内容正文:
Unit 6 I’m going to study computer science.
Unit6
核心话题
计划与愿望
重点词汇
1) cook n.厨师 v.烹饪;煮→(名词)cooker厨具
2) violinist n.小提琴手→(名词)violin小提琴
3) driver n.驾驶员;司机→(动词)drive开车
4) pianist n.钢琴家→(名词)piano钢琴
5) scientist n.科学家→(名词)science科学
6) educate v.教育;教导→(名词)education→(形容词)educational
7) medicine n.药;医学→(形容词)medical医疗的;医学的
8) send v.邮寄;发送→(过去式)sent
9) resolution n.决心;决定→(动词)resolve 解决;决定
10) foreign adj.外国的→(名词)foreigner外国人
11) able adj.能够→(名词)ability能力/(形容词)disable丧失能力的;残疾的
12) beginning n.开头;开端→(动词)begin开始
13) hobby n.爱好→(复数)hobbies
14) personal adj.个人的;私人的→(名词)personality
15) improve v.改进;改善→(名词)improvement
16) weekly adj.&adv. 每周的(地)→(名词)week周;星期
17) own adj.&adv. 每周的(地)→(名词)owner主人;拥有者
18) paint v.用颜料画;在...刷油漆→(名词)painting油画;绘画/(名词)painter画家;油漆匠
重点短语
1.make the soccer team 成为足球队的一员 2.grow up 长大;成熟;成长
3.a kind of 一种...... 4.be sure about 确信;对......有把握
5.different kinds of 不同种类的 6.make sure 确保;查明
7.the meaning of.......的意思 8.send... to..... 把.....寄给.......
9.make promises 做出承诺 10.sound like 听起来像
11.at the beginning of在......开始 12.try one's best 尽某人最大的努力
13.make resolutions 做决定 14.write down写下;记录下
15.take up(尤指为消遣)学着做;开始做;占据 16.have to do with 关于;与........有关系
17.forget about 忘记;忘掉 18.practice doing sth.练习做某事
19.be good at doing sth.擅长做某事 20.keep on doing sth.继续/重复做某事
21.make sb./sth.+adj.让某人/某物..... 22.make sb./sth.+n.让某人/某物成为......
23.be able to do sth.能够做某事 24.be going to do sth.打算做某事
25.finish doing sth.做完某事 26.want to do sth.想要做某事
27.too +adj./adv.+to do sth.太.......而不能做
28.help sb.(to) do sth.帮助某人做某事
重点句型
1. —What do you want to be when you grow up? 你长大后打算干什么?
—I want to be a basketball player. 我想当一名篮球运动员。
2. —How are you going to do that? 那你打算怎么做呢?
—I’m going to practice basketball every day. 我打算每天练习打篮球。
3.—Where are you going to work? 你准备去哪里工作?
—I’m going to move to Shanghai. 我准备搬到上海。
4. Resolutions are promises to yourself. 决心就是对自己的承诺。
5. They may help to make you a better person and to make your life easier. 他们将会帮助你使你更完美,使你的生活更容易。
语法
be going to的用法
写作
谈论未来的打算
考点1 grow up "长大;成熟;成长"
[教材原句] What do you want to be when you grow up? 当你长大以后,你想要成为什么?
grow up 意为"长大;成熟;成长" 是动词短语,相当于不及物动词,其后不跟宾语。
What does John want to be when he grows up? 当约翰长大了,他想成为什么?
(2)grow 的用法如下:
v. 种植;使生长,为及物动词。
v. 生长;发育;长大,为不及物动词。
v. 变得,作连系动词,后面跟形容词。
She grows roses in the greenhouse. 她在温室里栽培玫瑰花。
The watermelons grow well in warm dry climate. 温暖干燥的气候适合西瓜生长。
He is growing stronger and stronger. 他长得越来越壮。
up的相关短语:
get up 起床 pick up 采摘
give up放弃 dress up 装扮
(2)when是连词,意为"当……的时候",引导时间状语从句。when作连词时,如果主句是过去时,从句也要用过去时;如果主句是一般将来时,从句要用一般现在时,即"主将从现"。
I was short when I was 13. 我13岁的时候个子很矮。
I’ll visit you when I come back. 我回来时会去拜访你。
【经典练】
1.He ________ in a loving and warm family so he is very friendly and understanding.
A.dresses up B.grows up C.makes up D.gets up
2.Lucy is going to ________ an art teacher when she ________ up.
A.do; grow B.become; grow C.be; grows
【写作佳句】Tony is an honest boy. He wants to be a useful person when he grows up.托尼是一个诚实的男孩,他长大后想成为一个有用的人。
考点2 be going to"计划, 打算"
2. How are you going to do that?你打算如何做到?
be going to表示将要发生的动作,含有"计划, 打算"的意思, 后跟动词原形,其中be动词要与主语的人称和数一致,常跟表将来的时间连用。
He’s going to visit Australia next week. 他打算下周去参观澳大利亚。
【知识拓展】
come、go、leave、arrive、fly等表示位置转移的动词,常用现在进行时表示将要发生的动作。
Miss Yang is coming tonight. 杨老师今晚要来。
I’m leaving for Beijing tomorrow. 我明天要去北京。
【经典练】
1.There ________ an English show this weekend. Shall we go and watch it?
A.is going to be B.was
C.will have D.is going to have
【写作佳句】There are going to be two football matches in our school next Sunday.下周日我们学校将有两场足球比赛。
考点3 by
The Old Man and the Sea by Hemingway. 海明威的《老人与海》。
by作介词,此处意为“由……创作/编著/导演/作曲等”。
I read a short story by Lu Xun. 我读了鲁迅的一部短篇小说。
He likes listening to the music by Mozart. 他喜欢听莫扎特的乐曲。
【经典练】
1.The stone is used _________ a table _________ us.
A.as; by B.by; as C.as; as
【写作佳句】Every weekend Daniel likes to put up a tent by a small river and go fishing with his family.每个周末丹尼尔都喜欢在一条小河旁搭个帐篷,和家人一起去钓鱼。
考点4 keep
4. Well, I’m going to keep on writing stories, of course. 哦,当然我会继续写故事。
keep on doing sth表示经过一段时间的间隙后"继续做同一件事",后可接表动态的词,如walk、write、talk 等。还暗指不顾困难、反对、警告而"坚持"做某事。
They kept on working in the fields, though it was raining. 虽然天正在下雨,他们还是继续在田里干活。
【易混辨析】 keep on doing/ keep doing
keep on doing
表示动作的反复
This old man kept on coming to offer us hot water.
这位老人不断地给我们送热水。
keep doing
表示动作或状态的持续
He kept standing there for an hour without moving.
他在那儿一动不动地站了一个小时。
【知识拓展】
(1)keep sb(sth) doing sth让某人(物) 不断做某事
The boss kept the workers working all day. 老板让工人们整天不断地工作。
(2)keep sb/sthfrom doing sth表示 "阻止某人/物做某事"。
Be careful! Keep the glass from dropping onto the floor. 当心!防止玻璃杯掉到地板上。
【经典练】
1.I used to ________ my dream. But now I get used to ________ doing everything. I think I’ll be successful one day.
A.give up, keeping B.giving up, keeping C.giving up, keep
【写作佳句】(2023·湖北黄石·统考中考真题)Young Chinese people should keep the motherland at heart, aim high, and have their feet firmly on the ground.中国青年要胸怀祖国,志存高远,脚踏实地。
考点5 be sure about/of 确信,对……有把握
后接名词、代词或动词-ing形式,表示对客观事物有肯定的认识和判断,主语必须是人。
I am really sure about it. 对于这件事我确实有把握。
I think I can win the match. I am sure of/about it. 我认为我能赢这场比赛。我对此有把握。
【知识拓展】
(1)be sure to do sth.务必做某事;确信做某事。
I’m sure to go with you. 我确信和你一起去。
(2)be sure+that 从句,表示"肯定;确信",许多时候可与"be sure to do sth."替换。
I’m sure that I can run much faster.
=I’m sure to run much faster.
我肯定能跑得快多了。
【经典练】
1.________that you come here earlier tomorrow, or you’ll be in trouble.
A.Be sure of B.Make sure C.Be sure about D.Make sure of
【写作佳句】Make sure that you come here earlier tomorrow, or you’ll be in trouble.明天确保早点来,否则你就会有麻烦的。
考点6 make sure 确保,查明
常用于祈使句中,后面常接that(可省略)引导的宾语从句(从句不使用将来时)或of+名词(词组)/代词,意为"确保"。
Make sure (that) you lock the door when you leave. 当你离开时确保锁上门。
They scored another goal and made sure of the victory. 他们又进了一个球,这就赢定了。
【知识拓展】
make sure to do sth 务必/确保去做某事
make sure of sth 查明某事,弄清某事
【经典练】
1.Making a good study plan helps a lot. However, ______ that you can have enough time and finish it on time.
A.make sure B.care about C.feel like
2.Jim, take this map to ________ you can find the way to your hotel.
A.make sure B.find out C.think of D.bring out
【写作佳句】It is important to make sure all the waste is properly and safely dealt with.确保所有的废弃物都得到妥善和安全的处理是很重要的。
考点7 college n. 学院;大学;高等专科学校
go to college/university上大学
If you want to go to college, you must work hard. 要是你想上大学,就得好好学习。
【易混辨析】 college / university
college
指"学院,大学",一般指综合大学内部的学院。它也可指独立的学院。
She studies in a college of foreign languages. 她在一所外语学院学习。
university
意为"大学",通常指由多个学院 (college) 组成的综合性大学。
Both their children are at university. 他们的两个孩子都在上大学。
【经典练】
1.Zhang Guimei is such a great and kind teacher that she helps a lot of students go to _______.
A.village B.college C.cinema D.club
【写作佳句】(2021·江苏泰州·统考中考真题)It's reported that, in general , people with college education can make more money than those without.据报道,一般来说,受过大学教育的人比没有受过大学教育的人能赚更多的钱。
考点8 take
8. We’re going to take singing lessons.
take singing lessons上视唱课。take ... lessons 意为"上……课"。take后接动词的-ing形式。take ... lessons相当于have... lessons。
I’m taking French lessons. 我在上法语课。
【经典练】
1.I can’t leave my little son at home. I have no choice but ________ him with me.
