2024年中考英语语法系列 2句子的种类课件

英语语法系列 –句子的种类 1 课前热身：脑筋急转弯 (不要局限于字面意思) What letter is an animal？ What letter stands for the ocean? What letter is a question? What letter is your eye? What letter is a vegetable? 句子的种类 一、陈述句 We didn’t win the match. 二、疑问句 What are you doing? 三、感叹句 What a beautiful girl she is! 四、祈使句 Sit down, please. 陈述句和疑问句 一、陈述句 用来陈述一件事实或表达说话者看法的句子叫作陈述句，句末用句号表示句子的陈述结束。陈述句分为肯定句和否定句。 肯定 句 肯定句的基本结构是“主语 + 谓语” I play basketball after school. 我放学后打篮球。 否定句 助动词/系动词/情态动词+not I don’t play basketball after school She isn’t a student. Peter can’t dance. I haven’t finished my homework yet. 考点1 there be 句型 1. There be+sb. /sth. +地点，表示“某处有某人/某物”。be动词必须和主语保持人称和数的一致。如果主语部分是两个及以上的主语，be动词一般和邻近主语在人称和数上保持一致。 There is a teacher and some students in the classroom. There are some students and a teacher in the classroom. 2. There be句型的将来时态为“there will / be going to be” There will be a sports meeting tomorrow. There is going to be a sports meeting tomorrow. 3. There be 中的be 有时可以是lie, stand, used to be, seem to be, appear to be 等，如 There used to be a tower in our village. ____________ There didn’t use to be a tower in our village. _____________ There lies a mountain in the east of the town. 4. there be +主语+动词。动词的形式 Today there are already robots _________ (work) in factories. (八上unit 7) There must be a lot of people ________ (wait) for the bus now. There are a lot of things ______ (do). I am very busy. Didn’t there? Did there? working waiting to do 1. There ___ some good advice about how to reduce（减少） air pollution on the Internet. are B. is C. have D. was 2. There ___ an art show in our school if it doesn’t rain next Wednesday. will be B. was going to be C. were going to be D. are going to be 3. There ___ a knife and fork on the table. A. seems to be B. seem to be C. are D. is seeming to be 二、疑问句 用来表示提问的句子叫作疑问句，句末用问号。疑问句包括一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句和反意疑问句四种。 用法 例句 （一）一般疑问句 Are you a student? （二）特殊疑问句 What are you doing? （三）选择疑问句 Are you a teacher or a doctor? （四）反意疑问句 Let the boy go first, will you? 特殊疑问句 用特殊疑问词引导的疑问句叫作特殊疑问句。特殊疑问词包括疑问代词、疑问副词和由疑问词构成的疑问短语。 引导词 用法 例句 常用疑 问代词 what；who；whom（who的宾格）；which哪个（些）；whose；疑问代词可以提问主语、谓语、表语或定语 What are you doing? 常用疑 问副词 when；where；how；why Where are you going tomorrow? 常用疑 问短语 what time 什么时刻； how many/much 多少； how often 多久一次； how soon 多久； how long 多长时间； how far 多远； how old 多大（年龄）； how big 多大 How far is it from here to your school? 注意：how soon 提问，in回答 How long 提问，for回答。 --How long will you stay in Beijing? --For a week. --How soon will you come back? --In a week. 考点2 疑问句 — _______ is it from Leshan to Chengdu? —I’m not sure, but it takes about two hours to get there by bus. A. How soon B. How far C. How long 【解析】选B。由答语“我不确定，但是乘车去那里大约花费两个小时。”可知对方询问的是从乐山到成都的距离，故用how far进行提问。故选B。 反意疑问句 附在陈述句后对陈述内容进行反问的句子叫作反意疑问句，也叫附加疑问句。反意疑问句前一部分是陈述句，后一部分是简短问句。陈述部分用逗号结尾，反问部分用问号结尾。例如： It’s a nice day, isn’t it? 天气不错，不是吗？ 1. 基本结构：前肯后否；前否后肯。例如： ①We have talked about it, haven’t we? 我们已经谈过这件事了，不是吗？ ②Mr. Smith isn’t at home, is he? 史密斯先生不在家，是吗？ 【温馨提示】 用法 例句 (1)疑问部分的主语必须与陈述部分的主语一致；当陈述部分的主语是名词或代词时，疑问部分要用相应的人称代词 Mr. Black comes from the UK, doesn’t he? 布莱克先生来自英国，不是吗？ Yes, he does. 是的，他是。 No, he doesn’t. 不，不是。 (2)疑问部分要与陈述部分的时态保持一致 Tom went to the cinema yesterday, didn’t he? 汤姆昨天去看电影了，不是吗？ (3)答语是肯定的用 “Yes”; 答语是否定的用 “No”。 前否后肯的反意疑问句yes译为“不”，no译为“是的” —Ann didn’t come to school last week, did she? —安上周没来上学，对吗？ —No, she didn’t. She was ill. —是的，她没来。她生病了。 —Yes, she did. I saw her at school. —不，她来了。 （2017 上海）Professor Tu Youyou never stops doing research on Chinese medicine, _____? is she B. does she C. isn’t she D. doesn’t she —His sister didn’t attend the meeting, did she? —___. I saw her at the meeting. No, she didn’t. B. Yes, she did. C. No, she did. D. Yes, she didn’t. —Mr. Wang’s never been to Canada, has he? — ___. He went there on business last week. A. No, he hasn’t B. Yes, he has C. No, he has D. Yes, he hasn’t 用法 例句 祈使句的反意疑问句 ①祈使句是肯定形式，其反意疑问句用will you或 won’t you皆可。 ②祈使句是否定形式，其反意疑问句通常只用will you构成。 ③以Let开头的祈使句构成反意疑问句时， Let’s，用shall we， 其他均用will you。 ①Be sure to write to us, will/won’t you? 一定要给我们写信，好吗？ ②Don’t smoke in the meeting room, will you? 请不要在会议室抽烟，好吗？ ③Let’s take a walk after supper, shall we? 晚饭后我们去散步，好吗？ ④Let the boy go first, will you? 让那男孩先走，好吗？ 类别 结构 例句 以what 引导 What + a/an+adj. +单数可数名词 + 主语 + 谓语！ What a beautiful mountain it is! 多么美丽的山啊！ What+adj. +复数可数名词 + 主语 + 谓语！ What great inventions he has made! 他的发明多么伟大啊！ What+adj. +不可数名词 + 主语 + 谓语！ What bad weather it is today! 今天的天气多么糟糕啊！ 以how 引导 How+adj. +a/an+可数名词单数+主语+谓语！ How clever a boy he is! 多么聪明的男孩！ How+adj. /adv. +主语+谓语！ How fast Tom runs! 汤姆跑得真快！ 考点3 感叹句 ___ carefully he writes in his notebook! A. What B. What a C. How D. How a 2. --The temperature is only 10 today. --Yes, ___ strange the weather is in Urumqi this year! A. How B. How a C. What D. What a What strange weather it is in Urumqi this year!. 四、祈使句 祈使句表达说话人对对方的劝告、叮嘱、建议、请求或命令等。主语you通常省略，谓语动词用原形，句末用感叹号或句号。表达请求或劝告时，祈使句句末或句首可以加上please表示委婉的语气。 一、肯定祈使句的表现形式 Do型 动词原形（+宾语）+其他成分 Please have a seat. 请坐。 Be型 Be+表语（名词或形容词）+其他成分 Be quiet! 安静！ Let型 Let+宾语+动词原形+其他成分 Let me help you. 让我帮助你。 二、否定祈使句的表现形式 (1)Do型和Be型的否定式都是在句首加don’t构成。例如: ①Don’t forget me! 不要忘记我！ ②Don’t be late for school! 上学不要迟到！ (2)Let型的否定式常见结构：“Don’t +let+宾语+动词原形+其他成分” Don’t let him go. (3)有些可用no开头，用来表示禁止性的祈使句。例如： No smoking! 禁止吸烟！ 句子的种类 例句 陈述句 肯定句 否定句 I am a student. He doesn’t like sports. 疑问句 一般疑问句 特殊疑问句 选择疑问句 反意疑问句 Are you a teacher? What are you doing? Do you like pink or blue? He likes English, doesn’t he? 感叹句 What 结构 How 结构 What a nice day it is! How fast he runs! 祈使句 肯定结构Be 型 Do型 Let型 否定结构 Don’t No Be silent, please. Come in! Let him go. Don’t stand here. No smoking! 课前热身：脑筋急转弯 (不要局限于字面意思) What letter is an animal？ What letter stands for the ocean? What letter is a question? What letter is your eye? What letter is a vegetable? B. C. Y. I. P $$