can long endure. Intensive reading 20 The Gettysburg Address How did Lincoln describe the men who fought in the war? ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ They gave their lives so that their nation might live. They were brave men whose struggles had consecrated the ground. Intensive reading 21 The Gettysburg Address What was the “great task” that Lincoln described? ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________ That this nation shall have a new birth of freedom; and that this government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth. Intensive reading 22 The Gettysburg Address Who would be responsible for carrying out this task? ____________________________________ The living should be dedicated to the task. Intensive reading 23 Abraham Lincoln, President of the United States of America, made a speech on 19 November, 1863 in Gettysburg, Pennsylvania in memory of the soldiers who 1________(die). At that time, America was 2_________(bitter) divided. For two years, its people had been deep in a civil war between South and North. The Union side won but 3_________ a great cost. People lost hope and purpose. Lincoln understood the feelings of the 4____________(civil) people. His speech gave them hope, 5__________(believe) and a reason to look to the future. He gave them a new vision of 6_________ the United States of America should be, 7__________(base) on the ideals set down by its Founding Fathers 87 years before. 8_________ was what the soldiers had died for. Now it was up to the living 9______________(remove) not only the divisions between North and South, 10____________ the boundaries between black and white, and work step by step towards the equality of humankind. had died bitterly at civilian belief what based It to remove but Summary 1. What was Lincoln’s purpose in giving the speech? He wanted to give the people hope, belief and a reason to look to the future. 2. Lincoln talked about government “of the people, by the people, for the people”. What does this mean? “Of the people” means that government should be made up of or drawn from the people; “by the people” means that government should be run by ordinary people; “for the people” means that government should use its power for the people’s benefit. Think and share Discuss and answer the following questions. 25 3. What other speeches can you think of that stress the importance of breaking boundaries? Example: I Have a Dream I have a dream that one day on the red hills of Georgia, the sons of former slaves and the sons of former slave owners will be able to sit down together at the table of brotherhood. 4. What efforts to break boundaries are described in the two reading passages in this unit? In the first passage, doctors or other people of different backgrounds worked together to save people in danger. In the second passage, Lincoln called on the people of the United States to strive for a free nation where all men are equal. 26 Post reading Work in groups. Give a talk about the significance of abolishing slavery in the US. 1. Organise your ideas by answering the questions. • What was the US like before slavery was abolished? • How was it different afterwards? • In what ways did the abolition of slavery help to break boundaries? 1. The US was divided into states in the North that prohibited slavery, and states in the South which allowed slavery and depended upon slavery economically. Slavery was a very cruel institution, and caused great human suffering in the states that permitted it. Reliance on slavery also made the South less technologically advanced than the North. 2. Slaves were freed and were regarded as equal under the law, at least in theory. In practice, black Americans continued to suffer great discrimination in the South for the next hundred years, until the birth of the modern civil rights movement in the 1960s. The legacy of slavery continues to affect race relations in the US today. 3. The abolition of slavery made former slaves and their former masters equal before the law. This was the first step towards true equality. Writing 29 Read the speech on Edgar Snow and answer the questions. Pre-writing Hello, everyone. Today, I’m going to introduce Edgar Snow. Edgar Snow was an American journalist who wrote influential books and articles about China in the 1930s. At a time when relatively little was known about our country in the Western world, his 1937 book Red Star over China broke ideological boundaries by telling the stories of the Chinese communist movement from the inside. influential adj 有影响力的 30 Read the speech on Edgar Snow and answer the questions. Pre-writing Although Snow was not the only international journalist to set foot in China during the early decades of the 20th century, what set him apart from the others was that he actually spent time with the Chinese Red Army. He listened to their stories and observed their day-to-day lives, as well as conducting interviews with Mao Zedong and other leaders. 