Units5-8 单元语法重点 2024-2025学年沪教牛津版（广州沈阳通用）九年级英语上册

Unit5 状语从句总结 1. 定义:在句中充当状语成分的从句。 2. 分类:初中阶段主要学习9大状语从句 (1)时间状语从句 时间状语从句用来表示主句动作发生的时间,常用when, while, as, as soon as, before, after, until, till, since等引导。 ①When, while,as引导的时间状语从句 连接词 意义 特点 when 当……时 从句的谓语动词既可以是持续性动词,也可以是瞬间性动词 while 当…时 从句的谓语动词只可以是持续性动词,常表示主从句的动作同时发生 as 当……时,一边…一边. 强调主从句动作同时进行 We were having dinner when the rainstorm came. I'll call you when it's arranged. While the children were playing, their mother was watching TV. Bruce became happy as he saw his friends. ②as soon as引导的时间状语从句 as soon as意为“一……就……”,引导的时间状语从句一般用现在时表示将来意义 I'll write to you as soon as I arrive in France. As soon as he saw us, he ran to shake hands with us. ③before引导的时间状语从句 before意为“在……之前”,引导的时间状语动作发生在主句动作之后 Before I go to bed, I always brush my teeth. We waited a long time before we got on the plane. ④after引导的时间状语从句 after意为“在……之后”,引导的时间状语的动作发生在主句动作之前 After the rain stopped, we went down the mountain. I felt better after I talked with my parents. ⑤until, till引导的时间状语从句 until和till意为“直到”,一般可以互换使用。用于肯定句时,主句谞语动词是持续性动词;用于否定句时,主句谓语动词用瞬间性动词。需要注意的是until可用于句首,till不用于句首。 We stayed at the hotel until/till the strong wind died down. I didn't go to bed until/till my son came back home. Until you told me, I didn't know anything of the news. ⑥since引导的时间状语从句 since意为“自从……以来”,常与现在完成时连用。 It has been ten years since we last met each other. My grandma has lived here since she was a little girl. (2)地点状语从句 表示位置或方向的从句叫地点状语从句,主要由where, wherever等引导,意为“在…地方,在任何.地方” Wherever you go, I will be here waiting for you. Where there is a will, there is a way. 有志者,事竟成。 (3)原因状语从句 在句中作原因状语的从句叫作原因状语从句,常由because, since,as 等引导 ①because意为“因为”,语气最强,表示直接原因 He gave up his job because he couldn't stand his boss. ②since引导原因状语从句时意为“既然,由于”,语气比because弱 Since everyone is here, let's discuss about our working plan. ③as引导状语从句时意为“因为,既然,由于”,语气最弱 As she was shy, she had few friends. (4)比较状语从句 在句中作比较状语的句子叫作比较状语从句。主要由 as, than等引导。 Her foreign friend speaks Chinese as fluently as she does. Tom is not so/as outgoing as Peter. He can earn more money than you can. (5)方式状语从句 描述主句中动作或状态发生的方式或方法的从句叫作方式状语从句, 主要由as,as if,as though引导。 ①as引导方式状语从句时,意为“按照、正如、像、如同” You must do as I require. Everything happened as the detective expected. Friction is not always a bad thing as you might think. Water is to fish as air is to man. ②as if, as though引导的方式状语从句时,意为“似乎,好像”, as if,as though引导的方式状语从句的谞语动词常用虚拟语气,表示所说的情况不是现实。(了解即可) He spoke as if he were the owner of this house. 但是当说表示的情况是事实或实现的可能性较大时,从句用陈述语气 The sky is dark as if it's going to rain. (6)条件状语从句 表示条件或前提的从句叫作条件状语从句。主要由if,unless, as/ so long as等引导。 ①if引导条件状语从句时,意为“如果” If you get up late, you will miss the train. ②unless引导条件状语从句时,意为“除非.…否则…….” Unless you are famous enough, you won't receive an invitation. ③as/so long as引导条件状语从句时,意为“只要” As/so long as you stick to your dream, you'll make it come true one day. (7)让步状语从句 表示主句中的某一动作或状态与从句中的某一动作或状态在意义上有部分矛盾。主要由although, though, even if/ though, whatever, whichever,whenever, wherever, whoever等引导。 ①although/though意为“尽管,虽然”,不与but连用 Although/though he tried his best, he failed in the end. ②even if/ though意为“即使,尽管” Even if/ though I see it with my eyes, I can't believe it. ③whatever, whichever, whenever, wherever, whoever 引导让步状语从句时,相当于"no matter+ wh-” Whatever you want, I'll give it to you. (=No matter what you want, I'll give it to you.) Wherever my sister visits, she will send me a postcard. (=No matter where my sister visits, she will send me a postcard.) Whichever advice you take, you'll benefit from it. (=No matter which advice you take, you'll benefit from it.) (8)目的状语从句 表示主句中的动作或状态发生的目的或动机,引导目的状语从句的连词主要有so that(以便),in order that(为了)等。 