A.take B.took C.taking D.to take
【写作佳句】(2023·辽宁抚顺·统考中考真题)The girl takes her dog for a walk along the river every evening.这个女孩每天晚上带着她的狗沿着河边散步。
考点9. education n. 教育
education为不可数名词,没有复数形式。但当有形容词修饰时,其前可用不定冠词。
a good education 良好的教育
I had twelve years of education. 我受过12年的教育。
【知识拓展】
educate v. 教育,培养
educational adj. 教育的;有教育意义的,作表语或定语。
【经典练】
1.I think Nu Wa Repairs the Sky is as ________ as Yu Gong Moves a Mountain.
A.educational B.more educational C.most educational D.the most educational
【写作佳句】Art education is highly valued in the 21st century. It teaches children to be creative, discover and enjoy beauty.在21世纪,艺术教育受到高度重视。它教导孩子们要有创造力,发现和享受美。
考点10. medicine n. 药;医学
medicine为不可数名词。吃药的"吃"可用take。
A person who wants to become a doctor has to study medicine. 一个想当医生的人得学习医学。
I want some medicine for cold. 我想要一些治疗感冒的药。
【知识拓展】
medicine n. 药 → medical adj. 医学的 → medically adv. 医学地
固定搭配:take one’s (some/the) medicine吃药
【易混辨析】 medicine / pill
medicine
"药",为不可数名词
Please remind her to take the medicine on time.
请提醒她按时吃药。
university
为可数名词,表示"药丸"
I had three pills for lunch.
午饭时我吃了三个药丸。
【经典练】
1.Kelly is going to study ________ because she wants to be a doctor.
A.cooking B.painting C.medicine D.education
2.If I had five million dollars, I’d give it to ________ research.
A.medicine B.pill C.medical D.hospital
【写作佳句】— I wish some medicine of magic could help me remember everything in class.——我希望一些魔法药物可以帮助我记住课堂上的一切。
考点11. send v. 邮寄;发送
send sb sth/send sth to sb 把某物寄送给某人
send sb to do sth 派某人去做某事
Please send me some pictures of Beijing. 请寄给我几张北京的图片。
I’ll send you a book.
=I’ll send a book to you. 我将寄给你一本书。
She sent me to pick up her son last week. 她上周派我去接她儿子。
【知识拓展】
send for 派人去请 send up 发射 (火箭、卫星、飞船等)
send away 开除,送出,解雇 send off 寄出
【经典练】
1.—________ will you tell your classmate about the news?
—By ________ an e-mail.
A.How; send B.How; sending C.What; send D.Why; sending
【写作佳句】If your friend sends you a message to borrow money, you’d better call him directly first to make sure.如果你的朋友发信息向你借钱,你最好直接打电话给他确认一下。
考点12. make the soccer team 成为足球队的一员
(1)make the soccer team“成为足球队的一员”
Would you like to make the soccer team? 你想成为足球队的一员吗?
注意:make a soccer team “组建一支足球队”
(2)team 名词,意为“队;组”,指在某个队或是某个队的队员,其前可用介词in/on。
The twin brothers are in/on the same basketball team.
这对双胞胎兄弟是统一篮球队的成员。
【知识拓展】
(1)team表示由若干人组成的“队”或“组”,具有集合意义。在句中作主语时,谓语根据情况可用单数(侧重整体)或复数(侧重个体)。
I want to know which team is the best.我想知道哪个队最好。
Their football team are playing harder. 他们的足球队员正更努力地踢球
(2)a team of后跟复数名词,表示“一组/队……”。
A team of students did it.一群学生做了这件事。
【写作佳句】I like music very much and next year I am going to play an instrument.我非常喜欢音乐,明年我打算弹奏乐器。
考点13 sound
Sound interesting. 听起来很有趣。
sound此处用作连系动词,意为“听起来好像”,后常接形容词作表语。常见搭配sound like表示“听起来像”。
The music sounds very beautiful. 音乐听起来很优美。
【知识拓展】
sound还可作名词,表示“声音”。
I fell asleep listening to the sound of the wind. 听着风声我睡着了。
【经典练】
1.—Let’s go to the park on Sunday morning.
—_______. We can play tennis and have a good time.
A.Not at all B.You’re welcome C.That Sounds good D.Thank you very much
【写作佳句】(2021·黑龙江鸡西·统考中考真题)In the past people didn’t know that light travels faster than sound.过去人们不知道光比声音传播得快。
考点14 be able to"能够"
3. Were you able to keep them?
be able to表示"能够",相当于 can,常用来表示 can不能表达的将来时或完成时的情况,可用于各种时态。
He will be able to finish reading the book next week.
他下周将能读完这本书。
【易混辨析】
can / be able to
(1) can"能",表示过去或现在"能力所及"时,与be able to 通用。
He can / is able to speak German. 他会说德语。
I could / was able to run very fast when I was a boy. 我小时候就跑得很快。
(2) be able to的过去式还可表示一种"经过努力做到了"的意思。而can的过去式则没有这种意义。
He started late, but he was able to catch the train. 他出发晚了,但他还是赶上了火车。
(3) can通常只用于过去或现在两种时态,而be able to 则可用于各种时态。
He has not been able to come since he got hurt. 自从受伤以后,他就一直未能前来。
(4)在表示猜测时,只能用can,而不能用be able to。
That can’t be your bag. 那不可能是你的书包。
【经典练】
1.We are sure that we ________ finish the work ahead of time with the teacher's help.
A.can be able B.can be able to
C.will be able D.will be able to
2.Finish your homework first, and then you will ________ watch TV for an hour.
A.can B.be able to C.able to D.could
3.Don’t worry, Jim. In a week, the baby ________ move freely.
A.will can B.are able to C.will be able to D.could
【写作佳句】Maybe we will be able to live on another planet with the development of space technology.—也许随着太空技术的发展,我们将能够生活在另一个星球上。
考点15. promise n. 承诺;诺言
v. 许诺; 承诺;保证
make a promise/promises 允诺
keep a /one’s promise 遵守诺言,信守承诺
break a /one’s promise违背诺言
promise to do sth答应做某事
promise sbto do sth答应某人做某事
promise sb sth答应某人某事
If you make a promise, you should keep it. 如果你许诺了,你就要遵守你的诺言。
My teacher promised to help us. 我老师答应要帮助我们。
You must promise me to be early tomorrow morning. 你必须答应我明天早上早点。
【经典练】
1.—I’m afraid I can’t go to the movies with you today.
—But you ________ me yesterday.
A.promised B.refused C.trusted D.believed
2.My sister ________ herself that she is going to study hard and get good grades next term.
A.promises B.takes C.keeps D.expects
【写作佳句】Tom made a(n) promise to his mother that he would never play computer games at night.汤姆向他妈妈许下承诺,他不会在晚上玩电脑游戏。
考点16. at the beginning of “在……开始”
beginning在此作名词,意为“开头,开端”。
At the beginning of this term, I found it hard to learn math. 这学期初,我发现学习数学很难。
You can find this sentence at the beginning of this article. 你会在文章开头找到这个句子。
【知识拓展】
(1)at the beginning“起初”。
I disliked this dog at the beginning. 起初我不喜欢狗。
(2)from beginning to end“从头到尾”。
I have read this book from beginning to end. 我从头到尾读了这本书。
【经典练】
1.When we make resolutions ______ the year, we hope we are going to improve our lives.
A.at the end of B.at the beginning of C.in the beginning
2.The year 2021 is around the corner. We need to plan ________ our study and life ________ the beginning of the year.
A.to; at B.for; at C.for; in
【写作佳句】When we make resolutions at the beginning of the year, we hope that we are going to make our lives better.当我们在年初下定决心时,我们希望我们将使我们的生活更好。
考点17. improve v. 改进;改善
improve此处用作及物动词,意为"改进;改善",还可用作不及物动词。
I want to improve my English. 我想要提高我的英语(水平)。
The weather is beginning to improve. 天气开始好转了。
【注意】
improve相当于make ... better,已包含better之义,再加上个better,即属赘余。
我们希望改进我们的工作。
误:We hope to improve our work better.
正:We hope to improve our work.
【知识拓展】
improve名词形式为improvement
self-improvement 自我改进;自我提高
【经典练】
1.—Some Chinese government officers have turned into livestreamers (网络主播).
—Yes. They’re trying their best to help local farmers ________ product sales.
A.provide B.improve C.afford D.suggest
【写作佳句】Doing sports is one of the best ways to improve your physical health.运动是改善身体健康的最好方法之一。
考点18.have to do with关于;与……有关系
7. Many resolutions have to do with self-improvement.
have to do with关于;与……有关系。这个句型表示与某事、某人有牵连,有关系,有瓜葛。
What does this have to do with me? 这跟我有什么关系?
I had nothing to do with the murder. I was at home all night. 我跟那谋杀一点关系都没有。我整晚都在家。
【知识拓展】
have nothing to do with 与……没关系
My brother has nothing to do with the fight. 我弟弟和打架没关系。
【经典练】
1.As the problem of water pollution is more and more serious, scientists are discussing ________ it.
A.how to do with B.what to deal with C.how to deal with
【写作佳句】Resolutions usually have to do with better planning, but sometimes they may be too difficult to keep.决心通常与更好的计划有关,但有时它们可能太难坚持。
考点19.take up"学着做;开始做;从事"
8. …they are going to take up a hobby like…
take up指"学着做;开始做;从事"。后面可接名词或动名词。
He had studied Japanese for a year and a half before he took up English. 他开始学习英语之前已经学一年半日语了。
He took up football when he was 6 years old. 他六岁时就开始学踢足球了。
The young girl wants to take up teaching English to little kids. 这个年轻的姑娘想开始从事幼儿英语教学。
【知识拓展】
take up还有"占用时间或空间"之意。
Learning English takes up a lot of my time. 学英语占了我许多时间。
That big table takes up too much room. 那张大桌子占的地方太大了。
【经典练】
1.—The teacher asked us to ________ the main ideas from the text.
—I think we should also take notes for the exam.