31 Read the speech on Edgar Snow and answer the questions. Pre-writing His biographical accounts and depictions of historical events, such as the Long March, therefore captured the spirit of the period and the people living through it with unprecedented authenticity. Snow is considered “our American friend”. depiction n 描述 unprecedented adj 史无前例的 authenticity n 真实性；确实性 32 Read the speech on Edgar Snow and answer the questions. Pre-writing I admire Snow’s special insight and bravery, risking his life during the war to get to the heart of the story and correct prejudice. For me, Snow’s writing, and in particular Red Star over China, is a must-read for anyone with an interest in that period. insight n 洞察力 33 Pre-writing 1. Who was Edgar Snow? He was an American journalist who wrote influential books and articles about China in the 1930s. Read the speech on Edgar Snow and answer the questions. Pre-writing Read the speech on Edgar Snow and answer the questions. 2. What did he do and what boundaries did he break? He actually spent time with the Chinese Red Army and listened to their stories and observed their day-to-day lives. He also conducted interviews with Mao Zedong and other leaders. His book Red Star over China broke ideological boundaries by telling the stories of the Chinese communist movement from the inside. What does a speech usually include? Pre-writing Body a speech Opening Summary Who the person is. What boundary he / she has broken. How he / she achieved this. Comments on him / her. Complete the table to organise your own speech about another person who has helped to increase understanding between two countries. While-writing: Think and write Opening Who the person is: What boundary he / she has broken: Body How he / she achieved this: Summary Comments on him / her: Useful expressions: While-writing: Think and write Opening Today, I’m going to introduce ... He / She is / was a doctor / social worker ..., who is / was hard-working / diligent / intelligent / ... He / She was born in ..., in ... He / She would break national boundaries by doing ... Useful expressions: While-writing: Think and write Body He / She made every effort to do ... His / Her social conscience developed ... He / She worked ceaselessly to help ... / make a difference in the world ... He / She is / was devoted / dedicated to doing ... Useful expressions: While-writing: Think and write Summary I admire ... (for ...) ... call on ... to learn from his / her example ... What he / she has done is worth ... His / Her contribution to ... is not only ... but also ... While-writing: Think and write Henry Norman Bethune A Canadian A famous doctor In January 1938, Bethune joined the Chinese to struggle against the Japanese invaders. While-writing: Think and write Now write your speech. Please keep in mind the three parts to be included in a speech: opening, body and summary. Try to use some words and expressions you have learned. Do further research if necessary. Work in pairs. Make improvements to each other’s speeches and share them with the class. Post-writing: Presentation 43 Post-writing: Evaluation Questions Your evaluation Evaluator Does the speech include the key points? 4 2 0 Is the speech organized properly and smoothly? 3 2 1 How is the language? 12 8 4 2 How is the handwriting? 3 1 -1 Paper design 3 1 -1 TOTAL MARK 44 Post-writing: Reference Text Good morning, everyone. Today I’m going to introduce a great man who devoted his life to practising medicine for the people of China — Dr Norman Bethune. He was born in 1890, in Canada. He was a complicated person who was both very creative and very stubborn. He was also very hard-working, and wanted to make a difference in the world. In fact, he invented or improved numerous surgical procedures and surgical instruments. adj 复杂的 45 Post-writing: Reference Text However, it was in China that he would break national boundaries by becoming one of the few Western doctors to help the Chinese in their wartime struggle. His contribution to the welfare of the Chinese people was not only unusual, but immense. Having married a wealthy woman, Bethune had once enjoyed a luxurious lifestyle in Canada. However, his social conscience developed during the 1930s, with a visit to the Soviet Union and time as a