18 阅读理解 - 【中职专用】山西省近十一年（2014-2024）对口升学英语真题分类汇编

【中职专用】山西省近十一年（2014-2024）对口升学英语真题分类汇编 18阅读理解 （2024年·山西对口升学） 从 A、B、C、D 四个选项中, 选出符合题目要求的最佳选项。 A The fiddler crab (蟹) is a living clock. It indicates the time of day by the colour of its skin, which is dark by day and pale by night. The crab’s changing colour follows a regular twenty-four hour plan that exactly matches the daily rhythm of the sun. Does the crab actually keep time, or does its skin simply answer to the sun’s rays, changing colour according to the amount of light which strikes it? To find out, biologists kept crabs in a dark room for two months. Even without daylight, the crab’s skin colour continued to change exactly on time. This characteristic probably developed gradually in answer to the daily rising and setting of the sun, to help protect the crab from sunlight and enemies. After millions of years it has become completely controlled inside the living body of the crab. The biologists noticed that once each day the colour of the fiddler crab is especially dark, and that each day this happens fifty minutes later than on the day before. From this they discovered that each crab follows not only the rhythm of the sun but also that of the tides (潮水). The crab’s period of greatest darkening is exactly the time of low tide on the beach where it was caught! 51. The fiddler crab is like a clock because it changes color _________. A. in a regular 24-hour rhythm B. in answer to the sun’s rays C. at low tide D. every fifty minutes 52. The crab’s changing colour _____. A. tells the crab what time it is B. protects the crab from the sunlight and enemies C. keeps the crab warm D. is of no real use 53. When the fiddler crabs were kept in the dark, they _____. A. did not change colour B. changed colour more quickly C. changed colour more slowly D. changed colour on the same timetable 54. The crab’s colour-changing ability was probably developed _____. A. in the process of evolution (进化) B. over millions of years C. by the work of biologists D. both A and B 55. The best title for this selection would be _____. A. The Sun and the Tides B. Discoveries in Biology C. A scientific Study D. A Living Clock B To be a good teacher you need some of the gifts of a good actor; you must be able to hold the attention and interest of your audience; you must be a clear speaker with a good strong pleasing voice which is fully under your control; and you must be able to act what you are teaching in order to make its meaning clear． Watch a good teacher and you will see that he does not sit still before his class: he stands the whole time he is teaching; he walks about using his arms hands and fingers to help him in his explanations and his face to express feelings. Listen to him and you will hear the loudness the quality and the musical note of his voice always changing according to what he is talking about． The fact that a good teacher has some of the gifts of a good actor doesn’t mean that he will indeed be able to act well on the stage for there are very important differences between the teacher’s work and the actor’s. The actor has to speak words which he has learnt by heart; he has to repeat exactly the same words each time he plays a certain part even his movements and the ways in which he uses his voice are usually fixed beforehand. What he has to do is to make all these carefully learnt words and actions seem natural on the stage. A good teacher works in quite a different way. His audience takes an active part in his play they ask and answer questions they obey orders and if they don’t understand something they say so. The teacher therefore has to meet the needs of his audience which is his class. He cannot learn his part by heart but must invent it as he goes along. I have known many teachers who were fine actors in class but were unable to take part in a stage-play because they could not keep strictly to what another had written. 56. What is the text about? A. How to become a good teacher. B. What a good teacher should do outside the classroom. C. What teachers and actors could learn from each other. D. The similarities (相似处) and differences between a teacher’s work and an actor’s. 57. The word “audience” in the fourth paragraph means ________. A. students B. people who watch a play C. people who not on the stage D. people who listen to something 58. A good teacher _________. A. knows how to hold the interest of his students B. must have a good voice C. knows how to act on the stage D. stands or sits still while teaching 59 In what way is a teacher’s work different from an actor’s? A. The teacher must learn everything by heart. B. He knows how to control his voice better than an actor. C. He has to deal with unexpected situations. D. He has to use more facial expressions. 60. The main difference between students in class and a theatre audience is that _________. A. students can move around in the classroom B. students must keep silent while theatre audience needn’t C. no memory work is needed for the students D. the students must take part in their teachers’ plays （2023年·山西对口升学） 从 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出符合题目要求的最佳选项。 A Mr. Johnson is a 65-year-old man, living in a small town. There is nobody living with him and he has a big scar (伤疤) on his face which makes him look a little scary. No one talks to him, and no one helps him. One day, a new family moves into his building. They are a nice couple, Mr and Mrs.Clarence, and their children, Amanda and David. The other people who live in the building welcome the new family and tell them not to talk to Mr. Johnson. Amanda and David think this is very silly advice. When they see Mr. Johnson in the building, they always say hello with a smile. Mr. Johnson is very happy to see them and invites them to drink tea with him. He was once a very famous chef and he makes the most delicious desserts in the whole world, in Amanda's opinion. One evening, neighbors in the building hear laughter and the sounds of cups and plates in Mr. Johnson's home, It sounds like a great dinner. The next day, Mrs.Clarence talks to her neighbors, "You really must get to know Mr. Johnson. He is so funny! And he is a fantastic chef. He told us the amazing story of his scar. He had an accident when he was helping his parents on their farm." The neighbors all feel ashamed. They all start to follow the examples the Clarence gave them. Everyone in the building is happier because of the good example the Clarence family set for them. Mr. Johnson does not feel lonely any more because he is now part of the community. 51. Mr. Johnson's neighbors used to be . A. angry with him B. afraid of him C. sorry for him D. kind to him 52. Mr. Johnson got his scar when . A. He saved a child in a fire B. He had a car accident C. He was helping on the farm D. He was cooking as a chef 53. According to the passage, we can infer . A. the Clarence think their neighbors' advice is very good. B. Mr. Johnson's neighbors thought he was an interesting man. C. Mr. Johnson makes the worst desserts in the world D. Mr. Johnson has a better relationship with his neighbors now. 54. From the passage, we can learn that . A. never Judge a book by its cover B. where there is a will, there is a way C. a friend in need is a friend indeed D. a good beginning is half done 55. Choose the right meaning of the underlined word "ashamed" in the last paragraph A. 害怕的 B. 羞愧的 C. 高兴的 D. 悲伤的 B Did your parents read bedtime stories when you were child? Do you like it? Although most parents don't like doing it after a long and exhausting workday, reading bedtime stories does make a positive influence on your child's emotional and mental health. It helps to develop children's imagination. Reading bedtime stories can develop your children's ability to form pictures or ideas in their mind. A healthy imagination makes their minds work well and teaches them to think quickly yet effectively. It improves children's language. Reading also improves your children's language. They'll most likely use those words in the stories you read right after they hear them. Listening to many stories helps kids to express their opinions better. Reading books makes people more learned. When children hear the stories you tell, they lean grammar and vocabulary, for example. It helps them be successful in school as they already know a lot from your stories. What's more, every story has its moral aspect and tells them what's good and what's bad. These reasons leave no chances of doubting whether to read bedtime stories to your children or not. Do you agree to the suggestions above? 56. Why don't most parents like reading bedtime stories to their kids? A. Because they feel tired after work B. Because they feel like doing other things C. Because they are busy doing housework D. Because they think it unnecessary to do so 57. The underlined word "them" in the third paragraph refers to (指代) ? A. minds B.children. C. teachers D.parents. 58. Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE according to the passage? A. Reading bedtime stories does make a great influence on your kid B. If you are tired or busy, you don't need to read bedtime stories to your children C. Reading can enlarge children's vocabulary D. Reading can tell children, what is good and what is bad or wrong 59. Which of the following statements is NOT the advantange of reading bedtime stories according to the passage ? A. It helps to develop Children's imagination B. It helps to improves children C. It helps to makes children smarter D. It helps to keeps children healthy 60. Which one do you think is the best title of this passage? A. A Good Reading Habit B. Bedtime Stories, C. Advantages of Reading Bedtime stories. D. Reading Suggestions （2022年·山西对口升学） 从 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出符合题目要求的最佳选项。 A In 1966, a dead author of detective stories saved the life of a 19-month-old baby in a most unusual way. The author was Agatha Christie, a gentle married lady and one of the most successful writers of detective stories in the world. In June 1977, a baby girl became seriously ill in Qatar( 卡塔尔), near Saudi Arabia. Doctors were unable to diagnose the cause of her illness with confidence, so she was flown to London and admitted to Hammer smith Hospital, where specialist help was available. She was then only semi-conscious and on the “Dangerously Ill” list. A team of doctors hurried to examine the baby only to discover that they, too, were confused by the very unusual symptoms(症状). While they were discussing the baby’s case, a nurse asked to speak to them. “Excuse me,” said Nurse Marsha Maitlan, “but I think the baby is suffering from thallium(铅) poisoning.” “What makes you think that?” Dr. Brown asked. “Thallium poisoning is extremely rare.” “A few days ago, I was reading a novel called A Pale Horse by Agatha Christie,” Nurse Maitlan explained. “In the book, somebody uses thallium poison, and all the symptoms are described. They’re exactly the same as the baby’s.” “You’re very observant and you may be right,” another doctor said. “We’ll carry out some tests and find out whether it’s thallium or not.” The tests showed that the baby had indeed been poisoned by thallium, a rare metallic substance used in making optical glass. Once they knew the cause of illness, the doctors were able to give the baby the correct treatment. She soon recovered and was sent back to Qatar. Questions revealed that the poison might have come from an insecticide (杀虫剂) used in Qatar. 51. Why was the baby sent to London? A. Because she was a British girl whose parent were working in Qatar. B. Because the hospitals in Qatar were full at that time. C. Because she was the daughter of a doctor in one of the hospitals in London. D. Because the Qatar doctors were not sure they could cure her. 52. When the baby was first admitted to hospital in the U.K., what did the doctors think of her case? A. They thought it was an urgent one. B. They thought it was a matter of normal medical tests. C. They thought it was quite a simple one. D. They thought it was the result of thallium poisoning. 53. Who first suggested the correct cause of the baby’s illness? A. A doctor in Qatar. B. Nurse Maitlan. C. Dr. Brown. D. Agatha Christie. 54. Nurse Maitlan spoke to the doctors . A. when she heard them discussing the possibility of thallium poisoning B. because she could see that the doctors had made a mistake C. to suggest a possible cause to the patient’s illness D. after she had read about a horse which had been poisoned 55. According to the passage, what caused the baby’s illness? A. Contact with a pair of infected spectacles. B. Contact with a harmful substance used to kill insects. C. Contact with machinery used in making optical glass. D. Contact with her mother who carried thallium germs in her body. B Have you ever wondered why different animals or pests have their particular colours? Colours in them seem to be used mainly to protect themselves. Birds, especially seagulls are very fond of locusts, but birds can't easily catch locusts because locusts change their colours together with the change of the colour of crops. When crops are green, locusts look green. But when crops are ripe, locusts take on exactly the same brown colour as crops have. Some other pests with different colours from plants are usually easily found and eaten by their enemies. So they have to hide themselves in terror for lives and appear only at night. If you study the animal life in any part of the world, you will find the main use of colouring is to protect themselves. Bears, wolves and other beasts move quietly through forests. They are usually invisible to the eyes of hunters, because they have the colour much like the barks（树皮） of trees. An even more strange act remains to be noticed. A kind of fish living in seas can send out a kind of very black liquid when it faces danger. While the liquid is over, its enemies cannot find it, and it quickly swims away. Thus, it has existed up to now though it is not powerful at all. 56. This passage mainly talks about . A. the change of colour in locusts B. the protective colouration of animals and pests C. how a certain sea fish protects itself D. animals or pests can dye themselves different colours 57. Locusts are but they aren't easily wiped out by their enemies because . A. animals; they are powerful enough B. beasts; they are dangerous to their enemies C. pests; they take on the same colours as crops D. birds; they fly very fast 58. The pests that have different colours from plants usually appear at night because . A. their enemies can easily find them and eat them B. they have the habit of coming out in darkness C. It’s easy for them to destroy plants in darkness D. birds take their rest when night comes 59. Bears and wolves have the same colours as the barks of trees because . A. they fear other beasts B. they like brown or grey colours C. they enjoy walking through forest quietly D. the colours help prevent themselves from being noticed 60. A certain fish living in seas has lived through millions of years because A. it is the most powerful in the sea B. no other fishes can swim as fast as it can C. it can send out a kind of liquid which makes its enemies unable to find it D. the liquid it sends out can kill its enemies （2021年·山西对口升学） 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出符合题目要求的最佳选项。 A In the United States, when one becomes rich, he wants people to know it. And even if he does not become very rich, he wants people to think that he is. That is what “keeping up with the Joneses” is about. It is the story of someone who tried to look as rich as his neighbours. The expression was first used in 1913 by a young American called Arthur Momand. He told this story about himself. He began earning $125 a week at the age of 23. That was a lot of money in those days. He got married and moved with his wife to a very wealthy neighbourhood outside New York City. When he saw that rich people rode horses, Momand went horseback riding every day. When he saw that rich people had servants, Momand and his wife also hired a servant and gave big parties for their new neighbours. It was like a race, but one could never finish his race because one was always trying to keep up. The race ended for Momand and his wife when they could no longer pay for their new way of life. They moved back to an apartment in New York City. Momand looked around him and noticed that many people do things just to keep up with rich lifestyle of their neighbours. He saw the funny side of it and started to write a series of short stories. He called it “Keeping up with the Joncses” because “Jones” is a very common name in the United States. “Keeping up with the Joneses” came to mean keeping up with rich lifestyle of the people around you. Momand’s series appeared in different newspapers across the country for over 28 years. People never seem to get tired of keeping up with the Joneses. And there are “Jonses” in every city of the world. But one must get tired of trying to keep up with the Joneses because no matter what one does, Mr. Jones always seems to be ahead. 36. Some people want to keep up with the Joneses because they ________. A. want to be as rich as their neighbours B. want others to know or to think that they are rich C. don’t want others to know they are rich D. want to be happy 37. It can be inferred (推断) from the story that rich people like to ________. A. live outside New York City B. live in New York City C. live in apartments D. have many neighbours 38. The underlined word neighbourhood in the second paragraph means ________. A. a person who lives near another B. people living in an area C. an area near the place referred to D. an area in another town or city 39. Arthur Momand used the name “Jones” in his series of short stories because “Jones” is ________. A. an important name B. a popular name in the United States C. his neighbour’s name D. not a good name 40. According to the writer, it is ________ to keep up with the Joneses. A. correct B. interesting C. impossible D. good B One of the favorite foods in the United States is the hamburger, a kind of flat round bread with fine-cut beef in between. The favorite place to buy a hamburger is a fast food restaurant. At fast food restaurants, people order their food, wait a few minutes to get it over the counter, and carry it to their tables themselves. People also take their food out of the restaurant and eat it in their cars or in their homes. At some fast food restaurants, people can order their food, pay for it and pick it up without leaving their cars. There are many kinds of fast food restaurants in the United States. Most of the restaurants sell hamburgers or other popular foods among Americans. In addition, there are many fast food restaurants that serve Chinese food, Italian food, chicken, seafood and ice-cream. The idea of a fast food restaurant is so popular that nearly every kind of food can be found. Fast food restaurants are popular because they show the American way of life. First, they are not formal restaurants. People wear any type of dress when they go to a fast food place. Second, they are fast. People who are busy do not want to spend time preparing their food or waiting while someone else prepares it. In fast food restaurants the food is usually ready before the customer even orders it. Finally, most food in a fast food restaurant is not expensive. Therefore, people can often eat at a fast food restaurant without spending too much money, while they may not be able to go to more expensive restaurants very often. 41. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage? A. Chinese food is also served in some fast food restaurants. B. People can have almost every kind of food in fast food restaurants. C. Fast food is usually expensive. D. Fast food can be taken out of the restaurants. 42. Fast food restaurants are popular because they ________. A. are busy B. are fast C. are expensive restaurants D. serve expensive food 43. Which of the following food is not available in the fast food restaurant? A. Fish. B. Beef. C. Chicken. D. Wine. 44. What can you eat in the fast food restaurant? A. Chinese food. B. Italy food. C. American food. D. Above all. 45 The fast food restaurants popular in the United States have ________ views. A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4 （2020年·山西对口升学） 从 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出符合题目要求的最佳选项。 A Blind imitation (模仿) is self-destruction. To those who do not recognize their unique worth. Imitation appears attractive: to those who know their strength. Imitation is unacceptable. In the early stages of skill or character development, imitation is helpful. When I first learned to cook, I used recipes (菜谱) and turned out some tasty dishes. But soon I grew bored. Why follow someone else’s way of cooking when I could create my own? Imitating role models is like using training wheels on a child's bicycle; they help you get going, but once you find your own balance, you fly faster and farther without relying on them. In daily life, imitation can hurt us if we subconsciously (下意识地) hold poor role models. If, as a child, you observed people whose lives were bad, you may have accepted their fear and pain as normal and gone on to follow what they did. If you do not make strong choices for yourself, you will get the results of the weak choices of others. In the field of entertainment, our culture glorifies celebrities. Those stars look great on screen. But when they step off screen, their personal lives may be disastrous. If you are going to follow someone, focus on their talent, not their bad character or unacceptable behaviors. Blessed is the person willing to act on their sudden desire to create something unique. Think of the movies,books, teachers, and friends that have affected you most deeply. They touched you because their creations were motivated by inspiration, not desperation. The world is changed not by those who do what has been done before them, but by those who do what has been done inside them. Creative people have an endless resource of ideas. The problem a creator faces is not running out of material; it is what to do with the material knocking at the door of imagination. Study your role models, accept the gifts they have given, and leave behind what does not server. Then you can say, “I stand on the shoulders of my ancestors” tragedies and stories, and know that they are cheering on. 51. Imitation proves useful when you ______. A. know you are unique B. lose the balance of life C. begin to learn something new D. get tired of routine practice 52. To avoid the bad result of imitation, we should ______. A. forget daily fear and pain B. choose the right example C. ask others for decisions D. stay away from stars 53. According to the author, the world moves on because of those who are ______. A. desperate to insurance others with their knowledge B. ready to turn their original ideas into reality C. eager to discover what their ancestors did D. willing to accept others’ ideas 54. The trouble a creator faces is ______. A. the lack of strong motivation B. the absence of practical ideas C. how to search for more materials D. how to use imagination creatively 55. What is the author’s purpose in writing this passage? A. To highlight the importance of creatively. B. To criticize the characters of role models. C. To compare imitation with creation. D. To explain the meaning of success. B Friends play an important part in our lives, and although we may take friendship for granted (理所当然的), we often don’t clearly understand how to make friends. While we get on well with a number of people,we are usually friends with only a very few. For example,the average among students is about 6 per person. In all the cases of friendly relationships,two people like one another and enjoy being together, but beyond that, the degree of intimacy(亲密) between them and the reasons for their shared interests vary(变化) greatly. As we get to know people,we think about things like age, race, and the economic condition. It is more difficult to get on with people when there is a marked difference in age and the background. Some friendly relationships can be kept on argument and discussion, but it is usual for close friends to have similar ideas and beliefs,the same opinions and interests- they often talk about “being on the same wavelength”. It generally takes time to reach this point. And the more intimately involved people become, the more they depend on one another. People who want to be friends have to learn to put up with annoying habits and to stand differences. In contrast (比较) with the marriage, there are no friendship ceremonies to strengthen the association(友谊) between two people. But the supporting and understanding of each other that results from shared experiences and emotions does seem to create a powerful bond,which can overcome differences in the background, and break down barriers(障碍)of age, class or race. 56. According to the passage, ______. A. friends are those who must share their interests B. friends are closer than people who just get on with each other C. all people know how to make friends D. every student has six friends 57. When we make friends, we consider such things as age, race, and background, because ______. A. it is not easy to have a friendly relationship with people when there is a marked difference in age and background B. the degree of friendship between two people and the reasons for their shared interest can vary greatly C. friends need to know all these things D. these are the most important factors to make friends 58. When people talk about “being on the same wavelength”, they mean that they ______. A. watch the same TV program B. are the same in all ways C. have the same background D. share the same way of thinking and the same interests 59. Which of the following is NOT implied in the passage? A. Even friends may have different opinions. B. Friends never argue with each other. C. It generally takes time for people to become close friends. D. Someone’s habits may make his friends unhappy. 60. To strengthen friendly relationship, people ______. A. must hold friendship ceremonies B. have to get rid of difference in background C. should make friends with those who are of the same age of the same race D. should support . （2019年·山西对口升学） 从 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出符合题目要求的最佳选项。 A Americans like to travel on their yearly holiday. Today, more and more travelers in the United States are spending nights at small houses or inns instead of hotels. They get a room for the night and the breakfast the next morning． Rooms for the night in private homes with breakfast have been popular with travelers in Europe for many years. In the past five to ten years, these bed-and-breakfast places have become popular in the United States. Many of these America's bed-and-breakfast inns are old historic buildings. Some bed-and-breakfast inns have only a few rooms; while others are much larger. Some inns do not provide telephones or televisions in the rooms; while others do． Staying at a bed-and-breakfast inn is much different from staying at a hotel. Usually the cost is much less. Staying at an inn is almost like visiting someone's home. The owners are glad to tell about the areas and the interesting places to visit. Many vacationers say they enjoy the chance to meet local families. 51. Americans take a holiday trip ______． A. all the year round B. for years C. every year D. every other year 52. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true？ A. Some Americans like to stay at bed-and-breakfast homes instead of at hotels． B. The bed-and-breakfast inns are private homes open to vacationers． C. The bed-and-breakfast inn owners provide a morning meal for their visitors and a room for the night． D. The bed-and-breakfast inns have been popular in America for a very long time． 53. Staying at the bed-and-breakfast inns, ______. A. The travelers needn’t pay anything B. The travelers don’t have to pay for the telephone or television C. The travelers can meet and talk with the local people D. The owners will show the travelers around the area 54. Which is TRUE according to the passage？ A. European and American vacationers like staying at bed-and-breakfast inns． B. All Americans enjoy traveling． C. These bed-and-breakfast inns are all old historic buildings． D. Staying at a bed-and-breakfast inn is just like at the traveler's home． 55. The best title for this passage is ______. A. Travelling Americans B. Home Inns in America C. Changing Your Homes into B&B D. How Americans are Learning from Europeans B We can make mistakes at any age. Some mistakes we make are about money. But most mistakes are about people. "Did Jerry really care when I broke up with Helen？" "When I got that great job, did Jim really feel good about it? Or did he envy（嫉妒） my luck? " When we look back, doubts like these can make us feel bad. But when we look back, it is too late． Why do we go wrong about our friends, or our enemies? Sometimes what people say hides their real meanings. And if we do not really listen, we miss the feeling behind the words. Suppose someone tells you, "You're a lucky dog!" That is being friendly. But lucky dog? There is a bit of envy in those words. Maybe he doesn't see it himself. But bringing in the word "dog" puts you down a little. What he may be saying is that he doesn't think you deserve your luck． How can you tell the real meaning behind someone's words? One way is to take a good look at the person talking. Do his words fit the way he looks? Does what he says agree with the tone of voice? His posture (姿态）? The look in his eyes? Stop and think. The minutes you spend thinking about the real meaning of what people say to you may save another mistake． 56. This passage is mainly about ______ . A. how to interpret what people say B. what to do when you listen to others talking C. how to avoid mistakes when you communicate with people D. why we go wrong with people sometimes 57. According to the author, the reason why we go wrong about our friends is that ______ . A. people usually say one thing but mean another B. people tend be annoyed when we check what they say C. we fail to listen carefully when they talk D. we tend to doubt what our friends say 58. In the sentence “ Maybe he doesn’ t see it himself” in the second paragraph, “ it ” refers to ______ . A. being friendly B. a bit of envy C. lucky dog D. your luck 59. When we listen to a person talking, the most important thing for us to do is to ______ . A. notice the way the person is talking B. take a good look at the person talking C. mind his tone, his posture and the look in his eyes D. examine the real meaning of what he says based on his manner, his tone and his posture. 60. The author most probably is a ______ . A. teacher B. sportsman C. psychologist（心理学家） D. doctor （2018年·山西对口升学） 从 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出符合题目要求的最佳选项。 A In America, Mother’s Day is celebrated on the second Sunday in May. On that day we send our mothers a special Mother’s Day card, and perhaps some flowers or candy, to show our love and appreciation. Although Mother’s Day is a relatively new holiday in America, more and more other countries are also setting aside a day to honor their mothers. It all started over a hundred years ago with a woman named Anna May. Anna was born on May 1,1864, just before the end of the Civil War and the assassination of President Lincoln. She was the daughter of a “minister”, which in American English means a church leader. She was a quiet girl who liked to study in school, but she liked everyone and was liked by everyone as well. After she graduated, Anna worked for a life insurance company in Philadelphia. Then, in 1906, her mother died. It was the second Sunday in May. In the months that followed, Anna began to change. No longer was she so gentle, so relaxed and easy-going. Instead she now had just one goal for her life--to have her mother and all the others honored throughout the whole world on the second Sunday of May. After more than a year of careful planning, Anna arranged the first Mother’s Day church service, on May 10, 1908, in Crafton, West Virginia. The next year Anna was able to get the city of Philadelphia to proclaim the second Sunday of May as an official Mother’s Day. After three more years, the state of West Virginia, where Anna’s mother had lived, made Mother’s Day a statewide observance--for a holiday in the normal sense, but still a day to remember what mothers have done for their children and society. 51. Which answer is right about Mother’s Day? A. In America, Mother’s Day is a holiday with a very long history. B. More and more countries are putting aside their tradition of celebrating Mother’s Day. C. In America, Mother’s Day is on the second Sunday in May. D. Throughout the world, Mother’s Day is celebrated on the same day. 52. Choose the right explanation of the word “observance” in the last paragraph. A. remark made by people B. paying close attention C. performance of certain tradition D. notice paid widely 53. How long in all had Anna spent to establish Mother’s Day in West Virginia? A. from May 10, 1908 to May 10, 1911 B. for more than four years C. for more than three years D. for about three years 54. Choose the right understanding of this passage. A. Anna was born just before the assassination of President Lincoln which ended the Civil War. B. Anna was a daughter of a minister which in English means a church worker. C. Anna’s mother’s death had done a little damage to her easy life. D. The Mother’s Day celebrated in West Virginia is a day with special meaning. 55. What is most probably to be said in a following paragraph? A. Mother’s Day is celebrated in Christian countries only B. Mother’s Day gradually became a conventional celebration. C. Anna retired from her job with a fortune of over a hundred thousand dollars. D. People stopped buying candy to their mothers. B One day a few years ago, a very funny thing happened to a neighbor of mine. He is a teacher at one of London’s big medical schools. He had finished his teaching for the summer term and was at the airport on his way to Russia to give a lecture. He had put a few clothes and his lecture notes in his shoulder bag , and he had put Rupert , the skeleton (人体骨架）to be used in his lecture , in a large brown suitcase. At the airport desk, he suddenly thought that he had forgotten to buy a newspaper. He left his suitcase near the desk and went over to the shop. When he got back, he discovered that someone had taken his suitcase by mistake. He often wonders what they said when they got home and found Rupert. 56. Who wrote the story? A. Rupert’s teacher. B. The neighbor’s teacher. C. A medical school teacher. D. The teacher’s neighbor. 57. Why did the teacher put a skeleton in his suitcase? A. He needed it for the summer term in London. B. He needed it for the lecture he was going to give. C. He wanted to take it to Russia for medical research. D. He wanted to take it home as he had finished his teaching. 58. What happened at the airport? A. The skeleton went missing. B. The skeleton was stolen. C. The teacher forgot his suitcase. D. The teacher took the wrong suitcase. 59. Which of the following best tells the teacher’s feeling about the incident? A. He was angry. B. He thinks it very funny. C. He feels helpless without Rupert. D. He feels good without Rupert. 60. Which of the following might have happened afterwards? A. The teacher got back Rupert but not the suitcase. B. The teacher got back neither the suitcase nor Rupert. C. The teacher got back the suitcase but not Rupert. D. The teacher got back both the suitcase and Rupert. （2017年·山西对口升学） 从 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出符合题目要求的最佳选项。 A One day after school, I went to the teacher’s office to see my teacher, but nobody was there. As I was about to leave, I noticed a piece of paper on the floor. I picked it up and saw the words "FINAL-TERM EXAMINATION" at the top. I put the paper into my school bag secretly and ran out of the room. After I came back home, I took out the paper quickly. It was the exam paper of my worst subject, History. I felt excited. My heart beat fast. I took out my History book and started working on the answer. I had never answered any questions so seriously. On the day of the History exam, I went into the exam hall confidently. When the paper was sent to me, I dreamt of getting the highest mark in the whole grade and could not help smiling. “My History teacher always encouraged me to work hard and get better grades, but I let him down time and time again. This time I will give him a big surprise,” I thought. When the teacher said we could start, I turned the paper over. To my surprise, all the questions were different. Later I felt nervous. In the end, I almost left the paper undone. After the exam, I ran to the toilet, took out the paper and carefully read it from the top. Oh! It was last year’s exam paper. I read all the questions but I didn’t read the date. This is a lesson from which I know I have to put my feet on the ground. I regretted doing such a silly thing. After that, I told my teacher the truth and I promised to be honest. From then on, I worked harder than ever before. 56.The writer went to the teacher’s office to ______. A. take an exam         B. see his teacher C. get his school bag  D. ask some questions 57.The writer always  ______ in his History exams. A. got high marks         B. did silly things C. let his teacher down  D. left the paper undone 58.The writer felt ______ when he first saw all the questions were different. A. surprised  B. excited C. nervous     D. crazy 59.When did the writer know it was last year’s exam paper? A. Before he read all the questions. B. As soon as he returned home. C. Until he went into the teacher’s office. D. After he read the paper in the toilet. 