Unit 2 Morals and Virtues 重点单词拓展+课文词块和短语+教材金句+写作素材+课本词汇表 讲义-2023-2024学年高中英语人教版（2019）必修第三册

高中英语必修三 Unit 2课本知识 【重点单词拓展】 1.assist vt.帮助;援助→assistant n.助手;助理→assistance n.帮助 2.complain vi.&vt.抱怨;发牢骚→complaint n.抱怨 3.respond vt.回答;回复　vi.作出反应;回应→response n.反应;回答;回复 4.appoint vt.任命;委派→appointment n.任命;约定→appointed adj.约定的;指定的 5.replace vt.接替;取代;更换→replacement n.取代;代替 6.elect vt.选举;推选→election n.选举;推选;当选 7.scare vt.惊吓;使害怕　vi.受惊吓→scared adj.害怕的;对……感到惊慌或恐惧的→scary adj.令人害怕的 8.reject vt.拒绝接受;不录用→rejection n.拒绝接受;否决 9.retire vi.&vt.退休;退职;退出→retirement n.退休→retired adj.退休的 10.energetic adj.精力充沛的;充满活力的→energetically adv.精力充沛地→energy n.精力 11.memory n.记忆力;回忆→memorize vt.记忆,记住→memorable adj.难忘的;值得记忆的 12.harm n.&vt.伤害;损害→harmful adj.有害的→(反) harmless adj.无害的 13.moral adj.道德的;道义上的　n.品行;道德;寓意→morally adv.道德上;确实地→morality n.道德准则;道义 14.saving n.节省物;节省;节约;(pl.)储蓄金;存款→save vt.储蓄;攒钱 15.marriage n.结婚;婚姻→marry v.(和某人)结婚,嫁,娶→married adj.已婚的 16.majority n.大部分;大多数→major adj.主要的;重要的　n.专业　vi.主修→(反) minority n.少数;少数派 17.import n.进口;进口商品　vt.进口;输入;引进→(反) export n.出口;出口商品　vt.出口;输出;传播 18.operation n.手术;企业;经营→operate v.手术;操作;经营→operator n.操作员 19.flexible adj.灵活的;可变通的→flexibly adv.灵活地→flexibility n.灵活 20.publish vt.发表(作品);出版→publication n.出版;发表 21.sharp adj.(增长;下跌等)急剧的;锋利的;明显的→sharply adv.急剧地;尖刻地→sharpen vt.(使)变锋利 22.illustrate vt.(举例)说明;阐明;给(书或文章)加插图→illustration n.插图;阐明 【词块和短语】 P14 moral dilemma 道德困境 get / run into trouble 陷入困境；遇到麻烦 (be) eager to do sth 渴望做某事 share sth with sb 与某人分享某物/事 all the time 一直;始终 disagree with 不同意 be confused about 对......感到困惑 P15 be faced with 面临 fall down 跌倒倒塌;不尽如人意 P16 carry sb through sth 帮助某人渡过难关 be deeply affected by 深受……影响 the majority of 大多数 tuition fees 学费 would rather ...(than) 宁愿/宁可(而不) resident physician 住院医师 reject the offer 拒绝邀请 appoint sb (as) sth 任命某人为 charge very low fees 收费很低 at times 有时;间或 medical care/health 医疗 P17 play a(n) ...role in 在……中起......作用 elect sb to sth 推选某人入…… hold ...position 担任......职务 be responsible for 对......负责 treat sb as 把某人当作 be known as 以......而出名;被称作 leave sth with / to sb 把.....交给;委托 lie dying 弥留之际 tend to do sth 易于做某事;往往会发生某事 respond to 回答 complain (to sb) about / of sth (向某人)抱怨某事 a sharp increase 剧增 P18 at midnight 在午夜 medical instruments 医疗设备 give first aid 进行急救 pass away 去世 in memory of 作为对…...的纪念 P19 step by step 一步步 P20 crash into 撞上;猛撞 pick oneself up (跌倒后)爬起来;站起来 come along 到达;出现 trip over 被......绊倒 in tears 流着泪;含着泪 make an attempt to do sth 或 attempt to do sth 尝试做某事 in despair 处于绝望中 keep ...from (doing) sth 阻止......