surgeon during the Spanish Civil War. adj 巨大的 社会责任感 46 Post-writing: Reference Text In January 1938, he left Canada again, this time to help the soldiers in China’s Eighth Route Army. It was no easy journey. Travelling thousands of kilometres, he did not reach Yan’an until the end of March. By June, he was working at the front. He soon saw that the medical situation for the troops and local people was bad. There were not enough medicines or surgical instruments, and the medical staff were not well trained. n 军队 47 Post-writing: Reference Text Bethune worked hard to help the wounded and train his staff, even inventing medical equipment that was suitable for guerilla warfare in China. The pace at which Bethune worked can be seen in a battle during April 1939, when he performed 115 operations in only 69 hours. The Chinese, though they sometimes found Bethune difficult because of his stubbornness, admired him greatly because of his ceaseless hard work and his dedication to helping the Chinese people. 游击战 adj 不断的 48 Post-writing: Reference Text But tragedy struck when Bethune cut himself while conducting an operation. He soon contracted blood poisoning and died on 12 November 1939. Dr Norman Bethune had worked tirelessly as a surgeon, teacher and hospital administrator for the Chinese people. Their struggle became his own. Although he was not Chinese, he sacrificed his life for them. v 感染 （疾病） v 牺牲；献出 49 Post-writing: Reference Text In December 1939, Chairman Mao Zedong wrote an article “In Memory of Norman Bethune”, as a tribute to Bethune, and called on the Chinese people to learn from his example. Dr Norman Bethune remains the greatest inspiration for anyone who believes that we must fight alongside others for justice — even if they are from a different nation to our own. n 致敬 50 Find another speech that changed a nation and then write a passage about it, including its background information. $$ Unit4Breaking Boundaries Developing Ideas分层作业练习 I 单词拼写 1. In the following year when he entered the college, my bother joined the ____________(共产主义的) Party. 【答案】Communist  2. She was born a __________ (奴隶) and remained a slave and remained a slave for nearly thirty years. 【答案】slave 3. People fear that security cameras could disturb personal____________ (自由). 【答案】liberty 4. The Education Ministry proposed guidelines to decrease the amount of the homework given to students each day, their burden well above what they can ____________(忍耐). 【答案】endure 5. It is essential that effective measures be taken to protect our____________ (国民的) rights. 【答案】civil 6.  I have spent a considerable____________ (一部分) of my life in the field of education. 【答案】portion 7. A____________ (分歧，分裂) has opened up between the two ministers over the issue. 【答案】division 8. He was determined not to let anything____________ (损坏) from his enjoyment of the trip.  【答案】detract 9. The general manager would____________ (登上) the platform and address all the employees. 【答案】mount 10. There is a lot of work to do, and I intend to ____________ (献身于) myself to doing it. 【答案】dedicate II 单句语法填空 1. It is hard for us to imagine _________ it was like to be a slave hundreds of years. 【答案】what 【解析】what 引导宾语从句，句型“what was it like”意为：那是什么样子。 2. This famous address _________ the crowd changed the minds of his people and helped shape a new independent nation. 【答案】to 【解析】address 是名词，意“演说”； “this address to the crowd”表示“对民众的演说” 3. Lincoln’s speech gave the civilian people hope, belief as well as a reason __________ (look) to the bright future. 【答案】to look 【解析】不定式短语作名词的后置定语。 4. Now it is up to the living ___________ (remove) not only the divisions between North and South, but also the boundaries between black and white. 【答案】to remove 【解析】句型“It’s up to sb to do sth”意为“某事由某人决定”，it为形式主语；不定式短语为真正主语后置。 5. They were engaged in a great civil war, __________ (test) whether that nation, or any nation, so conceived and so dedicated, could long endure. 【答案】testing 【解析】现在分词testing与逻辑主语构成主动关系，且在句中作伴随状语。 6. It is altogether fitting and proper _________ we should dedicate ourselves to the nation. 【答案】that 【解析】that引导的主语从句后置。 7. We should take increased devotion to the great cause for __________ those soldiers gave the last full measure of devotion. 【答案】which 【解析】for which 引导定语从句，修饰先行词the great cause:那个伟大的事业。 8. _________ set Mr Snow apart from other journalists was that he actually experienced a hard life with the Chinese Red Army. 【答案】What 【解析】what 引导的主语从句， 引导词what在从句充当主语。句意为：斯诺与其他记者的不同之处在于，他实际上与中国红军一起经历了一段艰苦的生活。 9. The gentleman risked his life during the tough period __________ (get) to the heart of the ordinary people. 【答案】to get 【解析】risk one’s life to do sth：冒险生命的危险去做某事。 