60.What might the writer write in his diary? A. After the exam, my teacher asked me to go to his office. My heart... B. I’m glad that I did very well in the exam. I gave my teacher... C. When I turned over the paper,  I couldn’t help smiling. My teacher... D. I'm truly sorry for what I did. Everyone should be honest. I’ll ... B Making a good job choice is almost as good as choosing a good life. So, choosing a job is one of the most important decisions to make in life. For my job, there are three important things that I will consider: The first one － that I must work in an area I like － is most important to me. Someone once said if you find a job that you enjoy, then you won’t have to work another day. I would like to work in an area where I can be more creative. I would like to be the most valuable member there. All this is possible only if I like what I do. The second one is that the area of my work must lead me to solve some new and hard problems. I would like to stay in the same area for a long time. In order to make it happen, the work must provide enough problems. More than just working to live, I enjoy making a difference and trying my best during the whole process. I would also like to be well remunerated for my hard work, so I can lead a comfortable life with this hard-won money. Then I can provide the best for my family. The third important thing is that I would like to work in an area that would help other people. The work in my mind is in fields such as the army, training or management. In such areas, I can help to develop the abilities of others and bring out their best. It would be a most satisfying job to help young people to become the best that they can be. When I become old, I would like to look back with a great sense of satisfaction that thousands of people have become better persons through my work. I accept the idea that no one should make a choice of a job suddenly or quickly. He should decide what he wants to be in the long run. Then, he should decide how he works towards it. He should study the proper courses, read the books and speak to knowledgeable persons in that field before making a job choice. A good choice will most probably lead to a better life. 61.According to the passage, a good job choice probably makes people ______. A. solve fewer problems B. choose a good life C. be good family members D. provide hard things 62.The writer considers an enjoyable job most important because ______. A. he has to bring out his best B. it can make him more creative C. he will have to work another day D. it is possible for him to live better 63.The underlined word “remunerated” in the passage means ______. A. trained B. praised C. accepted D. paid 64.The writer wants to tell us that everyone should ______. A. become a knowledgeable person B. join the army to become a better person C. make preparations to find a satisfying job D. help young people to choose an interesting job 65.What is the best title for the passage? A. My Job Choice B. My Favorite Job C. My Comfortable Life D. My Sense of Satisfaction C Are you shy? If you are, you are not alone. In fact, close to 50 percent of people are shy. Almost 80 percent of people feel shy at some point in their lives. These days, shyness is becoming more and more common. Now, scientists are trying to understand shyness. They have some interesting ideas about why people are shy. Is it possible to be born shy? Many scientists say yes. They say 15 to 20 percent of babies behave shyly. These babies are a little quieter and more watchful than other babies. Interestingly, these shy babies usually have shy parents. As a result, scientists think that some shyness is genetic. Family size might cause people to be shy as well. Scientists at Harvard University studied shy children. They found that 66 percent of them had older brothers and sisters. As a result, they became shy. At the same time, children with no brothers and sisters may be shy as well. Growing up alone, they often play by themselves. They are not able to learn the same social skills as children from big families. You may also be shy because of where you were born. When scientists studied shyness in different countries, they found surprising differences. In Japan, most people said they were shy. But in Israel, only one in three people said so. What explains the difference? One scientist says the Japanese and Israelis have different opinions of failure. In Japan, when people do not succeed, they feel bad about themselves. They blame（责备）themselves for their failure. In Israel, the opposite is true. Israelis often blame failure on outside reasons, such as family, teachers, friends, or bad luck. In Israel, freedom of opinion and risk taking are strongly supported. This may be why Israelis worry less about failure and are less shy. For shy people, it can be difficult to make friends, speak in class, and even get a good job. But scientists say you can get over your shyness. They suggest trying new things and practicing conversation. And don’t forget---if you are shy, you are not the only one. 66.What is the passage mainly about? A. Happiness. B. Shyness. C. Kindness. D. Loneliness. 67.What does the underlined word “genetic” in paragraph 2 probably mean? A. Passed down from parents. B. Learned from friends. C. Taught by teachers. D. Made up by brothers. 68.What can be learned from the passage? A. Most little babies are born shy and quiet. B. If you are shy now, you will be shy forever. C. Many shy children have older brothers and sisters. D. Most Israeli people are shy of expressing opinions. 69.We can learn from the passage that ______ may cause shyness. A. genetics, grown--ups and birthplace B. genetics, family size and birthplace C. family size, grown--ups and failure D. genetics, family size and freedom 70.Scientists suggest that shy people can get over their shyness by ______. A. trying new things and practicing conversation. B. blaming their failure on outside reasons. C. getting themselves away from their shy parents. D. trying to understand reasons for their shyness. （2016年·山西对口升学） 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出空白处的最佳选项。 ( A ) For several years, Americans have enjoyed tele-shopping-watching TV and buying things by phone. Now tele-shopping is starting in Europe. In a number of European countries, people can turn on their TVs and shop for clothes, jewelry, food, toys, and many other things. Tele-shopping is becoming popular in Sweden, for example. The biggest Swedish company sells different kinds of things on TV in 15 European countries, and in one year it made $100 million. In France there are two tele-shopping channels, and the French spend about $20 million a year to buy things through those channels. In Germany, until last year tele-shopping was only possible on one channel for l hour every day. Then the government allowed more tele-shopping. Other channels can open for tele-business, including the largest American tele-shopping company and a 24-hour tele-shopping company. German businesses are hoping this new tele-shopping will help them sell more things. Some people like tele-shopping because it allows them to do their shopping without leaving their homes. With all the problems of traffic in the cities, this is an important reason. But at the same time, other Europeans do not like this new way of shopping. They call tele-shopping "Junk (垃圾) on the air". Many Europeans usually worry about the quality of the things for sale on TV. Good quality is important to them, and they believe they cannot be sure about the quality of the things on TV. The need for high quality means that European tele-shopping companies will have to be different from the American companies. They will have to be more careful about the quality of the things they sell. They will also have to work harder to sell things that the buyers cannot touch or see in person. 56. Tele-shopping is in Europe. A. not popular B. growing C. not possible D. cheap 57. People like tele-shopping because it is . A. American B. cheaper C. easier D. more popular 58. Some Europeans don’t like tele-shopping because they . A. don't like to buy things B. don't watch TV C. believe the things sold on TV are expensive D. think the things sold on TV are of bad quality 59. In Germany, tele-shopping may . A. help businessmen get more money B. keep the shops open longer C. have fewer buyers D. bring better TV programs 60. The best title of this passage is . A. American Tele-shopping B. Tele-shopping Companies C. Tele-shopping in Europe D. Tele-shopping-Junk on the Air ( B ) When I was a child, my parents always told me that I should never talk to strangers. This was part of a whole list of things I should never do: Never accept food or candy from strangers, never get in a car with strangers, and so on. But if we didn’t start a conversation with strangers, we’d never make new friends. We’d never get a job. We may miss the joy that comes from talking with strangers. And the more people you know, the more chances you can get. The following passage offers you some advice on how to break the ice. Don’t just stare at your shoes. Go and say “Hi” to that new guy. It will be easier to break the ice if you know more about different cultures. British: Beautiful day, isn’t it？ The weather in Britain is changeable. So, it is one of the topics the British care most about. And there’s a simple rule: Say “Yes” whether you agree with the person’s idea on the weather or not. That’s because the British start a conversation using the weather so that they can continue their talk. French: Where did you go on holiday？ To talk with a French person, the safest way is to ask his or her last holiday. French students enjoy a 10-to-15-day holiday every two months. French employees get more than six weeks of holidays per year. American: So, where are you from？ The US is so big and people move so often that location is always a source of talk. You can try to find a connection with the place they’re from. For example, if someone’s from Los Angeles, you could say: “Oh, I have a friend who studied there” 61. Why did the writer’s parents tell him not to talk to strangers？ A. It was dangerous. B. Is wasted time. C. It was part of the life. D. Their son didn’t like to talk to strangers. 62. The best thing to talk with British is . . A. the fog B. the rain C. the weather D. the wind 63. To talk with a French person, the safest way is . . A. his or her family B. his or her parents C. his or her friends D. his or her last holiday 64. The location is always a source of talk in America because . . A. they are energetic B. they love their home C. los Angeles is their location D. the US is so big and people move so often 65. According to the passage, the writer thinks . . A. his parents were right B. he can talk with strangers freely C. It is necessary to talk with strangers D. he can find jobs easily. ( C ) Height is just one of the thousands of features your genes（基因） decide. In fact, because you have two parents, your genes provide you a height that usually lands somewhere between the height between each parent. If both your parents are tall, then most probably you will be tall, too. If you have questions about how tall you’re going to be, ask your doctor if he or she can help you find it out. But genes don’t decide everything. For example, eating an unhealthy diet can keep you from growing to your full potential(潜力). Getting plenty of sleep and enough exercise will help you grow to the expected height. No doubt you’re wondering how fast you should grow. It depends. There’s no perfect or right answer. Generally speaking, kids grow about two inches (six centimeters) a year between age three and the time when they start puberty. Your doctor will know how your growth has been going over the years. Two centimeters here and two inches there are not nearly as important as the height you’re at now, how you’ve been growing up to this point, and what other changes your body may be going through. Don’t be nervous if you seem to have grown a lot in a very short time. Everyone has a growth spurt（高峰）during puberty. The age for starting puberty is about 10 for girls and about 11 for boys. But it can be earlier or later, between 7 and 13 for girls and 7 and 15 for boys. You’ll usually begin to notice that you’re growing faster about a year or after your body starts to show the first changes of puberty. 66. If you want to know how tall you shall grow, . A. you should have enough exercise B. you can ask your doctor for help C. you should have a healthy diet D. You can record your growth during puberty 67. After reading this passage, we can learn . A. how good it is to be a doctor B. how much sleep time we need C. why genes can’t decide everything D. what is a healthy diet for children 68. The underlined word “puberty” means in Chinese. A. 童年时期 B. 婴幼儿时期 C. 习惯养成期 D. 生长发育期 69. Which is NOT mentioned in the passage? A. Your height most probably depends on how tall your parents are. B. Girls’ age for starting puberty is usually earlier than boys’. C. The time showing the first changes of puberty is never noticed. D. You may be nervous sometimes when you grow too fast. 70. This passage is mainly about . A. how the genes work in your body B. the times at which you grow the most C. how you grow during your puberty D. how you grow to a certain height （2015年·山西对口升学） 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出符合题目要求的最佳选项。 ( A ) Gladys Holm was a secretary. She worked in an office all her life. Gladys made about $15,000 a year. She died when she was 86 years old. And she left a big surprise—$18 million!She gave the money to a children’s hospital. Gladys Holm never got married or had any children. But she always liked children, and she wanted to help them.When her friend’s daughter was ill in hospital. Gladys brought her a toy bear. After that, she visited the hospital many times. Every time she visited, she brought toy bears for those children. After that, people started to call Gladys the“Toy bear Lady”. Gladys always gave toys and presents to her friends and family but no one knew she had a lot of money. She lived in a small house outside Chicago. Everyone was very surprised when they learned she was a millionaire. A family friend said,“She always gave us nice presents and things, but we didn’t know she was rich.” How did Gladys get so much money? She asked her boss how to make more money, and she listened to what he said. She brought the stocks that he told her to buy, and she got very rich. Before she died, she talked to her friends about“giving something to the children’s hospital”. No one knew that the“something”was $18 million! 56.Gladys Holm often visited the hospital and gave children toy bears because_______. A. she had too much money B. she had a lot of toy bears C. she had never got married and had no children D. she liked children very much 57. People started to call Gladys the“Toy Bear Lady”________. A. after she visited the children in hospital many times B. after she died C. before her friend’s daughter was ill D. before she worked with her boss 58. Everyone was surprised that ______. A. Gladys lived such a long life  B. Gladys lived in a small house outside Chicago C. Gladys had so much money  D. Gladys always gave her friends nice presents 59. _______, so she got rich. A. Gladys made $15,000 a year as a secretary B. Gladys did what the boss told her to do C. Gladys got the money from the boss D. Gladys did another job in the hospital 60. When Gladys Holm became a millionaire, _________ . A. she spent most of the money on nice presents and things B. she still lived in the same way C. she stopped working D. she could hardly wait to tell her friends and family ( B ) Every day, it is easy to see advertisements in English all around us. Look at your own bags and clothes, and at the bags and clothes of your classmates. How many different advertisements with English words can you see? Often bags and clothes show the name of the company that made them. This is a popular form. A special picture or symbol called a logo (标识语) is sometimes used. Logos appear on many different products. They are popular because when you see a logo, it is hard to forget that product or company. It is common to see advertisements on TV and hear them on the radio. Most advertisements are very short. Sometimes the advertisers use a short sentence which is easy for people to say and remember. Nike, for example, has a simple English sentence which is used all around the world: “Just do it.” Advertisements often use funny situations as well. It is simple to remember it. All advertisements are designed to make people buy their products. An advertisement for a soft drink, for example, might show a group of young people who are having fun. The young people are al1 drinking the soft drink. Advertisers are saying to you, “Why don’t you buy this drink and be like these people? You can be young and modern.” You might think that advertisements are not after you, but the next time you buy a soft drink, ask yourself this question: Why am I buying this particular (特定的) product? 61. From the passage,we know that ______. A. all the advertisements around us are written in English B. many bags have the name of the company that made them C. having soft drinks makes a person young and modern D. advertisements are only after young people 62. A good logo is ______. A. easy to remember B. a useful product C. difficult to understand D. easy to buy 63. People are most likely to remember an advertisement that is ______. A. in English B. long C. funny D. famous 64. All advertisements are designed to ______. A. sell you something you don't want B. make you young and modern C. make you buy the product D. show you what you need to buy 65. The best title of this passage may be ______. A. Advertisements for Bags and Clothes B. Advertisements on TV and Radio C. Advertisements about Sports D. Advertisements around Us ( C ) Elizabeth Blackwell was born in England in 1821, and moved to New York City when she was ten years old. One day she decided that she wanted to become a doctor. That was nearly impossible for a woman in the middle of the nineteenth century. After writing many letters asking for admission(录取) to medical schools, she was finally accepted by a doctor in Philadelphia. She was so determined (下定决心) that she taught school and gave music lessons to get money for the cost of schooling. In 1849, after graduation from medical school, she decided to further her education in Paris. She wanted to be a surgeon(外科医师) , but a serious eye problem forced her to give up the idea. Upon returning to the United States, she found it difficult to start her own practice because she was a woman. By 1857 Elizabeth and her sister, also a doctor, along with another woman doctor, managed to open a new hospital, the first for women and children. Besides being the first woman physician and founding her own hospital , she also set up the first medical school for women. 66. What main obstacle(障碍) almost destroyed Elizabeth's chances for becoming a doctor?______ A. She was a woman B. She wrote too many letters. C. She couldn’t graduate from medical school. D. She couldn’t set up her hospital. 67. Why couldn’t Elizabeth Blackwell realize her dream of becoming a surgeon?______ A. She couldn't get admitted to medical school B. She decided to further her education in Paris C. A serious eye problem stopped her D. It was difficult for her to start a practice in the United States 68. How many years passed between her graduation from medical school and the opening of her hospital?______ A. Eight years B. Ten years C. Nineteen years D. Thirty- six years 69. According to the passage, all of the following are "firsts" in the life of Elizabeth Blackwell except that ______ . A. she became the first woman physician B. she was the first woman surgeon C. she and several other women founded the first hospital for women and children D. she set up the first medical school for women 70. Elizabeth Blackwell spent most of her life in ______ . A. Paris B. the United States C. England D. New York City （2014年·山西对口升学） 从 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出符合题目要求的最佳选项。 ( A ) When you visit a European family in winter, you’d better not take off your coat as soon as you enter the house. Because that means you will stay for a long time, which will make the host feel nervous. So you should wait until the host asks, “May I take your coat?” If you are lucky enough to be invited to a formal dinner party in Paris, you should mind your manners. Even your “finest manners” may not be correct by French custom. For example, it is not polite to arrive with a gift of flowers in hand, because the hostess will deal with finding a vase when she is too busy to do that. Though the French love wine, you must never bring a bottle of wine to a dinner party. Why? It’s as if you feared your hosts would not have enough wine on hand, and that’s an insult（侮辱）. You may, however, offer a box of chocolate which the hostess will pass after dinner with coffee. Another thing you should remember: it is not polite to use the bathroom in a private house. Once seated at the table, guests must never get up and leave the table-not to go to help the hostess in the kitchen, and not to serve or clear. 