(做)某事 out of the way 不再挡路;不再碍事 with all one’s might 用尽全力 succeed in doing sth 成功做某事 belong to 属于 teach sb a lesson 给某人一个教训 P21 come across 偶然遇见;碰见 achieve one’s purpose 实现某人的目的 recommend sb/ sth to sb 推荐某人/某物给某人 give a description of 对......作说明描述. P22 (be) proud to do sth 对做某事感到自豪 (be) impressed with/ by 对…… 钦佩/有深刻的印象 attitude toward(s) / to 对……的态度 (be) satisfied with 对......满意 working conditions 工作条件 carry out/ conduct a survey 进行一项调查 in response (to) 作为(对的)回答/回应 P23 motivate sb to do sth 激励某人做某事 lie in 在于 be thankful for 感激…… end up 最终处于;最终成为 concentrate/focus on 集中精力于 P24 moral principle 道德准则 【教材金句】 1.To a person nothing is more precious than their life ...(P16)对一个人来说，没有什么比他们的生命更加珍贵了。nothing is +(形容词)比较级+than 没有什么比……更加…… 2.At age 18, instead of following the traditional path of marriage like the majority of girls, she chose to study medicine.(P16)在18岁时，她没有像大多数女孩那样走传统的结婚道路，而是选择了学医。 3.I’d rather stay single to study all my life! (P16)我宁愿一辈子单身，也要学医! 4.Thinking of all the people still in need of help, Dr Lin opened a private clinic.(P16)想到所有仍需要帮助的人，林医生开了一家私人诊所。 5.The new People’s Republic of China saw Dr Lin Qiaozhi playing a key role.(P17)新中国见证了林巧稚医生发挥出的重要作用。 6.Despite the difficult situation, Dr Bethune did whatever he could to assist the Chinese people.(P18) 尽管条件艰苦，白求恩大夫也倾尽全力来帮助中国人民。 7.I had no shoes and complained, until I met a man who had no feet.(P23)当我抱怨我没有鞋穿的时候，我却发现有人没有脚。 8.When eating fruit, think of the person who planted the tree.(P23) 饮水莫忘挖井人。 9.Be thankful for what you have; you’ll end up having more.If you concentrate on what you don’t have, you will never, ever have enough.(P23)拥有一颗感恩的心，最终你会得到更多。如果你总是对那些没有得到的东西耿耿于怀，那么你永远也不会满足。 10.Whatever you don’t like done to yourself, don’t do it to others.— Confucius (P24)己所不欲，勿施于人。—孔子 11.Loving one’s parents, loving people, loving everything in the world.—Mencius (P24) 亲亲而仁民，仁民而爱物。—孟子 12.Nothing good can come to a nation whose people only complain and expect others to solve their problems.如果一个国家的臣民只是抱怨，指望别人来解决他们的问题，那么就不会有好的事情发生在这个国家。 13．Neither she nor her friends thought about moving the stone out of the road. 她和她的朋友们都没有想到把石头从路上挪走。 【写作素材】 观点议论文 [高分句式] 01开头 1.Recently the phenomenon has become a heated topic.最近，这一现象成为了一个热门话题。 2.Recently the problem has been brought into focus.最近，这个问题引发了关注。 3.Nowadays there is a growing concern over … 现在，人们越来越关注…… 4.What calls for special attention is that … 引起特殊关注的是…… 5.It is common knowledge that …/It is well-known that … 众所周知…… 6.Many nations have been faced with the problem of … 很多国家都面临这……的问题。 7.According to a recent survey … 根据最近的研究…… 8.With the rapid development of … 随着……的快速发展。 