10. His writing called Red Star over China is ________ must-read for anyone with an interest in that special period. 【答案】a 【解析】a must-read： 一本必读的著作。 III 选词并用其适当的形式填空。 in memory of in vain at a great cost set foot as well as in a sense carry out step by step engage in bring forth 1. You should never blame the boy for the result of the test, because he had tried his best though all are ____________. 【答案】in vain 【解析】徒劳地，白费力的 2. More often than not, it is easier to make a plan than to _______________ a plan. 【答案】carry out  3. When Neil Armstrong ____________ on the moon's surface in 1969, some people were planning their holidays to space. 【答案】set foot 【解析】set foot on： 踏足，踏上 4. As is known to us, the Dragon Boat Festival is celebrated every day ______________ a Chinese poet named Qu Yuan. 【答案】in memory of  5. I have thousands of dreams to realize, but I have to do little by little, _______________.  【答案】step by step 6. These efforts that you make at present will surely _____________ good fruit in future. 【答案】bring forth 【解析】bring forth：产生 7. The menu in the restaurant contains traditional fine food, ___________ western dishes from many other countries. 【答案】as well as 8. You had better try to find humour in life, and ________  activities that make you laugh. 【答案】engage in 【解析】engage in：参加，从事于；本句意：你最好试着在生活中找到幽默，参与一些能让你开怀大笑的活动。 9. The environmentalists firmly believe that society take strong measures to save endangered species, despite ________________. 【答案】at a great cost； 【解析】本句意：环境保护主义者坚信社会应该采取强有力的措施来拯救濒危物种，尽管要付出巨大的代价。 10. ___________, the attitude towards strangers that the people have in the city mirrors its warmth.  【答案】In a sense 【解析】in a sense：在某种意义上说; 本句句意：在某种意义上说，市民对陌生人态度，反映了这个城市的温度。 Ⅳ 阅读理解 A （2023年北京卷）In recent years, researchers from diverse fields have agreed that short-termism is now a significant problem in industrialised societies. The inability to engage with longer-term causes and consequences leads to some of the world’s most serious problems: climate change, biodiversity collapse, and more. The historian Francis Cole argues that the West has entered a period where “only the present exists, a present characterised at once by the cruelty of the instant and by the boredom of an unending now”. It has been proved that people have a bias (偏向) towards the present, focusing on loud attractions in the moment at the expense of the health, well-being and financial stability of their future selves or community. In business, this bias surfaces as short-sighted decisions. And on slow-burning problems like climate change, it translates into the unwillingness to make small sacrifices (牺牲) today that could make a major difference tomorrow. Instead, all that matters is next quarter’s profit, or satisfying some other near-term desires. These biased perspectives cannot be blamed on one single cause. It is fair to say, though, that our psychological biases play a major role. People’s hesitancy to delay satisfaction is the most obvious example, but there are others.One of them is about how the most accessible information in the present affects decisions about the future. For instance, you might hear someone say: “It’s cold this winter, so I needn’t worry about global warming.”Another is that loud and urgent matters are given too much importance, making people ignore longer-term trends that arguably matter more. This is when a pop star draws far more attention than, say, gradual biodiversity decline. As a psychologist once joked, if aliens (外星人) wanted to weaken humanity, they wouldn’t send ships; they would invent climate change. Indeed, when it comes to environmental transformations, we can develop a form of collective “poor memory”, and each new generation can believe the state of affairs they encounter is nothing out of the ordinary. Older people today, for example, can remember a time with insect-covered car windscreens after long drives. Children, on the other hand, have no idea that insect population has dropped dramatically. 1. The author quotes Francis Cole mainly to ________. A. draw a comparison B. introduce a topic C. evaluate a statement D. highlight a problem 2. What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A. Climate change has been forgotten. B. Lessons of history are highly valued. C. The human mind is bad at noting slow change. D. Humans are unwilling to admit their shortcomings. 3. What does the author intend to tell us? A. Far-sighted thinking matters to humans. B. Humans tend to make long-term sacrifices. C. Current policies facilitate future decision-making. D. Bias towards the present helps reduce near-term desires. 