内容正文:
【同步100分背默】Module4 Planes, ships and trains知识清单
一.重点词句背默
Unit 1
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1.远离
2.一直;不断地
3.乘坐公交车/出租车/地铁
4.一场交通事故
5.交通阻塞
6.一点儿
7.骑自行车
8.和我一样
1.那是一个好的选择,但是有点危险。路上车太多。
That's a good , but it's a bit . There's so much .
2.你可以骑自行车上学,但是记住要一直小心。
You can ride your to school, but to be all the time.
Unit 2
1.计划做某事
2.做某事的方式
3.乘坐火车/长途汽车/船/地铁
4.预订票/旅店
5.花费某人多长时间做某事
6.和……一样多
7.等待多长时间
8.在机场
1.信息越多越好 information, .
2.这是最舒适的旅行方式,但也是最贵的。
This is the most way to but also the most .
二.易错点记忆
一.except prep.除······之外
【教材原句】But nobody was late, except me.但除了我,没有人迟到。
【常见用法】except 作介词,意为“除……之外”,强调所排除的人或事物“不包括在内”,一般表示同类人或事物之间的关系,常同nothing, all, none,nobody, any等不定代词以及 every 连用。except后面常接名词或代词,但也可接介词短语等。
All of us went to the park yesterday except Tony.昨天除了托尼我们都去公园了。
【联想拓展】①except for表示对一个人或事物做一个整体评价,然后对局部提出一点看法。
·His article is very good except for a few spelling mistakes.他的文章很好,只是有几处拼写错误。
②besides表示后面的部分包括在整体之内。
•She can speak French and Japanese besides English.除英语外,她还会讲法语和日语。
二.close adj. (距离上) 近的;接近的 adv. (距离上)接近地
【教材原句】Her home is the closest to school, so she walks.她的家离学校最近,因此她步行。
【常见用法】①close作形容词,意为“(距离上)近的;接近的;亲密的;亲近的”,常用短语为 be close to…,意为“离……近”,其反义短语为 be far from…。close还可作副词,意为“(距离上)接近地”。
②close作动词,意为“关闭”。
·My close friend's home is close to the shop. And the shop keep er usually closes it on Sunday afternoon.我密友的家离商店很近。店主通常周日下午关门。
【联想拓展】closed 作形容词,意为“关着的;关闭的”,表示状态。
三.choice的用法
教材原文That’s a good choice, but it’s a bit dangerous. 那是个不错的选择,但它有点儿危险。
choice作名词,意为“选择”。如:I have to make a choice.我必须作出选择。
拓展
—I don’t like the colour.
—Don’t worry. There is a of four different colours.
A.size B.choice C.jam D.chance
四.all the time的用法
教材原文You can ride your bike to school, but remember to be careful all the time. 你可以骑自行车去上学,但记得要时刻小心。
all the time是固定搭配,意为“一直;总是”,同always。如:
My father is busy all the time.
=My father is always busy. 我爸爸一直很忙碌。
五.plan to do sth.的用法
教材原文I am planning to travel from London to Amsterdam. 我正在计划从伦敦到阿姆斯特丹旅游。
plan to do sth.是固定搭配,意为“计划做某事”,其中plan作动词,意为“计划”。如:
They plan to visit the museum.他们打算去参观博物馆。
We plan the traditional Beijing Opera.
A.see B.to see C.seeing D.saw
六.how long引导的特殊疑问句
教材原文How long does the journey take and what is the best way to travel? 旅行要花多长时间和旅游的最佳方式是什么?
how long意为“多长时间”,用来对时间段进行提问。如:
—How long will the meeting last? 会议将会持续多长时间?
—For three hours. 三个小时。
点拨
how long的两种含义:
①多长时间;多久(表时间段)
②多长(表长度)
—How long is the pencil? 这支铅笔多长?
—It’s five centimeters. 五厘米。
— did you stay in the park yesterday?
—We stayed for two hours.
A.How much B.How many
C.How long D.How often
七.“the+比较级...,the+比较级...”的句式
教材原文The more information,the better.信息越多越好。
本句属于“the+比较级...,the+比较级...”的句式,表示“越……,就越……”。如:
The busier he is,the happier he will be.他越忙碌,就会越快乐。
The more you help others, you will be.
