用英语讲好中国故事三2024-2025学年人教版九年级英语全册

2024年秋期人教版九英阅读写作素材 用英语讲好中国故事三 用英语讲中国故事一:Confucius 孔子 Confucius (circa 551 BCE - 479 BCE) was from Zouyi, in the state of Lu during the Spring and Autumn period (present-day Qufu, Shandong Province). His ancestors were nobility from the state of Song, and his distant ancestor was King Tang of the Shang dynasty. 孔子（约公元前551年 - 公元前479年），春秋时期鲁国陬邑（今山东省曲阜市）人，祖先为宋国贵族，远祖为商汤。 Shu Liang He, Confucius' father, lived in the town of Zou in the state of Lu and served as a local official. 孔子的父亲叔梁纥居住在鲁国昌平乡陬邑，担任陬邑大夫一职。 He and his first wife, Shi, had nine daughters, and due to his desire for a son, he married a concubine. 叔梁纥与原配施氏接连生下九个女儿，因他渴望有儿子，于是续娶一房小妾。 They had a son named Meng Pi, but Meng Pi had a foot disability. 生下一子名为孟皮，然而孟皮脚部有残疾。 At the age of seventy-two, Shu Liang He married a third wife, Yan Zhengzai, who was only eighteen years old. 叔梁纥七十二岁时第三次娶妻，迎娶了年仅十八岁的颜征在。 Around the twenty-second year of Duke Xiang of Lu (551 BC), Yan Zhengzai gave birth to Confucius.大约在鲁襄公二十二年（公元前551年），颜征在生下孔子。 Yan Zhengzai had privately gone to Mount Niqiu to pray for a child, so Confucius was named Qiu and styled Zhongni. 颜征在曾私下前往尼丘山祭祀尼丘山神以求子，所以孔子取名为丘，字仲尼。 At the age of three, his father passed away, and his mother was expelled, leaving them in poverty.3岁时父亲病逝，母亲被逐，生活贫苦。 At fifteen, Confucius was determined to study, and at nineteen, after completing his mourning period, he married a woman from the Song State. 15岁立志做学问，19岁服丧期满赴宋娶妻。 In his twenties, he aspired to pursue a political career. Subsequently, Confucius held various positions in Lu State, including steward and overseer of agriculture. 20多岁时想走仕途。此后，孔子在鲁国历任委吏、乘田等职。 By the age of thirty, Confucius had gained some fame and began engaging with rulers from various states and establishing private schools. 孔子30岁时已有些名气，后与各国君主交流，开办私学。 Around the age of fifty, Confucius served in Lu State, achieving notable results. However, due to political conflicts, he was forced to leave and began traveling through various states. 50岁左右在鲁国任职，政绩出色，但因政治斗争被迫离开鲁国，开始周游列国。 During his travels, Confucius visited states such as Wei, Song, Chen, Cai, Qi, and Chu, facing many hardships along the way. Although some rulers valued him, he was often unable to realize his political ambitions due to various reasons. 在周游列国期间，孔子到过卫、宋、陈、蔡、齐、楚等国，历经诸多磨难。虽有国君赏识，但多因各种原因未能施展政治抱负。 At the age of sixty-eight, Confucius returned to Lu State with the help of his disciple Ran Qiu but was still unable to achieve political success. He continued to focus on education and the compilation of classic texts.孔子68岁时在弟子冉求努力下归鲁，仍想从政但未被重用。此后继续从事教育及文献整理工作。 Confucius passed away at the age of seventy-three. Many of his disciples guarded his tomb, and his former residence was converted into a temple for worship. 孔子73岁时患病去世，不少弟子为其守墓，其故居改为庙堂受奉祀。 Confucius’ sayings are primarily recorded in the “Analects,” a classic Confucian text compiled by his disciples and their successors.孔子的言论主要被记录在《论语》这部儒家经典著作中，它由孔子的弟子及其再传弟子编撰而成。 The Analects is written in a dialogic style and records the words and deeds of Confucius and his disciples, highlighting his political views, ethical thoughts, moral principles, and educational philosophies.《论语》以语录体和对话文体为主，记载了孔子及其弟子的言行，集中展现了孔子的政治主张、伦理思想、道德观念以及教育原则等。 Confucius established a moral philosophy centered on “ren” (benevolence), characterized by kindness, compassion, and sincerity.孔子创建了以仁为核心的道德学说，他本人善良、富有同情心、乐于助人，待人真诚且宽厚。 Principles such as “Do not do unto others what you do not want done to yourself,” “A gentleman helps others achieve their good, not their evil,” and “Be true to yourself and lenient toward others” are among his guidelines for conduct. 像“己所不欲，勿施于人”“君子成人之美，不成人之恶”“躬自厚而薄责于人”等，均为他的做人准则。 Confucius summarized his life’s stages as: “At fifteen, I set my mind on learning; at thirty, I took my stand; at forty, I was no longer confused; at fifty, I knew the will of Heaven; at sixty, I was at ease with what I heard; at seventy, I could follow my heart’s desires without overstepping the line.” 而“吾十有五而志于学，三十而立，四十而不惑，五十而知天命，六十而耳顺，七十而从心所欲，不逾矩”，则是孔子对自身一生各阶段的总结。 In terms of governance, Confucius advocated for “rule by virtue,” believing that governing a country with morality and propriety was the highest form of governance, known as “moral governance” or “ritual governance.” 在治国方略方面，孔子倡导“为政以德”，认为用道德和礼教治理国家是最为高尚的方式，这种治国方略被称为“德治”或“礼治”。 This approach emphasized applying virtue and ritual to the people, adhering strictly to social hierarchies, and defining roles clearly between rulers and subjects.此方略将德、礼施于民众，严格遵循等级制度，明确划分贵族和庶民为治者与被治者。 Confucius’ ultimate political ideal was to create a “Great Unity” society, where “the world is shared by all,” enabling the selection of virtuous and capable individuals, promoting trust and harmony, and ensuring that all people, including the elderly, the strong, the young, and the weak, receive care and support. 孔子的最高政治理想是构建“天下为公”的大同社会。“大同”社会的基本特征为：大道通行，“天下为公”，故而能够“选贤与能，讲信修睦”，“人不独亲其亲，不独子其子，使老有所终，壮有所用，幼有所长，矜寡孤独废疾者皆有所养”。 用英语讲中国故事二：不以言举人，不以人废言 One should not appoint someone just because they speak well, nor should one dismiss someone's words entirely because of a personal dislike.不因為一個人的言論說得好而舉用他，不因為瞧不起這個人，就認為他的話一無可取。 During the Warring States period, Zhao Kuo the son of the great general Zhao She from Zhao State, was well-versed in military tactics and spoke grandly about military matters.战国时期，赵国大将赵奢的儿子赵括，自幼学习兵法，熟读兵书，与别人谈起兵事时，总是夸夸其谈，似乎比谁都高明。 However, his parents had a clear understanding of him and believed that Zhao Kuo was merely a bookish theorist and would eventually bring disaster to Zhao State.但他的父母对他有清醒的认识，认为赵括学习不务实，只会纸上谈兵，早晚会误事，甚至认为将来祸害赵国的，可能就是赵括这样的人。 When the Qin State repeatedly attempted to destroy Zhao State, Zhao State sent the old general Lian Po to defend against them. 秦国多次试图灭掉赵国，赵国派出老将廉颇率兵拒守。" When the Qin army could not make any progress, they sent spies to Zhao State spreading rumors that 'Lian Po is old and incompetent, Zhao Kuo is the greatest fear of the Qin army; if Zhao Kuo  leads the troops, the Qin army will surely be defeated.'秦军久攻不下，便派出间谍到赵国散布谣言，说‘廉颇老朽无能，秦军最怕赵括，如果赵括领兵，秦军必败无疑’。 Believing these rumors, the King of Zhao appointed Zhao Kuo  as the general, despite his mother's strong objections.赵王听信了传言，要任用赵括为将。赵括的母亲坚决不同意，一再说明他会误事，但赵王就是不听。 Zhao Kuo's mother said, 'If he makes a serious mistake or even commits a crime in the future, it will not be related to the Zhao family.' 赵括的母亲只得说：‘以后他出现大错，甚至犯了罪，与赵家无关。’"After Zhao Kuo took command, he relaxed military discipline, arbitrarily changed personnel, and followed textbook strategies, thinking highly of himself.赵括执掌军权后，对军队放松约束，胡乱换人，打起仗来更是依照书本，自以为是。" The Qin general Bai Qi used surprise troops to defeat Zhao Kuo severely at Changping, killing 450,000 Zhao soldiers, and Zhao Qiao was also shot dead. 秦将白起纵奇兵，将其在长平大败，坑杀了赵国兵卒四十五万，赵括也被射死。 After Zhao State's defeat, the King of Zhao did not punish Zhao Kuo’s mother as promised, but deeply regretted his own hasty decision to 'appoint based on words' that led to the disaster.赵国大败后，赵王如约未罚赵母，但对自己轻率地‘以言举人’以致酿成大错却后悔不已。" Zhao Xiaocheng Wang’s appointment of Zhao Qiao, who only knew 'bookish military strategy,' instead of the experienced general Lian Po nearly led to the downfall of Zhao State." 赵孝成王‘以言取人’，用了只会‘纸上谈兵’的赵括顶替实战经验丰富的老将廉颇，导致赵国差点因此亡国。 Similarly, Zhuge Liang, who was 'cautious throughout his life,' also fell into the trap of 'appointing based on words' by choosing the articulate Ma Su as a general, which resulted in the loss of the strategic point of Jieting, leading to the execution of Ma Su and deep regret.而‘一生唯谨慎’的诸葛亮，同样犯了‘以言取人’的毛病，用了非常会说话的马谡当大将，结果失去了重要战略点街亭，最后只好以军法‘挥泪斩马谡’，追悔莫及。 These examples all illustrate that one should not appoint someone solely based on their words, nor should one completely disregard someone's words simply because of personal bias. 这些典故都说明了不能仅仅根据一个人的言辞就举荐他，也不能因为一个人有缺点或犯过错误就不重视他说的有价值的话。" One must thoroughly evaluate a person, considering both their words and actions, and judge the validity of their statements without being swayed by personal likes or dislikes. 要全面地考察一个人，听其言观其行，判断其言论的合理性，而不被个人的喜好或偏见所左右。 'A gentleman does not appoint someone solely based on their eloquent words, nor does he dismiss someone's words entirely because he despises the person'—this phrase is from the Analects of Confucius.‘君子不以言举人，不以人废言’ 出自《论语》。 用英语讲中国故事三A gentleman seeks harmony but not uniformity.君子和而不同 A gentleman can live in harmony with others but does not blindly follow them, always adhering to his own independent views and principles.“君子能够与人和谐共处，然而不会盲目跟从他人，始终坚守自己的独立见解与原则。” A petty person, however, often out of self-interest or some ulterior motive, outwardly agrees with others, appearing to support and flatter them.而小人常常出于自身利益或某种目的，在表面上与他人保持一致，做出赞同与迎合的姿态， But in reality, there is no sincerity in their hearts; they may even harbor thoughts of intrigue and mutual scheming."但实际上内心毫无真诚可言，或许还存在着勾心斗角、互相算计的心思。 During the Warring States period, Su Qin and Zhang Yi were both students of Guiguzi, but they had different political views. 战国时期，苏秦和张仪同为鬼谷子的学生，但二人政治观点不同。 Su Qin advocated for the strategy of 'He Zong' (Uniting the Vertical) to unite the six states against the powerful Qin.苏秦主张合纵，联合六国对抗强大的秦国； "Zhang Yi, on the other hand, promoted 'Lian Heng' (Uniting the Horizontal), persuading the states to ally with Qin." 张仪则主张连横，劝说各国依附秦国。 Although they held different stances and even became strategists for opposing factions, they maintained mutual respect in their personal interactions, embodying the spirit of 'A gentleman seeks harmony but not uniformity.' 虽然两人立场不同，甚至成为敌对阵营的策士，但在私人交往中，他们依然保持了彼此的尊重，体现了‘君子和而不同’的精神。 Zhao Gao was an eunuch during the Qin Dynasty who, after Emperor Qin Ershi (Hu Hai) ascended to the throne, wielded immense power. 赵高是秦朝时期的一位宦官，他在秦二世胡亥即位后，权倾朝野。 In order to consolidate his power, Zhao Gao outwardly flattered Hu Hai’s desires while secretly manipulating the court, eliminating loyal ministers. 为了巩固自己的权力，赵高一方面表面上迎合胡亥的意愿，另一方面暗中操纵朝政，排除异己，陷害忠臣。 The most famous story is 'Calling a Deer a Horse,' where Zhao Gao pointed to a deer and called it a horse in front of the court. 最著名的故事是‘指鹿为马’，他在朝堂上指着鹿说是马。 The officials, out of fear of Zhao Gao’s power, did not dare to contradict him. 大臣们因为畏惧赵高的权势，不敢反对。 This is a typical example of 'A petty person seeks uniformity but not harmony.' 这是‘小人同而不和’的典型例子。” 'A gentleman seeks harmony but not uniformity; a petty person seeks uniformity but not harmony'—this phrase is from the Analects of Confucius. ‘君子和而不同，小人同而不和’ 这句话出自《论语》。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$