【答案】1. D 2. C 3. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是说明文。近年来，来自不同领域的研究人员一致认为，短期主义现在是工业化社会的一个重大问题。事实证明，人们对现在有偏见，以牺牲健康为代价，专注于当下有吸引力的事物，而牺牲了未来自己或社区的健康、幸福和财务稳定。 【1题详解】 推理判断题。第一段首句“In recent years, researchers from diverse fields have agreed that short-termism is now a significant problem in industrialised societies.(近年来，来自不同领域的研究人员一致认为，短期主义现在是工业化社会的一个重大问题。)”提出一个问题——短期主义，接着下文“The historian Francis Cole argues that the West has entered a period where “only the present exists, a present characterised at once by the cruelty of the instant and by the boredom of an unending now”.(历史学家弗朗西斯•科尔（Francis Cole）认为，西方已经进入了一个“只有现在存在的时代，现在的特点是瞬间的残酷和无休止的现在的无聊”。)”引用历史学家Francis Cole的话来强调只注重现在的这种短期主义的危害，由此可推知，文章引用Francis Col的话是为了强调一个问题，故选D。 【2题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“As a psychologist once joked, if aliens (外星人) wanted to weaken humanity, they wouldn’t send ships; they would invent climate change. Indeed, when it comes to environmental transformations, we can develop a form of collective “poor memory”, and each new generation can believe the state of affairs they encounter is nothing out of the ordinary.(一位心理学家曾经开玩笑说，如果外星人想削弱人类，他们不会派出飞船；他们会发明气候变化。的确，在环境变化的问题上，我们可以形成一种集体的“记忆不良”，每一代人都会认为他们所遇到的情况并没有什么不同寻常的)”可知，一位心理学家曾经开玩笑说，如果外星人想要削弱人类，他们会发明气候变化，通过这种方式来削弱人类，因为人们对于气候变化形成一种集体的“记忆不良”，认为他们所遇到的情况没什么异常的，由此可推知人们不擅长察觉出缓慢的变化，故选C。 【3题详解】 推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“In recent years, researchers from diverse fields have agreed that short-termism is now a significant problem in industrialised societies.(近年来，来自不同领域的研究人员一致认为，短期主义现在是工业化社会的一个重大问题。)”提出一个问题——短期主义，和第二段“It has been proved that people have a bias(偏向) towards the present, focusing on loud attractions in the moment at the expense of the health, well-being and financial stability of their future selves or community. In business, this bias surfaces as short-sighted decisions. And on slow-burning problems like climate change, it translates into the unwillingness to make small sacrifices(牺牲) today that could make a major difference tomorrow.(事实证明人们对现在有偏见，以牺牲健康为代价，只专注于当下引人注目的事物，而牺牲了未来自己或社区的健康、幸福和稳定。在商业中，这种偏见表现为短视决策。在气候变化等缓慢燃烧的问题上，这意味着不愿意今天做出小的牺牲，而这些牺牲可能会在明天产生重大影响。)”可知，文章主要讲述了短视决策的危害，呼吁我们要做出有远见的思考。由此可推知，作者的写作目的是告诉我们有远见的思考对人类的重要性，故选A。 B （2024新课标全国Ⅰ卷）“I am not crazy,” says Dr. William Farber, shortly after performing acupuncture (针灸) on a rabbit. “I am ahead of my time.” If he seems a little defensive, it might be because even some of his coworkers occasionally laugh at his unusual methods. But Farber is certain he’ll have the last laugh. He’s one of a small but growing number of American veterinarians (兽医) now practicing “holistic” medicine-combining traditional Western treatments with acupuncture, chiropractic (按摩疗法) and herbal medicine. Farber, a graduate of Colorado State University, started out as a more conventional veterinarian. He became interested in alternative treatments 20 years ago when he suffered from terrible back pain. He tried muscle-relaxing drugs but found little relief. Then he tried acupuncture, an ancient Chinese practice, and was amazed that he improved after two or three treatments. What worked on a veterinarian seemed likely to work on his patients. So, after studying the techniques for a couple of years, he began offering them to pets. Leigh Tindale’s dog Charlie had a serious heart condition. After Charlie had a heart attack, Tindale says, she was prepared to put him to sleep, but Farber’s treatments eased her dog’s suffering so much that she was able to keep him alive for an additional five months. And Priscilla Dewing reports that her horse, Nappy, “moves more easily and rides more comfortably” after a chiropractic adjustment. Farber is certain that the holistic approach will grow more popular with time, and if the past is any indication, he may be right: Since 1982, membership in the American Holistic Veterinary Medical Association has grown from 30 to over 700. “Sometimes it surprises me that it works so well,” he says. “I will do anything to help an animal. That’s my job.” 4. What do some of Farber’s coworkers think of him? A. He’s odd. B. He’s strict. C. He’s brave. D. He’s rude. 5. Why did Farber decide to try acupuncture on pets? A. He was trained in it at university. B. He was inspired by another veterinarian. C. He benefited from it as a patient. D. He wanted to save money for pet owners. 6. What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about? A. Steps of a chiropractic treatment. B. The complexity of veterinarians’ work. C. Examples of rare animal diseases. D. The effectiveness of holistic medicine. 