A.happy B.the happier
C.happiest D.happier
八.however adv.然而;但是
【教材原句】However, it will not cost as much as going by train.然而,它不会像乘火车那样花费那么多。
【常见用法】however作副词,意为“然而;但是”,表示转折。当其位于句首时,要用逗号与句子的其他部分隔开;位于句中时,其前后都要用逗号隔开;位于句末时,其前用逗号隔开。
·He thought that it was so. He was mistaken,however.他认为情况如此。可是他弄错了。
·My room is small. It is, however, very comfortable.我的房间很小,然而,它但却很舒服。
【易混辨析】however 与 but的用法区别
①从语义上看,but所表示的是非常明显的对比,转折的意味比 however强。
②从语序上看,but总是位于所引出的分句之首,而however可位于句首、句中和句末。
③从标点符号上看,but 之后一般不加逗号与后面的内容隔开,而 however常用逗号与句子其他部分隔开。
九.cost v.价钱为;花费 n.价钱;成本;代价
【教材原句】However, it will not cost as much as going by train.然而,它不会像乘火车那样花费那么多
【背例句·学搭配】
·The old dictionary cos t me fifty yuan, but I think the cost of it is more than fifty yuan.这本旧词典花了我50元,但是我认为它的价值超过50元。
搭配收藏
①sth cost(s) sb+金钱某物花了某人多少钱(通常用物作主语)
②the cost of……的价值
【易混辨析】spend, pay, take 与 cost 的用法区别
①主语不同:cost 的主语通常是事或物,不能是人;pay 和spend 的主语通常是人;take 的主语通常是形式主语 it。
②宾语不同: cost 和 pay 的宾语通常是金钱;take的宾语通常是时间或金钱;spend 的宾语则可以是时间、金钱或精力。
③句型结构不同:
sth cost(s) (sb) money某物花费(某人)多少金钱
sb pay(s) money for sth 某人买某物花费多少金钱
sb spend(s) time/money on sth 某人在某事/物上花费多少时间/金钱
sb spend(s) time/money (in) doing sth 某人在做某事方面花费多少时间或金钱
It takes sb time/money to do sth 做某事花费某人多少时间或金钱
Do you know how much Mary all these books? They only 200 yuan!
A. spent;cost B. paid for;spent
C. paid for;cost D. cost;spent
十.表示推测的句型
【教材原句】Maybe I should go to school by taxi.或许我应该坐出租车去上学。
【句式结构】①副词 maybe 放在句首,表示推测。
Maybe you are right.或许你是对的。
②情态动词may/might 表示推测,后面接动词原形,和动词原形一起构成谓语。
十一.表示请求的句型
【教材原句】Could you please tell me about the trains or ships to get there?请问你能告诉我去那里的火车或船的情况吗?
【句式结构】表示请求的常见句型有:
Could you please +do sth?
Could you +do sth?
Would you please + do sth?
Would you +do sth?
肯定回答常用“Sure./Of course./No problem./I'd love to.";否定回答常用" Sorry./I'd love to, but1…”。
—Could you please clean our yard?请问你能打扫一下我们的院子吗?
—Of course.当然可以。
三.语法点记忆
形容词和副词的最高级
【教材原句】①It's the most comfortable way, but it's also the most expensive. 那是最舒服的方式,但也是最贵的(方式)。
②He lives the farthest from school, so he takes the underground.他住得离学校最远,因此他坐地铁。
③It is the fastest and the second cheapest, but you may have to wait for hours at the airport because ofbad weather.它(乘飞机)是最快的而且是第二便宜的(交通方式),但由于恶劣的天气你可能不得不在机场等数小时。
1.含义
当将三个或三个以上的事物进行比较时,常用形容词或副词的最高级表示。
2.形容词及副词最高级的构成规则
①一般情况下,在形容词或副词后加-est,如:small→smallest。
②以重读闭音节结尾的词,如末尾只有一个辅音字母,先双写末尾的辅音字母,再加-est,
如:big→biggest。
③以不发音的字母e 结尾的单音节词,直接在其后加-st,如:large→largest。
④以“辅音字母 +y”结尾的词,先把 y变为i,再加-est,如:easy→easiest。
⑤大部分双音节和多音节单词,在单词前面加 most,如:beautiful→most beautiful。
⑥有少数形容词和副词的最高级变化是不规则的,如:good→best, bad→worst, many/much→most,
little→least, far→furthest/farthest。
3.形容词及副词最高级的用法
①“the +形容词/副词最高级(+名词) + of/in…”结构中,副词最高级前可省去定冠词the。
Tony is the tallest of the six students.托尼是这六名学生中最高的。
He runs fastest in his class.在他班里,他跑得最快。
②表示“最……之一”用“one of+the +形容词最高级 +可数名词复数形式”结构。
This is one of the most popular songs in our class.这首歌是我们班最受欢迎的歌曲之一。
③形容词或副词的最高级可与比较级进行互换。最高级可换为:“比较级 +than +any other +可数名词单数形式”或“比较级 +than +the other +可数名词复数形式”。
She is better than any other student in her class.=She is better than the other students in her class. =She is the best student in her class.她比她班里的其他学生都好。(她是班里最好的学生。)
④“the +序数词+形容词最高级 +可数名词单数形式+范围”表示“在⋯⋯范围内是第几⋯⋯”。
·Los Angeles is the second largest city in the US.洛杉矶是美国第二大的城市。
One of places for mountain climbing is the Himalayas.