A.take off B.take down C.take up D.take on
【写作佳句】In order to make my life more colorful, I plan to take up a new hobby like painting or growing flowers when I am free.为了让我的生活更加丰富多彩,我计划在空闲时养成一个新的爱好,比如画画或种花。
考点20.too…to…是"太……以致不能……"
9. Sometimes the resolutions may be too difficult to keep.
too…to…是"太……以致不能……",to是不定式符号,后接动词原形,该句式虽没有否定词not/no,但表达否定意义,若逻辑主语是动作的执行者,则需用 for 引出。
English is too difficult for me to read. 对我来说英语太难了。
【知识拓展】
(1) too…to…可转化为复合句 so…that…句型,此时that从句的谓语动词要用否定形式。
The problem is too difficult for me to work out.
=The problem is so difficult that I can’t work it out.
(2) too…to…还可转化为"not+形容词/副词+enough to do",其中形容词/副词是句型too…to…中形容词/副词的反义词。
His son is too young to go to school.= His son is not old enough to go to school.
【经典练】
1.What a pity! Mr. Chen is ________ busy to come to our home for dinner.
A.so B.too C.very
【写作佳句】(2022·江苏宿迁·统考中考真题)Jack always gives his friends help when they need it, because he “ A friend in need is a friend ”.杰克总是在朋友需要的时候给他们帮助,因为他“患难见真情”。
考点21. discuss v. 讨论,商量。
discuss sth. with sb. 和某人讨论某事
We discussed our plans for the new term. 我们讨论了我们的新学期计划。
You needn’t discuss this matter with me. 你不必和我讨论这件事。
注意:
discuss一般不直接跟动词不定式作宾语,但可跟“疑问词+动词不定式”结构或疑问词引导的从句
They are discussing how to do it.他们在讨论怎么做这件事。
【经典练】
1.Let’s have an ________ about which cinema to go to this Sunday.
A.education B.discussion C.example D.character
【写作佳句】When you have problems in your study or life, you can discuss them with your teacher.当你在学习或生活中有问题时,你可以和你的老师讨论。
考点22. own adj. & pron. 自己的
(1)own作形容词时,意为"自己的",一般放在物主代词之后,用以强调"某人自己的"。
Every dance has its own rhythm. 每个舞蹈都有它自己的节奏。
I saw it with my own eyes. 我亲眼看见的。
I decided to have my own shop. 我决定开一家我自己的店。
(2)own作代词时,意为"自己;亲身",常用于下列短语中:
①of one’s own意为"属于某人自己的",of前常为名词或不定代词。
We have no house of our own. 我们没有自己的房子。
He has nothing of his own now. 他现在一无所有。
②on one’s own意为"独自,单独;独立地",在句中作状语。
He didn’t get any help and had to complete the work on his own. 他没有得到任何帮助,不得不独自完成 这项工作。
③with one’s own意为"用某人自己的",own后接名词。
Remember to do everything with your own ideas. 记得用你自己的想法去做每一件事。
【知识拓展】
(1)own还可作动词,意为"拥有",不用于进行时。
Many people own a car now. 现在很多人都有车。
(2)owner n. 物主;所有权人;主人
He’s the owner of this house. 他是这栋房子的主人。
【经典练】
1.Mary ________ a company. That is to say, the company is ________ company.
A.own; own her B.own; her own
C.owns; her own D.owns; own her
2.This is my ________ car. I bought it by myself.
A.owner B.own C.owning D.owned
【写作佳句】We are sure that you can do it on your own.我们相信你能靠自己做到。
一.语法精讲——be going to 的用法
含be going to的一般将来时
一、语法概述
“be going to+动词原形”结构可以表示将来,多用于口语中。be going to是一般将来时态的一种表现形式,表示将来某个时间将要发生的动作或存在的状态,意为“打算做某事”。be动词随主语的人称和数的变化而变化。
二、be going to的用法
1.be going to主要用于以下两种情况:
(1)表示事先经过考虑、安排打算要做的事情,非临时想法。
Eg.I'm going to study medicine at a university. 我将在读大学的时候学习医学。
(2)表示根据某种迹象判断,某事非常有可能发生。(常用于判断天气情况)
Eg.Look at those clouds. It's going to rain. 看那些云,马上要下雨了。
2.be going to与表示将来的时间状语连用,如this evening, tomorrow, the day after tomorrow(后天), next week/month/year, soon等,也可以与when, before, after, until 等引导的时间状语连用。
Eg.She’s going to watch TV this evening. 她打算今天晚上看电视。
He is going to be an engineer when he grows up. 他打算长大后当一名工程师。
三、be going to的句式结构
肯定句
主语+be going to+动词原形+其他.
I am going to play basketball.我打算去打篮球。
否定句
主语+be not going to+动词原形+其他.
I am not going to play basketball.我不打算去打篮球。
一般疑问句及其肯定、否定回答
Be+主语+going to+动词原形+其他?
肯定回答:Yes, 主语+be.
否定回答:No, 主语+be not.
—Are you going to play basketball?
你打算去打篮球吗?
—Yes, I am.是的,我打算去。
No, I’m not.不,我不打算去。
特殊疑问句
特殊疑问词+be+主语+going to+动词原形+其他?
Where are you going to play basketball?
你打算去哪儿打篮球?
【特别提醒】当特殊疑问词是who时,特殊疑问句句式为:特殊疑问词(Who)+be going to+动词原形+其他?
四、含be going to的there be句型:表示“某地将会有……”。
1.There is going to be+单数主语+时间状语. (主语是可数名词单数或不可数名词)
Eg.There is going to be a sports meeting next week.
2.There are going to be+复数主语+时间状语.(主语是可数名词复数)
Eg.There are going to be two English speech contests next month.
2. 写作主题:计划与愿望
一、话题分析
与本单元话题相关的书面表达一般是谈论未来的打算。能用be going to,want to,hope to,expect to,be ready to,plan to谈论未来生活的计划与愿望,内容包括未来想要从事的职业或梦想及怎样实现梦想。在写作过程中,学生应做到以下几点:
1.能描述自己的梦想或目标,并介绍为实现这一梦想或目标而制定的计划;
2.叙述要有条理,先叙述未来的计划和打算,再叙述打算采取的行动,在谈论行动时要分清主次且按先后顺序进行;
3.恰当使用be going to结构。
二、词汇积累
1. cook 厨师
2. engineer 工程师
3. violinist 小提琴手
4. pianist 钢琴家
5. pilot 飞行员
6. computer programmer 计算机程序设计员;编程人员
7. take up 开始从事;占用
8. grow up 成熟;长大
9. make sure 确保;查明
10. be sure about 确信;对……有把握
11. be able to 能够做某事
12. have to do with 关于;与……有关系
13. make the soccer team 组建足球队
14. get lots of exercise 多进行体育锻炼
15. practice basketball every day 每天练习打篮球
16. eat healthier food吃更健康的食物
17. learn education/medicine/computer science学习教/医药/电脑科学
18. be good at writing stories 擅长写故事
19. take singing / acting lessons 上唱歌/表演课
20. learn another foreign language 学习另一种外语,学习第二外语
三、句型积累
1. I am going to be a writer, because I like reading storybooks. 我要成为一名作家,因为我喜欢读故事书。
2. I’m going to exercise more and eat less junk food. 我打算多多锻炼并少吃垃圾食品。
3. It’s not easy to become a doctor, so I make a plan for it.
4. I will limit the time I spend watching TV to one hour per day. 我打算限制我看电视的时间至每天一小时。
5. I plan to get more exercise to improve my physical health.
6. To get into the best medical school, I need to get good grades. 为了进入最好的医科大学,我需要取得好成绩。
7. I am going to try my best to make my dream come true.
8. I want to he an engineer. 我想当一名工程师。
9. I’m going to practice basketball every day. 我打算每天练习篮球
10. I’m going to keep on writing stories. 我打算坚持写故事。
11. Many resolutions have to do with self-improvement. 许多决心和自身提高有关系。
典例赏析:
根据汉语提示及要求,以“My dream job”为题用英语写一篇短文。
提示: 1. 你想成为一名记者;
2. 你打算给报纸、杂志写文章;
3. 高中毕业后想去北京上大学;
4. 想在一家电台工作并环游世界。
要求: 1. 条理清楚,语句通顺,语法正确,书写规范;
2. 提示内容全部体现在文章中;
3. 不少于80词。
My dream job
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Unit 6 I’m going to study computer science.
1、 重点短语
grow up 长大;成熟;成长 computer programmer 计算机程序设计员
be sure about 确信;对……有把握 make sure 确保;查明
make the soccer team 成为足球队的一员 be able to do sth 能够做某事
at the beginning of 在……开始 write down 写下;记录下
have to do with 关于;与……有关系 take up 开始做;学着做 different kinds of 不同种类的 make promises 做出承诺
make resolutions 做决定 try one’s best 尽某人最大的努力
二、用法
1.cook n.厨师
【拓展】(1)cooker n.厨具
(2)cook sb.sth.=cook sth. for sb.给某人做饭
(3)do some cooking 做饭
2.driver是以动词drive加词尾-r构成的指人的名词。
英语中还有很多指人的名词是以动词加词尾-er构成的,常见的有:worker, teacher, singer, player等等。以动词加词尾-or构成的常见名词有:actor, author, visitor, sailor, inventor等等。
3.(1)keep on doing sth.继续做某事(表示动作反复,间歇)
(2)keep sb.(sth.)doing sth.让某人(物)不断做某事(持续)
4.sure adj.确信的;其主要用法如下:
(1)be sure + about /of +名词、代词或动名词,意为“确信;对……有把握”。
(2)be sure +动词不定式,意为“务必做某事;一定做某事”。
(3)be sure +宾语从句,意为“肯定;确信”。
(4)make sure +that宾语从句或动词不定式,意为“确保;查明”。
5. try one’s best 相当于do one’s best意为“尽力”。
6. Not everyone knows what they want to be.不是每个人都知道他们想要做什么。
英语中all, both, every, everyone等词与not, no连用时,表示的是部分否定,而非全部否定。
如:Not everyone in our class likes football.我们班不是每个同学都喜欢足球。
7.college与 university的区别
两者均有“学院,大学”之意。college 多指大学内的学院,分科学院或科目较少的高等学校;university 主要指综合性大学,一般由多个学院组成,
如: Beijing University。当泛指大学时通常用college表示。
8.education
(1)用作名词,意为“教育”。 如:school education学校教育
(2)形容词形式为educational。
如:an educational film一部很有教育意义的电影
9.medicine
(1) medicine是名词, 意为“药;医学”。 如:take some medicine 吃药
(2)形容词形式为medical,意为“医学的,医疗的”,如:medical team医疗队
10.send
(1)send是动词,意为“邮寄;发送”,其过去式为sent,
常用于短语send sb.sth.= send sth. to sb. 如:
Who sent Bill the tie?=Who sent the tie to Bill?谁送比尔这条领带的?