02结尾 1.From what has been discussed / mentioned above, we may conclude that … 综上所述，我们可以得出……的结论。 2.Therefore, it is not difficult to draw / come to the conclusion that … 因此，不难得出……的结论。 3.As far as I am concerned, I agree with the latter opinion to some extent.就我而言，某种程度上我赞同后一种观点。 4.From all the reasons / consideration above, it is clear / obvious that … 综上所述，很明显，…… 5.Taking into account all these factors, we may reach the conclusion that … 综合考虑所有这些因素，我们可以得出……的结论。 6.Given the reasons / consideration I have just outlined / discussed / presented, I strongly recommend that … 鉴于我刚刚所说的，我非常赞成…… 7.All in all, what really matters is … 总之，真正关键的在于…… 8.It is essential that effective measures be taken to … 采取……的有效措施，非常有必要。 9.From what has been discussed above, we may reasonably draw the conclusion that … 综上所述，我们可以非常合理地得出……的结论。 10.As a result, we should take some effective steps to … 总之，我们应该采取有效措施来…… 11.Judging by the figures / statistics, it is not difficult to see that … 根据这些图表（数据），不难看出…… 03表反驳 1.It is true that …, but one vital point is being left out.……是对的，但一个重要的地方被忽视了。 2.There is a grain of truth in these statements, but they ignore a more important fact.这些证据（报告）中确实有部分真相，但他们忽略了一个重要事实。 3.Some people say …, but it does not hold water.有人说……，但这站不住脚。 4.Many of us have been under the illusion that … 很多人都错误地认为…… 5.A close examination would reveal how ridiculous the statement is.仔细看看就知道这说法有多可笑。 6.It makes no sense to argue for … 为……争论是没有意义的。 7.Too much stress placed on … may lead to … 过于关注……，会导致……（的错误判断）。 8.Such a statement mainly rests on the assumption that … 这种报告主要是基于……的假设。 9.Contrary to what is widely accepted, I maintain that … 和普遍的观念不同，我坚持……的观点。 10.The idea is hardly supported by facts.这种观点很难用事实来支撑。 11.Unfortunately, none of the available data shows … 很不幸，没有有效数据可以证明…… 04表证明 1.No one can deny that fact that … 没人可以否认……的事实。 2.Recent studies indicate that … 最近的研究表明…… 3.There is sufficient evidence to show that … 有充足的证据表明…… 4.According to statistics proved by …, it can be seen that … 根据……的数据，可以发现…… 05表原因 1.A number of factors are accountable for this situation / contribute to (lead to)(account for) the phenomenon (problem).一系列因素导致了这个现象（问题）。 2.The answer to this problem involves many factors.很多原因可以解释这个问题。 3.The phenomenon mainly stems from the fact that … 这个现象主要源自……的事实。 4.The factors that contribute to this situation include … 导致这个现象的原因包括…… 5.The change in … largely results from the fact that … ……的改变主要是因为……的事实。 