51.You shouldn’t take off your coat on arriving at a French house, because______. A. the coat will make the house dirty B. you will make the host nervous C. the host will have no room for it D. it will bring bad luck to the host 52.The finest manners in China will ______ in France. A. help you a lot B. not be accepted C. be the same D. be the worst manners 53. Why is it not polite to bring a gift of flowers in hand to a dinner party in France? A. Because flowers mean bad luck in France. B. Because no one likes flowers in France. C. Because the hostess will be too busy to find a vase for them. D. Because there is no vase in France. 54. What should you bring to the dinner party as a gift? A. A box of chocolate. B. Some flowers C. A bottle of wine. D. A cup of coffee. 55.Which of the following statements is not true? A. French people like wine. B. You should not use the bathroom in a private house. C. In France, people usually have coffee after dinner. D. You should help the hostess in the kitchen. （B） Shopping Coupons For Bayfield Market ( 6 Hours Free Parking If you spend $ 100 or more in our stores you will receive six hours of free parking . Take this coupon to the service desk on level 4 to stamp ! ) ( 10% Off Show this coupon at The Book Store to get a 10% discount on any books you buy . We have lots of books to choose from , including children’s books, novels, travel guides and hobbies. You’re sure to find something that you will enjoy. ) ( Buy one, get one free Buy one shirt or tie at Daniel’s Menswear, and get another shirt or tie of the same value free . ) ( 1 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 ( Free s oft drink Buy any meal for at least $6 at Mike’s C af é , and receive a free soft drink. We serve the best hamburgers and snacks in the Mall. Come in and try our delicious meals and our excellent service. You won’t be disappointed! ) ( Half-price movie tickets Buy any full-price movie ticket on Tuesdays or Wednesdays, and you can buy a second ticket for a friend for only half price. The latest movies are all here. ) 56. If you spend 100 dollars or more in the stores, you can ______ . A. get a CD free B. get 6 hours of free parking C. get another tie D. get some stamps free 57. Buy one tie at Daniel’s Menswear, you may get another ______ free. A. cheaper tie B. shirt C. tie of the same price D. more expensive tie 58. You can get a 10% discount on any books if you ______ at the Book Store. A. buy any meal B. buy some gifts C. buy some tickets D. show this coupon 59.If you want to have free soft drink, you can go to ______. A. Mike’s Cafe B. Book Store C. the service desk D. Daniel’s Menswear 60.If John pays 12 dollars for a full-price movie ticket on Tuesdays, he can buy a second ticket for ______ . A. 0 dollar B. 6 dollars C. 12 dollars D. 18 dollars ( C ) The American idea of customer service is to make each customer the center of attention. People going shopping in America can expect to be treated with respect from the very beginning. When customers get to the store, they are treated as honored guests. Customers don’t usually find store clerks sitting around watching TV or playing cards. Instead, the clerks greet them warmly and offer to help them find what they want. In most stores, the signs that label each department make shopping a breeze (容易的事情). Customers usually don’t have to ask how much items cost, since prices are clearly marked. When customers are ready to check out, they find the nearest and shortest checkout lane. But as Murphy’s Law would have it, whichever lane they get in, all the other lanes will move faster. Good stores open new checkout lanes when the lanes get too long. Some even offer express lanes for customers with 10 items or less. After they pay for their purchases, customers receive a smile and a warm “thank you” from the clerk. Many stores even allow customers to take their shopping carts out to the parking lot. That way, they don’t have to carry heavy bags out to the car. In America, customer service continues long after the sale. Many products come with a money-back guarantee. If there is a problem with the product, customers can take it back. The customer service representative will often allow them to exchange the item or return it for a full refund. 61.From the passage we know in America the principle of customer service is_____. A. to be fast and convenient B. to be the first in the world C. to make each customer the center of attention D. to make each customer feel at home 62.When customers enter the store in U. S. A. , they will ______. A. see store clerks sitting around watching TV B. receive warm greeting from clerks C. show their respects to clerks D. be given a pamphlet introducing the goods 63.Why do people in the U. S. A. feel shopping is a breeze? A. The price is very cheap. B. The products are good. C. The signs of departments are clear. D. The departments are large. 64.According to Murphy’s Law, people feel ______ . A. the lane they get in is faster than other lanes B. the lane they get in is slower than other lanes C. it’s better to stand in a newly-opened lane D. it’s better to find the nearest and shortest checkout lane 65.If there is a problem with the product, the customer may ______ . A. send the product to others B. have it repaired by others C. ask the customer representative to say sorry to him D. ask for a refund from the store ( 1 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 【中职专用】山西省近十一年（2014-2024）对口升学英语真题分类汇编 18 阅读理解 （2024年·山西对口升学） 从 A、B、C、D 四个选项中, 选出符合题目要求的最佳选项。 A The fiddler crab (蟹) is a living clock. It indicates the time of day by the colour of its skin, which is dark by day and pale by night. The crab’s changing colour follows a regular twenty-four hour plan that exactly matches the daily rhythm of the sun. Does the crab actually keep time, or does its skin simply answer to the sun’s rays, changing colour according to the amount of light which strikes it? To find out, biologists kept crabs in a dark room for two months. Even without daylight, the crab’s skin colour continued to change exactly on time. This characteristic probably developed gradually in answer to the daily rising and setting of the sun, to help protect the crab from sunlight and enemies. After millions of years it has become completely controlled inside the living body of the crab. The biologists noticed that once each day the colour of the fiddler crab is especially dark, and that each day this happens fifty minutes later than on the day before. From this they discovered that each crab follows not only the rhythm of the sun but also that of the tides (潮水). The crab’s period of greatest darkening is exactly the time of low tide on the beach where it was caught! 51. The fiddler crab is like a clock because it changes color _________. A. in a regular 24-hour rhythm B. in answer to the sun’s rays C. at low tide D. every fifty minutes 【答案】A 【解析】蟹子的皮肤颜色会根据一天的时间变化而变化，呈现出规律的24小时节奏，这与太阳的日节律完全一致。因此，蟹子被称为“活时钟”。所以答案是A。 52. The crab’s changing colour _____. A. tells the crab what time it is B. protects the crab from the sunlight and enemies C. keeps the crab warm D. is of no real use 【答案】B 【解析】蟹子的变色特性可能逐渐发展以应对太阳的每日升起和落下，以帮助保护蟹子免受阳光和敌人的伤害。因此，蟹子的变色是为了保护自己，答案为B。 53. When the fiddler crabs were kept in the dark, they _____. A. did not change colour B. changed colour more quickly C. changed colour more slowly D. changed colour on the same timetable 【答案】D 【解析】根据文章第二段的内容，生物学家将蟹子放在暗室里两个月，发现即使没有日光，蟹子的皮肤颜色也继续按时变色。因此，选项D“在相同的时间表上变色”是正确的。 54. The crab’s colour-changing ability was probably developed _____. A. in the process of evolution (进化) B. over millions of years C. by the work of biologists D. both A and B 【答案】D 【解析】根据第三段中的句子“This characteristic probably developed gradually in answer to the daily rising and setting of the sun，to help protect the crab from sunlight and enemies. After millions of years it has become completely controlled inside the living body of the crab.”可知，蟹子的变色能力是在进化过程中逐渐发展起来的，经过了数百万年的演变。因此，选项D（both A and B）是正确的。 55. The best title for this selection would be _____. A. The Sun and the Tides B. Discoveries in Biology C. A scientific Study D. A Living Clock 【答案】D 【解析】文章主要介绍了蟹子如何像时钟一样通过皮肤颜色的变化来指示时间，因此最好的标题是“A Living Clock”（活时钟）。这个标题直接概括了文章的主要内容，能够吸引读者的注意力。 【译文】 跳蟹是一种活体时钟。它通过皮肤的颜色来指示一天中的时间，白天时皮肤呈深色，夜晚则呈浅色。跳蟹颜色的变化遵循着一个精确匹配太阳每日节奏的24小时计划。 螃蟹是真的有时间，还是它的皮肤只是对太阳光线作出反应，根据照射到它身上的光线的多少而改变颜色?为了找到答案，生物学家把螃蟹放在一个黑暗的房间里两个月。即使没有日光，螃蟹的皮肤颜色也会准时发生变化。 这种特征可能是根据每天太阳的升起和落下逐渐形成的，以帮助螃蟹免受阳光和敌人的伤害。数百万年后，它已经完全被螃蟹的活体控制住了。 生物学家注意到，招潮蟹的颜色每天都有一次特别深，而且每天都比前一天晚50分钟。由此，他们发现每只螃蟹不仅遵循太阳的节奏，也遵循潮汐的节奏(潮水)。螃蟹最黑的时候，正是它被捕获的海滩退潮的时候! B To be a good teacher you need some of the gifts of a good actor; you must be able to hold the attention and interest of your audience; you must be a clear speaker with a good strong pleasing voice which is fully under your control; and you must be able to act what you are teaching in order to make its meaning clear． Watch a good teacher and you will see that he does not sit still before his class: he stands the whole time he is teaching; he walks about using his arms hands and fingers to help him in his explanations and his face to express feelings. Listen to him and you will hear the loudness the quality and the musical note of his voice always changing according to what he is talking about． The fact that a good teacher has some of the gifts of a good actor doesn’t mean that he will indeed be able to act well on the stage for there are very important differences between the teacher’s work and the actor’s. The actor has to speak words which he has learnt by heart; he has to repeat exactly the same words each time he plays a certain part even his movements and the ways in which he uses his voice are usually fixed beforehand. What he has to do is to make all these carefully learnt words and actions seem natural on the stage. A good teacher works in quite a different way. His audience takes an active part in his play they ask and answer questions they obey orders and if they don’t understand something they say so. The teacher therefore has to meet the needs of his audience which is his class. He cannot learn his part by heart but must invent it as he goes along. I have known many teachers who were fine actors in class but were unable to take part in a stage-play because they could not keep strictly to what another had written. 56. What is the text about? A. How to become a good teacher. B. What a good teacher should do outside the classroom. C. What teachers and actors could learn from each other. D. The similarities (相似处) and differences between a teacher’s work and an actor’s. 【答案】D 【解析】文章主要讨论了教师和演员之间的相似性和差异性，因此答案为D。 57. The word “audience” in the fourth paragraph means ________. A. students B. people who watch a play C. people who not on the stage D. people who listen to something 【答案】A 【解析】在第四段中提到“His audience takes an active part in his play they ask and answer questions”，意思是他的观众积极参与他的表演，他们提问和回答问题。根据上下文可以推断出，这里的“audience”指的是学生，因此答案为A。 58. A good teacher _________. A. knows how to hold the interest of his students B. must have a good voice C. knows how to act on the stage D. stands or sits still while teaching 【答案】A 【解析】第一段中提到，一个好的老师需要能够吸引并保持学生的注意力和兴趣，因此一个好的老师知道如何保持学生的兴趣。选项A符合这个描述。 59 In what way is a teacher’s work different from an actor’s? A. The teacher must learn everything by heart. B. He knows how to control his voice better than an actor. C. He has to deal with unexpected situations. D. He has to use more facial expressions. 【答案】C 【解析】在第四段中提到，老师的工作与演员的工作有很大的不同，因为老师必须满足他的观众（即学生）的需求，而这些需求是不断变化的，因此老师必须处理不可预见的情况。因此，选项C是正确的。 60. The main difference between students in class and a theatre audience is that _________. A. students can move around in the classroom B. students must keep silent while theatre audience needn’t C. no memory work is needed for the students D. the students must take part in their teachers’ plays 【答案】D 【解析】在第四段中提到，老师的工作与演员的工作不同，因为老师的学生必须积极参与他的“表演”，他们提问、回答问题、遵守命令，并在不理解时说出来。因此，与剧院观众相比，学生在课堂上必须参与老师的“表演”，这是主要的不同之处。因此，答案为D。 【译文】 要成为一名好老师，你需要具备一些好演员的天赋;你必须能够抓住听众的注意力和兴趣;你必须是一个清晰的演讲者，有一个好的、有力的、令人愉快的声音，完全在你的控制之下;你必须能够按照你所教的去做，这样才能把它的意义讲清楚。 观察一位好老师，你会发现他在上课前不会坐着不动:他在整个教学过程中都是站着的;他走来走去，用胳膊、手和手指来帮助他解释，用脸来表达感情。听他说话，你会听到他声音的音量、音质和音调总是随着他所说的内容而变化。 一个好老师有一些好演员的天赋，但这并不意味着他真的能在舞台上表演得很好，因为老师的工作和演员的工作之间存在着非常重要的区别。演员必须背熟台词;每次他演某个角色时，他都要重复同样的话，甚至他的动作和说话的方式通常都是事先确定的。他所要做的就是使这些精心学习的语言和动作在舞台上显得自然。 一个好老师的工作方式完全不同。他的观众积极参与他的表演，他们提问和回答问题，他们服从命令，如果他们不明白，他们就说出来。因此，老师必须满足他的听众，也就是他的班级的需要。他不能把台词背熟，只能边读边编。 我认识许多老师，他们在课堂上是优秀的演员，但却不能参加舞台剧，因为他们不能严格遵守别人写的东西。 （2023年·山西对口升学） 从 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出符合题目要求的最佳选项。 A Mr. Johnson is a 65-year-old man, living in a small town. There is nobody living with him and he has a big scar (伤疤) on his face which makes him look a little scary. No one talks to him, and no one helps him. One day, a new family moves into his building. They are a nice couple, Mr and Mrs.Clarence, and their children, Amanda and David. The other people who live in the building welcome the new family and tell them not to talk to Mr. Johnson. Amanda and David think this is very silly advice. When they see Mr. Johnson in the building, they always say hello with a smile. Mr. Johnson is very happy to see them and invites them to drink tea with him. He was once a very famous chef and he makes the most delicious desserts in the whole world, in Amanda's opinion. One evening, neighbors in the building hear laughter and the sounds of cups and plates in Mr. Johnson's home, It sounds like a great dinner. The next day, Mrs.Clarence talks to her neighbors, "You really must get to know Mr. Johnson. He is so funny! And he is a fantastic chef. He told us the amazing story of his scar. He had an accident when he was helping his parents on their farm." The neighbors all feel ashamed. They all start to follow the examples the Clarence gave them. Everyone in the building is happier because of the good example the Clarence family set for them. Mr. Johnson does not feel lonely any more because he is now part of the community. 51. Mr. Johnson's neighbors used to be . A. angry with him B. afraid of him C. sorry for him D. kind to him 【答案】B 【解析】在文章第一段中提到：“No one talks to him，and no one helps him.”（没有人和他说话，也没有人帮助他。）以及“There is nobody living with him and he has a big scar on his face which makes him look a little scary.”（没有人和他住在一起，他脸上有一个大伤疤，这让他看起来有点可怕。）因此，我们可以推断出邻居们曾经害怕他，故答案为B。 52. Mr. Johnson got his scar when . A. He saved a child in a fire B. He had a car accident C. He was helping on the farm D. He was cooking as a chef 【答案】C 【解析】在文章中提到：“He told us the amazing story of his scar. He had an accident when he was helping his parents on their farm.”（他给我们讲了他伤疤的惊人故事。他在帮助父母在农场干活时发生了意外。）因此，Mr. Johnson的伤疤是在帮助父母在农场干活时得到的，答案为C。 53. According to the passage, we can infer . A. the Clarence think their neighbors' advice is very good. B. Mr. Johnson's neighbors thought he was an interesting man. C. Mr. Johnson makes the worst desserts in the world D. Mr. Johnson has a better relationship with his neighbors now. 【答案】D 【解析】在文章最后一段中提到，Mr. Johnson现在不再感到孤独，因为他现在是社区的一部分。这暗示着他与邻居们的关系现在更好了，因此可以推断出D选项是正确的。 54. From the passage, we can learn that . A. never Judge a book by its cover B. where there is a will, there is a way C. a friend in need is a friend indeed D. a good beginning is half done 【答案】A 【解析】文章中提到Mr. Johnson虽然看起来可怕，但实际上是一个很好的人，他是一位著名的厨师，会做最美味的甜点。这个故事告诉我们不要以貌取人，即不要只看外表就评判一个人。因此，答案为A。 55. Choose the right meaning of the underlined word "ashamed" in the last paragraph A. 害怕的 B. 羞愧的 C. 高兴的 D. 悲伤的 【答案】B 【解析】在文章最后一段中提到，邻居们都开始模仿Clarence家的做法，这意味着他们意识到自己之前的做法是错误的，因此感到羞愧（ashamed）。因此，答案为B。 【译文】 约翰逊先生是一位65岁的老人，住在一个小镇上。没有人和他住在一起，他脸上有一个大伤疤(伤疤)，这让他看起来有点可怕。没人跟他说话，也没人帮他。 一天，一个新的家庭搬进了他的大楼。克拉伦斯夫妇和他们的孩子阿曼达和大卫是一对很好的夫妇。 住在这栋楼里的其他人欢迎这个新家庭，并告诉他们不要和约翰逊先生说话。阿曼达和大卫认为这是一个非常愚蠢的建议。当他们在大楼里看到约翰逊先生时，他们总是微笑着打招呼。 约翰逊先生见到他们很高兴，并邀请他们一起喝茶。他曾经是一位非常著名的厨师，在阿曼达看来，他做的甜点是世界上最美味的。 一天晚上，这栋楼里的邻居听到约翰逊家里的笑声和杯子和盘子的声音，听起来像是一顿丰盛的晚餐。 第二天，克拉伦斯太太对邻居们说:“你们真的应该认识一下约翰逊先生。他太有趣了!他是个很棒的厨师。他给我们讲了他伤疤的神奇故事。他在农场帮父母干活时出了意外。” 邻居们都感到很惭愧。他们都开始按照克拉伦斯给他们的例子去做。大楼里的每个人都更快乐了，因为克拉伦斯一家为他们树立了好榜样。约翰逊先生不再感到孤独，因为他现在是社区的一部分。 B Did your parents read bedtime stories when you were child? Do you like it? Although most parents don't like doing it after a long and exhausting workday, reading bedtime stories does make a positive influence on your child's emotional and mental health. It helps to develop children's imagination. Reading bedtime stories can develop your children's ability to form pictures or ideas in their mind. A healthy imagination makes their minds work well and teaches them to think quickly yet effectively. It improves children's language. Reading also improves your children's language. They'll most likely use those words in the stories you read right after they hear them. Listening to many stories helps kids to express their opinions better. Reading books makes people more learned. When children hear the stories you tell, they lean grammar and vocabulary, for example. It helps them be successful in school as they already know a lot from your stories. What's more, every story has its moral aspect and tells them what's good and what's bad. These reasons leave no chances of doubting whether to read bedtime stories to your children or not. Do you agree to the suggestions above? 56. Why don't most parents like reading bedtime stories to their kids? A. Because they feel tired after work B. Because they feel like doing other things C. Because they are busy doing housework D. Because they think it unnecessary to do so 【答案】A 【解析】在文章第二段中提到，虽然大多数父母在漫长而疲惫的工作日后不喜欢这样做，但读睡前故事确实对孩子的情绪和心理健康有积极的影响。因此，大多数父母不喜欢给孩子读睡前故事是因为他们工作后感到疲惫。 57. The underlined word "them" in the third paragraph refers to (指代) ? A. minds B.children. C. teachers D.parents. 【答案】B 【解析】在第三段中提到“A healthy imagination makes their minds work well and teaches them to think quickly yet effectively.”，其中“them”指的是前文提到的“children”，即孩子们。因此，答案为B。 58. Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE according to the passage? A. Reading bedtime stories does make a great influence on your kid B. If you are tired or busy, you don't need to read bedtime stories to your children C. Reading can enlarge children's vocabulary D. Reading can tell children, what is good and what is bad or wrong 【答案】B 【解析】文章第二段明确提到，虽然大多数父母在漫长而疲惫的工作日后不喜欢这样做，但读睡前故事确实对孩子的情绪和心理健康有积极的影响。因此，即使你感到疲惫或忙碌，也应该给孩子读睡前故事，而不是不需要。因此，选项B是不正确的。 59. Which of the following statements is NOT the advantange of reading bedtime stories according to the passage ? A. It helps to develop Children's imagination B. It helps to improves children C. It helps to makes children smarter D. It helps to keeps children healthy 【答案】D 【解析】在文章中并没有提到读睡前故事可以帮助孩子保持健康，所以D选项不是读睡前故事的好处。而A、B、C三个选项都在文章中有所提及，分别是帮助孩子发展想象力、提高孩子的语言能力和让孩子更聪明。 60. Which one do you think is the best title of this passage? A. A Good Reading Habit B. Bedtime Stories, C. Advantages of Reading Bedtime stories. D. Reading Suggestions 【答案】C 【解析】文章主要讲述了读睡前故事的好处，包括对孩子情感和心理健康的积极影响、发展孩子的想象力、提高孩子的语言能力等。因此，最好的标题应该是“Advantages of Reading Bedtime stories.”，即“读睡前故事的好处”。 【译文】 当你还是个孩子的时候，你的父母会给你读睡前故事吗?你喜欢吗? 虽然大多数父母不喜欢在漫长而疲惫的工作日之后这样做，但睡前读故事确实对孩子的情绪和心理健康有积极的影响。它有助于培养孩子们的想象力。 睡前读故事可以培养孩子在脑海中形成图像或想法的能力。健康的想象力使他们的大脑运转良好，教会他们快速而有效地思考。它能提高孩子们的语言能力。 阅读也能提高孩子的语言能力。