(2)与send有相同用法的常见动词还有give, pass, lend, offer等等,但是动词buy, get, make,cook等常与介词for连用。即:buy sb.sth.= buy sth. for sb.
(3)send sb. to sp. 派遣某人到某地
(4) send sb to do sth. 派某人做某事
(5) send up 发射;使上升
(6) send away 开除;赶走
(7) send for 派(人)去请
(8) send a letter/ message 邮寄信,发送消息
11.resolution
(1)作不可数名词,意为“坚决;决心;果断”。如:
He showed great resolution to us.他向我们展示了他巨大的决心。
(2)作可数名词,意为“决议;决定;决心要做的事”。 如:
His father often makes a resolution to stop smoking.他爸爸经常下决心戒烟。
12.make the soccer team组建足球队
(1)make 在此处用作动词,意为“组织”。指建一支球队时,make可以用start替换,可以说成start the soccer team。
(2)make后面还常接不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语,make sb.do sth.意为“使某人做某事”。
(3)make 后面还可接形容词作宾语补足语,常用于make sb./sth.+adj.
如:make me happy使我高兴
13.foreign
(1)作形容词,意为“外国的”。 如:his foreign friends他的外国朋友
(2)其名词形式是foreigner,意为“外国人”。
如:a foreigner from Europe来自欧洲的外国朋友
14. sound like“听起来像”,后接名词或代词。
【拓展】
(1)sound v.听起来,后接形容词作表语。
(2)sound n.声音,指自然界的声音。
15.辨析can与be able to
(1)can为情态动词,无人称和数的变化,过去式为could。当表示请求、允许及猜测时,只能用can,当表示现在或过去的能力时,can/ could和be able to可通用。
(2)be able to do sth. 有人称、时态和数的变化。
16. promise (1)n.承诺;诺言
1)make a promise to sb.=make promises to sb.向某人许诺
2)keep/break one’s promise 保守/打破诺言
(2)v.许诺;承诺
1)promise sb.sth.= promise sth.to sb.答应某人某事……
2)promise sb.to do sth.答应某人做某事
3)promise to do sth. 答应做某事
3)promise +that宾语从句 许诺(答应)……
17.improve
(1)用作动词,意为“改进;改善”。如:
improve my spoken English提高我的英语口语
(2)名词形式为improvement。self-improvement 自我改进,自我提高;
18.write down
write down是“动词+副词”构成的动副型短语,名词宾语位于write down之间或后面皆可,代词宾语必须置于write down之间。如:
write down your name=write your name down写下你的名字
write it down写下它
19.(1)have to do with关于;与……有关系
(2)have nothing to do with 与……没有关系
20.own adj.& pron.自己的;本人的
【拓展】own v.拥有;占有;owner n.所有者;物主
21. take up 学着做,开始做 ;占用时间或者空间
(1)take up+V-ing/名词;
22. 辨析:at the beginning of 与in the beginning
(1)at the beginning of ,可以指时间,也可以指位置,指时间(着重于一点),意为“在...之初”,指位置时,意为“在....的起点”。
(2)in the beginning 仅指时间(着重于时间段),意为“起初,在初期”,相当于at first,其后不能接of短语,常做状语。
23. too....to.... 太....而不能
(1)too+adj./adv.+for sb.to+V原;
如:The question is too difficult for me to answer.
3、 语法
一般将来时的用法(一)
1.一般将来时的定义
一般将来时表示在将来某一个时间将要发生的动作或存在的状态,也可以表示打算好在将来要去做的动作。一般将来时主要有两种表示形式:“will+动词原形”和be going to结构。本单元主要介绍be going to结构。
2.be going to结构的基本句型
肯定句:主语+am (is,are) +going to do.
否定句:主语+ am (is,are) +not +going to do.
一般疑问句:Am( is,are)+主语+ going to do?
肯定回答:Yes,主语+ am (is,are).
否定回答:No,主语+ am (is,are) +not.
如:Jim is going to take part in the school trip next Sunday.
Jim isn’t going to take part in the school trip next Sunday.
Is Jim going to take part in the school trip next Sunday?
Yes,he is./No,he isn’t.
3.一般将来时的判断
(1)句中有表示将来时间的状语时,用一般将来时。这样的时间状语有:
①“tomorrow一家” 如:tomorrow morning, at five o’clock tomorrow afternoon
②“next一家” 如:next week, at four next Friday afternoon
③“this一家” 如:at the end of this month
温馨提示:this morning常用于一般过去时。
④表示将来的短语或日期。如:soon, from now on, in the future, in a few days’ time, in a moment, in the year 2016。如:
The famous singer is going to have a concert next month.那个有名的歌手下个月将举办演唱会。
Her parents are going to buy a car at the end of this year.她的父母今年年底将买车。
(2)有迹象表明或从句意判断出某一动作或状态是在将来发生或存在的,也用将来时。如:
The boys are putting their books and pens in their backpacks. I think they are going to walk home.那些男孩们正在把书和钢笔放进他们的背包里。我想他们将步行回家。
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Unit 6 I’m going to study computer science.
Unit6
核心话题
计划与愿望
重点词汇
1) cook n.厨师 v.烹饪;煮→(名词)cooker厨具
2) violinist n.小提琴手→(名词)violin小提琴
3) driver n.驾驶员;司机→(动词)drive开车
4) pianist n.钢琴家→(名词)piano钢琴
5) scientist n.科学家→(名词)science科学
6) educate v.教育;教导→(名词)education→(形容词)educational
7) medicine n.药;医学→(形容词)medical医疗的;医学的
8) send v.邮寄;发送→(过去式)sent
9) resolution n.决心;决定→(动词)resolve 解决;决定
10) foreign adj.外国的→(名词)foreigner外国人
11) able adj.能够→(名词)ability能力/(形容词)disable丧失能力的;残疾的
12) beginning n.开头;开端→(动词)begin开始
13) hobby n.爱好→(复数)hobbies
14) personal adj.个人的;私人的→(名词)personality
15) improve v.改进;改善→(名词)improvement
16) weekly adj.&adv. 每周的(地)→(名词)week周;星期
17) own adj.&adv. 每周的(地)→(名词)owner主人;拥有者
18) paint v.用颜料画;在...刷油漆→(名词)painting油画;绘画/(名词)painter画家;油漆匠
重点短语
1.make the soccer team 成为足球队的一员 2.grow up 长大;成熟;成长
3.a kind of 一种...... 4.be sure about 确信;对......有把握
5.different kinds of 不同种类的 6.make sure 确保;查明
7.the meaning of.......的意思 8.send... to..... 把.....寄给.......
9.make promises 做出承诺 10.sound like 听起来像
11.at the beginning of在......开始 12.try one's best 尽某人最大的努力
13.make resolutions 做决定 14.write down写下;记录下
15.take up(尤指为消遣)学着做;开始做;占据 16.have to do with 关于;与........有关系
17.forget about 忘记;忘掉 18.practice doing sth.练习做某事
19.be good at doing sth.擅长做某事 20.keep on doing sth.继续/重复做某事
21.make sb./sth.+adj.让某人/某物..... 22.make sb./sth.+n.让某人/某物成为......
23.be able to do sth.能够做某事 24.be going to do sth.打算做某事
25.finish doing sth.做完某事 26.want to do sth.想要做某事
27.too +adj./adv.+to do sth.太.......而不能做
28.help sb.(to) do sth.帮助某人做某事
重点句型
1. —What do you want to be when you grow up? 你长大后打算干什么?
—I want to be a basketball player. 我想当一名篮球运动员。
2. —How are you going to do that? 那你打算怎么做呢?
—I’m going to practice basketball every day. 我打算每天练习打篮球。
3.—Where are you going to work? 你准备去哪里工作?
—I’m going to move to Shanghai. 我准备搬到上海。
4. Resolutions are promises to yourself. 决心就是对自己的承诺。
5. They may help to make you a better person and to make your life easier. 他们将会帮助你使你更完美,使你的生活更容易。
语法
be going to的用法
写作
谈论未来的打算
考点1 grow up "长大;成熟;成长"
[教材原句] What do you want to be when you grow up? 当你长大以后,你想要成为什么?
grow up 意为"长大;成熟;成长" 是动词短语,相当于不及物动词,其后不跟宾语。
What does John want to be when he grows up? 当约翰长大了,他想成为什么?
(2)grow 的用法如下:
v. 种植;使生长,为及物动词。
v. 生长;发育;长大,为不及物动词。
v. 变得,作连系动词,后面跟形容词。
She grows roses in the greenhouse. 她在温室里栽培玫瑰花。
The watermelons grow well in warm dry climate. 温暖干燥的气候适合西瓜生长。
He is growing stronger and stronger. 他长得越来越壮。
up的相关短语:
get up 起床 pick up 采摘
give up放弃 dress up 装扮
(2)when是连词,意为"当……的时候",引导时间状语从句。when作连词时,如果主句是过去时,从句也要用过去时;如果主句是一般将来时,从句要用一般现在时,即"主将从现"。
I was short when I was 13. 我13岁的时候个子很矮。
I’ll visit you when I come back. 我回来时会去拜访你。
【经典练】
1.He ________ in a loving and warm family so he is very friendly and understanding.
A.dresses up B.grows up C.makes up D.gets up
【答案】B
【详解】句意:他成长在一个充满爱和温暖的家庭,所以他非常友好和理解。
考查动词短语。dresses up打扮;grows up成长;makes up编造;gets up起床。根据“... in a loving and warm family” 可知,此处是介绍他成长的环境,故选B。
2.Lucy is going to ________ an art teacher when she ________ up.