7. Why does the author mention the American Holistic Veterinary Medical Association? A. To prove Farber’s point. B. To emphasize its importance. C. To praise veterinarians. D. To advocate animal protection. 【答案】4. A 5. C 6. D 7. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是记叙文。文章讲述兽医威廉·法伯(William Farber)博士在从针灸中受益后，将综合医疗应用于动物，并取得了初步成效。 【4题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段的“If he seems a little defensive, it might be because even some of his coworkers occasionally laugh at his unusual methods.( 如果他看起来有点自卫，那可能是因为他的一些同事偶尔会嘲笑他不寻常的方法。) ”可知，Farber的同事们有时会嘲笑他不寻常的方法，他们认为他很奇怪。故选A。 【5题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段的“Then he tried acupuncture, an ancient Chinese practice, and was amazed that he improved after two or three treatments. What worked on a veterinarian seemed likely to work on his patients. So, after studying the techniques for a couple of years, he began offering them to pets.(然后，他尝试了针灸，这是一种古老的中国疗法，并惊讶地发现，经过两三次治疗，他的病情有所好转。对兽医有效的方法似乎对他的病人也有效。因此，在研究了这些技术几年后，他开始把它们提供给宠物。)”可知，Farber作为患者从针灸中受益，这促使他决定尝试在宠物上使用针灸。故选C。 【6题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第三段内容“Leigh Tindale’s dog Charlie had a serious heart condition. After Charlie had a heart attack, Tindale says, she was prepared to put him to sleep, but Farber’s treatments eased her dog’s suffering so much that she was able to keep him alive for an additional five months. And Priscilla Dewing reports that her horse, Nappy, “moves more easily and rides more comfortably” after a chiropractic adjustment.(利·廷代尔的狗查理患有严重的心脏病。廷代尔说，查理心脏病发作后，她准备让他进入睡眠状态，但法伯的治疗大大减轻了她的狗的痛苦，她能够让它多活五个月。普里西拉·杜因(Priscilla Dewing)报告说，她的马纳皮(Nappy)经过脊椎按摩调整后，“行动更容易，乘车更舒服”。) ”可知，本段主要讲述了两个例子，一个是Farber通过整体医学方法帮助了患有严重心脏病的狗Charlie，另一个是马Nappy在接受脊椎按摩治疗后移动和骑行更为舒适。这些例子都是为了说明整体医学的有效性。故选D。 【7题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段的内容“Farber is certain that the holistic approach will grow more popular with time, and if the past is any indication, he may be right: Since 1982, membership in the American Holistic Veterinary Medical Association has grown from 30 to over 700. ( 法伯确信，随着时间的推移，综合疗法会越来越受欢迎，如果过去有任何迹象的话，他可能是对的:自1982年以来，美国综合兽医协会的会员已经从30个增加到700多个。)”可知，法伯认为综合疗法会越来越受欢迎，随后作者列举了美国综合兽医协会的会员已经从30个增加到700多个的例子，因此推断美国整体兽医协会是为证明法伯的观点。故选A。 Ⅴ 七选五 （2023年北京高考卷）It’s a joyful and stressful time of year in the United States for students and their families as they make decisions about where to attend college. Families often turn to rankings systems to help make a decision. ____1____ When I talk to families as a scholar of higher education, they’re often surprised that teaching excellence is not counted in rankings. ____2____ Emerging research suggests that courses in lower-ranked universities, on average, scored higher on teaching than courses in higher-ranked universities. ____3____ The absence of teaching excellence from the rankings is surprising given the link between high-quality teaching and student success. Quality teaching is one of the most important predictors of a wide range of college outcomes. Rankings, however, are only one reason why a low value is placed on teaching in higher education. Administrators often don’t view teaching excellence as a way to increase enrolment (注册) or funding. ____4____ Research shows that the more time instructors spend on teaching, the lower their salary. What is the result？ Many instructors continue to teach using traditional lectures, which lead to lower success rates. ____5____ Nevertheless, not much will change until schools with high-quality teaching are rewarded with more resources, higher rankings and increased enrolments. In the long term, universities, organisations that rank schools, and others should work to make teaching a valued, core part of the mission. What should students and their families do? They should give strong consideration to universities where high-quality teaching is valued, even though the schools may be ranked lower. A. Higher education has achieved its true potential. B. Therefore, it’s not highly valued in hiring or promotion. C. Quality teaching has been an important reputation-building factor. D. However, the rankings ignore a critical factor: the quality of teaching. E. Efforts to improve teaching at the university level have recently emerged. F. They’re even more surprised at how teaching is undervalued by universities. G. In fact, universities often shift emphasis from teaching to other ranking factors. 【答案】1. D 2. F 3. G 4. B 5. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要就如何选择高校提供了一些建议。 【1题详解】 根据空前内容“It’s a joyful and stressful time of year in the United States for students and their families as they make decisions about where to attend college. Families often turn to rankings systems to help make a decision.(对于美国的学生和他们的家人来说，这是一年中既快乐又紧张的时刻， 因为他们要决定去哪里上大学。家庭经常求助于排名系统来帮助做决定。)”可知，美国的学生和家人们在决定去哪儿上大学时，经常求助于排名系统。而根据下文第三段“Emerging research suggests that courses in lower-ranked universities, on average, scored higher on teaching than courses in higher-ranked universities. (最新的研究表明，排名较低的大学的课程在教学方面的平均得分高于排名较高的大学的课程。)”可推断出，本文主要讲述的是排名方面出现的问题。选项D“However, the rankings ignore a critical factor: the quality of teaching.(然而，排名忽略了一个关键因素：教学质量。)”延续上文内容，指出大学排名存在的问题；而根据下文内容也可以推断，排名中存在的问题是教学质量被忽略。故选D。 【2题详解】 根据空前内容“When I talk to families as a scholar of higher education, they’re often surprised that teaching excellence is not counted in rankings.(作为一名研究高等教育的学者，当我与一些家庭交谈时，他们常常惊讶地发现，优秀的教学水平并没有被纳入排名。)”可知，大学排名中优秀的教学水平并没有被纳入排名让人们觉得很惊讶。选项F“They’re even more surprised at how teaching is undervalued by universities.(更让他们惊讶的是，大学竟然低估了教学的价值。)”延续上文内容，指的都是大学排名忽略教学质量。其中“more surprised”和上文的“surprised”保持一致。故选F。 【3题详解】 空前内容“Emerging research suggests that courses in lower-ranked universities, on average, scored higher on teaching than courses in higher-ranked universities.(最新的研究表明，排名较低的大学的课程在教学方面的平均得分高于排名较高的大学的课程。)”以及空后内容“The absence of teaching excellence from the rankings is surprising given the link between high-quality teaching and student success. Quality teaching is one of the most important predictors of a wide range of college outcomes.(考虑到高质量教学与学生成功之间的联系，排名中没有优秀教学令人惊讶。优质教学是衡量大学成绩的最重要因素之一。)”讲述的都是大学排名中没有考虑到教学。选项G“In fact, universities often shift emphasis from teaching to other ranking factors.(事实上，大学经常把重点从教学转移到其他排名因素上。)”与上下文内容相一致，故选G。 【4题详解】 根据空前内容“Rankings, however, are only one reason why a low value is placed on teaching in higher education. Administrators often don’t view teaching excellence as a way to increase enrolment (注册) or funding.(然而，排名只是高等教育中对教学重视程度较低的一个原因。管理者通常不会将卓越的教学视为增加入学率或资金的一种方式。)”可知，上文分析了教学不被纳入排名的原因，该空应该讲其后果。选项B“Therefore, it’s not highly valued in hiring or promotion.(因此，它在招聘或晋升中不受重视。)”是上文内容的延续，正因为管理人员通常不把卓越的教学视为增加入学率或增加资金的一种方式，所以教学在招聘和晋升中不受重视。故选B。 【5题详解】 根据下文内容“Nevertheless, not much will change until schools with high-quality teaching are rewarded with more resources, higher rankings and increased enrolments. In the long term, universities, organisations that rank schools, and others should work to make teaching a valued, core part of the mission.(尽管如此，在拥有高质量教学的学校获得更多资源、更高排名和增加入学人数之前，不会有太大变化。从长远来看，大学、学校排名组织和其他机构应该努力使教学成为使命的一个有价值的核心部分。)”可知，作者认为想要强调教学质量还需要更多努力。根据“Nevertheless”可知，空处内容和下文内容存在转折关系。选项C“Quality teaching has been an important reputation-building factor.(高质量的教学一直是建立声誉的重要因素。)”强调了高质量教学的重要性，而下文则话题一转，指出了高质量教学的难处。故选C。 Ⅵ 完形填空 （2023上·江苏镇江·高三统考期中）Katie Jo Benitz, who graduated from high school in 2021, is one of the newest trainees at the Yakima Fire Department. She was 1 to join the male-dominated field 2 her mother Captain Bonnie Rogers, the first female firefighter in her department. The pair finally met for the first time at the scene of the fire, when Benitz was called in to help 3 the Cow Canyon wildfire. In the past, the two had 4 crossed paths, which wasn’t unusual considering they are 5 about 90 minutes from each other. But this time was 6 . In this particular instance, they were 20 miles away from each other when the fire started. Benitz described their 7 of paths at the site of the fire as both “pretty exciting” and a(n)“ 8 occurrence.” The mother and daughter’s 9 story has since been 10 by the media. The pair said they hope it will inspire more individuals—particularly women—to become firefighters themselves. “I am just so 11 I can do the job I love,” Benitz said. “I hope I can encourage others to become a firefighter.” Rogers added her own 12 . “Everyone should pursue his 13 . And I also want other women to know you can do this job. With 14 work and determination, it is absolutely possible, and being able to 15 is a great honor.” 1．A．invited B．required C．inspired D．persuaded 2．A．as for B．because of C．except for D．instead of 3．A．study B．battle C．challenge D．recognize 4．A．never B．ever C．often D．also 5．A．directed B．exposed C．stationed D．interviewed 6．A．strange B．different C．familiar D．necessary 7．A．winding B．running C．turning D．crossing 8．A．rare B．early C．fast D．potential 9．A．meet-up B．break-up C．show-off D．take-off 10．A．helped out B．paid for C．picked up D．left over 11．A．confident B．brave C．special D．happy 12．A．commitment B．congratulation C．exploration D．encouragement 13．A．virtue B．passion C．education D．hobby 14．A．busy B．dangerous C．hard D．annoying 15．A．support B．appear C．attempt D．serve 【答案】 1．C 2．B 3．B 4．A 5．C 6．B 7．D 8．A 9．A 10．C 11．D 12．D 13．B 14．C 15．