A. Popular B. more popular C. the most popular
四.写作背默
一.对比不同的上学交通方式
二.对比交通方式
$$【同步100分背默】Module4 Planes, ships and trains知识清单
一.重点词句背默
Unit 1
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1.远离far from
2.一直;不断地all the time
3.乘坐公交车/出租车/地铁take the bus/taxi/underground
4.一场交通事故a road accident
5.交通阻塞heavy traffic
6.一点儿 a bit
7.骑自行车ride bikes
8.和我一样the same as me
1.那是一个好的选择,但是有点危险。路上车太多。
That's a good choice, but it's a bit dangerous. There's so much traffic.
2.你可以骑自行车上学,但是记住要一直小心。
You can ride your bike to school, but remember to be careful all the time.
Unit 2
1.计划做某事 plan to do
2.做某事的方式way to do sth.; way of doing sth.
3.乘坐火车/长途汽车/船/地铁by train/coach/
4.预订票/旅店book a ticket/ a hotel
5.花费某人多长时间做某事it takes sb.sometime to do sth.
6.和……一样多as much as
7.等待多长时间wait for+时间
8.在机场 at the airport
1.信息越多越好The more information, the better.
2.这是最舒适的旅行方式,但也是最贵的。
This is the most comfortable way to travel but also the most expensive.
二.易错点记忆
一.except prep.除······之外
【教材原句】But nobody was late, except me.但除了我,没有人迟到。
【常见用法】except 作介词,意为“除……之外”,强调所排除的人或事物“不包括在内”,一般表示同类人或事物之间的关系,常同nothing, all, none,nobody, any等不定代词以及 every 连用。except后面常接名词或代词,但也可接介词短语等。
All of us went to the park yesterday except Tony.昨天除了托尼我们都去公园了。
【联想拓展】①except for表示对一个人或事物做一个整体评价,然后对局部提出一点看法。
·His article is very good except for a few spelling mistakes.他的文章很好,只是有几处拼写错误。
②besides表示后面的部分包括在整体之内。
•She can speak French and Japanese besides English.除英语外,她还会讲法语和日语。
二.close adj. (距离上) 近的;接近的 adv. (距离上)接近地
【教材原句】Her home is the closest to school, so she walks.她的家离学校最近,因此她步行。
【常见用法】①close作形容词,意为“(距离上)近的;接近的;亲密的;亲近的”,常用短语为 be close to…,意为“离……近”,其反义短语为 be far from…。close还可作副词,意为“(距离上)接近地”。
②close作动词,意为“关闭”。
·My close friend's home is close to the shop. And the shop keep er usually closes it on Sunday afternoon.我密友的家离商店很近。店主通常周日下午关门。
【联想拓展】closed 作形容词,意为“关着的;关闭的”,表示状态。
三.choice的用法
教材原文That’s a good choice, but it’s a bit dangerous. 那是个不错的选择,但它有点儿危险。
choice作名词,意为“选择”。如:I have to make a choice.我必须作出选择。
拓展
—I don’t like the colour.
—Don’t worry. There is a of four different colours.
A.size B.choice C.jam D.chance
解析B四个选项的含义分别是:size尺码;choice选择;jam堵塞;chance机会。根据题干中的“我不喜欢这个颜色”可知,有四种不同的颜色可供“选择”,choice符合题意。
四.all the time的用法
教材原文You can ride your bike to school, but remember to be careful all the time. 你可以骑自行车去上学,但记得要时刻小心。
all the time是固定搭配,意为“一直;总是”,同always。如:
My father is busy all the time.
=My father is always busy. 我爸爸一直很忙碌。
五.plan to do sth.的用法
教材原文I am planning to travel from London to Amsterdam. 我正在计划从伦敦到阿姆斯特丹旅游。
plan to do sth.是固定搭配,意为“计划做某事”,其中plan作动词,意为“计划”。如:
They plan to visit the museum.他们打算去参观博物馆。
We plan the traditional Beijing Opera.
A.see B.to see C.seeing D.saw
解析B 根据plan to do sth.的搭配可知答案。
六.how long引导的特殊疑问句
教材原文How long does the journey take and what is the best way to travel? 旅行要花多长时间和旅游的最佳方式是什么?
how long意为“多长时间”,用来对时间段进行提问。如:
—How long will the meeting last? 会议将会持续多长时间?
—For three hours. 三个小时。
点拨
how long的两种含义:
①多长时间;多久(表时间段)
②多长(表长度)
—How long is the pencil? 这支铅笔多长?
—It’s five centimeters. 五厘米。
— did you stay in the park yesterday?
—We stayed for two hours.
A.How much B.How many
C.How long D.How often
解析C 根据答语“我们待了两个小时”可知,问句的含义是“你们昨天在公园待了多长时间?”,How long符合题意。
七.“the+比较级...,the+比较级...”的句式
教材原文The more information,the better.信息越多越好。
本句属于“the+比较级...,the+比较级...”的句式,表示“越……,就越……”。如:
The busier he is,the happier he will be.他越忙碌,就会越快乐。
The more you help others, you will be.
A.happy B.the happier
C.happiest D.happier
解析B 根据“the+比较级..., the+比较级...”的句式结构可知答案为B。
八.however adv.然而;但是
【教材原句】However, it will not cost as much as going by train.然而,它不会像乘火车那样花费那么多。
【常见用法】however作副词,意为“然而;但是”,表示转折。当其位于句首时,要用逗号与句子的其他部分隔开;位于句中时,其前后都要用逗号隔开;位于句末时,其前用逗号隔开。
·He thought that it was so. He was mistaken,however.他认为情况如此。可是他弄错了。
·My room is small. It is, however, very comfortable.我的房间很小,然而,它但却很舒服。
【易混辨析】however 与 but的用法区别
①从语义上看,but所表示的是非常明显的对比,转折的意味比 however强。
②从语序上看,but总是位于所引出的分句之首,而however可位于句首、句中和句末。
③从标点符号上看,but 之后一般不加逗号与后面的内容隔开,而 however常用逗号与句子其他部分隔开。
九.cost v.价钱为;花费 n.价钱;成本;代价
【教材原句】However, it will not cost as much as going by train.然而,它不会像乘火车那样花费那么多
【背例句·学搭配】
·The old dictionary cos t me fifty yuan, but I think the cost of it is more than fifty yuan.这本旧词典花了我50元,但是我认为它的价值超过50元。
搭配收藏
①sth cost(s) sb+金钱某物花了某人多少钱(通常用物作主语)
②the cost of……的价值
【易混辨析】spend, pay, take 与 cost 的用法区别
①主语不同:cost 的主语通常是事或物,不能是人;pay 和spend 的主语通常是人;take 的主语通常是形式主语 it。
②宾语不同: cost 和 pay 的宾语通常是金钱;take的宾语通常是时间或金钱;spend 的宾语则可以是时间、金钱或精力。
③句型结构不同:
sth cost(s) (sb) money某物花费(某人)多少金钱
sb pay(s) money for sth 某人买某物花费多少金钱
sb spend(s) time/money on sth 某人在某事/物上花费多少时间/金钱
sb spend(s) time/money (in) doing sth 某人在做某事方面花费多少时间或金钱
It takes sb time/money to do sth 做某事花费某人多少时间或金钱
Do you know how much Mary all these books? They only 200 yuan!
A. spent;cost B. paid for;spent
C. paid for;cost D. cost;spent
【答案】C
【解析】句意为:你知道玛丽买所有这些书花了多少钱吗? 它们只花了200 元。spend 意为“花费”,主语通常为人。pay for sth 意为“为某物付钱”,常用用人作主语。cost 的主语通常是物品。They 在这里指 all these books,故选 C 项。
十.表示推测的句型
【教材原句】Maybe I should go to school by taxi.或许我应该坐出租车去上学。
【句式结构】①副词 maybe 放在句首,表示推测。
Maybe you are right.或许你是对的。
②情态动词may/might 表示推测,后面接动词原形,和动词原形一起构成谓语。
十一.表示请求的句型
【教材原句】Could you please tell me about the trains or ships to get there?请问你能告诉我去那里的火车或船的情况吗?