I decide to work harder so that/ in order that I can get better grades. I'll play the video again so that/ in order that you can notice the difference. (9)结果状语从句 结果状语从句表示主句中某一动作或状态所产生的结果,引导结果状语从句的连接词有so that, so.that, such.that 等。 ①so that意为“因此,以致于” He was often absent so that he didn't pass the exam. ②so.that.…意为“如此……以致于” You are so beautiful that I have fell in love with you. 检测题 1. Gray is going to give away some food to the food bank, he is not rich enough. A. if B. unless C. since D. though 2. Jimmy has been in the company for two year she graduated. A. When B. since C.as soon as D. as 3. You'd better make a list you go to the supermarket. A. before B.during C. until D. after 4. She raised her voice everyone in the room could hear her. A. so that B. as soon as C. no matter D.even though 5. He will wash his hands at once he gets home. A. So B. as soon as C. because D. though 6. I walked into office,I saw him sitting on my chair. A. While B. When C.If D. Because 7.It's quite common in Britain to say"Thank you”to the drivers people get off the bus. A.before B. since C. until D. unless 8. Her youngest son is young he can't dress himself. A. too; to B. so; that C. such; that D. very; that 9.-Did you call Sara back? -I didn't need to, we'll have a meeting together tonight. A.though B. unless C. because D. If 10.Lucy knew little about the book she read it yesterday afternoon. A. If B. since C. until D. because 11. Miss White has a habit of brushing his teeth she has supper. A. After B.before C. because D. since 12. it is often cold in the mountains, you need to wear warm clothes. A. Though B. Unless C. As D.until 13. You will see many children playing together on the square if it in the evening. A. doesn't rain B. rains C. will rain D. won't rain 14. my cousin is very young, she can help with the housework. A. Once/ B. Though;but C.Although;/ D.Because/ 15.Eric's mother is getting old. He will go back home to see her it is convenient. A. Because B. whenever C. although D. unless 16. We didn't enjoy the day the weather was so bad. A. because B. though C. unless D. till 17. Mr Black has taught us math we came to this school. A. For B. since C.before D. when 18. One important aim of our school is to prepare us for the future we can face all the challenges with confidence. A. so far B. so that C.even if D. if only 19. The situation will become worse and worse we take measures. A. Since B. if C.until D. unless 20. You can use English or Chinese you travel in Singapore. A. whether B. whatever C. where D. if Unit6 宾语从句 1、 概念:在复合句中,由一个句子充当宾语,这个句子叫做宾语从句。宾语从句由“关联词+主语+谓语”构成。引导宾语从句的关联词有that, if, whether, what, who, where, why和how等。 I think (that) Halloween is a fun festival. I wonder if/whether they’ll have the races again next year. Do you know when the bookstore closes today? 2、 宾语从句三大要素:语序,引导词(关联词),时态 (一)语序:无论主句是陈述句还是疑问句, 也无论主句和从句间是什么引导词, 宾语从句一律用陈述语序, 即“引导词 + 主语 + 谓语 + 其他”。 Can you tell me when does she go to school? Can you tell me when He asked me where was my school. He asked me I didn’t know who was she. I didn’t know (二)引导词(关联词):用来引导宾语从句的词,或者说用来连接主句和宾语从句的词。主要有that, if, whether, what, who, where, why和how等。可以细分为三类引导词: that无实义 可以省略 Mary thinks (that) the teams were just fantastic. We believe (that) he will help us. She hopes (that) I can pass the exam. If/whether“是否” 不能省略 The children wondered if/whether they would come back to Guangzhou next week. 