A.do; grow B.become; grow C.be; grows
【答案】C
【详解】句意:露西长大后想当一名美术老师。
考查动词辨析及主谓一致。do做;become变成;be成为。根据“Lucy is going to ... an art teacher”可知,是指成为一名老师,用become或be;由“when she ... up.”可知,主语是三单she,谓语动词用三单grows。故选C。
【写作佳句】Tony is an honest boy. He wants to be a useful person when he grows up.托尼是一个诚实的男孩,他长大后想成为一个有用的人。
考点2 be going to"计划, 打算"
2. How are you going to do that?你打算如何做到?
be going to表示将要发生的动作,含有"计划, 打算"的意思, 后跟动词原形,其中be动词要与主语的人称和数一致,常跟表将来的时间连用。
He’s going to visit Australia next week. 他打算下周去参观澳大利亚。
【知识拓展】
come、go、leave、arrive、fly等表示位置转移的动词,常用现在进行时表示将要发生的动作。
Miss Yang is coming tonight. 杨老师今晚要来。
I’m leaving for Beijing tomorrow. 我明天要去北京。
【经典练】
1.There ________ an English show this weekend. Shall we go and watch it?
A.is going to be B.was
C.will have D.is going to have
【答案】A
【详解】句意:这个周末将有一场英语演出。我们去看好吗?
考查there be句式和一般将来时。根据“There...an English show this weekend. Shall we go and watch it?”可知,此处是there be句式,故排除C和D;句子应用一般将来时,is going to be符合语境。故选A。
【写作佳句】There are going to be two football matches in our school next Sunday.下周日我们学校将有两场足球比赛。
考点3 by
The Old Man and the Sea by Hemingway. 海明威的《老人与海》。
by作介词,此处意为“由……创作/编著/导演/作曲等”。
I read a short story by Lu Xun. 我读了鲁迅的一部短篇小说。
He likes listening to the music by Mozart. 他喜欢听莫扎特的乐曲。
【经典练】
1.The stone is used _________ a table _________ us.
A.as; by B.by; as C.as; as
【答案】A
【详解】句意:石头被我们当做桌子使用。
考查介词用法。as作为,by被。be used as表示“被当作……”,为固定搭配,再根据“is used”可知,本句为一般现在时的被动语态,故第二个空需by“被”。故选A。
【写作佳句】Every weekend Daniel likes to put up a tent by a small river and go fishing with his family.每个周末丹尼尔都喜欢在一条小河旁搭个帐篷,和家人一起去钓鱼。
考点4 keep
4. Well, I’m going to keep on writing stories, of course. 哦,当然我会继续写故事。
keep on doing sth表示经过一段时间的间隙后"继续做同一件事",后可接表动态的词,如walk、write、talk 等。还暗指不顾困难、反对、警告而"坚持"做某事。
They kept on working in the fields, though it was raining. 虽然天正在下雨,他们还是继续在田里干活。
【易混辨析】 keep on doing/ keep doing
keep on doing
表示动作的反复
This old man kept on coming to offer us hot water.
这位老人不断地给我们送热水。
keep doing
表示动作或状态的持续
He kept standing there for an hour without moving.
他在那儿一动不动地站了一个小时。
【知识拓展】
(1)keep sb(sth) doing sth让某人(物) 不断做某事
The boss kept the workers working all day. 老板让工人们整天不断地工作。
(2)keep sb/sthfrom doing sth表示 "阻止某人/物做某事"。
Be careful! Keep the glass from dropping onto the floor. 当心!防止玻璃杯掉到地板上。
【经典练】
1.I used to ________ my dream. But now I get used to ________ doing everything. I think I’ll be successful one day.
A.give up, keeping B.giving up, keeping C.giving up, keep
【答案】A
【详解】句意:我曾经放弃过我的梦想。但现在我习惯了持续做任何事情。我认为我总有一天会成功的。
考查非谓语动词。give up放弃;keeping保持,keep的ing形式;keep保持,动词原形。根据used to do sth“过去常常做某事”可知,第一个空格用动词原形;根据get used to doing sth“习惯于做某事”可知,第二个空格填keeping。故选A。
【写作佳句】(2023·湖北黄石·统考中考真题)Young Chinese people should keep the motherland at heart, aim high, and have their feet firmly on the ground.中国青年要胸怀祖国,志存高远,脚踏实地。
考点5 be sure about/of 确信,对……有把握
后接名词、代词或动词-ing形式,表示对客观事物有肯定的认识和判断,主语必须是人。
I am really sure about it. 对于这件事我确实有把握。
I think I can win the match. I am sure of/about it. 我认为我能赢这场比赛。我对此有把握。
【知识拓展】
(1)be sure to do sth.务必做某事;确信做某事。
I’m sure to go with you. 我确信和你一起去。
(2)be sure+that 从句,表示"肯定;确信",许多时候可与"be sure to do sth."替换。
I’m sure that I can run much faster.
=I’m sure to run much faster.
我肯定能跑得快多了。
【经典练】
1.________that you come here earlier tomorrow, or you’ll be in trouble.
A.Be sure of B.Make sure C.Be sure about D.Make sure of
【答案】B
【详解】句意:明天确保早点来,否则你就会有麻烦的。
考查短语辨析。be sure of 对某事有把握,后常接名词作宾语;make sure确保,后面可以跟that从句;be sure about 对某物有把握;make sure of 确保某事,后常接名词作宾语。根据题目中的“that”可知,引导的是一个从句。故选B。
【写作佳句】Make sure that you come here earlier tomorrow, or you’ll be in trouble.明天确保早点来,否则你就会有麻烦的。
考点6 make sure 确保,查明
常用于祈使句中,后面常接that(可省略)引导的宾语从句(从句不使用将来时)或of+名词(词组)/代词,意为"确保"。
Make sure (that) you lock the door when you leave. 当你离开时确保锁上门。
They scored another goal and made sure of the victory. 他们又进了一个球,这就赢定了。
【知识拓展】
make sure to do sth 务必/确保去做某事
make sure of sth 查明某事,弄清某事
【经典练】
1.Making a good study plan helps a lot. However, ______ that you can have enough time and finish it on time.
A.make sure B.care about C.feel like
【答案】A
【详解】句意:制定一个好的学习计划很有帮助。但是,要确保你有足够的时间并按时完成。
考查动词短语辨析。make sure确保;care about关心;feel like想要。根据“…that you can have enough time and finish it on time.”可知,此处指的是“要确保你有足够的时间并按时完成”,应填动词短语make sure“确保”。故选A。
2.Jim, take this map to ________ you can find the way to your hotel.
A.make sure B.find out C.think of D.bring out
【答案】A
【详解】句意:Jim,拿着这张地图,确保你能找到去旅馆的路。
考查动词短语。make sure确保;find out找出,查明;think of认为,想到;bring out使显示。根据“take this map to...you can find the way to your hotel.”可知, 拿地图是为了确保能找到去旅馆的路。故选A。
【写作佳句】It is important to make sure all the waste is properly and safely dealt with.确保所有的废弃物都得到妥善和安全的处理是很重要的。
考点7 college n. 学院;大学;高等专科学校
go to college/university上大学
If you want to go to college, you must work hard. 要是你想上大学,就得好好学习。
【易混辨析】 college / university
college
指"学院,大学",一般指综合大学内部的学院。它也可指独立的学院。
She studies in a college of foreign languages. 她在一所外语学院学习。
university
意为"大学",通常指由多个学院 (college) 组成的综合性大学。
Both their children are at university. 他们的两个孩子都在上大学。
【经典练】
1.Zhang Guimei is such a great and kind teacher that she helps a lot of students go to _______.
A.village B.college C.cinema D.club
【答案】B
【详解】句意:张桂梅是一位非常优秀和善良的老师,她帮助很多学生考上了大学。
考查名词辨析。village村庄;college大学;cinema电影院;club俱乐部。根据“Zhang Guimei is such a great and kind teacher”可知,她应该是帮助学生上大学。故选B。
【写作佳句】(2021·江苏泰州·统考中考真题)It's reported that, in general , people with college education can make more money than those without.据报道,一般来说,受过大学教育的人比没有受过大学教育的人能赚更多的钱。
考点8 take
8. We’re going to take singing lessons.
take singing lessons上视唱课。take ... lessons 意为"上……课"。take后接动词的-ing形式。take ... lessons相当于have... lessons。
I’m taking French lessons. 我在上法语课。
【经典练】
1.I can’t leave my little son at home. I have no choice but ________ him with me.
A.take B.took C.taking D.to take
【答案】D
【详解】句意:我不能把我的小儿子留在家里。我别无选择,只能带他一起走。
考查非谓语动词。根据空前“have no choice but”可知,此处考查have no choice but to do sth.“除了……别无选择”,固定短语。故选D。
【写作佳句】(2023·辽宁抚顺·统考中考真题)The girl takes her dog for a walk along the river every evening.这个女孩每天晚上带着她的狗沿着河边散步。
考点9. education n. 教育
education为不可数名词,没有复数形式。但当有形容词修饰时,其前可用不定冠词。
a good education 良好的教育
I had twelve years of education. 我受过12年的教育。
【知识拓展】
educate v. 教育,培养
educational adj. 教育的;有教育意义的,作表语或定语。
【经典练】
1.I think Nu Wa Repairs the Sky is as ________ as Yu Gong Moves a Mountain.
A.educational B.more educational C.most educational D.the most educational
【答案】A
【详解】句意:我认为《女娲补天》和《愚公移山》一样有教育意义。
考查形容词的原级。“as…as”中间加形容词或副词的原级,表示“和……一样……”。故选A。
【写作佳句】Art education is highly valued in the 21st century. It teaches children to be creative, discover and enjoy beauty.在21世纪,艺术教育受到高度重视。它教导孩子们要有创造力,发现和享受美。
考点10. medicine n. 药;医学
medicine为不可数名词。吃药的"吃"可用take。
A person who wants to become a doctor has to study medicine. 一个想当医生的人得学习医学。
I want some medicine for cold. 我想要一些治疗感冒的药。
【知识拓展】
medicine n. 药 → medical adj. 医学的 → medically adv. 医学地
固定搭配:take one’s (some/the) medicine吃药
【易混辨析】 medicine / pill
medicine
"药",为不可数名词
Please remind her to take the medicine on time.
请提醒她按时吃药。
university
为可数名词,表示"药丸"
I had three pills for lunch.
午饭时我吃了三个药丸。
【经典练】
1.Kelly is going to study ________ because she wants to be a doctor.