他们听到这些词后，很可能会在你读的故事中使用这些词。多听故事可以帮助孩子更好地表达自己的观点。 读书使人更有学问。例如，当孩子们听你讲的故事时，他们会学习语法和词汇。这有助于他们在学校取得成功，因为他们已经从你的故事中学到了很多。更重要的是，每个故事都有其道德层面，告诉他们什么是好，什么是坏。 这些理由让你毫无疑问是否应该给孩子读睡前故事。你同意上面的建议吗? （2022年·山西对口升学） 从 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出符合题目要求的最佳选项。 A In 1966, a dead author of detective stories saved the life of a 19-month-old baby in a most unusual way. The author was Agatha Christie, a gentle married lady and one of the most successful writers of detective stories in the world. In June 1977, a baby girl became seriously ill in Qatar( 卡塔尔), near Saudi Arabia. Doctors were unable to diagnose the cause of her illness with confidence, so she was flown to London and admitted to Hammer smith Hospital, where specialist help was available. She was then only semi-conscious and on the “Dangerously Ill” list. A team of doctors hurried to examine the baby only to discover that they,too,were confused by the very unusual symptoms(症状). While they were discussing the baby’s case, a nurse asked to speak to them. “Excuse me,” said Nurse Marsha Maitlan, “but I think the baby is suffering from thallium(铅) poisoning.” “What makes you think that?” Dr. Brown asked. “Thallium poisoning is extremely rare.” “A few days ago, I was reading a novel called A Pale Horse by Agatha Christie,” Nurse Maitlan explained. “In the book, somebody uses thallium poison, and all the symptoms are described. They’re exactly the same as the baby’s.” “You’re very observant and you may be right,” another doctor said. “We’ll carry out some tests and find out whether it’s thallium or not.” The tests showed that the baby had indeed been poisoned by thallium, a rare metallic substance used in making optical glass. Once they knew the cause of illness, the doctors were able to give the baby the correct treatment. She soon recovered and was sent back to Qatar. Questions revealed that the poison might have come from an insecticide (杀虫剂) used in Qatar. 51. Why was the baby sent to London? A. Because she was a British girl whose parent were working in Qatar. B. Because the hospitals in Qatar were full at that time. C. Because she was the daughter of a doctor in one of the hospitals in London. D. Because the Qatar doctors were not sure they could cure her. 【答案】D 【解析】在文章第二段中提到，卡塔尔的医生无法确诊女孩的病情，因此她被送往伦敦接受治疗。这表明卡塔尔的医生不确定能否治愈她，因此选择将她送往伦敦。因此，答案为D。 52. When the baby was first admitted to hospital in the U.K., what did the doctors think of her case? A. They thought it was an urgent one. B. They thought it was a matter of normal medical tests. C. They thought it was quite a simple one. D. They thought it was the result of thallium poisoning. 【答案】A 【解析】在文章第二段中提到：“She was then only semi-conscious and on the ‘Dangerously Ill’ list.”，说明医生认为女孩的病情很紧急，因此选项A是正确的。其他选项都与文章中的描述不符。 53. Who first suggested the correct cause of the baby’s illness? A. A doctor in Qatar. B. Nurse Maitlan. C. Dr. Brown. D. Agatha Christie. 【答案】B 【解析】在文章第四段中，护士Maitlan提到了她读了一本Agatha Christie的小说，其中描述了铊中毒的症状，与婴儿的症状相同，因此她首先提出了婴儿可能患有铊中毒。因此，正确答案是B，即Nurse Maitlan。 54. Nurse Maitlan spoke to the doctors . A. when she heard them discussing the possibility of thallium poisoning B. because she could see that the doctors had made a mistake C. to suggest a possible cause to the patient’s illness D. after she had read about a horse which had been poisoned 【答案】C 【解析】在文章第四段中提到，当医生们正在讨论婴儿的情况时，护士Maitlan向他们提出了她认为婴儿可能患有铊中毒的猜测，并解释了她的理由。因此，她是在向医生们提出一个可能的病因，选项C正确。 55. According to the passage, what caused the baby’s illness? A. Contact with a pair of infected spectacles. B. Contact with a harmful substance used to kill insects. C. Contact with machinery used in making optical glass. D. Contact with her mother who carried thallium germs in her body. 【答案】B 【解析】在文章最后一段中提到，“Questions revealed that the poison might have come from an insecticide (杀虫剂) used in Qatar.”，即调查结果显示，毒药可能来自卡塔尔使用的杀虫剂。因此，可以得出结论，婴儿的病是因为与用于杀虫的有害物质接触导致的。所以答案是B。 【译文】 1966年，一位已故的侦探小说作家以一种极不寻常的方式挽救了一个19个月大的婴儿的生命。作者是阿加莎·克里斯蒂，一位温柔的已婚女士，也是世界上最成功的侦探小说作家之一。 1977年6月，在沙特阿拉伯附近的卡塔尔(卡塔尔)，一名女婴得了重病。医生无法确定她的病因，所以她被送往伦敦，住进了哈默史密斯医院，在那里可以得到专家的帮助。当时她只有半清醒状态，在“危重病人”名单上。一组医生急忙检查婴儿，却发现他们也被非常不寻常的症状所迷惑(症状)。当他们正在讨论婴儿的情况时，一位护士要求和他们说话。 “对不起，”玛莎·梅特兰护士说，“但我认为婴儿患了铊(铅)中毒。” “你为什么这么想?”布朗博士问。“铊中毒极为罕见。” “几天前，我在读阿加莎·克里斯蒂的小说《一匹苍白的马》，”梅特兰护士解释说。“在书中，有人使用铊中毒，并描述了所有的症状。它们和婴儿的一模一样。” “你很有观察力，也许你是对的，”另一位医生说。“我们将进行一些测试，以确定它是否是铊。” 测试表明，婴儿确实是被铊中毒了，铊是一种用于制造光学玻璃的稀有金属物质。一旦他们知道了病因，医生们就能对婴儿进行正确的治疗。她很快康复并被送回卡塔尔。调查显示，毒药可能来自卡塔尔使用的一种杀虫剂(杀虫剂)。 B Have you ever wondered why different animals or pests have their particular colours? Colours in them seem to be used mainly to protect themselves. Birds, especially seagulls are very fond of locusts, but birds can't easily catch locusts because locusts change their colours together with the change of the colour of crops. When crops are green, locusts look green. But when crops are ripe, locusts take on exactly the same brown colour as crops have. Some other pests with different colours from plants are usually easily found and eaten by their enemies. So they have to hide themselves in terror for lives and appear only at night. If you study the animal life in any part of the world, you will find the main use of colouring is to protect themselves. Bears, wolves and other beasts move quietly through forests. They are usually invisible to the eyes of hunters, because they have the colour much like the barks（树皮） of trees. An even more strange act remains to be noticed. A kind of fish living in seas can send out a kind of very black liquid when it faces danger. While the liquid is over, its enemies cannot find it, and it quickly swims away. Thus, it has existed up to now though it is not powerful at all. 56. This passage mainly talks about . A. the change of colour in locusts B. the protective colouration of animals and pests C. how a certain sea fish protects itself D. animals or pests can dye themselves different colours 【答案】B 【解析】文章主要讨论了动物和害虫的保护色，包括蝗虫、熊、狼和其他野兽等，以及它们如何利用颜色来保护自己。因此，答案为B，即动物和害虫的保护色。 57. Locusts are but they aren't easily wiped out by their enemies because . A. animals; they are powerful enough B. beasts; they are dangerous to their enemies C. pests; they take on the same colours as crops D. birds; they fly very fast 【答案】C 【解析】蝗虫是害虫，但它们不容易被敌人消灭，因为它们会随着作物的颜色变化而改变自己的颜色。当作物是绿色时，蝗虫也是绿色的；当作物成熟时，蝗虫会变成和作物一样的棕色。因此，C选项是正确的。 58. The pests that have different colours from plants usually appear at night because . A. their enemies can easily find them and eat them B. they have the habit of coming out in darkness C. It’s easy for them to destroy plants in darkness D. birds take their rest when night comes 【答案】A 【解析】在文章中提到，那些与植物颜色不同的害虫通常很容易被它们的敌人发现和吃掉，因此它们必须在恐惧中躲藏，只在晚上出现。因此，答案是A，即它们的敌人可以轻易地找到它们并吃掉它们。 59. Bears and wolves have the same colours as the barks of trees because . A. they fear other beasts B. they like brown or grey colours C. they enjoy walking through forest quietly D. the colours help prevent themselves from being noticed 【答案】D 【解析】熊和狼的颜色与树皮相似，这是为了帮助它们防止被注意到，从而保护自己。因此，D选项是正确答案。 60. A certain fish living in seas has lived through millions of years because A. it is the most powerful in the sea B. no other fishes can swim as fast as it can C. it can send out a kind of liquid which makes its enemies unable to find it D. the liquid it sends out can kill its enemies 【答案】C 【解析】在文章中提到，一种生活在海洋中的鱼可以发出一种非常黑的液体，当液体散开时，它的敌人就找不到它了，然后它就可以迅速游走了。因此，这种鱼能够生存数百万年，是因为它可以发出一种液体，使它的敌人无法找到它。所以，正确答案是C。 【译文】 你有没有想过为什么不同的动物或害虫有不同的颜色?它们身上的颜色似乎主要用来保护自己。 鸟类，尤其是海鸥，非常喜欢蝗虫，但是鸟类很难捕捉到蝗虫，因为蝗虫会随着庄稼颜色的变化而改变自己的颜色。庄稼是绿色的，蝗虫也是绿色的。但是当作物成熟时，蝗虫呈现出与作物完全相同的棕色。其他一些与植物颜色不同的害虫通常很容易被敌人发现和吃掉。所以他们不得不在恐惧中隐藏自己的生命，只在晚上出现。 如果你研究世界上任何地方的动物生活，你会发现着色的主要用途是保护自己。熊、狼和其他野兽在森林里安静地移动。它们通常是猎人看不见的，因为它们的颜色很像树皮(树皮)。 一个更奇怪的行为还有待注意。一种生活在海里的鱼，当它面临危险时，会发出一种很黑的液体。当液体结束时，它的敌人找不到它，它很快就游走了。因此，虽然它并不强大，但它一直存在到现在。 （2021年·山西对口升学） 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出符合题目要求的最佳选项。 A In the United States, when one becomes rich, he wants people to know it. And even if he does not become very rich, he wants people to think that he is. That is what “keeping up with the Joneses” is about. It is the story of someone who tried to look as rich as his neighbours. The expression was first used in 1913 by a young American called Arthur Momand. He told this story about himself. He began earning $125 a week at the age of 23. That was a lot of money in those days. He got married and moved with his wife to a very wealthy neighbourhood outside New York City. When he saw that rich people rode horses, Momand went horseback riding every day. When he saw that rich people had servants, Momand and his wife also hired a servant and gave big parties for their new neighbours. It was like a race, but one could never finish his race because one was always trying to keep up. The race ended for Momand and his wife when they could no longer pay for their new way of life. They moved back to an apartment in New York City. Momand looked around him and noticed that many people do things just to keep up with rich lifestyle of their neighbours. He saw the funny side of it and started to write a series of short stories. He called it “Keeping up with the Joncses” because “Jones” is a very common name in the United States. “Keeping up with the Joneses” came to mean keeping up with rich lifestyle of the people around you. Momand’s series appeared in different newspapers across the country for over 28 years. People never seem to get tired of keeping up with the Joneses. And there are “Jonses” in every city of the world. But one must get tired of trying to keep up with the Joneses because no matter what one does, Mr. Jones always seems to be ahead. 36. Some people want to keep up with the Joneses because they ________. A. want to be as rich as their neighbours B. want others to know or to think that they are rich C. don’t want others to know they are rich D. want to be happy 【答案】B 【解析】在文章第一段中提到，当一个人变得富有时，他希望人们知道这一点，即使他没有变得非常富有，他也希望人们认为他是富有的。这就是“跟上琼斯一家”的含义。因此，人们想要跟上琼斯一家的原因是希望别人知道或认为他们是富有的。选项B符合这一描述。 37. It can be inferred (推断) from the story that rich people like to ________. A. live outside New York City B. live in New York City C. live in apartments D. have many neighbours 【答案】A 【解析】在文章第二段中提到，Momand和他的妻子搬到了纽约市外的一个非常富有的社区，这可以推断出富人喜欢住在纽约市外的地方。因此，答案为A。 38. The underlined word neighbourhood in the second paragraph means ________. A. a person who lives near another B. people living in an area C. an area near the place referred to D. an area in another town or city 【答案】C 【解析】在文章第二段中提到，Momand和他的妻子搬到了纽约市外的一个非常富有的社区，这里的neighbourhood指的是“一个地区”，即指他们所在的地方附近的一个区域。因此，neighbourhood在这里的意思是“一个指称地点附近的地区”。选项C符合这个解释。 39. Arthur Momand used the name “Jones” in his series of short stories because “Jones” is ________. A. an important name B. a popular name in the United States C. his neighbour’s name D. not a good name 【答案】B 【解析】在文章第四段中提到，“Jones”在美国是一个非常常见的名字，因此Arthur Momand在他的短篇小说系列中使用了这个名字。因此，可以推断出“Jones”在美国是一个流行的名字，选项B是正确答案。 40. According to the writer, it is ________ to keep up with the Joneses. A. correct B. interesting C. impossible D. good 【答案】C 【解析】在文章最后一段中提到，跟上琼斯一家是不可能的，因为无论做什么，琼斯先生似乎总是领先。因此，作者认为跟上琼斯一家是不可能的，选项C为正确答案。 【译文】 在美国，当一个人变得富有时，他希望别人知道。即使他没有变得很富有，他也希望人们认为他很富有。这就是“攀比”的意义所在。这是一个关于一个人试图让自己看起来和邻居一样富有的故事。 这个表达最早是在1913年由一位名叫亚瑟·莫曼德的美国年轻人使用的。他讲述了自己的故事。他从23岁开始每周挣125美元。在那个年代，那可是一大笔钱。他结了婚，和妻子搬到了纽约城外一个非常富裕的社区。当妈妈看到有钱人都骑马时，他每天都去骑马。当他看到富人都有仆人时，妈妈和他的妻子也雇了一个仆人，为他们的新邻居举行盛大的聚会。 这就像一场比赛，但一个人永远无法完成他的比赛，因为他总是试图跟上。当妈妈和他的妻子无力支付新的生活方式时，这场竞赛就结束了。他们搬回了纽约的一套公寓。 妈妈环顾四周，注意到许多人做的事情只是为了跟上邻居富裕的生活方式。他看到了其中有趣的一面，于是开始写一系列短篇小说。他把这本书叫做《与琼斯同行》，因为“琼斯”在美国是一个很常见的名字。“跟上琼斯”的意思是跟上你周围人的富裕生活方式。妈妈的系列在全国不同的报纸上刊登了28年多。人们似乎永远不会厌倦攀比。世界上每个城市都有像琼斯这样的人。但是一个人一定会厌倦与别人攀比，因为不管做什么，琼斯先生似乎总是领先。 B One of the favorite foods in the United States is the hamburger, a kind of flat round bread with fine-cut beef in between. The favorite place to buy a hamburger is a fast food restaurant. At fast food restaurants, people order their food, wait a few minutes to get it over the counter, and carry it to their tables themselves. People also take their food out of the restaurant and eat it in their cars or in their homes. At some fast food restaurants, people can order their food, pay for it and pick it up without leaving their cars. There are many kinds of fast food restaurants in the United States. Most of the restaurants sell hamburgers or other popular foods among Americans. In addition, there are many fast food restaurants that serve Chinese food, Italian food, chicken, seafood and ice-cream. The idea of a fast food restaurant is so popular that nearly every kind of food can be found. Fast food restaurants are popular because they show the American way of life. First, they are not formal restaurants. People wear any type of dress when they go to a fast food place. Second, they are fast. People who are busy do not want to spend time preparing their food or waiting while someone else prepares it. In fast food restaurants the food is usually ready before the customer even orders it. Finally, most food in a fast food restaurant is not expensive. Therefore, people can often eat at a fast food restaurant without spending too much money, while they may not be able to go to more expensive restaurants very often. 41. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage? A. Chinese food is also served in some fast food restaurants. B. People can have almost every kind of food in fast food restaurants. C. Fast food is usually expensive. D. Fast food can be taken out of the restaurants. 【答案】C 【解析】在文章第三段最后一句提到，“大多数快餐店里的食物并不贵”，所以选项C“快餐通常很贵”是不正确的。文章提到了中式食物在快餐店也提供，快餐店可以提供几乎所有种类的食物，并且快餐可以外带，这些都是正确的。 42. Fast food restaurants are popular because they ________. A. are busy B. are fast C. are expensive restaurants D. serve expensive food 【答案】B 【解析】在文章第三段中提到，快餐店之所以受欢迎，是因为它们“很快”。这是因为快餐店提供的食物通常是事先准备好的，顾客可以很快地拿到食物，节省时间。因此，选项B“很快”是正确的。 43. Which of the following food is not available in the fast food restaurant? A. Fish. B. Beef. C. Chicken. D. Wine. 【答案】D 【解析】在文章第二段中提到，美国有很多种类的快餐店，其中包括卖汉堡包、中国菜、意大利菜、鸡肉、海鲜和冰淇淋的快餐店。但没有提到提供酒类的快餐店，因此选项D中的葡萄酒不在快餐店提供的范围内。 44. What can you eat in the fast food restaurant? A. Chinese food. B. Italy food. C. American food. D. Above all. 【答案】D 【解析】在文章第二段中提到，“In addition，there are many fast food restaurants that serve Chinese food，Italian food，chicken，seafood and ice-cream.”，说明在快餐店可以吃到中国菜、意大利菜、鸡肉、海鲜和冰淇淋等食物，因此D选项“All of the above”是正确答案。 45 The fast food restaurants popular in the United States have ________ views. A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4 【答案】C 【解析】在文章第三段中，作者列举了快餐店受欢迎的三个原因：一是它们不是正式的餐厅，二是它们快速，三是食物不贵。因此，答案为C，即快餐店受欢迎的原因有三个。 【译文】 美国人最喜欢的食物之一是汉堡包，一种中间夹着细碎牛肉的扁平圆面包。最喜欢买汉堡包的地方是快餐店。在快餐店里，人们点好食物，等几分钟把食物拿到柜台上，然后自己端到桌子上。人们也把食物带出餐馆，在他们的车里或家里吃。在一些快餐店，人们可以点餐，付款，然后不用离开他们的车就可以取餐。 在美国有很多种类的快餐店。大多数餐馆出售汉堡包或其他受美国人欢迎的食品。此外，还有许多快餐店供应中餐、意大利菜、鸡肉、海鲜和冰淇淋。快餐店的想法是如此受欢迎，几乎每一种食物都可以找到。 快餐店很受欢迎，因为它们展示了美国人的生活方式。首先，它们不是正式的餐厅。当人们去快餐店的时候，他们会穿各种各样的衣服。第二，它们速度很快。忙碌的人不想花时间准备自己的食物，也不想在别人准备的时候等待。在快餐店里，食物通常在顾客点餐之前就准备好了。最后，大多数快餐店的食物都不贵。因此，人们可以经常在快餐店吃饭而不用花太多钱，而他们可能不能够经常去更昂贵的餐馆。 （2020年·山西对口升学） 从 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出符合题目要求的最佳选项。 A Blind imitation (模仿) is self-destruction. To those who do not recognize their unique worth. Imitation appears attractive: to those who know their strength. Imitation is unacceptable. In the early stages of skill or character development, imitation is helpful. When I first learned to cook, I used recipes (菜谱) and turned out some tasty dishes. But soon I grew bored. Why follow someone else’s way of cooking when I could create my own? Imitating role models is like using training wheels on a child's bicycle; they help you get going, but once you find your own balance, you fly faster and farther without relying on them. In daily life, imitation can hurt us if we subconsciously (下意识地) hold poor role models. If, as a child, you observed people whose lives were bad, you may have accepted their fear and pain as normal and gone on to follow what they did. If you do not make strong choices for yourself, you will get the results of the weak choices of others. In the field of entertainment, our culture glorifies celebrities. Those stars look great on screen. But when they step off screen, their personal lives may be disastrous. If you are going to follow someone, focus on their talent, not their bad character or unacceptable behaviors. Blessed is the person willing to act on their sudden desire to create something unique. Think of the movies,books, teachers, and friends that have affected you most deeply. They touched you because their creations were motivated by inspiration, not desperation. The world is changed not by those who do what has been done before them, but by those who do what has been done inside them. Creative people have an endless resource of ideas. The problem a creator faces is not running out of material; it is what to do with the material knocking at the door of imagination. Study your role models, accept the gifts they have given, and leave behind what does not server. Then you can say, “I stand on the shoulders of my ancestors” tragedies and stories, and know that they are cheering on. 51. Imitation proves useful when you ______. A. know you are unique B. lose the balance of life C. begin to learn something new D. get tired of routine practice 【答案】C 【解析】在文章第二段中提到，“在技能或性格发展的初期阶段，模仿是有帮助的。”因此，当你开始学习新东西时，模仿是有用的。因此，答案是C。 52. To avoid the bad result of imitation, we should ______. A. forget daily fear and pain B. choose the right example C. ask others for decisions D. stay away from stars 【答案】B 【解析】在文章第三段中提到，如果我们下意识地模仿了不良榜样，模仿可能会伤害我们。因此，为了避免模仿的坏结果，我们应该选择正确的榜样。所以，选项B“选择正确的榜样”是正确的。 53. According to the author, the world moves on because of those who are ______. A. desperate to insurance others with their knowledge B. ready to turn their original ideas into reality C. eager to discover what their ancestors did D. willing to accept others’ ideas 【答案】B 【解析】在文章第四段中提到：“世界不是被那些做前人做过的事情的人改变的，而是被那些做他们内心深处的事情的人改变的。”这句话表明，那些能够将他们的原创想法变成现实的人才能推动世界向前发展。因此，答案是B。 54. The trouble a creator faces is ______. A. the lack of strong motivation B. the absence of practical ideas C. how to search for more materials D. how to use imagination creatively 【答案】D 【解析】在文章第五段中提到，创作者面临的问题不是缺乏材料，而是如何使用敲响想象力之门的材料。因此，创作者面临的麻烦是如何创造性地运用想象力。所以选项D是正确答案。 55. What is the author’s purpose in writing this passage? A. To highlight the importance of creatively. B. To criticize the characters of role models. C. To compare imitation with creation. D. To explain the meaning of success. 【答案】A 【解析】作者在文章中强调了创造性的重要性，提到创造性的人拥有无尽的思想资源，而创造者面临的问题是如何使用想象力，而不是缺乏材料。因此，作者写这篇文章的目的是要突出创造性的重要性。 【译文】 盲目模仿(模仿)是自我毁灭。致那些没有意识到自己独特价值的人。对那些知道自己的长处的人来说，模仿似乎很有吸引力。模仿是不可接受的。 在技能或性格发展的早期阶段，模仿是有帮助的。当我第一次学习烹饪时，我使用食谱(菜谱)并做出了一些美味的菜肴。但很快我就厌倦了。当我可以创造自己的烹饪方式时，为什么要遵循别人的烹饪方式呢?模仿榜样就像在孩子的自行车上使用辅助轮;它们帮助你前进，但一旦你找到了自己的平衡，你就可以在不依赖它们的情况下飞得更快更远。 在日常生活中，如果我们下意识地(下意识地)树立了不好的榜样，模仿就会伤害我们。当你还是个孩子的时候，如果你观察过那些生活糟糕的人，你可能会把他们的恐惧和痛苦当作正常的事情来接受，然后跟随他们的脚步。如果你不为自己做出强有力的选择，你就会得到别人软弱选择的结果。 在娱乐领域，我们的文化颂扬名人。那些明星在银幕上看起来很棒。但当他们走出银幕，他们的个人生活可能是灾难性的。如果你要跟随某人，关注他们的才能，而不是他们的坏性格或不可接受的行为。 有福的人，是愿意按照自己突然产生的创造独特事物的愿望去行动的人。想想那些对你影响最深的电影、书籍、老师和朋友。他们打动了你，因为他们的创作是出于灵感，而不是绝望。改变世界的不是那些按照前人的做法行事的人，而是那些按照自己内心的想法行事的人。有创造力的人有无穷无尽的想法资源。创作者面临的问题不是素材不足;它是如何处理敲开想象之门的材料。 研究你的榜样，接受他们给你的礼物，把那些没用的东西留下。然后你可以说，“我站在我祖先的肩膀上”的悲剧和故事，并且知道他们在欢呼。 