只能用whether的情况: ①在动词不定式之前只能用whether I don't know whether to see my doctor today. ②在介词后,只能用whether I worry about whether I hurt her. ③宾语从句中有or not时,只能用whether Can you tell me whether or not the rain has left? He don’t know whether his father eats dinner or not. 连接代词what(什么), who(谁-主语),whom(谁-宾语),whose(谁的+名词),which 不能省略 She wants to know what she should do? She didn’t know who she was. I knew whom he saw. He wonder whose is better. Let me tell you which bus you should take. 连接副词when, where, how, why He knows when he should go to school. He asked me where my school was. I want to know how you finish this task. They didn’t know why they lose the competition. (三)时态:记住三句口诀: 主现从随便:如果主句是现在时(包括一般现在时,现在进行时,现在完成时)或将来时,则从句的时态根据实际情况确定,注意时间状语的提示。 Jenny knows that the man was flying a kite at that time. You will understand why I did it one day. She is hoping that she will win the game tomorrow. 主过从必过:如果主句是过去时(包括一般过去时,过去进行时,过去完成时),则从句的时态一定也是过去时。 I thought he had gone to town that day. He asked me whether I had seen the film. I didn’t understand what my teacher said. 真理永远现:如果宾语从句描述的是客观真理,自然现象等不被人的意志所改变,那么不管主句的时态如何,从句的时态永远是一般现在时。 He said that time is money. My teacher told us that the sun rises in the east and sets in the west. 补充:疑问代词与疑问副词 首先弄清楚代词与副词的区别。代词可以分为人称代词,物主代词,不定代词,指示代词:this,that,these,those,反身代词,相互代词:each other,连接代词(主要是连接主句和从句的):how,why等,关系代词(主要引导从句):that,which,who等,疑问代词(引导特殊疑问句):who,what,which,whom,whose 副词也可以分为很多类型,比如时间副词:;now,yesterday;地点副词:here,there,outside,inside,abroad;方式副词:carefully,quickly,quietly;程度副词:very,much,so;quite频率副词:always,often,seldom;连接副词:why,where,when,how;关系副词:why,where,when,how;疑问副词:why,where,when,how 疑问代词与疑问副词的区别: 疑问代词用来构成疑问句,在句中可以作主语,表语,宾语,定语。 Who is she?(表语) Whom are you talking to?(宾语) Whose shirt is this?(定语) What is in the box?(主语) 疑问副词用来引导特殊疑问句,表示时间,地点,方式,原因等,是对句子的状语提问。 When is your birthday? How does she go to school? Where are you going? Why does she look unhappy? 检测题 一、单选题 1. He asked _ for the computer. A. did I pay how much B. I paid how much C. how much did I pay D. how much I paid 2. “Have you seen the film?” he asked me. He asked me _. A. had I seen the film B. have I seen the film C. if I have seen the film D. whether I had seen the film 3. “You’ve already got well, haven’t you?” she asked. She asked _. A. if I have already got well, hadn’t you B. whether I had already got well C. have I already got well D. had I already got well. 4. He asked, “How are you getting along?” He asked _. A. how am I getting along B. how are you getting along C. how I was getting along D. how was I getting along 5. He asked me _ told me the accident. A. whom B. which C. who D. whose 6. She asked me if I knew _. A. whose pen is it B. whose pen it was C. whose pen it is D. whose pen was it 二、完成句子 1. He asks _ (谁能回答这个问题) 2. Do you know_ (他们在等谁) 3. He asks _ (谁的手写字迹handwriting是班上最好的) 4. I want to know _ (他是否跟我们一起去公园) 5. Ask him _ (他是否能来) 6. I don’t know _ (是否要下雨) 三、填空题 1. 宾语从句是由一个_ 作_, 通常由_ 词,如:_, _, _或_词连接。 2. 宾语从句有_个要素,即_, _ 和_语序。 3.当宾语从句具有陈述意义时,用_引导。它在句子中只起引导作用,在口语中常可 。当宾语从句具有疑问意义时,可用_或whether引导。它们在句子中的意思是_(如果 / 是否)。或者用连接代词 或连接副词 引导。 4.宾语从句的时态一般受主句时态的影响。当主句是_或一般将来时,宾语从句可以根据具体情况用适当的时态;当主句是一般过去时,从句要用相应的_。但当从句表示的是名言、客观真理或自然现象等时,一般_ (不受/ 受)主句时态的限制,均用一般现在时。 5.宾语从句要用_(陈述 / 疑问) 语序。 四、把下列句子改为宾语从句的复合句。 1. He said, “I have been to America”. He said _ _ _ _ to America. 