A.cooking B.painting C.medicine D.education
【答案】C
【详解】句意:Kelly打算学医,因为她想要成为一名医生。
考查名词辨析。cooking烹饪;painting绘画;medicine医学;education教育学。根据“she wants to be a doctor”可知成为医生得学医。故选C。
2.If I had five million dollars, I’d give it to ________ research.
A.medicine B.pill C.medical D.hospital
【答案】C
【详解】句意:如果我有500万美元,我会把它用于医学研究。
考查形容词辨析。medicine医学,名词;pill药片,名词;medical医学的,形容词;hospital医院,名词。空格后为名词“research”,故此处应用形容词修饰名词。故选C。
【写作佳句】— I wish some medicine of magic could help me remember everything in class.——我希望一些魔法药物可以帮助我记住课堂上的一切。
考点11. send v. 邮寄;发送
send sb sth/send sth to sb 把某物寄送给某人
send sb to do sth 派某人去做某事
Please send me some pictures of Beijing. 请寄给我几张北京的图片。
I’ll send you a book.
=I’ll send a book to you. 我将寄给你一本书。
She sent me to pick up her son last week. 她上周派我去接她儿子。
【知识拓展】
send for 派人去请 send up 发射 (火箭、卫星、飞船等)
send away 开除,送出,解雇 send off 寄出
【经典练】
1.—________ will you tell your classmate about the news?
—By ________ an e-mail.
A.How; send B.How; sending C.What; send D.Why; sending
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——这条消息你将怎样告诉你的同学?——通过发电子邮件。
考查特殊疑问句及非谓语动词。根据语境可知,问句中说话者询问的是做某事的方式方法,疑问词应用how;此外,by为介词,后接动词ing形式。故选B。
【写作佳句】If your friend sends you a message to borrow money, you’d better call him directly first to make sure.如果你的朋友发信息向你借钱,你最好直接打电话给他确认一下。
考点12. make the soccer team 成为足球队的一员
(1)make the soccer team“成为足球队的一员”
Would you like to make the soccer team? 你想成为足球队的一员吗?
注意:make a soccer team “组建一支足球队”
(2)team 名词,意为“队;组”,指在某个队或是某个队的队员,其前可用介词in/on。
The twin brothers are in/on the same basketball team.
这对双胞胎兄弟是统一篮球队的成员。
【知识拓展】
(1)team表示由若干人组成的“队”或“组”,具有集合意义。在句中作主语时,谓语根据情况可用单数(侧重整体)或复数(侧重个体)。
I want to know which team is the best.我想知道哪个队最好。
Their football team are playing harder. 他们的足球队员正更努力地踢球
(2)a team of后跟复数名词,表示“一组/队……”。
A team of students did it.一群学生做了这件事。
【写作佳句】I like music very much and next year I am going to play an instrument.我非常喜欢音乐,明年我打算弹奏乐器。
考点13 sound
Sound interesting. 听起来很有趣。
sound此处用作连系动词,意为“听起来好像”,后常接形容词作表语。常见搭配sound like表示“听起来像”。
The music sounds very beautiful. 音乐听起来很优美。
【知识拓展】
sound还可作名词,表示“声音”。
I fell asleep listening to the sound of the wind. 听着风声我睡着了。
【经典练】
1.—Let’s go to the park on Sunday morning.
—_______. We can play tennis and have a good time.
A.Not at all B.You’re welcome C.That Sounds good D.Thank you very much
【答案】C
【详解】句意:——我们星期天上午去公园吧。 ——听起来不错。我们可以打网球,玩得很开心。
考查情景交际。Not at all不用谢;You’re welcome不客气;That sounds good听起来不错;Thank you very much非常感谢你。根据“We can play tennis and have a good time.”可知,此处是赞同对方的建议,应用“That sounds good.”。故选C。
【写作佳句】(2021·黑龙江鸡西·统考中考真题)In the past people didn’t know that light travels faster than sound.过去人们不知道光比声音传播得快。
考点14 be able to"能够"
3. Were you able to keep them?
be able to表示"能够",相当于 can,常用来表示 can不能表达的将来时或完成时的情况,可用于各种时态。
He will be able to finish reading the book next week.
他下周将能读完这本书。
【易混辨析】
can / be able to
(1) can"能",表示过去或现在"能力所及"时,与be able to 通用。
He can / is able to speak German. 他会说德语。
I could / was able to run very fast when I was a boy. 我小时候就跑得很快。
(2) be able to的过去式还可表示一种"经过努力做到了"的意思。而can的过去式则没有这种意义。
He started late, but he was able to catch the train. 他出发晚了,但他还是赶上了火车。
(3) can通常只用于过去或现在两种时态,而be able to 则可用于各种时态。
He has not been able to come since he got hurt. 自从受伤以后,他就一直未能前来。
(4)在表示猜测时,只能用can,而不能用be able to。
That can’t be your bag. 那不可能是你的书包。
【经典练】
1.We are sure that we ________ finish the work ahead of time with the teacher's help.
A.can be able B.can be able to
C.will be able D.will be able to
【答案】D
【详解】句意:我们确定我们在老师的帮助下将提前完成工作。
考查固定搭配及一般将来时。be able to do sth.表示“能够做某事”,因此排除A和C。be sure that(从句),can通常强调能力,而will强调(具体)这件事将来能够完成。此句表示强调将来能够完成,故选D。
2.Finish your homework first, and then you will ________ watch TV for an hour.
A.can B.be able to C.able to D.could
【答案】B
【详解】句意:先完成作业,然后你就可以看一个小时的电视了。
考查动词辨析。can能够;be able to能;able to能够;could是can的过去式。结合选项,can只有两种形式:can和could;be able to主要是靠be发生变化,所以形式比can多。根据题干“then you will…watch TV”可知在will后不能和can和could连用,需跟原形动词be。故选B。
3.Don’t worry, Jim. In a week, the baby ________ move freely.
A.will can B.are able to C.will be able to D.could
【答案】C
【详解】句意:吉米,不用担心。一周后,这个婴儿将会自由移动。
考查一般将来时will/shall do。will can为错误用法;are able to为一般现在时;will be able to为一般将来时;could为一般过去时。根据“In a week, the baby...move freely.”可知,一周后才能自由移动,时态为一般将来时,表示将来的能力,多用be able to,主语为the baby,第三人称单数,助动词用will,后接动词原形,be“是”,动词。故选C。
【写作佳句】Maybe we will be able to live on another planet with the development of space technology.—也许随着太空技术的发展,我们将能够生活在另一个星球上。
考点15. promise n. 承诺;诺言
v. 许诺; 承诺;保证
make a promise/promises 允诺
keep a /one’s promise 遵守诺言,信守承诺
break a /one’s promise违背诺言
promise to do sth答应做某事
promise sbto do sth答应某人做某事
promise sb sth答应某人某事
If you make a promise, you should keep it. 如果你许诺了,你就要遵守你的诺言。
My teacher promised to help us. 我老师答应要帮助我们。
You must promise me to be early tomorrow morning. 你必须答应我明天早上早点。
【经典练】
1.—I’m afraid I can’t go to the movies with you today.
—But you ________ me yesterday.
A.promised B.refused C.trusted D.believed
【答案】A
【详解】句意:——恐怕我今天不能和你一起去看电影了。——但你昨天答应过我的。
考查动词辨析。promised承诺,答应;refused拒绝;trusted信任;believed相信。根据“But”可知,句意出现转折,由此推出是对方昨天答应过的。故选A。
2.My sister ________ herself that she is going to study hard and get good grades next term.
A.promises B.takes C.keeps D.expects
【答案】A
【详解】句意:我妹妹向自己保证下学期她将努力学习并取得好成绩。
考查动词辨析。promises保证,承诺;takes拿;keeps保持;expects期待。根据“she is going to study hard and get good grades next term”可知,下学期她会努力学习,取得好成绩,这是她的保证。故选A。
【写作佳句】Tom made a(n) promise to his mother that he would never play computer games at night.汤姆向他妈妈许下承诺,他不会在晚上玩电脑游戏。
考点16. at the beginning of “在……开始”
beginning在此作名词,意为“开头,开端”。
At the beginning of this term, I found it hard to learn math. 这学期初,我发现学习数学很难。
You can find this sentence at the beginning of this article. 你会在文章开头找到这个句子。
【知识拓展】
(1)at the beginning“起初”。
I disliked this dog at the beginning. 起初我不喜欢狗。
(2)from beginning to end“从头到尾”。
I have read this book from beginning to end. 我从头到尾读了这本书。
【经典练】
1.When we make resolutions ______ the year, we hope we are going to improve our lives.
A.at the end of B.at the beginning of C.in the beginning
【答案】B
【详解】句意:当我们在年初下决心的时候,我们希望我们将会改善我们的生活。
考查介词短语。at the end of在……结束时;at the beginning of在……的开始;in the beginning起初。根据“When we make resolutions … the year, we hope we are going to improve our lives.”可知,希望我们将会改善我们的生活,说明此处指的是年初,at the beginning of the year意为“年初”,故选B。
2.The year 2021 is around the corner. We need to plan ________ our study and life ________ the beginning of the year.
A.to; at B.for; at C.for; in
【答案】B
【详解】句意:2021年即将到来。我们需要在新年开始的时候为我们的学习和生活做计划。
考查介词辨析。to到;at在;for为了;in在……里。固定搭配:plan for sth“为……订计划”,at the beginning of+时间,表示“在……的开始”,故选B。
【写作佳句】When we make resolutions at the beginning of the year, we hope that we are going to make our lives better.当我们在年初下定决心时,我们希望我们将使我们的生活更好。
考点17. improve v. 改进;改善
improve此处用作及物动词,意为"改进;改善",还可用作不及物动词。
I want to improve my English. 我想要提高我的英语(水平)。
The weather is beginning to improve. 天气开始好转了。
【注意】
improve相当于make ... better,已包含better之义,再加上个better,即属赘余。
我们希望改进我们的工作。
误:We hope to improve our work better.
正:We hope to improve our work.
【知识拓展】
improve名词形式为improvement
self-improvement 自我改进;自我提高
【经典练】
1.—Some Chinese government officers have turned into livestreamers (网络主播).
—Yes. They’re trying their best to help local farmers ________ product sales.
