内容正文:
第15讲 语法填空之无提示词
目录
01 考情透视·目标导航 1
02 知识导图·思维引航 2
03 考点突破·考法探究 2
考点一 题型破解 2
知识点1 题型特点 3
知识点2 高分技巧 3
考点二 介词 3
考点三 代词 5
考点四 冠词 6
考点五 连词 7
04真题练习·命题洞现
1.真题实战 10
2.命题演练 12
近三高考真题语法填空考点细目表
年份
卷别
词数
有提示词
无提示词
谓语
非谓语
名词
形容词副词
代词
介词
冠词
数词
并列句
连词
2024
新课标I卷
243
1
2
3
1
1
1
1
新课标Ⅱ卷
220
2
3
2
1
1
1
全国甲卷
223
2
1
2
1
1
1
2
2023
新课标I卷
203
4
2
1
1
1
1
新课标Ⅱ卷
211
1
1
2
2
1
1
1
1
全国甲卷
220
1
3
1
1
2
1
1
全国乙卷
201
2
3
1
1
1
1
1
2022
新课标I卷
229
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
新课标Ⅱ卷
225
2
2
1
2
1
1
1
全国甲卷
219
1
3
1
2
1
1
1
全国乙卷
222
1
3
1
1
1
1
1
1
考点一 题型破解
知识点1 题型特点
分析近几年新高考语法填空题可知,语法填空命题侧重三个方面:中国传统文化、世界科技进步、自然环境。注重通过语篇体现中华文明与世界文明的交流互鉴,引导学生增强国家认同和家国情怀,坚定文化自信,拓展国际视野,在跨文化交流学习中增进国际理解,推动世界文明共同发展。一是考查中国传统文化,二是考查生活故事,三是考查科学技术进步。
从2024年新高考卷语法填空看,长难句进一步增加,强化考生英语的实际运用能力、理解能力和逻辑推理能力的综合考查。语法填空题命题突出语境,命题包含“词、句、篇”三个层面,彰显“无语境不命题”。
整体分布:考查以实词为主,虚词为辅;有词填空占6-7空,无词填空占3-4空;谓语和非谓语动词是每年必考点,并列句和复合句也是高考热点;介词考查相对比较频繁。
无提示词:介词、冠词、连接词、代词等;且每空只能填一个单词。
知识点2 高分技巧
一 通读全文把握大意.
通读全文有利于读懂全文大意,也有利于填空时必要的逻辑推理,解决相关的难题如动词的时态语态题。
二 精读文章,关注设空词的词性及对应的解题规律。
介词
1. 考虑与空格前的词语搭配组成固定短语;
2.考虑介词在复杂语境中的核心意思。(详见本专辑专题第06讲)
代词
无提示词。可能填:①人称代词主格,②不定代词;③it,包括填作形式主语的it,替代后面作真正主语或宾语的不定式、动名词或从句。(具体详见本专辑专题第03讲)
冠词
考虑冠词的基本用法和特殊用法;(具体详见本专辑专题第02讲)
连词
1.考虑并列连词;
2.考虑定语从句、名词性从句、状语从句引导词。(具体详见本专辑专题第07、21、22、23讲)
三 复读选项代入检验
通读全文,将所有答案代入短文中进行检查,注意上下文之间的逻辑关系,避免出现前后矛盾或句子不通顺的问题。
考点二 介词
解题策略:介词是语法填空的必考点和难点,高考通常考查介词与动词、形容词或者名词的搭配。学生应该熟练掌握常见介词的基本用法及介词与其他词类的搭配;如果名词或者代词在句子中不作主语、表语或者动词的宾语时,其前面一般是填介词。在学习的过程中应注意对短语的归纳、积累、比较和记忆。
常见用法
时间
介词
in (表示一天中某段时间,指天、年、月、季节、周次等), on (表示某一天或星期几,指明具体的时间), at (表示特定的时间、节日、年龄), by (…的时候、到、等到…已经等,用在天、时间的前面)
1. in 与after的用法区别:A.介词in+一段时间用于一般将来时。B.介词after+一段时间用于一般过去时。C.介词after+时间点常用于一般将来时。
2. for与since的用法区别:A.介词for表示一段时间。B.介词since表示从过去某一时间以来。
3. during与for的用法区别:A.当所指的时间起止分明时用介词during。B.如果一段时间不明确则用介词for。
4. before与by的用法区别:A.介词before表示“在…之前”。B.介词by表示“到…时为止,不迟于…”。
地点介词
in, at, on, to
1.at 与in 的用法区别:at表示较小的地方,如家、村、乡村等。in表示较大的地方,如大城市、国家、洲等。
2. at与on的用法区别:at用于门牌号。on用于路名。
3.in, on, to的用法区别:in表示“包含”,如:Beijing is in the north of China. on表示“紧邻”,如:Canada lies on the north of the U.S. to表示“没接触”,如:France lies to the south of England.
方式介词
with, in, by
in, with, by的用法区别:in表示“用材料、语言”。如: Can you say it in English? with表示“用工具、某物”如: with a pen。 by表示“用、以、靠、通过…方法”。如:He prefers traveling by car.
方位介词
at, in, on, to, beneath, over, under, above, below, in front of / in the front of / behind, between / among, over/across/through
1.in, on, at 的用法区别:in表示“排、行、组”。on表示“左、右”。at表示“前、后”。
2. on, over, above的用法区别:on表示一物放在另一物上面两者紧贴在一起。over表示一种垂直悬空的上下关系,即“在…上方”。介词above表示一般的“高于….”,“在…之上”。
3. under与below的用法区别:under是over的反义词即“在…下方”。below是above的反义词即“低于…” , “在…之下”。
4. across, through, over, past的用法区别:across着重于“从—头或—边到另—头或另—边”,强调从表面穿过。through着重于“穿越” ,强调从一定的空间内穿过。over多表示从“上方越过”。past表示从“面前经过” 。
其他 1.当表示时间的词前有this, that时,其前面不用介词,如:this morning
2.当表示时间的词前有next时,其前面不用介词,如: next Sunday
3.当表示时间的词前有last时,其前面不用介词,如:last Sunday
4.当表示时间的词前有one, any, each, every, some或all时,其前面不用介词,如:You can come any day.
典例1.(2024新课标I卷)The Glasshouse stands a great achievement in contemporary design, to house the plants of the southwestern part of China at the end of a path retracing (追溯) the steps along the Silk Route…
【解析】考查介词。句意:Mark Woodruff补充说:“这是当代设计的最高成就,在丝绸之路的尽头,中国亚热带西南部的植物群从温带的欧洲穿过山脉、干旱的土地和高山牧场,这些植物从亚洲的原生栖息地带到英国,定义了英国园艺的丰富和荣耀。”根据句意可知,空处指的是“作为”,应用介词as。故填as。
【答案】as。
典例2.(2024全国甲卷)This area, with its unique and breathtaking natural beauty, must be well preserved __________all people of the nation to enjoy - as a national park.
【解析】考查介词。句意同上。介词for表目的,表示“为了所有国家的人都能享受”。故填for。
【答案】for。
典例3.(2022全国甲卷)Now, Cao has started the second part of his dream to walk along the Belt and Road route. He flew 4, 700 kilometers _________ Xi’an to Kashgar on seat 20, planning to hike back to Xi’an in five months.
【解析】考查介词。句意:9月20日,他从4700公里外的西安飞到了喀什,计划在五个月内徒步回到西安。根据句意和Xi’an to Kashgar 可知,此处表示“从西安飞往喀什”,应用介词from,固定搭配from…to…表示“从……到……”。故填from。
【答案】from。
考点三 代词
解题策略: 无提示词缺少主语或宾语,一定填代词,主要考查it作形式主语或形式宾语。
1. it的用法
(1) it可用作人称代词用来指代事物成上文提到过的内容。
(2) it作形式主话或形式宾语代指不定式动词-ing形式、名词性从句。
(3)表示“喜欢、憎恨”等心理方面的动词后常接it作形式宾语、然后再接真正宾语(宾语从句),这类动词有enjoy,prefer, love, like. hate, dislike, appreciate 等.
2.不定代词和替代词的用法
(1) both,either,neither 都强调两者,可作主语、宾语和定语。neither 表示“两者都不”,either 表示"两者中任何一个",both表示“再者都”。
(2) all 和 none 都强调三者或三者以上,all 表示“全部都”,面 none 表示”全都都不”。
(3) another 表示“(三者以上中的)另一个,再一个”。the other 意为“(两者中的)另一个”。other 意为“其余的。
另外的"。others泛指其余的人或物。
(4)that/these 可用来替代前面出现过的名词。that替代单数名词或不可数名间,面those 替代复数名词放集合名词。
(5)one指代前面出现过的那类事物中的“一个”,其复数形式为ones。
典例1.(2024年广东省新高考高中联合质量测评省级联考试题)When the BBC asked her what kind of person______ takes to walk around the world, Maxwell said, “It’s probably a combination of ambition, a little stubbornness and a pinch of passion—not for hiking as a sport, but for self-discovery and adventure.
【解析】考查it用法。句意:当英国广播公司问她什么样的人才能环游世界时,麦克斯韦尔说:“这可能是雄心壮志、一点点固执和一点点激情的结合——不是把徒步旅行作为一项运动,而是为了自我发现和冒险。”此处it作形式主语,动词不定式作真正的主语。故填it。
【答案】it
典例2.(广东省执信中学2024年高三开学试题)So before you return home from work tonight, put the burden of work down. Don’t carry back home.
【解析】考查代词。句意:不要把它带回家。分析句子结构可知,此处缺少宾语,结合句意可知,使用it代指上文中的“the burden of work”符合句意,故填it。
【答案】it
考点四 冠词
解题策略:名词前面如果没有限定词(冠词、形容词性物主代词等),很可能填冠词。(具体考查泛指、特指、固定短语中的冠词)
种类
常见用法
不定冠词 (a / an)
1. 修饰可数名词单数,表示泛指。以元音音素开头的单词前需要用an,而以辅音音素开头的单词前用a。如:an apple, a banana, an umbrella。
2. 与序数词连用,表示再一,又一”。如:You can try it a second time if you fail.
3. 固定搭配。如:all of a sudden; as a matter of fact; as a result; as a rule; as a whole; at a distance; in a way。
定冠词 (the)
1. 表复指上文提到过的人或物。如:We have a cat and two dogs. The cat is black and the dogs are white.
2. 表特指说话双方都知道的人或物。如: Pass me the dictionary, please.
3. 用于比较级前,特指两个被比较的对象的一个。如:Of the two brothers, the younger is more interesting.
零冠词
1. 记忆口诀:下列情况应免冠,代词限定名词前,专有名词不可数,学科球类三餐饭,复数名词表泛指,两节星期月份前,颜色语种和国名,称呼习语及头衔。
2. 固定搭配。如:lose heart, by chance, in time, catch sight of, in place of。
特殊用法
1.抽象名词或物质名词具体化。如:a surprise 一件意外的事情;a pleasure一个令人快乐的事情。
2. 序数词前的冠词活用。如:Can you give me a second chance, please?
3.表示乐器的名词前的冠词活用。如:play the piano;play erhu。
典例1.(广东省新高考高中联合质量测评省级联考试题)Walking around the world may seem impossible, but that didn’t stop one American woman from putting one foot in front of other.
【解析】考查冠词。句意:环游世界似乎是不可能的,但这并没有阻止一位美国女性一步一步地走下去。固定用法:one…, the other…“一个……,另一个”。故填the。
【答案】the
典例2.(广东省湛江市第一中学2023-2024学年高三试题) It also has 342-metre pathway on the side of a mountain.
【解析】考查冠词。句意:在山的一边还有一条342米的小路。此处为泛指,应用不定冠词,数字342为辅音音素开头,故设空处为a。故填a。
【答案】a
变式训练1.(湖南省邵阳市邵东创新实验学校2024年高三试题)Having visited several times over the last 10 years, I was amazed by ______co-existence of old and new, and how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while constantly growing.
【解析】考查冠词。句意:在过去的10年里,我参观了几次,我惊讶于新与旧的共存,以及一个城市如何在不断发展的同时保持如此丰富的遗产。此处特指北京城“新与旧的共存”,应用定冠词。故填the。
【答案】the
变式训练2.(2024届浙江省强基联盟适应性考试试题)As expert for the Baby Annabell Ask The Experts campaign, people have asked me if having a shy personality is something we are born with or if it’s something we develop based on our experiences.
【解析】考查冠词。句意:作为“宝贝安娜贝尔问专家”活动的一名专家,人们问我,害羞的个性是我们天生的,还是我们根据自己的经历发展起来的。可数名词expert在句中表示“一名专家”,泛指,expert发音以元音音素开头,用不定冠词an修饰,故填an。
【答案】an
考点五 连词
解题策略:两个主谓之间一定有连词。(如果两个主谓结构的句子之间没有句号或分号,也没有连词,则空格处一定填连接词或关系词。)
并列连词:
(1) 若两个或两个以上的单词或短语之间没有连词,此时就考虑填连接词。主要的连词有表示并列关系的and和表示选择关系的or等。
(2) 并列句一般由“简单句+并列连词+简单句”构成,有时并列连词前有逗号,可以根据上下句的内在联系判断连词,如同等关系(and)转折关系(but)选择关系(or)、因果关系(so)等。
典例1.(2024新课标I卷)Edmondson said, “It was very exciting to hear the Chinese language ________ see how Tang’s play was being performed.”
【解析】考查连词。句意:…Edmondson说:“听到中文,看到汤显祖的戏剧是如何被表演的,非常激动人心。”空前“hear the Chinese language”和空后“see how Tang’s play was being performed”为并列结构,用and连接。故填and。
【答案】and。
典例2.(2023新高考I卷)To eat one, you have to decide whether to bite a small hole in it first, releasing the stream and risking a spill (溢出), 38 to put the whole dumpling in your mouth, letting the hot soup explode on your tongue.
【解析】考查连词。句意:吃小笼包的时候,你必须要决定是先咬一个小口流出汤汁,还是把整个小笼包放进嘴里,让热汤在舌头上爆炸。whether...or... “是……还是……”,固定搭配,根据句意,故填or。
【答案】or。
典例3.(2023全国乙卷)It is a distinct visual contrast (反差) that shouldn’t work, 65 somehow these two very different worlds make a good combination.
【解析】考查连词。句意:但不知何故,这两个截然不同的世界却很好地结合在了一起。空前“It is a distinct visual contrast (反差) that shouldn’t work,”和空后“somehow these two very different worlds make a good combination.”之间存在转折关系,用but。故填but。
【答案】but。
从属连词:
用来引导名词性从句、定语从句和状语从句的引导词,它们。判断空格处填哪一类引导词,首先要看它所引导的是哪一种从句,然后根据引导词的种类和功能来确定填哪一个引导词。
(1) 名词性从句:当确定为名词性从句后,可以分析从句是否缺少主语、宾语或表语,如果缺少以上成分,一般情况下要使 what,有时可能使用who/whom或which;如果不缺少以上成分,则考虑句子意思是否完整,完整的句子可以使用 that,意思完整的则考虑if/whether,where,why,how, because 等。
典例1.(2023新高考II卷)They also need to be ready to give interviews in English with international journalists. This is _________ they need an English trainer.
【解析】考查表语从句。句意:这就是他们需要英语培训师的原因。分析句子结构可知,空处引导表语从句,从句中结构完整,应该用连接副词连接,前文提到需要培训师的原因,此处是表达“这就是他们需要英语培训师的原因”之意,应用why引导表语从句。故填why。
【答案】why。
典例2. (2019全国I卷)While they are rare north of 88°,there is evidence ________ they range all the way across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada.
【解析】考查同位语从句。根据句子结构分析可知,主句为there be句型,且结构完整,空格后为同位语从句,解释说明中心词evidence的内容,故填that。
【答案】that。
(2) 定语从句:当确定为定语从句后,首先要看看先行词指人、物、时间、地点,还是其他,然后判断引导词在从句中的成分。再根据定语从句的有关规则确定使用哪个引导词。
考点
解题思路
关系代词
1.先行词指人且所填关系词在从句中作主语时,可以用关系词that或who。
2.先行词指人且所填关系词在从句中作宾语时,可以用关系词that或whom或who,也可以不填。
3.先行词指物且所填关系词在从句中作主语或宾语时,可以用关系词that或which。
4.先行词指人或物且所填关系词在从句中作定语时,可以用关系词whose。
5.在非限制性定语从句中不能用关系词that。
6.在非限制性定语从句中,如果先行词是前面的整个句子或句子的一部分时,可以用关系词as或which。as译为“正如”;which译为“这一点,这件事”,表明事物的状态或结果。
关系副词
先行词是表示时间、地点或原因的名词且所填关系词在从句中作状语时,可以用关系词when,where或why。
注意:先行词是表示时间、地点或原因的名词且所填关系词在从句中作主语或宾语时,可以用关系词that或which。
介词+关系词
1.关系词依据先行词来确定,如果先行词指人,用whom;如果先行词指物,用which;如果先行词指人或物,且关系词在从句中作定语,则用whose。
2.介词根据以下原则来确定:(1)与先行词的搭配;(2)与从句谓语的搭配。
典例1.(2024新课标I卷)The Glasshouse stands as a great achievement in contemporary design, to house the plants of the southwestern part of China at the end of a path retracing (追溯) the steps along the Silk Route _______ brought the plants from their native habitat in Asia to come to define much of the richness of gardening in England.
【解析】考查定语从句。句意:Mark Woodruff补充说:“这是当代设计的最高成就,在丝绸之路的尽头,中国亚热带西南部的植物群从温带的欧洲穿过山脉、干旱的土地和高山牧场,这些植物从亚洲的原生栖息地带到英国,定义了英国园艺的丰富和荣耀。”空处引导限制性定语从句,修饰先行词design,先行词指物,关系词在定语从句中作主语,用关系代词which或that引导从句。故填which/that。
【答案】that/which。
典例2.(2020全国III卷)In ancient China lived an artist______ paintings were almost lifelike.
【解析】考查定语从句。句意:中国古代有一位画家,他的画几乎栩栩如生。此处为定语从句修饰先行词artist,且先行词在从句中作定语,故应用关系代词whose。故填whose。
【答案】whose。
(3) 状语从句:当确定为状语从句后,就要通过语境理解,判断上下文的逻辑关系是时间、地点、条件、原因、让步、目的或其他,最后确定从属连词。
典例1.(2021年天津卷) Feeling fearful is healthy ________ it helps you slow down and evaluate risks properly.
【解析】考查连词词义辨析。句意:感到恐惧是有益于健康的,因为它能帮助你慢下来,正确评估风险。根据语境,主句提到healthy(有益于健康的),连词引导的从句部分则在具体描述为何说是有益于健康的,这是一个原因状语从句,适用because(因为)引导,故填because。
【答案】because。
典例2.(广东省东莞实验中学高三试题)In 1988, 75 Nobel prizewinners said that __ mankind is to survive, it must go back 25 centuries in time to tap the wisdom of Confucius.
【解析】考查状语从句。句意:1988年,75位诺贝尔奖得主表示,如果人类要生存下去,就必须回到25个世纪以前,汲取孔子的智慧。引导条件状语从句,表示“如果”应用if。故填if。
【答案】if
变式训练(广东省新高考高中联合质量测评省级联考试题)After six-and-a-half years and over 32, 000 kilometers, Maxwell’s walk ended it began.
【解析】考查地点状语从句。句意:经过6年半,32000多公里的跋涉,麦克斯韦的旅程终于在起点结束了。根据句意可知,此处是where引导的地点状语从句。故填where。
【答案】where
无论考向是什么,都涉及基础的句子成分分析,故详细句子分析可见本专辑第07、19、20讲及21、22、23专题。
一、 真题实战(无提示词填空)
1.(2023新高考II卷)It’s been an honor to watch the panda programme develop 44 to see the pandas settle into their new home.
【答案】and。
【解析】考查连词。句意:我很荣幸能看到熊猫项目的发展,看到熊猫们在新家安顿下来。分析句子结构可知,“to watch the panda programme develop”和“to see the pandas settle into their new home”两者是并列关系,应该用and连接。故填and。
2.(2022新高考II卷)He hung on for a few minutes ___________ screamed for his father, but his father didn't hear him.
【答案】 and。
【解析、考查并列连词。句意:他坚持了几分钟,尖叫喊着他的父亲,但他的父亲没有听到他。根据句子结构,设空处应该填写连词,连接hung和screamed两个动作。根据句意,此处表示并列关系。故填and。
3.(2021浙江卷1月)Although Mary loved flowers, __________ she nor her husband was known as a gardener.
【答案】neither。
【解析】考查并列连词。句意:虽然玛丽喜欢花,但她和她的丈夫都不是有名的园丁。根据句意可知,此处考查连词结构“neither…nor…”,意为“既不……也不……”。故填neither。
4.(2024全国甲卷)Yellowstone was the largest United States national park - 2.2 million acres - until Wrangell-Saint Elias in southern Alaska, became a national monument in 1978, took the honors as a national park in 1980 with 12.3 million acres.
【答案】which。
【解析】本空所在句子为定语从句,先行词为Wrangell-Saint Elias,故答案在which和that间选,而本空前有逗号,that前不能加逗号,故填which。
5.(2024浙江1月卷)If most of their customers are happy to buy larger quantities, that’s _________ they’ll promote.
【答案】 what。
【解析】考查表语从句。句意:如果他们的大多数客户都乐意大量购买,那他们就会推广。在表语从句中缺少宾语,且是指事物,所以应用连接代词what。故填what。
6.(2021年北京卷)The poor woman wasn't able to give him any information about ________ she lived.
【答案】where。
【解析】考查宾语从句。句意:这个可怜的老妇人不能说清楚她住在哪里。介词about后是宾语从句,根据句意,此处用where“在哪里;……的地方”符合句意,从句中作地点状语,故填where。
7.(2020全国III卷)__________ he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary (传奇的) artist, they smiled and pointed down the river.
【答案】When/As。
【解析】考查连接词。句意:当他问河岸上的村民,他在哪里可以找到这位传奇艺术家时,他们笑着指着河的下游。本句为时间状语从句,表示“当……时候”,且从句中动词asked为短暂性动作动词,不能用while引导,故应用when或as引导。句首单词首字母要大写。故填When/As。
8.(2024九省联考卷) He feels that neat handwriting is still an important skill, so he has his students write not only by hand but also __________ old fashioned fountain pens.
【答案】with。
【解析】考查介词。句意:他觉得整洁的书写仍然是一项重要的技能,所以他不仅让学生手写,还让他们用老式的钢笔写字。根据空格后的名词old fashioned fountain pens可知,空格处应填介词,表示“使用”应用介词with。故填with。
9.(2022新课标I卷) Giant pandas also serve __________ an umbrella species(物种), bringing protection to a host of plants and animals in the southwestern and northwestern parts of China.
【答案】as。
【解析】考查介词。句意:大熊猫还扮演着保护伞的角色,为中国西南和西北地区的许多动植物带来保护。固定短语:serve as (充当)。故填as。
10.(2022新高考II卷)___________ Brown family live in an apartment building outside Toronto. On the day of the accident, Mrs. Brown was at work and Eric was at home with his father.
【答案】The。
【解析】考查冠词。句意:布朗一家住在多伦多郊外的一栋公寓楼里。根据句子结构,设空处要填写冠词与Brown family 构成名词短语作主语。the+姓氏,意为“某某一家人”,the符合句意。同时该单词置于句首,首字母应该大写。故填The。
11.(2021年新高考I卷)While you’re in China, Mount Huangshan is ___________ must to visit!
【答案】a。
【解析】考查冠词。句意:当你在中国的时候,黄山是一个你一定要去的地方。must作名词时,意为“绝对必要的事物”,为可数名词,此处泛指“一个必须去的地方”,应用不定冠词,must是以辅音音素开头的词,应用a。故填a。
12.(2024全国甲卷)This area, with 66 (it) unique and breathtaking natural beauty, must be well preserved for all people of the nation to enjoy - as a national park.
【答案】its。
【解析】考查代词。句意:这个地区拥有独特的、令人惊叹的自然美景,必须作为国家公园保护好,为了所有国家的人都能享受。修饰名词beauty用形容词性物主代词its,故填its。
二、 命题演练
1.(2024·浙江·二模)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
For most of us, popcorn is synonymous (同义的) with movie theaters. We go to the movies, buy a popcorn, and enjoy the show 1 even thinking twice about it. But, why? Why do we always eat popcorn at the movies?
One reason for popcorn’s increasing 2 (popular) was its mobility: in 1885, the first steam-powered popcorn maker hit the streets, invented by Charles Cretor. The mobile nature of the machine made 3 the perfect production machine to serve customers 4 (attend) outdoor sporting events, or circuses and 5 (fair). Not only was popcorn mobile, but it could be mass-produced without a kitchen, an advantage 6 another crunchy snack — the potato chip — lacked. Another reason for its dominance over other snacks was its appealing smell when 7 (heat).
But it wasn’t super fancy to movie theatres at first as they didn’t allow such a loud and messy food into their performances. 8 relationship between popcorn and the movies was really set in stone during World War II. Things like chocolate and sugar were limited during the war while salt and popcorn kernels were never limited. So the country’s favorite go-to-movie snack was even 9 (available) and popular. Ever since, popcorn and movies 10 (continue) to be as iconic as any duo (二重奏) out there.
【答案】
1.without 2.popularity 3.it 4.attending 5.fairs 6.that/which 7.heated 8.The 9.more available 10.have continued
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了爆米花总是和看电影联系在一起的原因。
1.考查介词。句意:我们去看电影,买个爆米花,不假思索地欣赏电影。根据前文“For most of us, popcorn is synonymous (同义的) with movie theaters.(对我们大多数人来说,爆米花就是电影院的代名词)”可知,此处是指不假思索地欣赏电影,所以应用介词without表示“没有”。故填without。
2.考查名词。句意:爆米花越来越受欢迎的一个原因是它的移动性:1885年,查尔斯·克雷特发明了第一台蒸汽动力爆米花机。此处作宾语,应用名词popularity表示“受欢迎”。故填popularity。
3.考查代词。句意:机器的移动特性使其成为完美的生产机器,为参加户外体育赛事或马戏团和博览会的客户服务。根据“the perfect production machine”可知,此处是指使这种机器成为完美的生产机器,代指the machine应用代词it。故填it。
4.考查现在分词。句意:机器的移动特性使其成为完美的生产机器,为参加户外体育赛事或马戏团和博览会的客户服务。动词attend意为“参加”,和谓语之间没有连词,和逻辑主语customers构成主动关系,所以应用现在分词形式作后置定语。故填attending。
5.考查名词复数。句意:机器的移动特性使其成为完美的生产机器,为参加户外体育赛事或马戏团和博览会的客户服务。fair意为“博览会”,为可数名词,根据“outdoor sporting events, or circuses”可知,此处应用复数形式。故填fairs。
6.考查定语从句。句意:爆米花不仅可以移动,而且可以在没有厨房的情况下批量生产,这是另一种脆脆的零食——薯片——所缺乏的优势。在定语从句中缺少宾语,且先行词为advantage,所以应用关系代词which或that。故填which/that。
7.考查过去分词。句意:它在其他零食中占据主导地位的另一个原因是它在加热时散发出诱人的气味。动词heat意为“加热”,和逻辑主语“爆米花”构成被动关系,所以应用过去分词形式作状语。故填heated。
8.考查冠词。句意:爆米花和电影之间的关系在第二次世界大战期间确实是板上钉钉的。根据“between popcorn and the movies”可知,此处特指爆米花和电影之间的关系,所以应用定冠词the。句首首字母应大写。故填The。
9.考查比较级。句意:因此,这个国家最受欢迎的电影小吃变得更容易买到,也更受欢迎。在even后形容词available应用比较级。根据前文“Things like chocolate and sugar were limited during the war while salt and popcorn kernels were never limited.(像巧克力和糖这样的东西在战争期间是限制的,而盐和爆米花仁则从来没有限制过。)”可知,此处是指更容易买到。故填more available。
10.考查现在完成时。句意:从那以后,爆米花和电影就像任何一对搭档一样,一直是标志性的。根据ever since可知,此处应用现在完成时,主语popcorn and movies是复数,助动词用have。故填have continued。
2.(2024·山东东营·高三试题)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
My name is Haroon Ali Kabeer. I am from Pakistan. I’d like to share my personal experience of living and working in China. China is a country 11 (fill) with diverse culture, rich history and breathtaking landscapes.
My first impression of China was 12 mix of awe and amazement. On the second day I arrived in Jinan at Shandong University, 13 I did my IMBA.My first few months were a bit 14 (challenge) because of the language barrier, but I was able to navigate my way around quickly. After completing my IMBA, I 15 (land) a job as a teacher at the Shandong Institute of Commerce and Technology (SICT).
One of the things I noticed was how Chinese people value education. From primary schools to universities, education is highly regarded. The education system in China has been modeled to ensure that students 16 (equip) with the necessary knowledge and skills to succeed in life.
Recently, I participated in a speech contest 17 the theme of “The Yellow River in My Eyes” and I won third prize. I also got an opportunity 18 (learn) the history of the Yellow River and explore the Yellow River estuary in Dongying.
In conclusion, China has become my second home. Living and working in China has been a 19 (true) unique and remarkable experience. I have learned so much about China’s rich culture and history, met inspiring people and gained a far 20 (broad) understanding of the world.
【答案】
11.filled 12.a 13.where 14.challenging 15.landed 16.are equipped 17.with 18.to learn 19.truly 20.broader
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了巴基斯坦学生Haroon Ali Kabeer在中国生活和工作的个人经历。
11.考查非谓语动词。句意:中国是一个文化多元、历史悠久、风景优美的国家。短语be filled with表示“充满”,过去分词作定语。故填filled。
12.考查冠词。句意:我对中国的第一印象是既敬畏又惊奇。短语a mix of表示“混合”。故填a。
13.考查定语从句。句意:第二天,我到达了济南的山东大学,在那里我完成了我的IMBA。非限制性定语从句修饰先行词Shandong University,在从句作地点状语,故用where。故填where。
14.考查形容词。句意:由于语言障碍,最初的几个月有点困难,但我很快就适应了。作表语,应用形容词challenging,表示“富于挑战性的”。故填challenging。
15.考查时态。句意:完成IMBA学业后,我在山东商业技术学院找到了一份教师的工作。描述过去发生的事情,用一般过去时。故填landed。
16.考查固定短语。句意:中国的教育体系以确保学生具备在生活中取得成功所必需的知识和技能为榜样。短语be equipped with表示“配备”,陈述事实用一般现在时,主语为students,谓语用复数。故填are equipped。
17.考查介词。句意:最近,我参加了以“我眼中的黄河”为主题的演讲比赛,并获得了三等奖。后跟名词作宾语,作伴随状语,应用介词with。故填with。
18.考查非谓语动词。句意:我也有机会了解黄河的历史,并在东营探索黄河口。名词opportunity后跟不定式作后置定语。故填to learn。
19.考查副词。句意:总之,中国已经成为我的第二故乡。在中国生活和工作确实是一段独特而非凡的经历。修饰形容词unique应用副词truly,故填truly。
20.考查比较级。句意:我了解了中国丰富的文化和历史,遇到了鼓舞人心的人,对世界有了更广泛的了解。根据上文far以及句意“更广泛”可知应用比较级。故填broader。
3.(2024·湖南衡阳·模拟预测)阅读下面短文,在空格处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
When Zhao Shuxian started working at 21 art and craft factory in Nanjing in Jiangsu province in 1973, the then 19-year-old was given the job of mastering the time-honored craft of making “velvet” flowers from silk. His goal was 22 (promote) to the designer’s workshop where he would be able to make whatever he wanted. Today, Zhao is recognized as one of the few seasoned makers of this ornament, 23 (produce) of which is still done by hand.
His colorful silk flowers are popular with young women, 24 have turned them into a new urban trend and share pictures on social networks. The 25 (die) floral ornaments have also featured in popular period dramas, on red carpet outfits, at fashion shows 26 in the new collections of luxury brands.
The practice of wearing velvet flowers 27 (believe) to date to the Tang Dynasty (618-907). They were sent to imperial palaces as 28 (item) of tribute and became a popular hair accessory for aristocrats (贵族) and women 29 (serve) at the court.
The trend spread to ordinary people. In Nanjing, the commercial area near Sanshan Street and Changle Road used to be known 30 the “flower market”, and was a hub of boutiques making and selling velvet flowers.
【答案】
21.an 22.to be promoted 23.production 24.who 25.undying 26.and 27.is believed 28.items 29.serving 30.as
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文,讲述了赵树宪掌握制作蚕丝“绒花”这一传统工艺的经历,还介绍了“绒花”的受欢迎程度以及其历史背景。
21.考查不定冠词。句意:1973年,19岁的赵树宪开始在江苏省南京市的一家工艺美术工厂工作,他的工作是掌握一门历史悠久的工艺——用丝绸制作“绒花”。空后名词factory为可数名词,第一次提及该工厂,表示泛指,且后面art的发音以元音音素开头,故此处应使用不定冠词an。故填an。
22.考查非谓语动词。句意:他的目标是晋升为设计师工作室,在那里他可以做任何他想做的东西。分析句子结构可知,该空所给动词在句中作表语,应使用动词不定式结构解释主语His goal(目标)的内容,且动词逻辑主语he与promote为被动关系,故此处应用不定式的被动结构。故填to be promoted。
23.考查名词。句意:如今,赵树宪被认为是少数几个经验丰富的这种装饰品的制造者之一,这种装饰品的制作仍然是手工完成的。由空后介词of可知,此处需要一个名词在介词of+which引导的非限制定语从句中做主语,which指代ornament,这里指这种装饰品的生产过程,所给词produce为动词,其名词production为不可数名词,意为“生产”符合语境。故填production。
24.考查定语从句。句意:他的彩色丝绸花很受年轻女性的欢迎,她们把它们变成了一种新的城市潮流,并在社交网络上分享照片。该空需要一个关系词引导非限定性定语从句,修饰先行词“young women”,并指代先行词在从句中做主语,应填who,故填who。
25.考查形容词。句意:这些永不凋谢的花卉装饰物也出现在流行的古装剧、红毯服装、时装秀和奢侈品牌的新系列中。此处需要一个形容词来修饰名词“floral ornaments”,且根据上文“making ‘velvet’ flowers from silk”可知,此处指这种天鹅绒制作的花是不会凋零的“永生花”,提示词die为动词,其派生的形容词undying意为“永恒的,不朽的”符合题意。故填undying。
26.考查连词。句意:这些永不凋谢的花卉装饰物也出现在流行的古装剧、红毯服装、时装秀和奢侈品牌的新系列中。此处是列举了多个地方,所以需要用并列连词and来连接at fashion shows 和 in the new collections of luxury brands,表示这些花饰品在红毯装扮、时装秀和奢侈品牌的新系列中都有出现,故填and。
27.考查时态语态。句意:佩戴丝绒花的习俗被认为可以追溯到唐朝(618-907)。此处表示“佩戴丝绒花的习俗被认为可以追溯到唐朝”,是个被普遍接受的观点,所给词动词believe在句中作谓语,与主语The practice为被动关系,此处应用一般现在时的被动语态,且主语为第三人称单数形式。故填is believed。
28.考查名词复数。句意:它们作为贡品被送往皇宫,并成为贵族和宫廷女性的流行发饰。空处前没有限定词,且根据句意可知,此处item意为“物品”与主语They指代一致,指velvet flowers应使用可数名词的复数形式。故填items。
29.考查非谓语动词。句意:它们作为贡品被送往皇宫,并成为贵族和宫廷女性的流行发饰。所给动词在句中作后置定语,修饰名词“women”,表示这些女性“服务(serve)”于宫廷,与修饰词为主动关系,应使用现在分词形式。故填serving。
30.考查介词。句意:在南京,三山街和长乐路附近的商业区曾经被称为“花市”,是制作和销售丝绒花的精品店的中心。固定搭配be known as意为“被称为使……”,符合语境。故填as。
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第15讲 语法填空之无提示词
目录
01 考情透视·目标导航 1
02 知识导图·思维引航 2
03 考点突破·考法探究 2
考点一 题型破解 2
知识点1 题型特点 3
知识点2 高分技巧 3
考点二 介词 3
考点三 代词 5
考点四 冠词 5
考点五 连词 6
04真题练习·命题洞现
1.真题实战 8
2.命题演练 9
近三高考真题语法填空考点细目表
年份
卷别
词数
有提示词
无提示词
谓语
非谓语
名词
形容词副词
代词
介词
冠词
数词
并列句
连词
2024
新课标I卷
243
1
2
3
1
1
1
1
新课标Ⅱ卷
220
2
3
2
1
1
1
全国甲卷
223
2
1
2
1
1
1
2
2023
新课标I卷
203
4
2
1
1
1
1
新课标Ⅱ卷
211
1
1
2
2
1
1
1
1
全国甲卷
220
1
3
1
1
2
1
1
全国乙卷
201
2
3
1
1
1
1
1
2022
新课标I卷
229
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
新课标Ⅱ卷
225
2
2
1
2
1
1
1
全国甲卷
219
1
3
1
2
1
1
1
全国乙卷
222
1
3
1
1
1
1
1
1
考点一 题型破解
知识点1 题型特点
分析近几年新高考语法填空题可知,语法填空命题侧重三个方面:中国传统文化、世界科技进步、自然环境。注重通过语篇体现中华文明与世界文明的交流互鉴,引导学生增强国家认同和家国情怀,坚定文化自信,拓展国际视野,在跨文化交流学习中增进国际理解,推动世界文明共同发展。一是考查中国传统文化,二是考查生活故事,三是考查科学技术进步。
从2024年新高考卷语法填空看,长难句进一步增加,强化考生英语的实际运用能力、理解能力和逻辑推理能力的综合考查。语法填空题命题突出语境,命题包含“词、句、篇”三个层面,彰显“无语境不命题”。
整体分布:考查以实词为主,虚词为辅;有词填空占6-7空,无词填空占3-4空;谓语和非谓语动词是每年必考点,并列句和复合句也是高考热点;介词考查相对比较频繁。
无提示词:介词、冠词、连接词、代词等;且每空只能填一个单词。
知识点2 高分技巧
一 通读全文把握大意.
通读全文有利于读懂全文大意,也有利于填空时必要的逻辑推理,解决相关的难题如动词的时态语态题。
二 精读文章,关注设空词的词性及对应的解题规律。
介词
1. 考虑与空格前的词语搭配组成固定短语;
2.考虑介词在复杂语境中的核心意思。(详见本专辑专题第06讲)
代词
无提示词。可能填:①人称代词主格,②不定代词;③it,包括填作形式主语的it,替代后面作真正主语或宾语的不定式、动名词或从句。(具体详见本专辑专题第03讲)
冠词
考虑冠词的基本用法和特殊用法;(具体详见本专辑专题第02讲)
连词
1.考虑并列连词;
2.考虑定语从句、名词性从句、状语从句引导词。(具体详见本专辑专题第07、21、22、23讲)
三 复读选项代入检验
通读全文,将所有答案代入短文中进行检查,注意上下文之间的逻辑关系,避免出现前后矛盾或句子不通顺的问题。
考点二 介词
解题策略:介词是语法填空的必考点和难点,高考通常考查介词与动词、形容词或者名词的搭配。学生应该熟练掌握常见介词的基本用法及介词与其他词类的搭配;如果名词或者代词在句子中不作主语、表语或者动词的宾语时,其前面一般是填介词。在学习的过程中应注意对短语的归纳、积累、比较和记忆。
常见用法
时间
介词
in (表示一天中某段时间,指天、年、月、季节、周次等), on (表示某一天或星期几,指明具体的时间), at (表示特定的时间、节日、年龄), by (…的时候、到、等到…已经等,用在天、时间的前面)
1. in 与after的用法区别:A.介词in+一段时间用于一般将来时。B.介词after+一段时间用于一般过去时。C.介词after+时间点常用于一般将来时。
2. for与since的用法区别:A.介词for表示一段时间。B.介词since表示从过去某一时间以来。
3. during与for的用法区别:A.当所指的时间起止分明时用介词during。B.如果一段时间不明确则用介词for。
4. before与by的用法区别:A.介词before表示“在…之前”。B.介词by表示“到…时为止,不迟于…”。
地点介词
in, at, on, to
1.at 与in 的用法区别:at表示较小的地方,如家、村、乡村等。in表示较大的地方,如大城市、国家、洲等。
2. at与on的用法区别:at用于门牌号。on用于路名。
3.in, on, to的用法区别:in表示“包含”,如:Beijing is in the north of China. on表示“紧邻”,如:Canada lies on the north of the U.S. to表示“没接触”,如:France lies to the south of England.
方式介词
with, in, by
in, with, by的用法区别:in表示“用材料、语言”。如: Can you say it in English? with表示“用工具、某物”如: with a pen。 by表示“用、以、靠、通过…方法”。如:He prefers traveling by car.
方位介词
at, in, on, to, beneath, over, under, above, below, in front of / in the front of / behind, between / among, over/across/through
1.in, on, at 的用法区别:in表示“排、行、组”。on表示“左、右”。at表示“前、后”。
2. on, over, above的用法区别:on表示一物放在另一物上面两者紧贴在一起。over表示一种垂直悬空的上下关系,即“在…上方”。介词above表示一般的“高于….”,“在…之上”。
3. under与below的用法区别:under是over的反义词即“在…下方”。below是above的反义词即“低于…” , “在…之下”。
4. across, through, over, past的用法区别:across着重于“从—头或—边到另—头或另—边”,强调从表面穿过。through着重于“穿越” ,强调从一定的空间内穿过。over多表示从“上方越过”。past表示从“面前经过” 。
其他 1.当表示时间的词前有this, that时,其前面不用介词,如:this morning
2.当表示时间的词前有next时,其前面不用介词,如: next Sunday
3.当表示时间的词前有last时,其前面不用介词,如:last Sunday
4.当表示时间的词前有one, any, each, every, some或all时,其前面不用介词,如:You can come any day.
典例1.(2024新课标I卷)The Glasshouse stands a great achievement in contemporary design, to house the plants of the southwestern part of China at the end of a path retracing (追溯) the steps along the Silk Route…
典例2.(2024全国甲卷)This area, with its unique and breathtaking natural beauty, must be well preserved __________all people of the nation to enjoy - as a national park.
典例3.(2022全国甲卷)Now, Cao has started the second part of his dream to walk along the Belt and Road route. He flew 4, 700 kilometers _________ Xi’an to Kashgar on seat 20, planning to hike back to Xi’an in five months.
考点三 代词
解题策略: 无提示词缺少主语或宾语,一定填代词,主要考查it作形式主语或形式宾语。
1. it的用法
(1) it可用作人称代词用来指代事物成上文提到过的内容。
(2) it作形式主话或形式宾语代指不定式动词-ing形式、名词性从句。
(3)表示“喜欢、憎恨”等心理方面的动词后常接it作形式宾语、然后再接真正宾语(宾语从句),这类动词有enjoy,prefer, love, like. hate, dislike, appreciate 等.
2.不定代词和替代词的用法
(1) both,either,neither 都强调两者,可作主语、宾语和定语。neither 表示“两者都不”,either 表示"两者中任何一个",both表示“再者都”。
(2) all 和 none 都强调三者或三者以上,all 表示“全部都”,面 none 表示”全都都不”。
(3) another 表示“(三者以上中的)另一个,再一个”。the other 意为“(两者中的)另一个”。other 意为“其余的。
另外的"。others泛指其余的人或物。
(4)that/these 可用来替代前面出现过的名词。that替代单数名词或不可数名间,面those 替代复数名词放集合名词。
(5)one指代前面出现过的那类事物中的“一个”,其复数形式为ones。
典例1.(2024年广东省新高考高中联合质量测评省级联考试题)When the BBC asked her what kind of person______ takes to walk around the world, Maxwell said, “It’s probably a combination of ambition, a little stubbornness and a pinch of passion—not for hiking as a sport, but for self-discovery and adventure.
典例2.(广东省执信中学2024年高三开学试题)So before you return home from work tonight, put the burden of work down. Don’t carry back home.
考点四 冠词
解题策略:名词前面如果没有限定词(冠词、形容词性物主代词等),很可能填冠词。(具体考查泛指、特指、固定短语中的冠词)
种类
常见用法
不定冠词 (a / an)
1. 修饰可数名词单数,表示泛指。以元音音素开头的单词前需要用an,而以辅音音素开头的单词前用a。如:an apple, a banana, an umbrella。
2. 与序数词连用,表示再一,又一”。如:You can try it a second time if you fail.
3. 固定搭配。如:all of a sudden; as a matter of fact; as a result; as a rule; as a whole; at a distance; in a way。
定冠词 (the)
1. 表复指上文提到过的人或物。如:We have a cat and two dogs. The cat is black and the dogs are white.
2. 表特指说话双方都知道的人或物。如: Pass me the dictionary, please.
3. 用于比较级前,特指两个被比较的对象的一个。如:Of the two brothers, the younger is more interesting.
零冠词
1. 记忆口诀:下列情况应免冠,代词限定名词前,专有名词不可数,学科球类三餐饭,复数名词表泛指,两节星期月份前,颜色语种和国名,称呼习语及头衔。
2. 固定搭配。如:lose heart, by chance, in time, catch sight of, in place of。
特殊用法
1.抽象名词或物质名词具体化。如:a surprise 一件意外的事情;a pleasure一个令人快乐的事情。
2. 序数词前的冠词活用。如:Can you give me a second chance, please?
3.表示乐器的名词前的冠词活用。如:play the piano;play erhu。
典例1.(广东省新高考高中联合质量测评省级联考试题)Walking around the world may seem impossible, but that didn’t stop one American woman from putting one foot in front of other.
典例2.(广东省湛江市第一中学2023-2024学年高三试题) It also has 342-metre pathway on the side of a mountain.
变式训练1.(湖南省邵阳市邵东创新实验学校2024年高三试题)Having visited several times over the last 10 years, I was amazed by ______co-existence of old and new, and how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while constantly growing.变式训练2.(2024届浙江省强基联盟适应性考试试题)As expert for the Baby Annabell Ask The Experts campaign, people have asked me if having a shy personality is something we are born with or if it’s something we develop based on our experiences.
考点五 连词
解题策略:两个主谓之间一定有连词。(如果两个主谓结构的句子之间没有句号或分号,也没有连词,则空格处一定填连接词或关系词。)
并列连词:
(1) 若两个或两个以上的单词或短语之间没有连词,此时就考虑填连接词。主要的连词有表示并列关系的and和表示选择关系的or等。
(2) 并列句一般由“简单句+并列连词+简单句”构成,有时并列连词前有逗号,可以根据上下句的内在联系判断连词,如同等关系(and)转折关系(but)选择关系(or)、因果关系(so)等。
典例1.(2024新课标I卷)Edmondson said, “It was very exciting to hear the Chinese language ________ see how Tang’s play was being performed.”
典例2.(2023新高考I卷)To eat one, you have to decide whether to bite a small hole in it first, releasing the stream and risking a spill (溢出), 38 to put the whole dumpling in your mouth, letting the hot soup explode on your tongue.
典例3.(2023全国乙卷)It is a distinct visual contrast (反差) that shouldn’t work, 65 somehow these two very different worlds make a good combination.
从属连词:
用来引导名词性从句、定语从句和状语从句的引导词,它们。判断空格处填哪一类引导词,首先要看它所引导的是哪一种从句,然后根据引导词的种类和功能来确定填哪一个引导词。
(1) 名词性从句:当确定为名词性从句后,可以分析从句是否缺少主语、宾语或表语,如果缺少以上成分,一般情况下要使 what,有时可能使用who/whom或which;如果不缺少以上成分,则考虑句子意思是否完整,完整的句子可以使用 that,意思完整的则考虑if/whether,where,why,how, because 等。
典例1.(2023新高考II卷)They also need to be ready to give interviews in English with international journalists. This is _________ they need an English trainer.
典例2. (2019全国I卷)While they are rare north of 88°,there is evidence ________ they range all the way across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada.
(2) 定语从句:当确定为定语从句后,首先要看看先行词指人、物、时间、地点,还是其他,然后判断引导词在从句中的成分。再根据定语从句的有关规则确定使用哪个引导词。
考点
解题思路
关系代词
1.先行词指人且所填关系词在从句中作主语时,可以用关系词that或who。
2.先行词指人且所填关系词在从句中作宾语时,可以用关系词that或whom或who,也可以不填。
3.先行词指物且所填关系词在从句中作主语或宾语时,可以用关系词that或which。
4.先行词指人或物且所填关系词在从句中作定语时,可以用关系词whose。
5.在非限制性定语从句中不能用关系词that。
6.在非限制性定语从句中,如果先行词是前面的整个句子或句子的一部分时,可以用关系词as或which。as译为“正如”;which译为“这一点,这件事”,表明事物的状态或结果。
关系副词
先行词是表示时间、地点或原因的名词且所填关系词在从句中作状语时,可以用关系词when,where或why。
注意:先行词是表示时间、地点或原因的名词且所填关系词在从句中作主语或宾语时,可以用关系词that或which。
介词+关系词
1.关系词依据先行词来确定,如果先行词指人,用whom;如果先行词指物,用which;如果先行词指人或物,且关系词在从句中作定语,则用whose。
2.介词根据以下原则来确定:(1)与先行词的搭配;(2)与从句谓语的搭配。
典例1.(2024新课标I卷)The Glasshouse stands as a great achievement in contemporary design, to house the plants of the southwestern part of China at the end of a path retracing (追溯) the steps along the Silk Route _______ brought the plants from their native habitat in Asia to come to define much of the richness of gardening in England.
典例2.(2020全国III卷)In ancient China lived an artist______ paintings were almost lifelike.
(3) 状语从句:当确定为状语从句后,就要通过语境理解,判断上下文的逻辑关系是时间、地点、条件、原因、让步、目的或其他,最后确定从属连词。
典例1.(2021年天津卷) Feeling fearful is healthy ________ it helps you slow down and evaluate risks properly.
典例2.(广东省东莞实验中学高三试题)In 1988, 75 Nobel prizewinners said that __ mankind is to survive, it must go back 25 centuries in time to tap the wisdom of Confucius.
变式训练(广东省新高考高中联合质量测评省级联考试题)After six-and-a-half years and over 32, 000 kilometers, Maxwell’s walk ended it began.
无论考向是什么,都涉及基础的句子成分分析,故详细句子分析可见本专辑第07、19、20讲及21、22、23专题。
一、 真题实战(无提示词填空)
1.(2023新高考II卷)It’s been an honor to watch the panda programme develop 44 to see the pandas settle into their new home.
2.(2022新高考II卷)He hung on for a few minutes ___________ screamed for his father, but his father didn't hear him.
3.(2021浙江卷1月)Although Mary loved flowers, __________ she nor her husband was known as a gardener.
4.(2024全国甲卷)Yellowstone was the largest United States national park - 2.2 million acres - until Wrangell-Saint Elias in southern Alaska, became a national monument in 1978, took the honors as a national park in 1980 with 12.3 million acres.
5.(2024浙江1月卷)If most of their customers are happy to buy larger quantities, that’s _________ they’ll promote.
6.(2021年北京卷)The poor woman wasn't able to give him any information about ________ she lived.
7.(2020全国III卷)__________ he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary (传奇的) artist, they smiled and pointed down the river.
8.(2024九省联考卷) He feels that neat handwriting is still an important skill, so he has his students write not only by hand but also __________ old fashioned fountain pens.
9.(2022新课标I卷) Giant pandas also serve __________ an umbrella species(物种), bringing protection to a host of plants and animals in the southwestern and northwestern parts of China.
10.(2022新高考II卷)___________ Brown family live in an apartment building outside Toronto. On the day of the accident, Mrs. Brown was at work and Eric was at home with his father.
11.(2021年新高考I卷)While you’re in China, Mount Huangshan is ___________ must to visit!
12.(2024全国甲卷)This area, with 66 (it) unique and breathtaking natural beauty, must be well preserved for all people of the nation to enjoy - as a national park.
二、 命题演练
1.(2024·浙江·二模)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
For most of us, popcorn is synonymous (同义的) with movie theaters. We go to the movies, buy a popcorn, and enjoy the show 1 even thinking twice about it. But, why? Why do we always eat popcorn at the movies?
One reason for popcorn’s increasing 2 (popular) was its mobility: in 1885, the first steam-powered popcorn maker hit the streets, invented by Charles Cretor. The mobile nature of the machine made 3 the perfect production machine to serve customers 4 (attend) outdoor sporting events, or circuses and 5 (fair). Not only was popcorn mobile, but it could be mass-produced without a kitchen, an advantage 6 another crunchy snack — the potato chip — lacked. Another reason for its dominance over other snacks was its appealing smell when 7 (heat).
But it wasn’t super fancy to movie theatres at first as they didn’t allow such a loud and messy food into their performances. 8 relationship between popcorn and the movies was really set in stone during World War II. Things like chocolate and sugar were limited during the war while salt and popcorn kernels were never limited. So the country’s favorite go-to-movie snack was even 9 (available) and popular. Ever since, popcorn and movies 10 (continue) to be as iconic as any duo (二重奏) out there.
2.(2024·山东东营·高三试题)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
My name is Haroon Ali Kabeer. I am from Pakistan. I’d like to share my personal experience of living and working in China. China is a country 11 (fill) with diverse culture, rich history and breathtaking landscapes.
My first impression of China was 12 mix of awe and amazement. On the second day I arrived in Jinan at Shandong University, 13 I did my IMBA.My first few months were a bit 14 (challenge) because of the language barrier, but I was able to navigate my way around quickly. After completing my IMBA, I 15 (land) a job as a teacher at the Shandong Institute of Commerce and Technology (SICT).
One of the things I noticed was how Chinese people value education. From primary schools to universities, education is highly regarded. The education system in China has been modeled to ensure that students 16 (equip) with the necessary knowledge and skills to succeed in life.
Recently, I participated in a speech contest 17 the theme of “The Yellow River in My Eyes” and I won third prize. I also got an opportunity 18 (learn) the history of the Yellow River and explore the Yellow River estuary in Dongying.
In conclusion, China has become my second home. Living and working in China has been a 19 (true) unique and remarkable experience. I have learned so much about China’s rich culture and history, met inspiring people and gained a far 20 (broad) understanding of the world.
3.(2024·湖南衡阳·模拟预测)阅读下面短文,在空格处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
When Zhao Shuxian started working at 21 art and craft factory in Nanjing in Jiangsu province in 1973, the then 19-year-old was given the job of mastering the time-honored craft of making “velvet” flowers from silk. His goal was 22 (promote) to the designer’s workshop where he would be able to make whatever he wanted. Today, Zhao is recognized as one of the few seasoned makers of this ornament, 23 (produce) of which is still done by hand.
His colorful silk flowers are popular with young women, 24 have turned them into a new urban trend and share pictures on social networks. The 25 (die) floral ornaments have also featured in popular period dramas, on red carpet outfits, at fashion shows 26 in the new collections of luxury brands.
The practice of wearing velvet flowers 27 (believe) to date to the Tang Dynasty (618-907). They were sent to imperial palaces as 28 (item) of tribute and became a popular hair accessory for aristocrats (贵族) and women 29 (serve) at the court.
The trend spread to ordinary people. In Nanjing, the commercial area near Sanshan Street and Changle Road used to be known 30 the “flower market”, and was a hub of boutiques making and selling velvet flowers.
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