2. Is there a hotel near here? Do you know? Do you know _ _ _ a hotel near here? 3. What sport do you like best? Could you please tell me? Could you please tell me _ _ _ _ _? 4. “The earth moves around the sun”, our English teacher told us. Our English teacher told us that the earth _ _ the sun. 五、根据汉语意思完成句子。 1. 我想知道你昨晚是怎么回家的。 I want to know _. 2. 王红告诉我昨天早上六点她正在做饭。 Wang Hong told me _. 3. 我想知道我能否从你那里得到一些建议。 I wonder _. 4. 我们地理老师说地球围绕太阳转。 Our geography teacher said _. Unit7 定语从句 在第四单元我们学到过句子中有一种成分叫“定语”,主要起修饰作用,并且还学习了不同的词性(形容词、代词、数词、名词、介词短语、现在分词、副词,不定式)可以作定语。如: I like soft music. This is my book. We have 68 students. I own an apple computer. The book on the table is mine. There is a sleeping boy. The best boy there is Tom. The boy to write this letter is Tom.将要写这封信的男孩是Tom。 以上都是单词,短语作定语修饰。 除此以外,为了把修饰部分说的更加细致,我们可以用一个完整的句子来说明,因此,我们称这种一个完整的句子作定语起修饰作用的句子叫定语从句。如: Carmen likes musicians who play different kinds of music. I like music that I can dance to. 先行词:定语从句所修饰的名词或代词。(理解之后对选出正确的关系词有帮助) 定语从句中的考点只有一个,就是关系词的选择。(对比宾语从句的考点:时态+语序+引导词)关系词引导定语从句,代替先行词,并且在剧句中要充当一个成分。定语从句中的关系词分两大类:关系代词和关系副词。 关系代词:that,which,who,whom,whose,as 关系副词:when,where,why 做题步骤: ①圈出句中的先行词。 ②确定关系词/先行词在句中所做的成分:关系词/先行词在句中做主语,定语,宾语时,选择关系代词that,which,who,whom,whose;先行词/关系词在句中做状语时,选择关系副词where:地点状语,when:时间状语;why:原因状语; ③选择关系代词时要细分先行词做不同的成分: 关系词 先行词 从句成分 例句 关 系 代 词 that 人,物 主语 宾语 This is a machine that can fly. She is a pop star that I want to see very much. which 物 主语 宾语 The picture which was about accident was terrible. The book which I bought was 100$. who 人 主语 Do you know the man who is talking with your mother? whom 人 宾语 The boy whom she loved was died in the war. whose 人,物 定语 I like the books whose topics are about history. The girl whose mother works abroad was my friend. as 人,物 用在固定搭配中 He is a such person as is respected by all of us. This is the same person as I lost yesterday. 注: 1、that,which,who,whom在定语从句中做宾语时通常可以省略。 2、关系代词与介词:介词放在关系代词的前面时,介词宾语只能用which代物, 用whom代人。(介词在末尾时,关系词可以省略) This is the hero( whom) we are proud of. The room (that) I live in is very big. =This is the hero of whom we are proud . =The room (which) I live in is very big. =This is the hero(that) we are proud of . =The room in which I live is very big. =The room where I live is very big. 3、 固定动介词组不可分割,介词不能提前.例如:look after, look at … This is a lovely cat that/which we need to look after. 4、 有些情况下只用关系词that,而不宜用which ①从句所修饰的词又被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时 This is the most interesting story( that )I have ever heard. The first meeting (that) we will take part in will be held in the afternoon. ②先行词是 something, nothing, anything等不定代词时 Here is something (that) I will tell you. ③先行词是one of, the one, 或用 little, much, few, no, all, some, any, the only, the very, the same, the last 作修饰时 Is it the one that you want ? I haven’t got much that I can offer you. ④当主句已有疑问词 who或which时,用that。 Who is the woman that was praised at the meeting? ⑤先行词既有人也有物时,只能用that。 I can remember well the persons and some pictures (that) I see. 5、在there be 句型中,先行词指人只能用who,指物只能用that。 There is a girl who expects to see you. There is a book that belongs to Tom on the desk. ④关系副词的选择 关系词 先行词 从句成分 例句 when 时间 时间状语 I will never forget the day when we first meet. where 地点 地点状语 This is the house where I was born. why 原因 原因状语 I can’t imagine the reason why he was late for class. 时态:定语从句的时态不受主句的限制 The woman who/that spoke at the meeting yesterday is my mother. (主句)The woman is my mother.(叙述客观事实 用一般现在时) (从句)The woman (who/that) spoke at the meeting yesterday.