A.provide B.improve C.afford D.suggest
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——一些中国政府官员已经成为网络主播。——是的。他们正在尽力帮助当地农民提高产品销售量。考查动词辨析。provide提供;improve提高;afford负担得起;suggest建议。根据“help local farmers ... product sales.”可知,是指帮助农民提高产品销量。故选B。
【写作佳句】Doing sports is one of the best ways to improve your physical health.运动是改善身体健康的最好方法之一。
考点18.have to do with关于;与……有关系
7. Many resolutions have to do with self-improvement.
have to do with关于;与……有关系。这个句型表示与某事、某人有牵连,有关系,有瓜葛。
What does this have to do with me? 这跟我有什么关系?
I had nothing to do with the murder. I was at home all night. 我跟那谋杀一点关系都没有。我整晚都在家。
【知识拓展】
have nothing to do with 与……没关系
My brother has nothing to do with the fight. 我弟弟和打架没关系。
【经典练】
1.As the problem of water pollution is more and more serious, scientists are discussing ________ it.
A.how to do with B.what to deal with C.how to deal with
【答案】C
【详解】句意:随着水污染问题越来越严重,科学家们正在讨论如何处理它。
考查动词短语和疑问词+动词不定式。do with=deal with“处理”,do with和疑问词what连用,deal with和疑问词how连用。故选C。
【写作佳句】Resolutions usually have to do with better planning, but sometimes they may be too difficult to keep.决心通常与更好的计划有关,但有时它们可能太难坚持。
考点19.take up"学着做;开始做;从事"
8. …they are going to take up a hobby like…
take up指"学着做;开始做;从事"。后面可接名词或动名词。
He had studied Japanese for a year and a half before he took up English. 他开始学习英语之前已经学一年半日语了。
He took up football when he was 6 years old. 他六岁时就开始学踢足球了。
The young girl wants to take up teaching English to little kids. 这个年轻的姑娘想开始从事幼儿英语教学。
【知识拓展】
take up还有"占用时间或空间"之意。
Learning English takes up a lot of my time. 学英语占了我许多时间。
That big table takes up too much room. 那张大桌子占的地方太大了。
【经典练】
1.—The teacher asked us to ________ the main ideas from the text.
—I think we should also take notes for the exam.
A.take off B.take down C.take up D.take on
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——老师让我们把课文的大意记下来。——我想我们也应该为考试做笔记。
考查动词短语。take off脱下;take down记下;take up占据;take on承担。根据“the main ideas from the text”可知,是指把课文大意记下来,故选B。
【写作佳句】In order to make my life more colorful, I plan to take up a new hobby like painting or growing flowers when I am free.为了让我的生活更加丰富多彩,我计划在空闲时养成一个新的爱好,比如画画或种花。
考点20.too…to…是"太……以致不能……"
9. Sometimes the resolutions may be too difficult to keep.
too…to…是"太……以致不能……",to是不定式符号,后接动词原形,该句式虽没有否定词not/no,但表达否定意义,若逻辑主语是动作的执行者,则需用 for 引出。
English is too difficult for me to read. 对我来说英语太难了。
【知识拓展】
(1) too…to…可转化为复合句 so…that…句型,此时that从句的谓语动词要用否定形式。
The problem is too difficult for me to work out.
=The problem is so difficult that I can’t work it out.
(2) too…to…还可转化为"not+形容词/副词+enough to do",其中形容词/副词是句型too…to…中形容词/副词的反义词。
His son is too young to go to school.= His son is not old enough to go to school.
【经典练】
1.What a pity! Mr. Chen is ________ busy to come to our home for dinner.
A.so B.too C.very
【答案】B
【详解】句意:真遗憾!陈先生太忙了,不能来我们家吃晚饭。
考查副词辨析。so如此;too太;very非常。根据“busy to come to our home for dinner”可知,此处用too…to的搭配,表示“太……而不能……”,故选B。
【写作佳句】(2022·江苏宿迁·统考中考真题)Jack always gives his friends help when they need it, because he “ A friend in need is a friend ”.杰克总是在朋友需要的时候给他们帮助,因为他“患难见真情”。
考点21. discuss v. 讨论,商量。
discuss sth. with sb. 和某人讨论某事
We discussed our plans for the new term. 我们讨论了我们的新学期计划。
You needn’t discuss this matter with me. 你不必和我讨论这件事。
注意:
discuss一般不直接跟动词不定式作宾语,但可跟“疑问词+动词不定式”结构或疑问词引导的从句
They are discussing how to do it.他们在讨论怎么做这件事。
【经典练】
1.Let’s have an ________ about which cinema to go to this Sunday.
A.education B.discussion C.example D.character
【答案】B
【详解】句意:我们来讨论一下这个星期天去哪家电影院吧。
考查名词词义辨析。education教育;discussion讨论;example实例;character性格。根据“which cinema to go to this Sunday”可知,固定搭配have a discussion“讨论一下”符合题意。故选B。
【写作佳句】When you have problems in your study or life, you can discuss them with your teacher.当你在学习或生活中有问题时,你可以和你的老师讨论。
考点22. own adj. & pron. 自己的
(1)own作形容词时,意为"自己的",一般放在物主代词之后,用以强调"某人自己的"。
Every dance has its own rhythm. 每个舞蹈都有它自己的节奏。
I saw it with my own eyes. 我亲眼看见的。
I decided to have my own shop. 我决定开一家我自己的店。
(2)own作代词时,意为"自己;亲身",常用于下列短语中:
①of one’s own意为"属于某人自己的",of前常为名词或不定代词。
We have no house of our own. 我们没有自己的房子。
He has nothing of his own now. 他现在一无所有。
②on one’s own意为"独自,单独;独立地",在句中作状语。
He didn’t get any help and had to complete the work on his own. 他没有得到任何帮助,不得不独自完成 这项工作。
③with one’s own意为"用某人自己的",own后接名词。
Remember to do everything with your own ideas. 记得用你自己的想法去做每一件事。
【知识拓展】
(1)own还可作动词,意为"拥有",不用于进行时。
Many people own a car now. 现在很多人都有车。
(2)owner n. 物主;所有权人;主人
He’s the owner of this house. 他是这栋房子的主人。
【经典练】
1.Mary ________ a company. That is to say, the company is ________ company.
A.own; own her B.own; her own
C.owns; her own D.owns; own her
【答案】C
【详解】句意:Mary有一家公司,也就是说,那家公司是她自己的公司。
考查一般现在时和one’s own的用法。own有(动词原形;也可作形容词,意为“自己的”);owns有(三单形式);own her拥有她;her own她自己的。结合题干可知,“Mary...a company.”时态为一般现在时,主语是Mary,此时谓语动词own应用三单形式owns,排除选项A和B;而此处“the company is...company”则表示那是她自己的公司,此空后是名词company,此空应是her own。故选C。
2.This is my ________ car. I bought it by myself.
A.owner B.own C.owning D.owned
【答案】B
【详解】句意:这是我自己的小汽车,是我自己买的。
考查形容词搭配。owner主人;own自己的;owning拥有,动名词形式;owned拥有,过去式。所有格+own表示“某人自己的”,固定搭配。故填B。
【写作佳句】We are sure that you can do it on your own.我们相信你能靠自己做到。
一.语法精讲——be going to 的用法
含be going to的一般将来时
一、语法概述
“be going to+动词原形”结构可以表示将来,多用于口语中。be going to是一般将来时态的一种表现形式,表示将来某个时间将要发生的动作或存在的状态,意为“打算做某事”。be动词随主语的人称和数的变化而变化。
二、be going to的用法
1.be going to主要用于以下两种情况:
(1)表示事先经过考虑、安排打算要做的事情,非临时想法。
Eg.I'm going to study medicine at a university. 我将在读大学的时候学习医学。
(2)表示根据某种迹象判断,某事非常有可能发生。(常用于判断天气情况)
Eg.Look at those clouds. It's going to rain. 看那些云,马上要下雨了。
2.be going to与表示将来的时间状语连用,如this evening, tomorrow, the day after tomorrow(后天), next week/month/year, soon等,也可以与when, before, after, until 等引导的时间状语连用。
Eg.She’s going to watch TV this evening. 她打算今天晚上看电视。
He is going to be an engineer when he grows up. 他打算长大后当一名工程师。
三、be going to的句式结构
肯定句
主语+be going to+动词原形+其他.
I am going to play basketball.我打算去打篮球。
否定句
主语+be not going to+动词原形+其他.
I am not going to play basketball.我不打算去打篮球。
一般疑问句及其肯定、否定回答
Be+主语+going to+动词原形+其他?
肯定回答:Yes, 主语+be.
否定回答:No, 主语+be not.
—Are you going to play basketball?
你打算去打篮球吗?
—Yes, I am.是的,我打算去。
No, I’m not.不,我不打算去。
特殊疑问句
特殊疑问词+be+主语+going to+动词原形+其他?
Where are you going to play basketball?
你打算去哪儿打篮球?
【特别提醒】当特殊疑问词是who时,特殊疑问句句式为:特殊疑问词(Who)+be going to+动词原形+其他?
四、含be going to的there be句型:表示“某地将会有……”。
1.There is going to be+单数主语+时间状语. (主语是可数名词单数或不可数名词)
Eg.There is going to be a sports meeting next week.
2.There are going to be+复数主语+时间状语.(主语是可数名词复数)
Eg.There are going to be two English speech contests next month.
2. 写作主题:计划与愿望
一、话题分析
与本单元话题相关的书面表达一般是谈论未来的打算。能用be going to,want to,hope to,expect to,be ready to,plan to谈论未来生活的计划与愿望,内容包括未来想要从事的职业或梦想及怎样实现梦想。在写作过程中,学生应做到以下几点:
1.能描述自己的梦想或目标,并介绍为实现这一梦想或目标而制定的计划;
2.叙述要有条理,先叙述未来的计划和打算,再叙述打算采取的行动,在谈论行动时要分清主次且按先后顺序进行;
3.恰当使用be going to结构。
二、词汇积累
1. cook 厨师
2. engineer 工程师
3. violinist 小提琴手
4. pianist 钢琴家
5. pilot 飞行员
6. computer programmer 计算机程序设计员;编程人员
7. take up 开始从事;占用
8. grow up 成熟;长大
9. make sure 确保;查明
10. be sure about 确信;对……有把握
11. be able to 能够做某事
12. have to do with 关于;与……有关系
13. make the soccer team 组建足球队
14. get lots of exercise 多进行体育锻炼
15. practice basketball every day 每天练习打篮球
16. eat healthier food吃更健康的食物
17. learn education/medicine/computer science学习教/医药/电脑科学
18. be good at writing stories 擅长写故事
19. take singing / acting lessons 上唱歌/表演课
20. learn another foreign language 学习另一种外语,学习第二外语
三、句型积累
1. I am going to be a writer, because I like reading storybooks. 我要成为一名作家,因为我喜欢读故事书。
2. I’m going to exercise more and eat less junk food. 我打算多多锻炼并少吃垃圾食品。
3. It’s not easy to become a doctor, so I make a plan for it.
4. I will limit the time I spend watching TV to one hour per day. 我打算限制我看电视的时间至每天一小时。
5. I plan to get more exercise to improve my physical health.
6. To get into the best medical school, I need to get good grades. 为了进入最好的医科大学,我需要取得好成绩。
7. I am going to try my best to make my dream come true.
8. I want to he an engineer. 我想当一名工程师。
9. I’m going to practice basketball every day. 我打算每天练习篮球
10. I’m going to keep on writing stories. 我打算坚持写故事。
11. Many resolutions have to do with self-improvement. 许多决心和自身提高有关系。
典例赏析:
根据汉语提示及要求,以“My dream job”为题用英语写一篇短文。
提示: 1. 你想成为一名记者;
2. 你打算给报纸、杂志写文章;
3. 高中毕业后想去北京上大学;
4. 想在一家电台工作并环游世界。
要求: 1. 条理清楚,语句通顺,语法正确,书写规范;
2. 提示内容全部体现在文章中;
3. 不少于80词。
My dream job
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My dream job
When I grow up,I m going lo be a journalist Next year,I'm going to write articles for magazines and newspapers. I’m going to a university in Beijing after senior school. Maybe I’m going to find a part-time job and save some money. Next,I’m going to work for a TV station as a journalist. Then I’m going to travel all over the world.
【解析】
这是一篇给材料作文。要求以“My dream job”为题用英语写一篇短文。根据所给出的材料内容可知,文章时态用一般现在时,人称主要用第一称。首先认真审题,看清题目中的要求和要点;然后根据提示内容,列出写作要点及每个要点中可能要用到的表达;然后紧扣要点,动笔写作。在写作时,注意连句成篇,保持文章的连贯性,要层次清楚,要点分明,中心突出。同时要注意语言的表述应该符合语法的结构,造句应该符合英语的表达习惯;尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式,最好不要写太长的复合句;尽量选取简单的易拼写的单词,确保正确率;词汇、句式要丰富多样,可以为文章增色添彩。最后要细心复核检查,确保正确无误。
Unit 6 I’m going to study computer science.
1、 重点短语
grow up 长大;成熟;成长 computer programmer 计算机程序设计员
be sure about 确信;对……有把握 make sure 确保;查明
make the soccer team 成为足球队的一员 be able to do sth 能够做某事
at the beginning of 在……开始 write down 写下;记录下
have to do with 关于;与……有关系 take up 开始做;学着做 different kinds of 不同种类的 make promises 做出承诺
make resolutions 做决定 try one’s best 尽某人最大的努力
二、用法
1.cook n.厨师
【拓展】(1)cooker n.厨具
(2)cook sb.sth.=cook sth. for sb.给某人做饭
(3)do some cooking 做饭
2.driver是以动词drive加词尾-r构成的指人的名词。
英语中还有很多指人的名词是以动词加词尾-er构成的,常见的有:worker, teacher, singer, player等等。以动词加词尾-or构成的常见名词有:actor, author, visitor, sailor, inventor等等。
3.(1)keep on doing sth.继续做某事(表示动作反复,间歇)
(2)keep sb.(sth.)doing sth.让某人(物)不断做某事(持续)
4.sure adj.确信的;其主要用法如下:
(1)be sure + about /of +名词、代词或动名词,意为“确信;对……有把握”。
(2)be sure +动词不定式,意为“务必做某事;一定做某事”。
(3)be sure +宾语从句,意为“肯定;确信”。
(4)make sure +that宾语从句或动词不定式,意为“确保;查明”。
5. try one’s best 相当于do one’s best意为“尽力”。
6. Not everyone knows what they want to be.不是每个人都知道他们想要做什么。
英语中all, both, every, everyone等词与not, no连用时,表示的是部分否定,而非全部否定。
如:Not everyone in our class likes football.我们班不是每个同学都喜欢足球。
7.college与 university的区别
两者均有“学院,大学”之意。college 多指大学内的学院,分科学院或科目较少的高等学校;university 主要指综合性大学,一般由多个学院组成,
如: Beijing University。当泛指大学时通常用college表示。
8.education
(1)用作名词,意为“教育”。 如:school education学校教育
(2)形容词形式为educational。
如:an educational film一部很有教育意义的电影
9.medicine
(1) medicine是名词, 意为“药;医学”。 如:take some medicine 吃药
(2)形容词形式为medical,意为“医学的,医疗的”,如:medical team医疗队
10.send
(1)send是动词,意为“邮寄;发送”,其过去式为sent,
常用于短语send sb.sth.= send sth. to sb. 如:
Who sent Bill the tie?=Who sent the tie to Bill?谁送比尔这条领带的?
(2)与send有相同用法的常见动词还有give, pass, lend, offer等等,但是动词buy, get, make,cook等常与介词for连用。即:buy sb.sth.= buy sth. for sb.
(3)send sb. to sp. 派遣某人到某地
(4) send sb to do sth. 派某人做某事
(5) send up 发射;使上升
(6) send away 开除;赶走
(7) send for 派(人)去请
(8) send a letter/ message 邮寄信,发送消息
11.resolution
(1)作不可数名词,意为“坚决;决心;果断”。如:
He showed great resolution to us.他向我们展示了他巨大的决心。
(2)作可数名词,意为“决议;决定;决心要做的事”。 如:
His father often makes a resolution to stop smoking.他爸爸经常下决心戒烟。
12.make the soccer team组建足球队
(1)make 在此处用作动词,意为“组织”。指建一支球队时,make可以用start替换,可以说成start the soccer team。
(2)make后面还常接不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语,make sb.do sth.意为“使某人做某事”。
(3)make 后面还可接形容词作宾语补足语,常用于make sb./sth.+adj.
如:make me happy使我高兴
13.foreign
(1)作形容词,意为“外国的”。 如:his foreign friends他的外国朋友
(2)其名词形式是foreigner,意为“外国人”。
如:a foreigner from Europe来自欧洲的外国朋友
14. sound like“听起来像”,后接名词或代词。
【拓展】
(1)sound v.听起来,后接形容词作表语。
(2)sound n.声音,指自然界的声音。
15.辨析can与be able to
(1)can为情态动词,无人称和数的变化,过去式为could。当表示请求、允许及猜测时,只能用can,当表示现在或过去的能力时,can/ could和be able to可通用。
(2)be able to do sth. 有人称、时态和数的变化。
16. promise (1)n.承诺;诺言
1)make a promise to sb.=make promises to sb.向某人许诺
2)keep/break one’s promise 保守/打破诺言
(2)v.许诺;承诺
1)promise sb.sth.= promise sth.to sb.答应某人某事……
2)promise sb.to do sth.答应某人做某事
3)promise to do sth. 答应做某事
3)promise +that宾语从句 许诺(答应)……
17.improve
(1)用作动词,意为“改进;改善”。如:
improve my spoken English提高我的英语口语
(2)名词形式为improvement。self-improvement 自我改进,自我提高;
18.write down
write down是“动词+副词”构成的动副型短语,名词宾语位于write down之间或后面皆可,代词宾语必须置于write down之间。如:
write down your name=write your name down写下你的名字
write it down写下它
19.(1)have to do with关于;与……有关系
(2)have nothing to do with 与……没有关系
20.own adj.& pron.自己的;本人的
【拓展】own v.拥有;占有;owner n.所有者;物主
21. take up 学着做,开始做 ;占用时间或者空间
(1)take up+V-ing/名词;
22. 辨析:at the beginning of 与in the beginning
(1)at the beginning of ,可以指时间,也可以指位置,指时间(着重于一点),意为“在...之初”,指位置时,意为“在....的起点”。
(2)in the beginning 仅指时间(着重于时间段),意为“起初,在初期”,相当于at first,其后不能接of短语,常做状语。
23. too....to.... 太....而不能
(1)too+adj./adv.+for sb.to+V原;
如:The question is too difficult for me to answer.
3、 语法
一般将来时的用法(一)
1.一般将来时的定义
一般将来时表示在将来某一个时间将要发生的动作或存在的状态,也可以表示打算好在将来要去做的动作。一般将来时主要有两种表示形式:“will+动词原形”和be going to结构。本单元主要介绍be going to结构。
2.be going to结构的基本句型
肯定句:主语+am (is,are) +going to do.
否定句:主语+ am (is,are) +not +going to do.
一般疑问句:Am( is,are)+主语+ going to do?
肯定回答:Yes,主语+ am (is,are).
否定回答:No,主语+ am (is,are) +not.
如:Jim is going to take part in the school trip next Sunday.
Jim isn’t going to take part in the school trip next Sunday.
Is Jim going to take part in the school trip next Sunday?
Yes,he is./No,he isn’t.
3.一般将来时的判断
(1)句中有表示将来时间的状语时,用一般将来时。这样的时间状语有:
①“tomorrow一家” 如:tomorrow morning, at five o’clock tomorrow afternoon
②“next一家” 如:next week, at four next Friday afternoon
③“this一家” 如:at the end of this month
温馨提示:this morning常用于一般过去时。
④表示将来的短语或日期。如:soon, from now on, in the future, in a few days’ time, in a moment, in the year 2016。如:
The famous singer is going to have a concert next month.那个有名的歌手下个月将举办演唱会。
Her parents are going to buy a car at the end of this year.她的父母今年年底将买车。
(2)有迹象表明或从句意判断出某一动作或状态是在将来发生或存在的,也用将来时。如:
The boys are putting their books and pens in their backpacks. I think they are going to walk home.那些男孩们正在把书和钢笔放进他们的背包里。我想他们将步行回家。
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