D 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述Katie Jo Benitz受消防员母亲的影响成为一名消防员，由于俩人驻扎地离的很远，在一次火灾中母女俩在火场罕见相遇，接受媒体报道，她们鼓励更多的女性加入消防员领域。 1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：她之所以加入这个男性主导的领域，是因为她的母亲邦妮·罗杰斯上尉的鼓励，她所在部门的第一位女消防员。A. invited邀请；B. required要求；C. inspired激励，启发；D. persuaded劝说。根据下文“to join the male-dominated field 　　2　　 her mother Captain Bonnie Rogers, the first female firefighter in her department.”可知她妈妈是她所在部门的第一位女消防员，所以她加入这个领域是受到妈妈的鼓励，故选C。 2．考查介词短语词义辨析。句意：同上。 A. as for至于；B. because of因为；C. except for除……之外；D. instead of代替。分析可知上下文为因果关系，正是由于她母亲是她所在部门的第一位女消防员，所以她才受到激励加入了这个领域，故选B。 3．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这俩人终于在火灾现场第一次见面，当时贝尼茨被叫去帮助扑灭牛峡谷的野火。A. study学习；B. battle与……搏斗；C. challenge挑战；D. recognize认出。根据下文“the Cow Canyon wildfire”可知是被叫去帮助灭火，故选B。 4．考查副词词义辨析。句意：过去，两人从未有过交集，考虑到他们的驻扎距离彼此大约90分钟的路程，这并不罕见。A. never从不；B. ever曾经；C. often经常；D. also也。根据上文“The pair finally met for the first time at the scene of the fire”可知这俩人从未在火场有过交集，故选A。 5．考查动词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. directed指导；B. exposed使暴露；C. stationed驻扎；   D. interviewed采访。根据前文Benitz和妈妈都是消防员，可知应该是驻扎在不同的地点，故选C。 6．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但这一次不同了。A. strange奇怪的；B. different不同的；C. familiar熟悉的；D. necessary必要的。根据下文“In this particular instance, they were 20 miles away from each other when the fire started.”可知这次不同，因为火灾发生时她们彼此相距20英里，所以在火灾现场遇到了，故选B。 7．考查名词词义辨析。 句意：贝尼茨说，他们在火灾现场交叉的道路遇见既“相当令人兴奋”，也是一次“罕见的事件”。A. winding弯曲；B. running跑；C. turning转弯处；D. crossing交叉道口。根据下文“paths at the site of the fire”可知应是在火灾现场的交叉路口遇见彼此。故选D。 8．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. rare罕见的；B. early早的；C. fast快速的；D. potential潜在的。根据前文可知这对母女驻扎的地点离得远，所以第一次在火灾现场相遇，应是罕见的事件，故选A。 9．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这对母女见面的故事后来被媒体发现了。A. meet-up会面；B. break-up分手；C. show-off炫耀；D. take-off起飞。根据前文可知这两母女第一次在火灾现场见面，所以比较罕见，应该是媒体对她们的见面进行了报道，故选A。 10．考查动词短语辨析。句意：同上。A. helped out帮一把；B. paid for支付；C. picked up发现；D. left over剩下；推迟。根据下文“The pair said they hope it will inspire more individuals—particularly women—to become firefighters themselves.”和后面她们说的话，可知是俩人见面的事被媒体发现了，所以在媒体面前说的话，故选C。 11．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：贝尼茨说：“我很高兴能做我喜欢的工作。”A. confident有信心的；B. brave勇敢的；C. special特殊的；D. happy高兴的。根据下文“I can do the job I love”可知做自己喜欢的工作应该是高兴的，故选D。 12．考查名词词义辨析。句意：罗杰斯补充了她自己的鼓励。A. commitment忠诚；B. congratulation祝贺；C. exploration研究；D. encouragement鼓励。根据下文“Everyone should pursue his 　　13　　. And I also want other women to know you can do this job.”可知是鼓励的话，故选D。 13．考查名词词义辨析。句意：每个人都应该追求自己的热情。A. virtue美德；B. passion热情；C. education教育；D. hobby爱好。根据下文“And I also want other women to know you can do this job.”和常识可知每个人都应该有追求自己热爱的东西的热情，故选B。 14．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：只要努力工作和下定决心，这绝对是可能的，能够服务是一种巨大的荣誉。A. busy忙的；B. dangerous危险的；C. hard努力的；D. annoying令人生气的。根据下文“work and determination”可知应是努力工作，故选C。 15．考查动词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. support支持；B. appear出现；C. attempt尝试；D. serve服务。根据前文可知这母女俩都是消防员，所以能够服务是一种巨大的荣誉，故选D。 Ⅶ 应用文写作 假定你是李华，上周五你们班在公园上了一堂美术课。请你给英国朋友Chris写一封邮件分享这次经历，内容包括： （1）你完成的作品； （2）你的感想。 注意： （1）写作词数应为80个左右； （2）请按如下格式在答题纸的相应位置作答。 Dear Chris, I’m writing to share with you an art class I had in a park last Friday. __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 【答案】 Dear Chris, I’m writing to share with you an art class I had in a park last Friday. We were tasked to draw or paint something that impressed us most. Inspired by the fantastic scenery, I decided to create a watercolor painting of the small bridge over the park’s pond, surrounded by blooming flowers. The entire experience was incredibly refreshing. Being surrounded by nature not only sparked my creativity but also offered a much-needed break from the usual hustle and bustle of school life. I felt a deep sense of peace as I painted. In a word, It was not just an art class; it was a moment of connection with nature that I truly cherished. Yours, Li Hua 【解析】 【导语】本篇是应用文写作。要求考生给Chris写一封信, 分享在公园上美术课的经历。 【详解】1. 词汇积累 决定：decide→determine 整个的：entire→whole 提供：offer→provide 总之：in a word→in short 2. 句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：Inspired by the fantastic scenery, I decided to create a watercolor painting of the small bridge over the park’s pond, surrounded by blooming flowers. 拓展句：Because I was inspired by the fantastic scenery, I decided to create a watercolor painting of the small bridge over the park’s pond, which was surrounded by blooming flowers. 【点睛】[高分句型1]We were tasked to draw or paint something that impressed us most. (that引导的定语从句) [高分句型2] I felt a deep sense of peace as I painted.(as引导的时间状语从句) 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$