(句中yesterday表示过去时间) 检测题 一、单项选择 1. I like singers _write their own songs. A. who B. what C. when D. which 2. Tom is the man about _I talked yesterday. A. why B.that C. whom D.where 3. He likes the movies _ that have monsters. A. / B. which C. who D. where 4. She is the person _hair is black. A. that B.whom C. who D. whose 5. I don’t have the book _you need. A.who B. that C. when D.which 6. This book is for the students _native language isn’t English. A.that B.of whom C.whose D.who’s 7. The robbers shouted, “Hands up!I’ll shoot anyone _moves!” A.whom B.that C.who D.whose 8.The dictionary_he paid 50 yuan for is very useful. A.which B.for which C.on which D.about which 9. The boy _ parents died two years ago lives with his grandpa now. A. whose B. who C. his D./ 10.The man_ is smoking is a bus driver. A. whom B. who C. which D. what 二、根据汉语完成句子: 1.This is the engineer (给我们作关于计算机报告的) the other day. 2.My necklace is not (唯一不见的东西). 3.The man (在这间房子里工作的)is an English teacher. 4.The old building (我们住的) has been here for 30 years. 5.The history book (封皮是黄的)was lost. 6.Here is the pen (你昨天丢失的) 7.This is the best book (我读过的) 8.I have lost the pen (我父亲给我买的 9. Wheat is a plant (中国北方 种植的) 10. I don’t like the people (说得多,做得少的) Unit8 介词短语(本单元背诵词组即可) 1、 介词短语在句中可以作表语、宾语补足语、定语或状语等。 He is at the office. We found the girl in the room.我们发现小女孩在房间里。(说明小女孩的状态或动作) We played basketball at the school. 2、 介词+形容词词组 Be happy/pleased/satisfied with be proud of be thankful to be kind/friendly/good to be interested in be surprised at be bored with be strict with be angry with be tired of be afraid/frightened of be ashamed of be worried about be good at be late for be famous as be weak in be popular with be different from be similar to be good for be famous for be full of be busy with , be careful about be harmful to 3、 名词+介词词组 advice on reason for purpose of decision on/about answer/key to respect for interest in experience of opinion of/about/on report on ticket to problem with 4、 介词+动词词组 arrive at/in care for depend on get to get off hear from look for lead to point at suffer from agree with begin with deal with help with look at learn from play against think of worry about belong to care about fight against fight for get on come from laugh at look after pass by smile at wait for ask for decide on disagree with join in learn about prepare for think about talk about 检测题 一、语法选择 ( )(1)Look at that farmer. I feel very sorry _ him. He works so hard in the field, but now it is drying up. A. of B. on C. for D. with ( )(2)The long bridge runs _ two mountains. At its highest point, it is 200 metres off the ground. A. on B. in C. among D. between ( )(3)Our country has made great progress in the fight _ the blue sky and clear water. A. in B. for C. against D. between ( )(4)Whenever I pass _ the West Lake, I always stop to enjoy its beauty. A. through B. over C. into D. by ( )(5)Mr Li is a good teacher and he is always strict _ us. A. with B. off C. about D. in 二、用正确的介词完成下列句子。 1、Simon is good _ Maths. 2、Alice is mad _ Mariah Carey. 3、I’m ready _ lunch. 4、Patrick is interested _ football. 5、John is fond _ singing. 6、Peter is keen _ basketball. 7、Terry is bored _ school. 8、Eating beans is good _ you. 9、Anita is good _ animals. 10、It is good _ the boss to give the workers a day off. 11、It’s kind _ you to lend me 1,000 yuan. 12、I’m worried _ the exams. 13、The canteen is crowded _ students at lunchtime. 14、The canteen is short _ lunch boxes today. 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $$