选择性必修2 UNIT 4 课堂学案(课件PPT)-【新高考方案】2025年高考英语一轮总复习（译林版2020）

课堂学案 选择性必修2 UNIT 4 语言技能·深化学习 ①He has promised to repay the loan at any time ____ demand. ②As far as I know, science graduates are ____ greater demand than arts ones in China. 词汇1　demand vt.需要；强烈要求 n．要求，所需之物；需求，需要 题点盘查 (单句语法填空/同义替换) on in ③My father came downstairs and demanded _______ (know) what was going on. ④The engine will demand _________________________(check)． ⑤If you are in a position to meet our needs, we think your products will enjoy popular sales in our market.__________ to know checking/to be checked demands (1)demand sth.of sb.　　　 向某人要求某物 demand to do sth. 要求做某事 demand of sb.to do sth. 要求某人做某事 demand that sb.(should) do sth. 要求某人做某事 系统归纳 (2)on demand 一经要求 in demand 有需求；受欢迎 meet one's demands 满足某人的需求 (3)demanding adj. 苛求的；要求高的；费力的 名师指津： (1)demand 后接doing，为主动形式表示被动意义，相当于demand to be done。用法类似的词还有：need, want, require等。 (2)demand作名词时后跟的名词性从句及作动词时后跟的宾语从句中的谓语动词都要用虚拟语气“(should＋)动词原形”。 ⑥(续写之情绪描写)He was fuming with rage and ___________________________ what on earth happened. 他气得大发雷霆，要求我们告诉他究竟发生了什么事。 应用表达 (完成句子) demanded of us to tell him ⑦(应用文之通知)We demand that __________________________ _________ on a daily basis, more exactly, from 3 pm to 5 pm every day. 我们要求所有成员每天都要接受培训，更确切地说，每天下午3点到5点。 all members should take training ①If we expect people to give up the bad habit of driving, we must give them ____ alternative they can rely on. ②Would you like to have a meeting about the matter this afternoon? ____________ (alternative), we could discuss it at dinner. 词汇2　alternative n．可供选择的事物 adj.可供替代的；非传统的 题点盘查 (单句语法填空/同义句转换) an Alternatively ③If you don't like the school lunch, you have the alternative ____ bringing your own. ④In view of the bad weather they can do nothing but put the meeting off. →In view of the bad weather they _______________________ __________ the meeting off. of had no alternative/choice but to put (1)an alternative to ... ……的替代物(to是介词) have no alternative/choice but to do sth. 别无选择只好做某事 have the alternative/choice of doing sth. 有做某事的选择 (2)alternatively adv. (引出第二种选择或可能的建议)要不，或者 系统归纳 名师指津：“别无选择只好做……”的表达有：have no alternative/choice but to do sth.；can't do sth.but do sth.; can do nothing but do sth.。在这些结构中，若but之前出现实义动词do的某种形式 (does, did, done)，but之后要用省略to的动词不定式。 ⑤(主旨升华句)Failure is the mother of success.Sometimes, in order to succeed, we _________________________________ failure bravely and learn from it. 失败乃成功之母。有时候，为了成功，我们除了勇敢地直面失败并从中吸取教训外别无选择。 应用表达 (完成句子) have no alternative/choice but to face ⑥(话题写作之网络)In addition, the Internet also provides us with _____________________________________________ with others. 此外，互联网也为我们提供了一种既低廉又方便的与他人交流的选择。 a cheap and convenient alternative to communicating ①The number of new students decreased _____ 1,200 to 900 this year. ②This species of bird is decreasing ____ number every year. ③The number of employees has decreased ____ twenty after the manager laid off some of them. 词汇3　decrease vt.& vi.减少，降低 n．减少，降低 题点盘查 (单句语法填空/完成句子) from in to ④The output of August in this company decreased ____ 20% compared with that of July. ⑤The new survey shows that the natural disasters are ______________. 最新调查显示自然灾害在不断增多。 by on the increase 系统归纳 名师指津： (1)decrease by表示“减少了”，强调减少的量；decrease to表示“减少到”，强调减少后的量。 (2)on the decrease意为“在减少”；on the increase意为“在增加”。 ⑥(话题写作之健康)She takes exercise every day, and she has _________________________________________________ 60 kilograms. 她每天都锻炼身体，现在她的体重已由八十公斤降到了六十公斤。 应用表达 (完成句子) decreased her weight from 80 kilograms to ⑦(话题写作之环境保护)Over the past decades, sea ice ______________________________ in the Arctic as a result of global warming. 在过去的几十年里，由于全球变暖，北极的海冰一直在减少。 has been on the decrease ①He denied _________ (attempt) to distract attention from the truth. ②There is no __________ (deny) that customs differ in different countries. ③It can't ____________ (deny) that exercising regularly and keeping a balanced diet benefit our health greatly. 词汇4　deny vt.否认，否定；拒绝承认，拒绝接受 题点盘查 (单句语法填空) attempting denying be denied deny doing sth.　　　　　 否认/拒绝承认做某事 deny that ... 否认…… No one can deny (the fact) that ... 没有人可以否认……(的事实) There is no denying that ... ＝It can't be denied that ... 　　 不可否认…… 系统归纳 ④(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷写作)不可否认，是老师的鼓励和帮助让我获得了成功。 →_______________________ it was my teacher's encouragement and help that resulted in my success. 应用表达 (一句多译) There is no denying that →____________________ it was my teacher's encouragement and help that resulted in my success. →____________________ it was my teacher's encouragement and help that resulted in my success. No one can deny that It can't be denied that ①After all, the scientist is ________ (engage) in serious research to uncover the very nature of the physical world. 词汇5　engage vt.& vi.吸引住(注意力、兴趣)；雇用，聘用；与……建立密切关系 题点盘查 (单句语法填空) engaged ②We are now engaging ourselves _____ a great and most glorious cause, never undertaken by our forefathers. ③Her father engaged a tutor __________ (improve) her maths. in to improve (1)engage sb./oneself in ... 使某人/自己参与…… engage sb. as ... 雇用某人作为…… engage sb. to do sth. 聘请某人做某事 (2)engaged adj. 忙于，从事于；被占用的，使用中的 be engaged in ... 忙于……；从事于 系统归纳 ④(应用文之通知)The program aims to encourage students to bury themselves to making a difference to society. _______ ⑤(应用文之演讲稿)The students benefiting most from college are those who are totally engaged in academic life. →The students benefiting most from college are those _______ ___________ academic life.(非谓语动词作定语) 应用表达 (同义替换/同义句转换) engage totally engaged in ①I am planning to make progress in English ____ my own expense. ②He spares no expense ___________ (collect) the paintings by Picasso. 词汇6　expense n．费用；开销；开支 题点盘查 (单句语法填空/完成句子) at to collect ③They went to all the expense _____ redecorating the house and then they moved. ④In study memorization should not be stressed _______________ comprehension. 学习中不能只偏重记忆而忽视理解。 of at the expense of at the expense of　　 在牺牲(或损害)……的情况下 spare no expense 不惜一切代价 cover/cut down one's expense 应付/节省开支 at sb.'s expense 由某人付费/负担费用 go to the expense of sth./of doing sth. 把钱用在……上；花钱于 系统归纳 ⑤(应用文之倡议书)We should _________________ to protect the environment. 我们应该不遗余力地保护环境。 应用表达 (完成句子/补全语段) spare no expense ⑥(话题写作之环境保护)Some students think that we should not get the rapid economic development _____________________________ . ______________________ we face now can _________________ how to balance the relationship between economic development and environmental protection.(要求：用本单元所学词汇补全语段) 一些学生认为我们不应该以牺牲环境为代价来获得经济的快速发展。现在我们所面临的许多问题归根结底都是如何平衡经济发展与环境保护之间的关系。 at the expense of the environment A host of problems boil down to ①When I returned, the water had all boiled _______ and the flame burnt a hole in the kettle. ②The original speech I had written got boiled ________ to about ten minutes. 词汇7　boil down to归结为，基本问题是 题点盘查 (介、副词填空) away down ③Their small argument boiled _____ into a serious quarrel. ④Look, it boils down ____ this: do you really want to move all the way across the country for a job, or not? over to boil away　　　 烧干，煮干 boil sth. down 压缩；概括；归纳 boil over 溢出；怒火中烧；恶化；爆发 boil up (局势、情绪等)进入危急关头，令人担忧 boil ... up 煮沸；把(液体或食物)烧开 boil with anger 怒不可遏 系统归纳 ⑤(应用文之建议信)Learning English can ____________________ _______________: persistence, proper ways and good teachers. 学习英语能总结为三个简单的因素：坚持、恰当的方法和好的老师。 应用表达 (完成句子) boil down to three simple factors ⑥(续写之情绪描写)Elizabeth seems to _________ for the slightest reason these days. 伊丽莎白这几天似乎怒气冲冲，一触即发。 ⑦(续写之情绪描写)I used to be all sweetness and light on the outside, but inside I would ___________________________. 我过去常常是外表看上去轻松愉快，而内心却怒火中烧。 boil over be boiling with rage (1)当when, while, before, after, unless, once, as if, if等引导的状语从句中的主语与主句主语一致或从句的主语为it，且从句谓语中含有be动词时，可以省略从句中的主语和be动词。省略后从句的形式：连词＋形容词/副词/现在分词/过去分词。 (2)状语从句的省略句中的过去分词通常应视为被动语态的省略，而不能视为完成时态的省略。 句式1　状语从句的省略 要点解读 ①Unless he is invited, he will not come back to the company. →________________, he will not come back to the company. ②If you are accepted for this post, you will be informed within a week. →__________________________, you will be informed within a week. ③When you are crossing the street, you should be careful. →_________________________, you should be careful. 习练规则 (变换句式) Unless invited If accepted for this post When crossing the street ④(续写之环境描写)爬山时，我们感受到了温暖的阳光，欣赏到了美丽的风景。 _______________________________, we enjoyed the warm sunshine and the beautiful view. 应用写美 While climbing the mountain ⑤(应用文之申请信)如果被接受，我可以向游客介绍中国画的技巧，这可以帮助他们更多地了解中国文化。 _____________, I can introduce Chinese painting skills to visitors, which can help them know more about Chinese culture. If accepted 不定式作表语时，在下列几种情况下，不定式符号 to可以省略。 (1)当句子主语是被动词 do作谓语的定语从句修饰的all, all that, anything, the only thing (way), 或thing 前面有序数词(first, second) 或last 等修饰，或者由“形容词＋最高级”修饰时，to都可以省略。 All you have to do is put it in the toaster and wait till it pops up. 句式2　作表语的不定式省略to 要点解读 (2)当主语是带有动词 do的由 what引导的主语从句时，其表语的不定式符号 to可以省略。 What the plan does is ensure a fair pension for all. ①All I did was ___________________, and it broke all of a sudden. 我只不过碰了一下花瓶，它突然就破了。 ②The only thing to do now is ______________. 前进是现在唯一的出路。 ③What I'll do is _________________________. 我要做的就是告诉她真相。 习练规则 (完成句子) (to) touch the vase (to) go on (to) tell her the truth ④(话题写作之旅游)我们所能做的就是尽我们所能珍惜这一趟不凡的旅程。 All we can do is ___________________________________________. ⑤(话题写作之旅游)你在信中说，你最想做的事情就是去游览长城。 You told me in your letter ___________________________________ ______________.  应用写美 (to) do our best to cherish this remarkable ride what you wanted to do best was (to) visit the Great Wall 综合素养·发掘训练 素养目标——精读真题语篇，阅读多维提能 |对接主题——科技发展| (2022·全国乙卷·阅读理解C篇)Can a small group of drones (无人机) guarantee the safety and reliability of railways and, at the same time, help railway operators save billions of euros each year? That is the very likely future of applying today's “eyes in the sky” technology to making sure that the millions of kilometres of rail tracks and infrastructure (基础设施) worldwide are safe for trains on a 24/7 basis. Drones are already being used to examine high－tension electrical lines. They could do precisely the same thing to inspect railway lines and other vital aspects of rail infrastructure such as the correct position of railway tracks and switching points. The more regularly they can be inspected, the more railway safety, reliability and on－time performance will be improved. Costs would be cut and operations would be more efficient (高效) across the board. That includes huge savings in maintenance costs and better protection of railway personnel safety. It is calculated that European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros a year on maintenance, including sending maintenance staff, often at night, to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure. That can be dangerous work that could be avoided with drones assisting the crews' efforts. By using the latest technologies, drones could also start providing higher－value services for railways, detecting faults in the rail or switches, before they can cause any safety problems. To perform these tasks, drones for rail don't need to be flying overhead. Engineers are now working on a new concept: the rail drones of the future. They will be moving on the track ahead of the train, and programmed to run autonomously. Very small drones with advanced sensors and AI and travelling ahead of the train could guide it like a co－pilot. With their ability to see ahead, they could signal any problem, so that fast－moving trains would be able to react in time. 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。无人机将会在保证铁路的安全性和可靠性的同时，还能帮助铁路运营商每年节省大量费用。 真题再做 1．What makes the application of drones to rail lines possible? A．The use of drones in checking on power lines. B．Drones' ability to work at high altitudes. C．The reduction of cost in designing drones. D．Drones' reliable performance in remote areas. √ 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Drones are already being used to examine high－tension electrical lines. They could do precisely the same thing to inspect railway lines and other vital aspects of rail infrastructure”可知，无人机已经被用于检查高压电线。它们同样可以被用来检查铁路线路和铁路基础设施的其他重要方面。由此可知，无人机已经被用于检查高压电线，这使得无人机在铁路线上的应用成为可能。 2．What does “maintenance” underlined in paragraph 3 refer to? A．Personnel safety. B．Assistance from drones. C．Inspection and repair. D．Construction of infrastructure. √ 解析：词义猜测题。根据第三段中的“It is calculated that European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros a year on maintenance, including sending maintenance staff, often at night, to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure.”可知，据计算，仅欧洲铁路每年就花费约200亿欧元用于维护，包括派遣维护人员、经常在夜间检查和维修铁路基础设施。由此可知，画线词指的是“检查和维修”。 3．What function is expected of the rail drones? A．To provide early warning. B．To make trains run automatically. C．To earn profits for the crews. D．To accelerate transportation. √ 解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Engineers are now working on a new concept: the rail drones ... react in time.”可知，工程师们现在正在研究一个新概念：未来的铁路无人机。它们将在列车前方的轨道上运行，并被设定为自动运行。配备了先进传感器和人工智能的小型无人机可以像副驾驶员一样引导火车前进。它们有预见未来的能力，可以发出任何问题的信号，这样快速行驶的列车就能及时做出反应。由此可知，人们期待未来的铁路无人机具备提供早期预警的功能。 4．Which is the most suitable title for the text? A．What Faults Can Be Detected with Drones B．How Production of Drones Can Be Expanded C．What Difficulty Drone Development Will Face D．How Drones Will Change the Future of Railways √ 解析：标题归纳题。根据第一段第一句和下文对无人机在铁路领域的应用的介绍以及对未来无人机的发展展望可知，在未来，无人机将会保证铁路的安全性和可靠性，或许会成为铁路安全的新未来。故D项“无人机将如何改变铁路的未来”最适合作本文的标题。 一、题型思维建模 词义猜测题解题攻略(以第2题为例) 1．警惕易错易误——似是而非 本题易误选A。部分考生根据画线词所在句and后的“better protection of railway personnel safety”就误认为画线词maintenance与and后内容为近义表达，指的是人员的安全，从而误选A项。 多维提能 2．内化题型技法——依据语义关联猜测词义 解答词义猜测题时，要从上下文的语义关联角度考虑。画线单词或短语的前后有时会出现其上下义的相关表达，这为判断该词或短语的意义提供了主要依据。 以本题为例，根据第三段第二句中的“including sending maintenance staff, often at night, to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure”可知，inspect and repair就是maintenance的下义词。由此可知，画线词指的是“检查和维修”。 二、词汇拓展训练 1．因境辨义(写出下列黑体词在文中的词性及含义) ①(一词多义)Can a small group of drones (无人机) guarantee the safety and reliability of railways and, at the same time, help railway operators save billions of euros each year？_______________________ n.(设备、机器的)操作员 ②(一词多义)Costs would be cut and operations would be more efficient (高效) across the board._______ ；_________ ③(熟词生义)They will be moving on the track ahead of the train, and programmed to run autonomously._______ ；_________ n.运营 v.设置 v.消减 n.轨道 2．词块积累(写出下列词块在文中的汉语意思) ①apply ...to ...　　　　 ____________________ ②make sure ____________________ ③on a 24/7 basis ____________________ ④provide sth. for sb. ____________________ ⑤work on ____________________ ⑥ahead of ____________________ 把……应用于…… 确保 全天候 为某人提供某物 从事 在……之前 三、长难句式破译 1．That is the very likely future of applying today's “eyes in the sky” technology to making sure that the millions of kilometres of rail tracks and infrastructure worldwide are safe for trains on a 24/7 basis. 抓标志：连接词_____________ 判类型：复合句(含有一个宾语从句) 试翻译：那很有可能是未来(的情景)——应用今天的“空中之眼”技术来确保_________________________________________________。 (第二个)that 全球数百万公里的铁路轨道和基础设施全天候安全运行 2．With their ability to see ahead, they could signal any problem, so that fast－moving trains would be able to react in time. 抓标志：从属连词_________ 判类型：主句＋结果状语从句 试翻译：它们有预见未来的能力，可以发出任何问题的信号，_________________________________________。 so that 这样快速行驶的列车就能及时作出反应 本课结束 更多精彩内容请登录：www.zghkt.cn (1)decrease (2)a decrease in ...　　　　　 ……的减少 on the decrease 在减少 on the increase 在增加 $$