6.Part of the explanations for it is that … 部分原因是因为…… 7.One of the most common factors (causes) is that … 最普遍的原因之一是…… 8.Another contributing factor (cause) is … 另一个原因是…… 9.Perhaps the primary factor is that … 一个可能的主要因素是…… 10.But the fundamental cause is that … 但最基本的原因是…… 【必背语法】 Grammar 动词-ing形式作宾补和状语 一．作宾补 动词-ing形式置于某些及物动词和宾语之后，补充说明宾语的动作或状态。 1.在感官动词后作宾语补足语 在see，hear，feel，watch，notice等感官动词后，表示一个正在进行的主动的动作，强调一个过程或一种状态。 In the crowded cafe, I heard a friendly voice saying, “You can share my table.” He saw a girl wandering on the street this time yesterday. 注意： see/ hear /watch/ feel/ notice+sb./ sth.+doing sth.强调动作正在进行； see/ hear/ watch/ feel/ notice+sb./ sth.+do sth.强调动作发生的全过程/全过程已经结束了。 Today on my way home, I saw a man running along the street hurriedly. I saw him enter the room and take something away. 2.在使役动词宾补结构中的使用使役动词接现在分词作宾语补足语，表示“让……一直做某事” It’s cold.We should have the fire burning all the time. I won’t have you running about in the room. 注意： 1) have/ get+sb./ sth.+done包括两层意思： ①让别人去做某事。②（主语）遭受到（意外的损失或不幸）。 have +宾语+do sth.意思是“让某人去干某事”。 1.Mother has me go to the shop to buy some fruit. 2.He had/ got his computer stolen the other day. 3.He will have/ get the computer repaired tomorrow. 2) leave/ keep +sb./ sth.done sth.（使……处于/保持某种状态） Many teachers keep parents informed of children’s performance in the kindergarten by sharing videos on WeChat. 3.现在分词在with复合结构中的使用 在with复合结构中，现在分词充当宾语补足语，表动作“正在进行”。 Does Kilimanjaro deserve its reputation as a crowded mountain with lines of tourists ruining the atmosphere of peace? 注意： 在with的复合结构中, 也可以使用不定式和过去分词作宾语补足语。 All the afternoon he worked with the door locked（表被动）. I can’t go out with all these clothes to wash（表将来）. 二．作状语 动词-ing形式可以作状语，修饰动词，表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、行为方式或伴随情况等。-ing形式作时间、原因、条件、让步状语时多位于句首；作结果、伴随情况状语时常位于句末。 1.表示时间。 Hearing these stories, I’m skeptical about the place. = When I heard these stories… 2.表示原因。 Not knowing his address, I can’t send this book to him. = Because/Since/As I don’t know his address… 3.表示结果。 His father died, leaving him a lot of money. =…, and left him a lot of money 4.表示条件。 Going straight down the road, you will find the department store. = If you go straight down the road… 5.表示让步。 Being tired, they went on working. =Although they were tired… 6.表示行为方式、伴随情况或补充说明。 He lay on the grass, staring at the sky for a long time. =…, and stared at the sky for a long time. 注意： 非谓语动词作状语时，如所提供的动词不能和句子中的主语保持一致，动词-ing形式必须有自己的逻辑主语，通常由名词或代词来担任，这就是独立主格结构。 The last bus having gone, we had to walk home. （having gone的逻辑主语是the last bus，而不是we） Weather permitting, the football match will be played on Friday. （permitting的逻辑主语是weather，而不是the football match） 【课本词汇】 1.moral ['mɒrəl ]: adj.