【句式结构】表示请求的常见句型有:
Could you please +do sth?
Could you +do sth?
Would you please + do sth?
Would you +do sth?
肯定回答常用“Sure./Of course./No problem./I'd love to.";否定回答常用" Sorry./I'd love to, but1…”。
—Could you please clean our yard?请问你能打扫一下我们的院子吗?
—Of course.当然可以。
三.语法点记忆
形容词和副词的最高级
【教材原句】①It's the most comfortable way, but it's also the most expensive. 那是最舒服的方式,但也是最贵的(方式)。
②He lives the farthest from school, so he takes the underground.他住得离学校最远,因此他坐地铁。
③It is the fastest and the second cheapest, but you may have to wait for hours at the airport because ofbad weather.它(乘飞机)是最快的而且是第二便宜的(交通方式),但由于恶劣的天气你可能不得不在机场等数小时。
1.含义
当将三个或三个以上的事物进行比较时,常用形容词或副词的最高级表示。
2.形容词及副词最高级的构成规则
①一般情况下,在形容词或副词后加-est,如:small→smallest。
②以重读闭音节结尾的词,如末尾只有一个辅音字母,先双写末尾的辅音字母,再加-est,
如:big→biggest。
③以不发音的字母e 结尾的单音节词,直接在其后加-st,如:large→largest。
④以“辅音字母 +y”结尾的词,先把 y变为i,再加-est,如:easy→easiest。
⑤大部分双音节和多音节单词,在单词前面加 most,如:beautiful→most beautiful。
⑥有少数形容词和副词的最高级变化是不规则的,如:good→best, bad→worst, many/much→most,
little→least, far→furthest/farthest。
3.形容词及副词最高级的用法
①“the +形容词/副词最高级(+名词) + of/in…”结构中,副词最高级前可省去定冠词the。
Tony is the tallest of the six students.托尼是这六名学生中最高的。
He runs fastest in his class.在他班里,他跑得最快。
②表示“最……之一”用“one of+the +形容词最高级 +可数名词复数形式”结构。
This is one of the most popular songs in our class.这首歌是我们班最受欢迎的歌曲之一。
③形容词或副词的最高级可与比较级进行互换。最高级可换为:“比较级 +than +any other +可数名词单数形式”或“比较级 +than +the other +可数名词复数形式”。
She is better than any other student in her class.=She is better than the other students in her class. =She is the best student in her class.她比她班里的其他学生都好。(她是班里最好的学生。)
④“the +序数词+形容词最高级 +可数名词单数形式+范围”表示“在⋯⋯范围内是第几⋯⋯”。
·Los Angeles is the second largest city in the US.洛杉矶是美国第二大的城市。
One of places for mountain climbing is the Himalayas.
A. Popular B. more popular C. the most popular
【答案】C
【解析】根据前面的 One of 可知空处要用最高级形式,故选 C 项。
四.写作背默
一.对比不同的上学交通方式
Betty and her mum are talking about ways to go to school. Because nobody was late for school today except her. She takes the bus to school, but the traffic is very heavy. Tony takes the underground because he lives the farthest from school. Lingling walks to school, because her home is the closest to school. Daming goes by bus too, the same as her.
She wants to go to school by taxi. It’s the most comfortable way, but it’s also the most expensive. What about going by bike? Most of her classmates ride bikes to school. Her mum thinks going by bike is a good choice, but it’s a bit dangerous. Remember to be careful all the time!
二.对比交通方式
There are four ways to travel from London to Amsterdam.
First, you can go by train. It’s more relaxing than by coach, but it’s a lot more expensive.
Second, you can go by car and by ship. This is the most comfortable way to travel, but also the most expensive. Remember that parking is very expensive, so stay outside the city center and travel in by bus or train.
Third, going by coach is usually the cheapest, but in summer, the coaches sometimes get crowded. However, it will not cost as much as going by train.
Finally, you can fly/go by plane. It’s the fastest and the second cheapest. But you may have to wait for hours at the airport because of bad weather.
I hope this helps! Have a good trip!
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