B Friends play an important part in our lives, and although we may take friendship for granted (理所当然的), we often don’t clearly understand how to make friends. While we get on well with a number of people,we are usually friends with only a very few. For example,the average among students is about 6 per person. In all the cases of friendly relationships,two people like one another and enjoy being together, but beyond that, the degree of intimacy(亲密) between them and the reasons for their shared interests vary(变化) greatly. As we get to know people,we think about things like age, race, and the economic condition. It is more difficult to get on with people when there is a marked difference in age and the background. Some friendly relationships can be kept on argument and discussion, but it is usual for close friends to have similar ideas and beliefs,the same opinions and interests- they often talk about “being on the same wavelength”. It generally takes time to reach this point. And the more intimately involved people become, the more they depend on one another. People who want to be friends have to learn to put up with annoying habits and to stand differences. In contrast (比较) with the marriage, there are no friendship ceremonies to strengthen the association(友谊) between two people. But the supporting and understanding of each other that results from shared experiences and emotions does seem to create a powerful bond,which can overcome differences in the background, and break down barriers(障碍)of age, class or race. 56. According to the passage, ______. A. friends are those who must share their interests B. friends are closer than people who just get on with each other C. all people know how to make friends D. every student has six friends 【答案】B 【解析】文章第一段提到“我们通常只和极少数人成为朋友”，并提到朋友之间的亲密程度和共同兴趣的原因有很大的差异，因此可以推断出朋友比仅仅相处融洽的人更亲密。因此，答案为B。 57. When we make friends, we consider such things as age, race, and background, because ______. A. it is not easy to have a friendly relationship with people when there is a marked difference in age and background B. the degree of friendship between two people and the reasons for their shared interest can vary greatly C. friends need to know all these things D. these are the most important factors to make friends 【答案】A 【解析】在第一段中提到“当我们与人交往时，我们会考虑诸如年龄、种族和经济状况等因素。当年龄和背景差异显著时，与人相处就更加困难。”因此，当我们交朋友时，我们会考虑这些因素，因为当年龄和背景差异显著时，与人建立友好关系就更加困难。所以，选项A是正确答案。 58. When people talk about “being on the same wavelength”, they mean that they ______. A. watch the same TV program B. are the same in all ways C. have the same background D. share the same way of thinking and the same interests 【答案】D 【解析】在第二段中提到，“亲密的朋友通常有相似的想法和信仰，相同的观点和兴趣——他们经常谈论‘在同一个波长上’”，这表明他们共享相同的思维方式和兴趣。因此，选项D是正确的。 59. Which of the following is NOT implied in the passage? A. Even friends may have different opinions. B. Friends never argue with each other. C. It generally takes time for people to become close friends. D. Someone’s habits may make his friends unhappy. 【答案】B 【解析】文章第二段中提到：“Some friendly relationships can be kept on argument and discussion”，意思是有些友好的关系可以通过争论和讨论来保持，所以B选项“朋友之间从不争吵”并不是文章暗示的内容。 60. To strengthen friendly relationship, people ______. A. must hold friendship ceremonies B. have to get rid of difference in background C. should make friends with those who are of the same age of the same race D. should support . 【答案】D 【解析】文章第三段提到：“但是，由于共同的经历和情感而产生的相互支持和理解，似乎确实建立了一种强大的纽带，这种纽带可以克服背景的差异，打破年龄、阶级或种族的障碍。”这表明为了加强友好关系，人们应该相互支持。因此，答案为D。 【译文】 朋友在我们的生活中扮演着重要的角色，虽然我们可能认为友谊是理所当然的(理所当然的)，但我们常常不清楚如何交朋友。虽然我们和很多人都相处得很好，但我们通常只和很少的人成为朋友。例如，学生的平均水平约为每人6。在所有的友好关系中，两个人都喜欢彼此，喜欢在一起，但除此之外，他们之间的亲密程度(亲密)和他们共同兴趣的原因差别很大(变化)。当我们了解一个人时，我们会考虑年龄、种族和经济状况。与年龄和背景有明显差异的人相处会比较困难。 一些友好的关系可以通过争论和讨论来保持，但亲密的朋友通常有相似的想法和信仰，相同的观点和兴趣-他们经常谈论“在相同的波长”。通常需要时间才能达到这一点。人们关系越亲密，他们就越依赖彼此。想成为朋友的人必须学会忍受令人讨厌的习惯，忍受差异。 与结婚(比较)相反，没有友谊仪式来加强两个人之间的联系(友谊)。但是，从共同的经历和情感中产生的相互支持和理解似乎确实创造了一种强大的纽带，这种纽带可以克服背景差异，打破年龄、阶级或种族的障碍(障碍)。 （2019年·山西对口升学） 从 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出符合题目要求的最佳选项。 A Americans like to travel on their yearly holiday. Today, more and more travelers in the United States are spending nights at small houses or inns instead of hotels. They get a room for the night and the breakfast the next morning． Rooms for the night in private homes with breakfast have been popular with travelers in Europe for many years. In the past five to ten years, these bed-and-breakfast places have become popular in the United States. Many of these America's bed-and-breakfast inns are old historic buildings. Some bed-and-breakfast inns have only a few rooms; while others are much larger. Some inns do not provide telephones or televisions in the rooms; while others do． Staying at a bed-and-breakfast inn is much different from staying at a hotel. Usually the cost is much less. Staying at an inn is almost like visiting someone's home. The owners are glad to tell about the areas and the interesting places to visit. Many vacationers say they enjoy the chance to meet local families. 51. Americans take a holiday trip ______． A. all the year round B. for years C. every year D. every other year 【答案】C 【解析】在文章第一段中提到"Americans like to travel on their yearly holiday."，意思是美国人喜欢在每年的假期旅行，因此选项C“每年”是正确的。 52. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true？ A. Some Americans like to stay at bed-and-breakfast homes instead of at hotels． B. The bed-and-breakfast inns are private homes open to vacationers． C. The bed-and-breakfast inn owners provide a morning meal for their visitors and a room for the night． D. The bed-and-breakfast inns have been popular in America for a very long time． 【答案】D 【解析】根据文章第二段，床和早餐旅馆在过去五到十年间在美国变得流行起来，所以D选项“床和早餐旅馆在美国已经流行了很长时间”是不正确的。 53. Staying at the bed-and-breakfast inns, ______. A. The travelers needn’t pay anything B. The travelers don’t have to pay for the telephone or television C. The travelers can meet and talk with the local people D. The owners will show the travelers around the area 【答案】C 【解析】在第三段中提到：“Many vacationers say they enjoy the chance to meet local families.”（许多度假者说他们喜欢有机会与当地人见面。）因此，住在床和早餐旅馆的旅行者可以与当地人见面并交谈，选项C是正确的。 54. Which is TRUE according to the passage？ A. European and American vacationers like staying at bed-and-breakfast inns． B. All Americans enjoy traveling． C. These bed-and-breakfast inns are all old historic buildings． D. Staying at a bed-and-breakfast inn is just like at the traveler's home． 【答案】A 【解析】文章第二段提到“Rooms for the night in private homes with breakfast have been popular with travelers in Europe for many years.”，并且第三段提到美国人也在选择这种住宿方式，因此可以推断出欧洲和美国的度假者都喜欢住在床和早餐旅馆里，选项A是正确的。 55. The best title for this passage is ______. A. Travelling Americans B. Home Inns in America C. Changing Your Homes into B&B D. How Americans are Learning from Europeans 【答案】B 【解析】文章主要介绍了美国的一种住宿方式——家庭旅馆（Home Inns），包括其流行原因、特点以及与酒店的不同等。因此，最好的标题应该是关于美国家庭旅馆的，选项B“Home Inns in America”最为贴切。 【译文】 美国人喜欢在每年的假期去旅游。今天，越来越多的美国游客在小房子或小旅馆过夜，而不是在酒店过夜。他们得到一个房间过夜，第二天早上吃早餐。 多年来，在欧洲，私人住宅中提供早餐的客房一直受到旅行者的欢迎。在过去的五到十年里，这些住宿加早餐的地方在美国变得很流行。许多美国的住宿加早餐旅馆都是古老的历史建筑。有些住宿加早餐旅馆只有几间房间;而另一些则要大得多。有些旅馆在房间里不提供电话或电视;而其他人则是这样。 住在住宿加早餐旅馆和住在旅馆有很大的不同。通常成本要低得多。住在旅馆里几乎就像拜访别人的家一样。业主很高兴告诉我们的地区和有趣的地方参观。许多度假者说，他们很享受与当地家庭见面的机会。 B We can make mistakes at any age. Some mistakes we make are about money. But most mistakes are about people. "Did Jerry really care when I broke up with Helen？" "When I got that great job, did Jim really feel good about it? Or did he envy（嫉妒） my luck? " When we look back, doubts like these can make us feel bad. But when we look back, it is too late． Why do we go wrong about our friends, or our enemies? Sometimes what people say hides their real meanings. And if we do not really listen, we miss the feeling behind the words. Suppose someone tells you, "You're a lucky dog!" That is being friendly. But lucky dog? There is a bit of envy in those words. Maybe he doesn't see it himself. But bringing in the word "dog" puts you down a little. What he may be saying is that he doesn't think you deserve your luck． How can you tell the real meaning behind someone's words? One way is to take a good look at the person talking. Do his words fit the way he looks? Does what he says agree with the tone of voice? His posture (姿态）? The look in his eyes? Stop and think. The minutes you spend thinking about the real meaning of what people say to you may save another mistake． 56. This passage is mainly about ______ . A. how to interpret what people say B. what to do when you listen to others talking C. how to avoid mistakes when you communicate with people D. why we go wrong with people sometimes 【答案】C 【解析】文章主要讨论的是如何避免在与人交流时犯错误，包括如何解读别人的话语和避免误解。因此，C选项“如何避免在与人交流时犯错误”最符合文章主旨。 57. According to the author, the reason why we go wrong about our friends is that ______ . A. people usually say one thing but mean another B. people tend be annoyed when we check what they say C. we fail to listen carefully when they talk D. we tend to doubt what our friends say 【答案】C 【解析】在第二段中提到，我们犯错的原因是因为我们没有真正地去听别人说的话，错过了话语背后的感受。因此，C选项“我们没有在他们说话时仔细听”是正确的。 58. In the sentence “ Maybe he doesn’ t see it himself” in the second paragraph, “ it ” refers to ______ . A. being friendly B. a bit of envy C. lucky dog D. your luck 【答案】B 【解析】在第二段中提到，当人们说“你是一只幸运的狗”时，这句话中带有一些嫉妒。而“Maybe he doesn't see it himself”这句话中的“it”指的就是这种嫉妒之情，即“a bit of envy”。因此，答案为B。 59. When we listen to a person talking, the most important thing for us to do is to ______ . A. notice the way the person is talking B. take a good look at the person talking C. mind his tone, his posture and the look in his eyes D. examine the real meaning of what he says based on his manner, his tone and his posture. 【答案】D 【解析】在第三段中提到，当我们听别人说话时，最重要的是要停下来思考，基于对方的举止、语调和眼神来判断他所说的话的真正含义。因此，最重要的是要基于对方的举止、语调和眼神来考察他所说的话的真正含义，即选项D。 60. The author most probably is a ______ . A. teacher B. sportsman C. psychologist（心理学家） D. doctor 【答案】C 【解析】文章主要讨论的是人们交流时容易犯的错误和如何避免这些错误，这需要心理学方面的知识。因此，作者很可能是一名心理学家，即选项C。 【译文】 我们在任何年龄都会犯错误。我们犯的一些错误与金钱有关。但大多数错误都与人有关。“杰瑞真的在乎我和海伦分手吗?”“当我得到那份好工作时，吉姆真的觉得很高兴吗?”还是嫉妒(嫉妒)我的运气?”当我们回首往事时，这样的怀疑会让我们感觉很糟糕。但当我们回头看时，已经太迟了。 为什么我们会看错朋友，看错敌人?有时候人们说的话隐藏了他们真正的意思。如果我们没有真正倾听，我们就会错过话语背后的感受。假设有人对你说:“你真幸运!”这就是友好。但是幸运狗呢?这些话里有一点嫉妒。也许他自己没有看到。但是把“狗”这个词带进来会让你有点失望。他的意思可能是他认为你配不上你的好运。 你怎么能说出别人话语背后的真正含义呢?一种方法是好好看看说话的人。他的话和他的样子相符吗?他说的话和他说话的语气一致吗?他的姿势(姿态)?他的眼神?停下来想一想。你花在思考别人对你说的话的真正含义上的时间可能会避免另一个错误。 （2018年·山西对口升学） 从 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出符合题目要求的最佳选项。 A In America, Mother’s Day is celebrated on the second Sunday in May. On that day we send our mothers a special Mother’s Day card, and perhaps some flowers or candy, to show our love and appreciation. Although Mother’s Day is a relatively new holiday in America, more and more other countries are also setting aside a day to honor their mothers. It all started over a hundred years ago with a woman named Anna May. Anna was born on May 1,1864, just before the end of the Civil War and the assassination of President Lincoln. She was the daughter of a “minister”, which in American English means a church leader. She was a quiet girl who liked to study in school, but she liked everyone and was liked by everyone as well. After she graduated, Anna worked for a life insurance company in Philadelphia. Then, in 1906, her mother died. It was the second Sunday in May. In the months that followed, Anna began to change. No longer was she so gentle, so relaxed and easy-going. Instead she now had just one goal for her life--to have her mother and all the others honored throughout the whole world on the second Sunday of May. After more than a year of careful planning, Anna arranged the first Mother’s Day church service, on May 10, 1908, in Crafton, West Virginia. The next year Anna was able to get the city of Philadelphia to proclaim the second Sunday of May as an official Mother’s Day. After three more years, the state of West Virginia, where Anna’s mother had lived, made Mother’s Day a statewide observance--for a holiday in the normal sense, but still a day to remember what mothers have done for their children and society. 51. Which answer is right about Mother’s Day? A. In America, Mother’s Day is a holiday with a very long history. B. More and more countries are putting aside their tradition of celebrating Mother’s Day. C. In America, Mother’s Day is on the second Sunday in May. D. Throughout the world, Mother’s Day is celebrated on the same day. 【答案】C 【解析】第一段第一句话明确提到：“在美国，母亲节在五月的第二个星期日庆祝。”因此，选项C是正确的。 52. Choose the right explanation of the word “observance” in the last paragraph. A. remark made by people B. paying close attention C. performance of certain tradition D. notice paid widely 【答案】C 【解析】最后一段提到西弗吉尼亚州把母亲节定为全州性的庆典，这是一个传统的庆祝活动，因此observance指的是“某种传统的表演或庆祝活动”，选项C符合这个意思。 53. How long in all had Anna spent to establish Mother’s Day in West Virginia? A. from May 10, 1908 to May 10, 1911 B. for more than four years C. for more than three years D. for about three years 【答案】D 【解析】根据第五段，Anna在1908年5月10日在西弗吉尼亚州的Crafton安排了第一个母亲节教堂仪式，然后在接下来的三年里，她成功地让西弗吉尼亚州将五月的第二个星期日定为官方的母亲节。因此，Anna在西弗吉尼亚州建立母亲节共花费了大约三年的时间，选项D正确。 54. Choose the right understanding of this passage. A. Anna was born just before the assassination of President Lincoln which ended the Civil War. B. Anna was a daughter of a minister which in English means a church worker. C. Anna’s mother’s death had done a little damage to her easy life. D. The Mother’s Day celebrated in West Virginia is a day with special meaning. 【答案】D 【解析】最后一段提到，安娜的母亲曾居住在西弗吉尼亚州，该州把母亲节定为全州性的庆典，尽管它不是一个普通的节日，但它仍然是一个值得纪念母亲们为孩子们和社会所做贡献的日子。因此，可以得出结论，西弗吉尼亚州庆祝的母亲节具有特殊的意义，选项D是正确的。 55. What is most probably to be said in a following paragraph? A. Mother’s Day is celebrated in Christian countries only B. Mother’s Day gradually became a conventional celebration. C. Anna retired from her job with a fortune of over a hundred thousand dollars. D. People stopped buying candy to their mothers. 【答案】B 【解析】文章讲述了母亲节的起源和逐渐推广的过程，而最后一段提到母亲节在越来越多的国家得到认可，因此接下来的段落最有可能讲述母亲节逐渐成为一种传统的庆祝活动，即选项B。 【译文】 在美国，人们在五月的第二个星期日庆祝母亲节。在那一天，我们给母亲寄去一张特别的母亲节卡片，也许还有一些鲜花或糖果，以表达我们的爱和感激之情。虽然母亲节在美国是一个相对较新的节日，但越来越多的其他国家也在专门设立一天来纪念他们的母亲。 这一切都要从一百多年前一个叫安娜·梅的女人说起。安娜出生于1864年5月1日，就在南北战争结束和林肯总统遇刺之前。她是一位“牧师”的女儿，在美式英语中，牧师的意思是教会领袖。她是一个安静的女孩，喜欢在学校学习，但她喜欢每个人，也被每个人喜欢。 毕业后，安娜在费城的一家人寿保险公司工作。1906年，她的母亲去世了。这是五月的第二个星期天。 在接下来的几个月里，安娜开始改变。她不再那么温柔，那么轻松，那么随和了。相反，她现在只有一个人生目标——在五月的第二个星期天，让她的母亲和其他所有的人在全世界受到尊敬。 经过一年多的精心策划，安娜于1908年5月10日在西弗吉尼亚州的克拉夫顿安排了第一次母亲节的教堂服务。第二年，安娜成功地让费城宣布五月的第二个星期日为正式的母亲节。又过了三年，安娜母亲居住的西弗吉尼亚州把母亲节定为全州的节日——一个正常意义上的节日，但仍然是一个纪念母亲为孩子和社会所做贡献的日子。 B One day a few years ago, a very funny thing happened to a neighbor of mine. He is a teacher at one of London’s big medical schools. He had finished his teaching for the summer term and was at the airport on his way to Russia to give a lecture. He had put a few clothes and his lecture notes in his shoulder bag , and he had put Rupert , the skeleton (人体骨架）to be used in his lecture , in a large brown suitcase. At the airport desk, he suddenly thought that he had forgotten to buy a newspaper. He left his suitcase near the desk and went over to the shop. When he got back, he discovered that someone had taken his suitcase by mistake. He often wonders what they said when they got home and found Rupert. 56. Who wrote the story? A. Rupert’s teacher. B. The neighbor’s teacher. C. A medical school teacher. D. The teacher’s neighbor. 【答案】D 【解析】在文章第一段中提到“One day a few years ago，a very funny thing happened to a neighbor of mine.”，意思是几年前的一天，我的一个邻居发生了一件非常有趣的事情。因此，可以推断出这个故事是由作者的邻居写的，所以答案是D，即作者的邻居。 57. Why did the teacher put a skeleton in his suitcase? A. He needed it for the summer term in London. B. He needed it for the lecture he was going to give. C. He wanted to take it to Russia for medical research. D. He wanted to take it home as he had finished his teaching. 【答案】B 【解析】在文章第二段中提到：“He had put a few clothes and his lecture notes in his shoulder bag，and he had put Rupert，the skeleton to be used in his lecture，in a large brown suitcase.” 这句话表明他把人体骨架放在了行李箱中，是为了在讲座中使用，因此答案为B。 58. What happened at the airport? A. The skeleton went missing. B. The skeleton was stolen. C. The teacher forgot his suitcase. D. The teacher took the wrong suitcase. 【答案】A 【解析】在第三段中提到“he discovered that someone had taken his suitcase by mistake”，意思是他发现有人误拿了他的行李箱，而人体骨架（skeleton）就放在那个行李箱里，因此可以推断出人体骨架不见了，选项A为正确答案。 59. Which of the following best tells the teacher’s feeling about the incident? A. He was angry. B. He thinks it very funny. C. He feels helpless without Rupert. D. He feels good without Rupert. 【答案】B 【解析】在文章中提到“a very funny thing happened to a neighbor of mine”，说明作者认为这件事很有趣，而作者又是通过讲述这个故事来表达自己的感受，因此可以推断出老师也觉得这件事很有趣，选项B符合题意。 60. Which of the following might have happened afterwards? A. The teacher got back Rupert but not the suitcase. B. The teacher got back neither the suitcase nor Rupert. C. The teacher got back the suitcase but not Rupert. D. The teacher got back both the suitcase and Rupert. 【答案】B 【解析】文章最后提到老师常常想知道他们回家后看到Rupert时会说什么，这表明他失去了行李箱和人体骨架，没有找回它们，因此选项B是正确答案。 【译文】 几年前的一天，我的一个邻居发生了一件非常有趣的事情。他是伦敦一所大型医学院的老师。他已经完成了夏季学期的教学，正在去俄罗斯演讲的路上的机场。 他在背包里放了几件衣服和课堂笔记，把讲座中要用到的骨架鲁珀特(人体骨架)放在一个棕色的大手提箱里。在机场服务台，他突然想到他忘记买报纸了。他把手提箱放在桌子旁边，然后去了商店。 当他回来时，他发现有人错拿了他的手提箱。他常常想知道他们回家找到鲁伯特时说了些什么。 （2017年·山西对口升学） 从 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出符合题目要求的最佳选项。 A One day after school, I went to the teacher’s office to see my teacher, but nobody was there. As I was about to leave, I noticed a piece of paper on the floor. I picked it up and saw the words "FINAL-TERM EXAMINATION" at the top. I put the paper into my school bag secretly and ran out of the room. After I came back home, I took out the paper quickly. It was the exam paper of my worst subject, History. I felt excited. My heart beat fast. I took out my History book and started working on the answer. I had never answered any questions so seriously. On the day of the History exam, I went into the exam hall confidently. When the paper was sent to me, I dreamt of getting the highest mark in the whole grade and could not help smiling. “My History teacher always encouraged me to work hard and get better grades, but I let him down time and time again. This time I will give him a big surprise,” I thought. When the teacher said we could start, I turned the paper over. To my surprise, all the questions were different. Later I felt nervous. In the end, I almost left the paper undone. After the exam, I ran to the toilet, took out the paper and carefully read it from the top. Oh! It was last year’s exam paper. I read all the questions but I didn’t read the date. This is a lesson from which I know I have to put my feet on the ground. I regretted doing such a silly thing. After that, I told my teacher the truth and I promised to be honest. From then on, I worked harder than ever before. 56.The writer went to the teacher’s office to ______. A. take an exam         B. see his teacher C. get his school bag  D. ask some questions 【答案】B 【解析】在原文中提到：“One day after school，I went to the teacher’s office to see my teacher，but nobody was there.”（放学后的一天，我去老师的办公室看望我的老师，但是没有人在那里。）因此，作者去老师的办公室是为了看望老师，选项B是正确答案。 57.The writer always  ______ in his History exams. A. got high marks         B. did silly things C. let his teacher down  D. left the paper undone 【答案】C 【解析】在文章第四段中提到，“My History teacher always encouraged me to work hard and get better grades，but I let him down time and time again.”，意思是“我的历史老师总是鼓励我努力学习，取得更好的成绩，但我一次又一次地让他失望了。”因此，作者在历史考试中总是让老师失望，选项C是正确答案。 58.The writer felt ______ when he first saw all the questions were different. A. surprised  B. excited C. nervous     D. crazy 【答案】C 【解析】在文章第四段中提到，当作者发现试卷上的题目都不一样时，他感到紧张（nervous）。因此，当他第一次看到所有的问题都不同时，他感到紧张。 59.When did the writer know it was last year’s exam paper? A. Before he read all the questions. B. As soon as he returned home. C. Until he went into the teacher’s office. D. After he read the paper in the toilet. 【答案】D 【解析】作者在文章中写道：“After the exam，I ran to the toilet，took out the paper and carefully read it from the top. Oh! It was last year’s exam paper.”，意思是“考试结束后，我跑到厕所里，拿出试卷，从头到尾仔细读了一遍。哦！这是去年的试卷。”因此，作者是在厕所里读试卷时才知道这是去年的试卷，选项D为正确答案。 60.What might the writer write in his diary? A. After the exam, my teacher asked me to go to his office. My heart... B. I’m glad that I did very well in the exam. I gave my teacher... C. When I turned over the paper,  I couldn’t help smiling. My teacher... D. I'm truly sorry for what I did. Everyone should be honest. I’ll ... 