道德的; 道义上的 n．品行; 道德; 寓意 2.virtue ['vɜːtʃuː]:n.高尚的道德; 美德; 优秀品质 3.dilemma [ dɪ'lemə]: n.进退两难的境地; 困境 face a dilemma: 面临左右为难的困境 be in a dilemma: 处于进退两难的境地 4.moral dilemma: 道德困境 5.faint [ feɪnt]: v．昏倒; 晕厥adj.不清楚的; 微弱的 6.illustrate [ 'ɪləstreɪt ]: v.(举例)说明; 阐明;给(书或文章)加插图 7.precious [ 'preʃəs ]: adj.珍稀的; 宝贵的 8.entrust [ ɪn'trʌst ]: v.委托; 交付 entrust ...to sb = entrust sb with...:把什么交付/委托某人 9.carry sb through sth: 帮助某人渡过难关 10.marriage ['mærɪdʒ]: n.结婚; 婚姻 11.majority [ mə'dʒɒrəti ]: n.大部分; 大多数 The majority + 动词单数/复数 12.complain [ kəm'pleɪn ]: v．抱怨; 发牢骚 complain about/of: 抱怨; 埋怨 13.tuition [ tju'ɪʃn ]: n.(小组)教学; 讲课 14.fee [fiː]: n.专业服务费; 报酬 15.tuition fees: 学费 16.respond [ rɪ'spɒnd]: v.回答; 回复;做出反应; 回应 respond to...: 对...回答/回应/回复 17.response [ rɪ'spɒns ]: n.反应; 回答; 回复 in response to: 作为答复;响应; 回答; 对…有反应 18.union [ 'juːniən]: n.协会; 联合会; 工会 The Students’/ Student Union: 学生会 19.scholarship ['skɒləʃɪp]: n．奖学金 20.hire [ 'haɪə(r)]: v.聘任; 雇用; 租用 n．租借; 租用 21.physician [ fɪ'zɪʃn ]: n.医师; (尤指)内科医生 22.resident physician: 住院医师 23.colleague ['kɒliːɡ]: n.同事; 同僚 24.reject [ 'riːdʒekt ]: v.拒绝接受; 不录用 reject a decision/an offer/a suggestion: 拒绝一个决定/一项提议/一个建议 reject sb./sth: 拒绝接受; 不录用; 拒收 refuse to do...: 拒绝做什么 refuse sth: 拒绝; 回绝; 推却 25.rejection [ rɪ'dʒekʃn]: n.拒绝接受; 否决 26.appoint [ə'pɔɪnt ]: v.任命; 委派 27.clinic [ 'klɪnɪk ]: n.诊所; 门诊部 28.faraway ['fɑːrəweɪ]: adj.遥远的 far away: 在远处 29.elect [ ɪ'lekt ]: v.选举; 推选 elect sb + 官衔: 选举某人为什么 elect/choose to do...: 选择做什么 30.election [ ɪ'lekʃn ]: n.选举; 推选; 当选 run for election: 参加竞选 31.decade [ 'dekeɪd ]: n.十年; 十年期 in the decade: 在这十年 in the next decade: 在下个十年 32.elsewhere [ˌels'weə(r)]: adv.在别处; 去别处 33.tend [ tend ]: v.照顾; 照料; 倾向; 趋于 34.tend to do sth: 易于做某事; 往往会发生某事 tend (to) sb/sth: 照料 tend to/toward + 名词：倾向; 趋于 35.publish [ 'pʌblɪʃ ]: v.发表(作品); 出版 publishing house: 出版社 36.staff [ stɑːf ]: n.员工; 全体职员 The staff + 动词单数/复数 37.retire [ rɪ'taɪə(r)]: v.退休; 退职; 退出 retire from...：从...退下了 retire from one’s job: 退休 a retired worker：退休工人 38.saving ['seɪvɪŋ ]: n.节省物; 节省; 节约。 (复数)储蓄金; 存款 39.kindergarten [ 'kɪndəɡɑːtn ]: n.学前班; 幼儿园 40.principle [ 'prɪnsəpl ]: n.道德原则; 法则; 原则 41.passive ['pæsɪv ]: adj.被动的; 顺从的 42.scared [skeəd ]: adj.害怕的; 对…感到惊慌或恐惧的 be scared/afraid/frightened of: 害怕 43.scare [ skeə(r)]: v.惊吓; 使害伯; 受惊吓 44.sharp [ ʃɑːp ]: adj.(增长/下跌等)急剧的; 锋利的; 明显的 45.insurance [ ɪn'ʃʊərəns ]: n.保险; 保险业 take out insurance against ...: 办理...的保险 pay insurance on...：交...的保险金 46.energetic [ˌenə'dʒetɪk]: adj.精力充沛的; 充满活力的 be full of energy: 精力充沛 47.replace [rɪ'pleɪs ]: v.接替; 取代; 更换 48.accident ['æksɪdənt ]: n.事故; 车祸; 失事 49.operation [ˌɒpə'reɪʃn]: n.手术; 企业; 经营 do an operation: 做手术 operate on/upon…: 给...动手术 50.whisper [ 'wɪspə(r)]: v.悄声说; 耳语; 低语 n.耳语(声); 低语(声); 传言; 谣传 in a whisper：悄悄地 51.midnight ['mɪdnaɪt ]: n.子夜; 午夜 at noon/midnight: 在中午/半夜 = in the middle of the day/night 52.import ['ɪmpɔːt]: n.进口; 进口商品 [ɪm'pɔːt]: v.进口; 输入; 引进 53.export ['ekspɔːt ]: n.出口; 出口商品 [ɪk'spɔːt ]: v.出口; 输出; 传播 54.pole [ pəʊl]: n.(行星的)极; 地极 the North/South Pole: 北极/南极 55.lap [læp]: n. (坐着时的)大腿部; (跑道等的)一圈 56.bite [ baɪt ]: (bit [bɪt]--bitten [ 'bɪtn ]) v.咬; 叮; 蜇 n．咬; (咬下的)一口; 咬伤 be bitten by…: 对…着迷; 热衷于 57.lip [lip]: n．嘴唇 bite one’s lip: 竭力忍住不说话; 抑制情感的流露 bite one’s tongue: 隐忍不言 58.assist [ ə'sɪst ]: v．帮助; 援助 assist sb in doing…: 帮助某人做… assit sb in/with sth: 在…方面帮助/协助某人 assist sb to do…: 帮助某人做… 59.first aid: 急救 do/make/offer/give first aid (to sb): 进行急救 first aid kit: 急救箱 60.pass away: 去世 61.chairman ['tʃeəmən ]: n.主席; 主持人; 董事长 62.memory ['meməri ]: n.记忆力; 回忆 have a good/bad memory: 有好的/差的记忆力 63.in memory of: 作为对…的纪念 64.chain [ tʃeɪn]: n.一连串(人或事); 链子; 链条 65.café ['kæfei; NAmE kæ'fei]: n.咖啡馆; 小餐馆 make coffee/tea：冲咖啡/沏茶 66.waitress ['weɪtrəs ]: n.(餐馆的)女服务员; 女侍者 67.pregnant [ 'preɡnənt]: adj.怀孕的; 妊娠的 be pregnant with…: 怀上... 68.disguise [ dɪs'ɡaɪz ]: v.装扮; 假扮; 掩盖 n.伪装; 化装用具 indisguise: 伪装; 假装; 乔装打扮 69.maple ['meɪpl ]: n.枫树; 槭树 70.cart [ kɑːt ]: n.手推车; 运货马车 71.spill [spɪl]: v.(使)洒出; (使)溢出 (spilt – spilt; spilled -- spilled) 72.trip over: 被…绊倒 73.limp [limp]: v.跛行; 一瘸一拐地走 74.tear [ tɪə(r)]: n．眼泪; 泪水 burst into tears/laughter: 大哭/笑 burst out crying/laughing: 大哭/笑 75.in tears: 流着泪; 含着泪 76.harm [hɑːm]: n./v．伤害; 损害 do harm to sb/sth = do sb/sth harm: 危害; 伤害 77.despair [ dɪ'speə(r)]: n.绝望 v.绝望; 感到无望 despair of...: 对...绝望; 丧失信心 78.in despair: 处于绝望中 79.might [maɪt ]: n.力量; 威力 80.a great deal (of + 不可数名词): 大量 a lot of = lots of = plenty of + 不可数名词/名词复数 81.fable [ 'feɪbl]: n.寓言; 寓言故事 82.court [kɔːt]: n．(网球等的)球场; 法院; 法庭 83.flexible ['fleksəbl ]: adj.灵活的; 可变通的 84.income [ 'ɪnkʌm]: n.收入; 收益 85.per [pə(r)]: prep.每; 每一 86.therefore ['ðeəfɔː(r)]: adv.因此; 所以 87.tension [ 'tenʃn]: n.紧张关系; 紧张; 焦虑 88.Peking Union Medical College:北京协和医学院 89.the Wenhai Scholarship: “文海”奖学金 90.the OB-GYN department: 妇产科(全称Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology ) 91.the People’s Republic of China (PRC):中华人民共和国 92.the National People’s Congress [ 'kɒŋɡres ]:全国人民代表大会 93.the North/South Pole: 北极/南极 94.Henry Norman Bethune: : 亨利·诺曼·白求恩[ 'henri 'nɔːmən bə'θjuːn ] 10 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$