【答案】D 【解析】文章最后一句话提到作者向老师坦白真相并承诺要诚实，因此作者可能会在日记中写到自己为所做的事情感到真正的抱歉，并强调每个人都应该诚实。选项D最符合这一情境。 【译文】 一天放学后，我去老师的办公室看我的老师，但是没有人在那里。当我正要离开时，我注意到地板上有一张纸。我把它捡起来，看到上面写着“期末考试”。我偷偷地把纸放进书包里，跑出了房间。 回到家后，我迅速拿出报纸。这是我最差的科目——历史的试卷。我感到很兴奋。我的心跳得很快。我拿出历史书，开始写答案。我从来没有如此严肃地回答过任何问题。 历史考试那天，我自信地走进考场。当试卷寄给我的时候，我梦想着能拿全年级最高分，忍不住笑了。这个人说:“我的历史老师总是鼓励我努力学习，取得更好的成绩，但是我一次又一次地让他失望。这次我要给他一个大惊喜，”我想。 当老师说我们可以开始时，我把纸翻了过来。令我惊讶的是，所有的问题都是不同的。后来我感到紧张。最后，我差点没把论文写完。考试结束后，我跑到厕所，拿出试卷，从头到尾仔细地读了一遍。哦!这是去年的考卷。我看了所有的题目，但没看日期。 这是一个教训，我知道我必须脚踏实地。我后悔做了这样一件傻事。在那之后，我告诉我的老师真相，我保证诚实。从那时起，我比以往任何时候都更加努力。 B Making a good job choice is almost as good as choosing a good life. So, choosing a job is one of the most important decisions to make in life. For my job, there are three important things that I will consider: The first one － that I must work in an area I like － is most important to me. Someone once said if you find a job that you enjoy, then you won’t have to work another day. I would like to work in an area where I can be more creative. I would like to be the most valuable member there. All this is possible only if I like what I do. The second one is that the area of my work must lead me to solve some new and hard problems. I would like to stay in the same area for a long time. In order to make it happen, the work must provide enough problems. More than just working to live, I enjoy making a difference and trying my best during the whole process. I would also like to be well remunerated for my hard work, so I can lead a comfortable life with this hard-won money. Then I can provide the best for my family. The third important thing is that I would like to work in an area that would help other people. The work in my mind is in fields such as the army, training or management. In such areas, I can help to develop the abilities of others and bring out their best. It would be a most satisfying job to help young people to become the best that they can be. When I become old, I would like to look back with a great sense of satisfaction that thousands of people have become better persons through my work. I accept the idea that no one should make a choice of a job suddenly or quickly. He should decide what he wants to be in the long run. Then, he should decide how he works towards it. He should study the proper courses, read the books and speak to knowledgeable persons in that field before making a job choice. A good choice will most probably lead to a better life. 61.According to the passage, a good job choice probably makes people ______. A. solve fewer problems B. choose a good life C. be good family members D. provide hard things 【答案】B 【解析】第一段第一句话明确指出“Making a good job choice is almost as good as choosing a good life.”，即做出一个好的工作选择几乎就像选择一个好的生活一样。因此，一个好的工作选择很可能让人们选择一个好的生活，答案为B。 62.The writer considers an enjoyable job most important because ______. A. he has to bring out his best B. it can make him more creative C. he will have to work another day D. it is possible for him to live better 【答案】B 【解析】第三段提到：“我会在一个我能更有创造力的领域工作。”这句话说明作者认为一份让他能更有创造力的工作是最重要的，因为这样的工作能让他更好地发挥自己的才华和创造力。因此，答案是B。 63.The underlined word “remunerated” in the passage means ______. A. trained B. praised C. accepted D. paid 【答案】D 【解析】句子中提到“so I can lead a comfortable life with this hard-won money”，即作者希望通过自己的努力工作获得好的报酬，以过上舒适的生活。因此，根据上下文语境，可以推断出“remunerated”在此处的意思是“支付、报酬”，与选项D的“paid”相符。 64.The writer wants to tell us that everyone should ______. A. become a knowledgeable person B. join the army to become a better person C. make preparations to find a satisfying job D. help young people to choose an interesting job 【答案】C 【解析】作者在最后一段提到：“他应该决定他想要成为什么样的人，然后决定他如何朝那个方向努力。他应该学习适当的课程，阅读书籍，并与该领域的知识渊博的人交谈，然后再选择工作。”这表明作者希望每个人都应该为找到一份令人满意的工作做好准备，因此答案是C。 65.What is the best title for the passage? A. My Job Choice B. My Favorite Job C. My Comfortable Life D. My Sense of Satisfaction 【答案】A 【解析】文章主要围绕“我的工作选择”进行描述，包括选择工作的重要性、考虑的因素以及如何做出选择等，因此最佳标题为“My Job Choice”。 【译文】 选择一份好的工作几乎和选择一份好的生活一样重要。所以，选择工作是人生中最重要的决定之一。 对于我的工作，我将考虑三件重要的事情: 第一点——我必须在我喜欢的领域工作——对我来说是最重要的。有人曾经说过，如果你找到了一份你喜欢的工作，那么你就不用再工作了。我想在一个更有创造力的领域工作。我想成为那里最有价值的成员。只有当我喜欢我的工作时，这一切才有可能。 第二，我的工作领域必须引导我解决一些新的和困难的问题。我想长期呆在同一个地方。为了实现这一目标，这项工作必须提供足够的问题。不仅仅是为了生活而工作，我喜欢在整个过程中有所作为，尽我最大的努力。我也希望我的辛勤工作能得到良好的回报，这样我就可以用这些来之不易的钱过上舒适的生活。这样我就可以为我的家庭提供最好的。 第三件重要的事情是，我想在一个能帮助别人的领域工作。我心目中的工作是在军队、培训或管理等领域。在这些方面，我可以帮助发展别人的能力，发挥他们最好的能力。这将是一个最令人满意的工作，帮助年轻人成为最好的他们可以。当我老了，我想带着极大的满足感回顾，成千上万的人通过我的工作成为更好的人。 我接受这样的观点，即没有人应该突然或迅速地选择一份工作。从长远来看，他应该决定自己想做什么。然后，他应该决定如何实现这一目标。在选择工作之前，他应该学习适当的课程，阅读书籍，并与该领域的知识渊博的人交谈。一个好的选择很可能会带来更好的生活。 C Are you shy? If you are, you are not alone. In fact, close to 50 percent of people are shy. Almost 80 percent of people feel shy at some point in their lives. These days, shyness is becoming more and more common. Now, scientists are trying to understand shyness. They have some interesting ideas about why people are shy. Is it possible to be born shy? Many scientists say yes. They say 15 to 20 percent of babies behave shyly. These babies are a little quieter and more watchful than other babies. Interestingly, these shy babies usually have shy parents. As a result, scientists think that some shyness is genetic. Family size might cause people to be shy as well. Scientists at Harvard University studied shy children. They found that 66 percent of them had older brothers and sisters. As a result, they became shy. At the same time, children with no brothers and sisters may be shy as well. Growing up alone, they often play by themselves. They are not able to learn the same social skills as children from big families. You may also be shy because of where you were born. When scientists studied shyness in different countries, they found surprising differences. In Japan, most people said they were shy. But in Israel, only one in three people said so. What explains the difference? One scientist says the Japanese and Israelis have different opinions of failure. In Japan, when people do not succeed, they feel bad about themselves. They blame（责备）themselves for their failure. In Israel, the opposite is true. Israelis often blame failure on outside reasons, such as family, teachers, friends, or bad luck. In Israel, freedom of opinion and risk taking are strongly supported. This may be why Israelis worry less about failure and are less shy. For shy people, it can be difficult to make friends, speak in class, and even get a good job. But scientists say you can get over your shyness. They suggest trying new things and practicing conversation. And don’t forget---if you are shy, you are not the only one. 66.What is the passage mainly about? A. Happiness. B. Shyness. C. Kindness. D. Loneliness. 【答案】B 【解析】文章主要讲述了害羞这一主题，提到了害羞的普遍性、科学家对害羞的研究以及害羞可能带来的问题等。因此，文章主要关于害羞（Shyness）。 67.What does the underlined word “genetic” in paragraph 2 probably mean? A. Passed down from parents. B. Learned from friends. C. Taught by teachers. D. Made up by brothers. 【答案】A 【解析】在第二段中提到“科学家认为一些害羞是遗传的”，根据常识和语境可以推断“genetic”的意思是“从父母那里遗传下来的”，因此答案为A。 68.What can be learned from the passage? A. Most little babies are born shy and quiet. B. If you are shy now, you will be shy forever. C. Many shy children have older brothers and sisters. D. Most Israeli people are shy of expressing opinions. 【答案】C 【解析】第三段中提到，哈佛大学的科学家研究了害羞的孩子，发现其中66%有哥哥或姐姐，因此可以得出结论，许多害羞的孩子都有哥哥或姐姐。因此，答案为C。 69.We can learn from the passage that ______ may cause shyness. A. genetics, grown--ups and birthplace B. genetics, family size and birthplace C. family size, grown--ups and failure D. genetics, family size and freedom 【答案】B 【解析】文章中提到科学家认为有些害羞是遗传的，同时家庭大小和出生地也会影响一个人的害羞程度。因此，可以得出结论，遗传、家庭大小和出生地都可能导致害羞。所以选项B是正确答案。 70.Scientists suggest that shy people can get over their shyness by ______. A. trying new things and practicing conversation. B. blaming their failure on outside reasons. C. getting themselves away from their shy parents. D. trying to understand reasons for their shyness. 【答案】A 【解析】文章最后一段提到：“科学家们说你可以克服害羞。他们建议尝试新事物和练习对话。”因此，科学家建议害羞的人可以尝试新事物和练习对话来克服害羞，所以答案是A。 【译文】 你害羞吗?如果你是，你并不孤单。事实上，接近50%的人都很害羞。几乎80%的人在人生的某个阶段会感到害羞。如今，害羞变得越来越普遍。现在，科学家们正试图理解害羞。他们对人们为什么害羞有一些有趣的想法。 有可能天生害羞吗?许多科学家的回答是肯定的。他们说15%到20%的婴儿表现害羞。这些婴儿比其他婴儿更安静，更警觉。有趣的是，这些害羞的婴儿通常有害羞的父母。因此，科学家们认为有些害羞是遗传的。 家庭规模也可能导致人们害羞。哈佛大学的科学家研究了害羞的孩子。他们发现，其中66%的人有哥哥姐姐。结果，他们变得害羞了。与此同时，没有兄弟姐妹的孩子也可能害羞。他们独自长大，经常自己玩。他们不能像大家庭的孩子那样学习同样的社交技巧。 你也可能因为你的出生地而害羞。当科学家研究不同国家的羞怯时，他们发现了惊人的差异。在日本，大多数人说他们很害羞。但在以色列，只有三分之一的人这么说。如何解释这种差异呢?一位科学家说，日本人和以色列人对失败有不同的看法。在日本，当人们没有成功时，他们会自我感觉不好。他们把失败归咎于(责备)自己。在以色列，情况正好相反。以色列人经常把失败归咎于外部原因，比如家庭、老师、朋友或运气不好。在以色列，舆论自由和冒险受到强烈支持。这也许就是为什么以色列人不那么担心失败，也不那么害羞的原因。 对于害羞的人来说，很难交到朋友，在课堂上说话，甚至找一份好工作。但科学家表示，你可以克服害羞。他们建议尝试新事物和练习对话。不要忘记——如果你害羞，你不是唯一一个。 （2016年·山西对口升学） 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出空白处的最佳选项。 ( A ) For several years, Americans have enjoyed tele-shopping-watching TV and buying things by phone. Now tele-shopping is starting in Europe. In a number of European countries, people can turn on their TVs and shop for clothes, jewelry, food, toys, and many other things. Tele-shopping is becoming popular in Sweden, for example. The biggest Swedish company sells different kinds of things on TV in 15 European countries, and in one year it made $100 million. In France there are two tele-shopping channels, and the French spend about $20 million a year to buy things through those channels. In Germany, until last year tele-shopping was only possible on one channel for l hour every day. Then the government allowed more tele-shopping. Other channels can open for tele-business, including the largest American tele-shopping company and a 24-hour tele-shopping company. German businesses are hoping this new tele-shopping will help them sell more things. Some people like tele-shopping because it allows them to do their shopping without leaving their homes. With all the problems of traffic in the cities, this is an important reason. But at the same time, other Europeans do not like this new way of shopping. They call tele-shopping "Junk (垃圾) on the air". Many Europeans usually worry about the quality of the things for sale on TV. Good quality is important to them, and they believe they cannot be sure about the quality of the things on TV. The need for high quality means that European tele-shopping companies will have to be different from the American companies. They will have to be more careful about the quality of the things they sell. They will also have to work harder to sell things that the buyers cannot touch or see in person. 56. Tele-shopping is in Europe. A. not popular B. growing C. not possible D. cheap 【答案】B 【解析】在文章第一段中提到，“Now tele-shopping is starting in Europe.”，意思是现在电视购物正在欧洲开始兴起，因此可以推断出电视购物在欧洲是增长中的。所以答案是B，即growing。 57. People like tele-shopping because it is . A. American B. cheaper C. easier D. more popular 【答案】C 【解析】在第四段中提到，“Some people like tele-shopping because it allows them to do their shopping without leaving their homes.”，意思是有些人喜欢电视购物，因为它可以让他们在家购物，而不需要离开家。因此，人们喜欢电视购物的原因是它更方便，即easier。 58. Some Europeans don’t like tele-shopping because they . A. don't like to buy things B. don't watch TV C. believe the things sold on TV are expensive D. think the things sold on TV are of bad quality 【答案】D 【解析】在第四段中提到，许多欧洲人通常担心电视上出售的商品的质量，因此他们不喜欢电视购物。因此，选项D“认为电视上出售的商品质量不好”是正确的答案。 59. In Germany, tele-shopping may . A. help businessmen get more money B. keep the shops open longer C. have fewer buyers D. bring better TV programs 【答案】A 【解析】在第三段中提到，德国企业希望新的电视购物方式能帮助他们卖出更多的东西，即帮助他们获得更多的利润。因此，在德国，电视购物可能会帮助商人赚更多的钱，选项A是正确的。 60. The best title of this passage is . A. American Tele-shopping B. Tele-shopping Companies C. Tele-shopping in Europe D. Tele-shopping-Junk on the Air 【答案】C 【解析】文章主要讲述了电视购物在欧洲的兴起、现状和发展，因此最合适的标题是“Tele-shopping in Europe”，即“欧洲的电视购物”。其他选项如“American Tele-shopping”，“Tele-shopping Companies”和“Tele-shopping-Junk on the Air”都偏离了文章的主要内容。 【译文】 几年来，美国人一直享受着电话购物——看电视和通过电话买东西。现在，远程购物开始在欧洲兴起。在许多欧洲国家，人们可以打开电视购买衣服、珠宝、食品、玩具和许多其他东西。 例如，在瑞典，远程购物正变得越来越流行。这家瑞典最大的公司在15个欧洲国家的电视上销售各种各样的东西，一年就赚了1亿美元。在法国有两个电视购物频道，法国人每年花费大约2000万美元通过这些频道购物。 在德国，直到去年，电视购物每天只能在一个频道播放1小时。后来政府允许更多的远程购物。其他的渠道可以为远程电子商务打开，包括美国最大的远程购物公司和24小时远程购物公司。德国商家希望这种新的远程购物能帮助他们卖出更多的东西。 有些人喜欢远程购物，因为这样可以让他们不出家门就能购物。在城市的交通问题中，这是一个重要的原因。但与此同时，其他欧洲人并不喜欢这种新的购物方式。他们称远程购物为“垃圾节目(垃圾)”。许多欧洲人通常担心电视上出售的商品的质量。好的质量对他们来说很重要，他们认为他们不能确定电视上的东西的质量。 对高质量的需求意味着欧洲的远程购物公司将不得不与美国公司有所不同。他们将不得不对所售商品的质量更加小心。他们还必须更加努力地销售那些买家无法亲自触摸或看到的东西。 ( B ) When I was a child, my parents always told me that I should never talk to strangers. This was part of a whole list of things I should never do: Never accept food or candy from strangers, never get in a car with strangers, and so on. But if we didn’t start a conversation with strangers, we’d never make new friends. We’d never get a job. We may miss the joy that comes from talking with strangers. And the more people you know, the more chances you can get. The following passage offers you some advice on how to break the ice. Don’t just stare at your shoes. Go and say “Hi” to that new guy. It will be easier to break the ice if you know more about different cultures. British: Beautiful day, isn’t it？ The weather in Britain is changeable. So, it is one of the topics the British care most about. And there’s a simple rule: Say “Yes” whether you agree with the person’s idea on the weather or not. That’s because the British start a conversation using the weather so that they can continue their talk. French: Where did you go on holiday？ To talk with a French person, the safest way is to ask his or her last holiday. French students enjoy a 10-to-15-day holiday every two months. French employees get more than six weeks of holidays per year. American: So, where are you from？ The US is so big and people move so often that location is always a source of talk. You can try to find a connection with the place they’re from. For example, if someone’s from Los Angeles, you could say: “Oh, I have a friend who studied there” 61. Why did the writer’s parents tell him not to talk to strangers？ A. It was dangerous. B. Is wasted time. C. It was part of the life. D. Their son didn’t like to talk to strangers. 【答案】A 【解析】在文章第一段中提到，作者的父母告诉他不要和陌生人说话，这是因为他可能会遇到危险。因此，A选项“这很危险”是正确答案。 62. The best thing to talk with British is . . A. the fog B. the rain C. the weather D. the wind 【答案】C 【解析】在文章第五段中提到，英国的天气变化无常，所以英国人最关心的话题之一就是天气。因此，与英国人交谈最好的话题是天气，选项C是正确答案。 63. To talk with a French person, the safest way is . . A. his or her family B. his or her parents C. his or her friends D. his or her last holiday 【答案】D 【解析】在文章第六段中提到，与法国人交谈最安全的方式是询问他或她上次的假期。因此，D选项“他或她上次的假期”是正确答案。 64. The location is always a source of talk in America because . . A. they are energetic B. they love their home C. los Angeles is their location D. the US is so big and people move so often 【答案】D 【解析】在文章第七段中提到，美国很大，人们经常搬家，所以地点总是谈话的来源。因此，D选项“美国很大，人们经常搬家”是正确答案。 65. According to the passage, the writer thinks . . A. his parents were right B. he can talk with strangers freely C. It is necessary to talk with strangers D. he can find jobs easily. 【答案】C 【解析】在文章第二段中提到，如果我们不和陌生人交谈，我们就永远交不到新朋友，也找不到工作，甚至可能错过与陌生人交谈带来的快乐。因此，作者认为与陌生人交谈是必要的，选项C是正确答案。 【译文】 当我还是个孩子的时候，我的父母总是告诉我，我不应该和陌生人说话。这是我不应该做的事情清单中的一部分:永远不要接受陌生人的食物或糖果，永远不要和陌生人一起坐车，等等。 但是，如果我们不与陌生人开始交谈，我们就永远不会交到新朋友。我们永远也找不到工作。我们可能会错过与陌生人交谈所带来的快乐。你认识的人越多，你得到的机会就越多。 下面这篇文章为你提供了一些如何打破僵局的建议。 不要只盯着你的鞋子。去跟那个新来的人打个招呼吧。如果你对不同的文化了解得更多，就会更容易打破僵局。 英国人:天气真好，不是吗? 英国的天气多变。所以，这是英国人最关心的话题之一。有一个简单的规则:不管你是否同意对方对天气的看法，都要说“是”。这是因为英国人用天气来开始谈话，这样他们就可以继续谈话。 法语:你假期去哪儿了? 与法国人交谈，最保险的方法是问他或她最近的假期。法国学生每两个月有10到15天的假期。法国员工每年有超过六周的假期。 美国人:那么，你来自哪里? 美国太大了，人们搬家太频繁了，所以地点总是一个话题。你可以试着找到他们来自的地方的联系。例如，如果某人来自洛杉矶，你可以说:“哦，我有个朋友在那里学习。” ( C ) Height is just one of the thousands of features your genes（基因） decide. In fact, because you have two parents, your genes provide you a height that usually lands somewhere between the height between each parent. If both your parents are tall, then most probably you will be tall, too. If you have questions about how tall you’re going to be, ask your doctor if he or she can help you find it out. But genes don’t decide everything. For example, eating an unhealthy diet can keep you from growing to your full potential(潜力). Getting plenty of sleep and enough exercise will help you grow to the expected height. No doubt you’re wondering how fast you should grow. It depends. There’s no perfect or right answer. Generally speaking, kids grow about two inches (six centimeters) a year between age three and the time when they start puberty. Your doctor will know how your growth has been going over the years. Two centimeters here and two inches there are not nearly as important as the height you’re at now, how you’ve been growing up to this point, and what other changes your body may be going through. Don’t be nervous if you seem to have grown a lot in a very short time. Everyone has a growth spurt（高峰）during puberty. The age for starting puberty is about 10 for girls and about 11 for boys. But it can be earlier or later, between 7 and 13 for girls and 7 and 15 for boys. You’ll usually begin to notice that you’re growing faster about a year or after your body starts to show the first changes of puberty. 66. If you want to know how tall you shall grow, . A. you should have enough exercise B. you can ask your doctor for help C. you should have a healthy diet D. You can record your growth during puberty 【答案】B 【解析】在文章第一段中提到，如果你想知道你会长多高，可以向你的医生寻求帮助，看看他或她是否能帮你找出答案。因此，正确答案是B，即你可以向你的医生寻求帮助。 67. After reading this passage, we can learn . A. how good it is to be a doctor B. how much sleep time we need C. why genes can’t decide everything D. what is a healthy diet for children 【答案】C 【解析】在文章第二段中提到，基因并不能决定一切，例如不健康的饮食会阻碍你达到完全的潜力。因此，我们可以从这篇文章中学到为什么基因不能决定一切。选项C是正确答案。 68. The underlined word “puberty” means in Chinese. A. 童年时期 B. 婴幼儿时期 C. 习惯养成期 D. 生长发育期 【答案】D 【解析】在文章第五段中提到，每个人在青春期都会有一个生长高峰，而青春期是指生长发育期，因此puberty在中文中应该翻译为“生长发育期”。 69. Which is NOT mentioned in the passage? A. Your height most probably depends on how tall your parents are. B. Girls’ age for starting puberty is usually earlier than boys’. C. The time showing the first changes of puberty is never noticed. D. You may be nervous sometimes when you grow too fast. 【答案】C 【解析】在文章第六段中提到，你通常会开始注意到你的身体开始显示青春期的第一个变化后一年左右，你长得更快了。这说明人们会注意到青春期的第一个变化的时间，因此C选项“青春期的第一个变化的时间从未被注意到”是不正确的。 70. This passage is mainly about . A. how the genes work in your body B. the times at which you grow the most C. how you grow during your puberty D. how you grow to a certain height 【答案】D 【解析】文章主要介绍了身高是如何由基因和生活方式共同决定的，以及在不同阶段身高的增长情况。因此，文章主要讨论的是如何长到一定的高度，即D选项。 【译文】 身高只是基因决定的数千个特征之一(基因)。事实上，因为你有双亲，你的基因给你提供的身高通常落在双亲之间的某个地方。如果你的父母都很高，那么很可能你也会很高。如果你对自己的身高有疑问，问你的医生是否他或她能帮你找到答案。 但基因并不能决定一切。例如，不健康的饮食会阻碍你充分发挥潜能(潜力)。充足的睡眠和足够的锻炼将帮助你长到预期的高度。 毫无疑问，你想知道你应该以多快的速度成长。视情况而定。没有完美或正确的答案。一般来说，孩子从三岁到进入青春期，每年长高约2英寸(6厘米)。 你的医生会知道这些年来你的成长情况。这里两厘米，那里两英寸远不如你现在的身高重要，你是如何成长到这个地步的，以及你的身体可能经历的其他变化。 如果你似乎在很短的时间内成长了很多，不要紧张。每个人在青春期都有一个生长突增期(高峰)。青春期开始的年龄是女孩10岁左右，男孩11岁左右。但也可以早一点或晚一点，女孩在7岁到13岁之间，男孩在7岁到15岁之间。 你通常会注意到你在大约一年或在你的身体开始显示青春期的第一个变化之后，你的生长速度更快。 （2015年·山西对口升学） 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出符合题目要求的最佳选项。 ( A ) Gladys Holm was a secretary. She worked in an office all her life. Gladys made about $15,000 a year. She died when she was 86 years old. And she left a big surprise—$18 million!She gave the money to a children’s hospital. Gladys Holm never got married or had any children. But she always liked children, and she wanted to help them.When her friend’s daughter was ill in hospital. Gladys brought her a toy bear. After that, she visited the hospital many times. Every time she visited, she brought toy bears for those children. After that, people started to call Gladys the“Toy bear Lady”. Gladys always gave toys and presents to her friends and family but no one knew she had a lot of money. She lived in a small house outside Chicago. Everyone was very surprised when they learned she was a millionaire. A family friend said,“She always gave us nice presents and things, but we didn’t know she was rich.” How did Gladys get so much money? She asked her boss how to make more money, and she listened to what he said. She brought the stocks that he told her to buy, and she got very rich. Before she died, she talked to her friends about“giving something to the children’s hospital”. No one knew that the“something”was $18 million! 56.Gladys Holm often visited the hospital and gave children toy bears because_______. A. she had too much money B. she had a lot of toy bears C. she had never got married and had no children D. she liked children very much 【答案】D 【解析】Gladys Holm经常去医院给孩子们送玩具熊，因为她非常喜欢孩子，想要帮助他们。这一点在文章第二段中有明确的描述：“But she always liked children，and she wanted to help them.”（但她一直喜欢孩子，并想帮助他们。）因此，选项D是正确答案。 57. People started to call Gladys the“Toy Bear Lady”________. A. after she visited the children in hospital many times B. after she died C. before her friend’s daughter was ill D. before she worked with her boss 【答案】A 【解析】在文章第二段中提到，Gladys Holm在朋友的女儿生病住院后，多次去医院看望，并给孩子们带去了玩具熊。之后，人们开始称她为“玩具熊女士”。因此，人们开始称她为“玩具熊女士”是在她多次去医院看望孩子们之后，选项A正确。 58. Everyone was surprised that ______. A. Gladys lived such a long life  B. Gladys lived in a small house outside Chicago C. Gladys had so much money  D. Gladys always gave her friends nice presents 【答案】C 【解析】在文章第三段中提到，Gladys Holm住在一个芝加哥郊外的小房子里，但当人们得知她是百万富翁时，都非常惊讶。因此，每个人都很惊讶Gladys Holm有这么多钱，选项C是正确答案。 59. _______, so she got rich. A. Gladys made $15,000 a year as a secretary B. Gladys did what the boss told her to do C. Gladys got the money from the boss D. Gladys did another job in the hospital 【答案】B 【解析】Gladys听从了老板的建议，买了他推荐的股票，因此变得非常富有。这一点在文章第四段中有明确的描述：“She brought the stocks that he told her to buy，and she got very rich.”（她买了老板让她买的股票，因此变得非常富有。）因此，选项B是正确答案。 60. When Gladys Holm became a millionaire, _________ . A. she spent most of the money on nice presents and things B. she still lived in the same way C. she stopped working D. she could hardly wait to tell her friends and family 【答案】B 【解析】在文章第三段中提到，Gladys Holm一直过着普通的生活，住在一个小房子里，没有人知道她有很多钱。因此，当她成为百万富翁时，她仍然过着同样的生活，选项B是正确答案。 【译文】 格拉迪斯·霍尔姆是一名秘书。她一辈子都在办公室工作。格拉迪斯每年的收入约为1.5万美元。她在86岁时去世。她留下了一个大惊喜——1800万美元!她把钱捐给了一家儿童医院。 格拉迪斯·霍尔姆从未结婚，也没有孩子。但她总是喜欢孩子，她想帮助他们。当她朋友的女儿生病住院时。格拉迪斯给她带来了一只玩具熊。从那以后，她多次去医院。每次她来，都会给孩子们带来玩具熊。从那以后，人们开始称格拉迪斯为“玩具熊女士”。 格拉迪斯总是给她的朋友和家人送玩具和礼物，但没有人知道她很有钱。她住在芝加哥郊外的一所小房子里。当大家知道她是个百万富翁时，都很惊讶。家里的一位朋友说:“她总是给我们漂亮的礼物和东西，但我们不知道她很富有。” 格拉迪斯是怎么弄到这么多钱的?她问她的老板如何赚更多的钱，她听了他的话。她带来了他让她买的股票，她变得非常富有。在她去世前，她跟朋友们说要“给儿童医院捐点东西”。没有人知道这个“东西”是1800万美元! ( B ) Every day, it is easy to see advertisements in English all around us. Look at your own bags and clothes, and at the bags and clothes of your classmates. How many different advertisements with English words can you see? Often bags and clothes show the name of the company that made them. This is a popular form. A special picture or symbol called a logo (标识语) is sometimes used. Logos appear on many different products. They are popular because when you see a logo, it is hard to forget that product or company. It is common to see advertisements on TV and hear them on the radio. Most advertisements are very short. Sometimes the advertisers use a short sentence which is easy for people to say and remember. Nike, for example, has a simple English sentence which is used all around the world: “Just do it.” Advertisements often use funny situations as well. It is simple to remember it. All advertisements are designed to make people buy their products. An advertisement for a soft drink, for example, might show a group of young people who are having fun. The young people are al1 drinking the soft drink. Advertisers are saying to you, “Why don’t you buy this drink and be like these people? You can be young and modern.” You might think that advertisements are not after you, but the next time you buy a soft drink, ask yourself this question: Why am I buying this particular (特定的) product? 61. From the passage,we know that ______. A. all the advertisements around us are written in English B. many bags have the name of the company that made them C. having soft drinks makes a person young and modern D. advertisements are only after young people 【答案】B 【解析】第二段提到“Often bags and clothes show the name of the company that made them.”，即许多包和衣服上印有制造它们的公司的名字，因此B选项正确。A选项过于绝对，因为文章中并未提到所有广告都是用英文写的；C选项是误导性信息，文章中只是提到广告可能会让人感觉喝软饮料会让人年轻和现代，但并没有说喝软饮料真的能让人变得年轻和现代；D选项也是错误的，因为广告不仅仅是针对年轻人的。 62. A good logo is ______. A. easy to remember B. a useful product C. difficult to understand D. easy to buy 【答案】A 【解析】第二段中提到“Logos appear on many different products. They are popular because when you see a logo，it is hard to forget that product or company.”，即Logo之所以受欢迎，是因为它们很难被忘记。因此，一个好的Logo应该是容易记住的，选项A正确。 63. People are most likely to remember an advertisement that is ______. A. in English B. long C. funny D. famous 【答案】C 【解析】在第三段中提到：“Advertisements often use funny situations as well. It is simple to remember it.”，意思是广告经常使用有趣的情景，这样很容易让人记住。因此，人们最有可能记住的是有趣的广告，选项C是正确答案。 64. All advertisements are designed to ______. A. sell you something you don't want B. make you young and modern C. make you buy the product D. show you what you need to buy 【答案】C 【解析】第四段中提到"All advertisements are designed to make people buy their products."，即所有的广告都是为了让人们购买他们的产品而设计的。因此，选项C是正确答案。 65. The best title of this passage may be ______. A. Advertisements for Bags and Clothes B. Advertisements on TV and Radio C. Advertisements about Sports D. Advertisements around Us 【答案】D 【解析】文章主要介绍了我们周围的广告，包括包和衣服上的广告、电视和广播上的广告等等，因此最好的标题应该是“我们周围的广告”，即选项D。其他选项只是文章中的一部分内容，不能全面概括文章的主旨。 【译文】 每天，在我们周围很容易看到英语广告。看看你自己的书包和衣服，看看你同学的书包和衣服。你能看到多少不同的英语广告? 包包和衣服上经常印有生产它们的公司的名字。这是一种流行的形式。有时使用一种特殊的图片或符号，称为标志(标识语)。商标出现在许多不同的产品上。它们很受欢迎，因为当你看到一个标志时，很难忘记这个产品或公司。 在电视上看到广告和在收音机里听到广告是很常见的。大多数广告都很短。有时，广告商使用简短的句子，便于人们说和记住。例如，耐克公司就有一句全世界都在使用的简单英语句子:“Just do it。”广告也经常使用有趣的情景。记住它很简单。 所有的广告都是为了让人们购买他们的产品。例如，软饮料的广告可能会展示一群正在玩得开心的年轻人。年轻人都在喝软饮料。广告商对你说:“你为什么不买这种饮料，像这些人一样呢?”你可以既年轻又时髦。” 你可能认为广告不吸引你，但是下次你买软饮料的时候，问自己这个问题:我为什么要买这种特别的(特定的)产品? ( C ) Elizabeth Blackwell was born in England in 1821, and moved to New York City when she was ten years old. One day she decided that she wanted to become a doctor. That was nearly impossible for a woman in the middle of the nineteenth century. After writing many letters asking for admission(录取) to medical schools, she was finally accepted by a doctor in Philadelphia. She was so determined (下定决心) that she taught school and gave music lessons to get money for the cost of schooling. In 1849, after graduation from medical school, she decided to further her education in Paris. She wanted to be a surgeon(外科医师) , but a serious eye problem forced her to give up the idea. Upon returning to the United States, she found it difficult to start her own practice because she was a woman. By 1857 Elizabeth and her sister, also a doctor, along with another woman doctor, managed to open a new hospital, the first for women and children. Besides being the first woman physician and founding her own hospital , she also set up the first medical school for women. 66. What main obstacle(障碍) almost destroyed Elizabeth's chances for becoming a doctor?______ A. She was a woman B. She wrote too many letters. C. She couldn’t graduate from medical school. D. She couldn’t set up her hospital. 【答案】A 【解析】在文章第一段中提到，对于19世纪中期的女性来说，成为一名医生几乎是不可能的。因此，Elizabeth成为医生的最大障碍是她是一名女性。因此，答案为A。 67. Why couldn’t Elizabeth Blackwell realize her dream of becoming a surgeon?______ A. She couldn't get admitted to medical school B. She decided to further her education in Paris C. A serious eye problem stopped her D. It was difficult for her to start a practice in the United States 【答案】C 【解析】在文章第二段中提到，Elizabeth想要成为一名外科医生，但是一个严重的眼疾迫使她放弃了这个想法。因此，她不能实现成为外科医生的梦想是因为她的眼睛问题。选项C是正确答案。 68. How many years passed between her graduation from medical school and the opening of her hospital?______ A. Eight years B. Ten years C. Nineteen years D. Thirty- six years 【答案】A 【解析】根据文章中的时间线，Elizabeth在1849年从医学院毕业，然后在1857年和她的姐姐以及其他女性医生一起开设了第一家为女性和儿童服务的医院。因此，从毕业到开设医院之间经过了8年。所以答案是A。 69. According to the passage, all of the following are "firsts" in the life of Elizabeth Blackwell except that ______ . A. she became the first woman physician B. she was the first woman surgeon C. she and several other women founded the first hospital for women and children D. she set up the first medical school for women 【答案】B 【解析】在文章中提到，Elizabeth Blackwell是第一个女医生，她和几个其他女性一起创建了第一家为女性和儿童服务的医院，并建立了第一所女子医学院。但是文章并没有提到她是第一个女外科医生，因此B选项不是她的“第一次”。 70. Elizabeth Blackwell spent most of her life in ______ . A. Paris B. the United States C. England D. New York City 【答案】B 【解析】在文章第一段中提到，Elizabeth Blackwell在十岁时搬到了纽约市，并在美国度过了她的大部分生活。因此，她的大部分生活都在美国度过，答案为B。 【译文】 伊丽莎白·布莱克威尔1821年出生于英国，10岁时搬到纽约。有一天，她决定要成为一名医生。这对一个19世纪中叶的女人来说几乎是不可能的。她写了很多申请医学院的信(录取)，最终被费城的一位医生录取。她是如此坚定(下定决心)，她教学校和音乐课程，以获得教育费用的钱。 1849年，从医学院毕业后，她决定到巴黎深造。她想成为一名外科医生(外科医师)，但严重的眼睛问题迫使她放弃了这个想法。 回到美国后，她发现很难开始自己的实践，因为她是一个女人。到1857年，伊丽莎白和她的姐姐，也是一名医生，以及另一名女医生，成功地开了一家新医院，这是第一家为妇女和儿童服务的医院。她不仅是第一位女医生，创办了自己的医院，还创办了第一所女子医学院。 （2014年·山西对口升学） 从 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出符合题目要求的最佳选项。 ( A ) When you visit a European family in winter, you’d better not take off your coat as soon as you enter the house. Because that means you will stay for a long time, which will make the host feel nervous. So you should wait until the host asks, “May I take your coat?” If you are lucky enough to be invited to a formal dinner party in Paris, you should mind your manners. Even your “finest manners” may not be correct by French custom. For example, it is not polite to arrive with a gift of flowers in hand, because the hostess will deal with finding a vase when she is too busy to do that. Though the French love wine, you must never bring a bottle of wine to a dinner party. Why? It’s as if you feared your hosts would not have enough wine on hand, and that’s an insult（侮辱）. You may, however, offer a box of chocolate which the hostess will pass after dinner with coffee. Another thing you should remember: it is not polite to use the bathroom in a private house. Once seated at the table, guests must never get up and leave the table-not to go to help the hostess in the kitchen, and not to serve or clear. 51.You shouldn’t take off your coat on arriving at a French house, because______. A. the coat will make the house dirty B. you will make the host nervous C. the host will have no room for it D. it will bring bad luck to the host 【答案】B 【解析】在文章中提到：“Because that means you will stay for a long time，which will make the host feel nervous.” 这意味着你将在那里待很长时间，这会让主人感到紧张。因此，你不应该在到达法国人家里时脱下外套，因为这会让主人感到不安。因此，答案为B。 52.The finest manners in China will ______ in France. A. help you a lot B. not be accepted C. be the same D. be the worst manners 【答案】B 【解析】在文章第二段中提到：“Even your ‘finest manners’ may not be correct by French custom.”，意思是即使你最好的礼仪在法国习俗中也可能不被接受。因此，选项B正确，即在中国最好的礼仪在法国可能不被接受。 53. Why is it not polite to bring a gift of flowers in hand to a dinner party in France? A. Because flowers mean bad luck in France. B. Because no one likes flowers in France. C. Because the hostess will be too busy to find a vase for them. D. Because there is no vase in France. 【答案】C 【解析】在文章中提到：“it is not polite to arrive with a gift of flowers in hand，because the hostess will deal with finding a vase when she is too busy to do that.” 这说明带着一束花到达是不礼貌的，因为当女主人很忙的时候，她需要去找一个花瓶来装花。因此，选项C是正确答案。 54. What should you bring to the dinner party as a gift? A. A box of chocolate. B. Some flowers C. A bottle of wine. D. A cup of coffee. 【答案】A 【解析】在第四段中提到：“You may，however，offer a box of chocolate which the hostess will pass after dinner with coffee.” 这句话表明，在晚餐后，女主人会分发一盒巧克力与咖啡，因此你可以带一盒巧克力作为礼物带到晚餐派对上。所以答案是A。 55.Which of the following statements is not true? A. French people like wine. B. You should not use the bathroom in a private house. C. In France, people usually have coffee after dinner. D. You should help the hostess in the kitchen. 【答案】D 【解析】在文章最后一段中提到：“Once seated at the table，guests must never get up and leave the table-not to go to help the hostess in the kitchen，and not to serve or clear.” 这句话明确说明了客人不应该离开餐桌去帮助女主人在厨房里帮忙，因此D选项“你应该帮助女主人在厨房里”是不正确的。 【译文】 冬天去欧洲人家做客，最好不要一进门就脱外套。因为那意味着你要待很长时间，这会让主人感到紧张。所以你应该等到主人问你:“我可以帮你拿外套吗?” 如果你有幸被邀请参加巴黎的正式晚宴，你应该注意自己的举止。即使你的“最好的举止”也可能不符合法国的习俗。 例如，手里拿着一束花是不礼貌的，因为女主人会在她太忙而没有时间去找花瓶的时候处理这件事。 虽然法国人喜欢葡萄酒，但你绝对不能带一瓶葡萄酒去参加晚宴。为什么?这就好像你担心主人手头没有足够的酒，这是一种侮辱(侮辱)。不过，你可以送一盒巧克力，女主人会在晚饭后配着咖啡递给你。 另一件你应该记住的事情是:在私人住宅里使用浴室是不礼貌的。客人一旦就座，就不能起身离开餐桌——不能去厨房帮助女主人，也不能上菜或收拾餐具。 ( Free s oft drink Buy any meal for at least $6 at Mike’s C af é , and receive a free soft drink. We serve the best hamburgers and snacks in the Mall. Come in and try our delicious meals and our excellent service. You won’t be disappointed! ) ( 10% Off )（B） Shopping Coupons For Bayfield Market ( 6 Hours Free Parking If you spend $ 100 or more in our stores you will receive six hours of free parking . Take this coupon to the service desk on level 4 to stamp ! ) ( Buy one, get one free Buy one shirt or tie at Daniel’s Menswear, and get another shirt or tie of the same value free . ) ( 10% Off Show this coupon at The Book Store to get a 10% discount on any books you buy . We have lots of books to choose from , including children’s books, novels, travel guides and hobbies. You’re sure to find something that you will enjoy. ) ( Free s oft drink Buy any meal for at least $6 at Mike’s C af é , and receive a free soft drink. We serve the best hamburgers and snacks in the Mall. Come in and try our delicious meals and our excellent service. You won’t be disappointed! ) ( Half-price movie tickets Buy any full-price movie ticket on Tuesdays or Wednesdays, and you can buy a second ticket for a friend for only half price. The latest movies are all here. ) ( Half-price movie tickets Buy any full-price movie ticket on Tuesdays or Wednesdays, and you can buy a second ticket for a friend for only half price. The latest movies are all here. ) ( 1 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 56. If you spend 100 dollars or more in the stores, you can ______ . A. get a CD free B. get 6 hours of free parking C. get another tie D. get some stamps free 【答案】B 【解析】在文章中提到：“Spend $100 or more in our stores and get 6 hours of free parking.”，意思是在商店里消费100美元或以上，可以获得6小时的免费停车。因此，答案为B。 57. Buy one tie at Daniel’s Menswear, you may get another ______ free. A. cheaper tie B. shirt C. tie of the same price D. more expensive tie 【答案】C 【解析】在Daniel's Menswear的优惠券中明确提到：“Buy one tie at our store and get another tie of the same value free!”，即在该店购买一条领带，就可以免费获得一条同价值的领带。因此，选项C“tie of the same price”是正确的。 58. You can get a 10% discount on any books if you ______ at the Book Store. A. buy any meal B. buy some gifts C. buy some tickets D. show this coupon 【答案】D 【解析】在书店的优惠券中，明确提到：“Show this coupon and get a 10% discount on any book you buy.”，即出示这张优惠券，在书店购买的任何书籍都可以享受10%的折扣。因此，答案为D，即展示这张优惠券。 59.If you want to have free soft drink, you can go to ______. A. Mike’s Cafe B. Book Store C. the service desk D. Daniel’s Menswear 【答案】A 【解析】在Mike's Cafe的优惠券中提到：“Come to Mike's Cafe and enjoy a free soft drink with any meal purchased.”，即购买任何餐点就可以获得免费软饮料。因此，如果想喝免费软饮料，可以去Mike's Cafe。 60.If John pays 12 dollars for a full-price movie ticket on Tuesdays, he can buy a second ticket for ______ . A. 0 dollar B. 6 dollars C. 12 dollars D. 18 dollars 【答案】B 【解析】在Cinema的优惠券中提到：“Buy one full-price movie ticket on Tuesdays and get a second ticket for just $6!”，即在周二购买一张全价电影票后，可以以6美元的价格再购买第二张电影票。因此，如果John在周二支付了12美元购买了一张全价电影票，他可以以6美元的价格再购买第二张电影票。答案为B。 ( C ) The American idea of customer service is to make each customer the center of attention. People going shopping in America can expect to be treated with respect from the very beginning. When customers get to the store, they are treated as honored guests. Customers don’t usually find store clerks sitting around watching TV or playing cards. Instead, the clerks greet them warmly and offer to help them find what they want. In most stores, the signs that label each department make shopping a breeze (容易的事情). Customers usually don’t have to ask how much items cost, since prices are clearly marked. When customers are ready to check out, they find the nearest and shortest checkout lane. But as Murphy’s Law would have it, whichever lane they get in, all the other lanes will move faster. Good stores open new checkout lanes when the lanes get too long. Some even offer express lanes for customers with 10 items or less. After they pay for their purchases, customers receive a smile and a warm “thank you” from the clerk. Many stores even allow customers to take their shopping carts out to the parking lot. That way, they don’t have to carry heavy bags out to the car. In America, customer service continues long after the sale. Many products come with a money-back guarantee. If there is a problem with the product, customers can take it back. The customer service representative will often allow them to exchange the item or return it for a full refund. 61.From the passage we know in America the principle of customer service is_____. A. to be fast and convenient B. to be the first in the world C. to make each customer the center of attention D. to make each customer feel at home 【答案】C 【解析】文章第一句话明确提到：“The American idea of customer service is to make each customer the center of attention.”，即美国客户服务的原则是让每个顾客成为关注的中心。因此，答案为C。 62.When customers enter the store in U. S. A. , they will ______. A. see store clerks sitting around watching TV B. receive warm greeting from clerks C. show their respects to clerks D. be given a pamphlet introducing the goods 【答案】B 【解析】在文章中提到：“the clerks greet them warmly and offer to help them find what they want.”，即店员会热情地迎接顾客并提供帮助。因此，当顾客进入美国商店时，他们会受到店员的热情问候。答案为B。 63.Why do people in the U. S. A. feel shopping is a breeze? A. The price is very cheap. B. The products are good. C. The signs of departments are clear. D. The departments are large. 【答案】C 【解析】文章第二段提到：“In most stores，the signs that label each department make shopping a breeze.”，意思是大多数商店的部门标志使得购物变得轻松。因此，人们在美国购物感到轻松是因为部门标志清晰。选项C是正确答案。 64.According to Murphy’s Law, people feel ______ . A. the lane they get in is faster than other lanes B. the lane they get in is slower than other lanes C. it’s better to stand in a newly-opened lane D. it’s better to find the nearest and shortest checkout lane 【答案】B 【解析】在文章第二段中提到：“But as Murphy’s Law would have it，whichever lane they get in，all the other lanes will move faster.”，意思是根据墨菲定律，无论他们进入哪条通道，其他通道都会移动得更快。因此，人们会感觉他们进入的通道比其他通道慢，答案为B。 65.If there is a problem with the product, the customer may ______ . A. send the product to others B. have it repaired by others C. ask the customer representative to say sorry to him D. ask for a refund from the store 【答案】D 【解析】在文章第三段中提到：“If there is a problem with the product，customers can take it back. The customer service representative will often allow them to exchange the item or return it for a full refund.”，意思是如果产品有问题，顾客可以退回，客户服务代表通常会允许他们换货或全额退款。因此，如果产品有问题，顾客可以向商店要求退款，答案为D。 【译文】 美国人的顾客服务理念是使每一位顾客成为关注的中心。在美国购物的人从一开始就会受到尊重。当顾客来到商店时，他们被当作贵宾对待。顾客通常不会看到店员坐在那里看电视或打牌。相反，店员热情地迎接他们，并主动帮助他们找到他们想要的东西。在大多数商店里，每个部门的标志使购物变得轻而易举(容易的事情)。顾客通常不必问商品的价格，因为价格已经清楚地标示出来了。 当顾客准备结账时，他们会找到最近和最短的结账通道。但正如墨菲定律所说，无论他们进入哪条车道，其他车道都会移动得更快。好的商店在结账通道太长时开辟新的结账通道。有些公司甚至为购买10件或更少商品的顾客提供快速通道。顾客付款后，店员会对他们微笑并热情地说“谢谢”。许多商店甚至允许顾客把购物车推到停车场去。这样，他们就不用把沉重的行李搬到车上了。 在美国，客户服务在销售后还会持续很长时间。许多产品都有退款保证。如果产品有问题，顾客可以退货。客户服务代表通常会允许他们更换物品或全额退款。 ( 1 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$