Unit 4 Body Language Words and expressions 单词讲解导学案-2024-2025学年高中英语人教版（2019）选择性必修第一册

Unit 4 Body language 导学案 教材原句p.38 Just like spoken language，body language varies from culture to culture. 1 vary vi.（根据情况）变化；改变 搭配 vary with... 随……而变化 vary in... 在……方面不同 vary from...to... 由……到……变化 vary between...and... 在……与……之间变化 The menu varies with the season. The flowers that vary in colour and size appeal to a good many bees. The catalogue of goods varies from supermarket to supermarket. The wires’ lengths vary between 25 cm and 50 cm. 词语积累】 various adj. 各种各样的；多姿多彩的 variation n. 变化 varied adj. 变化的，多变的 variety n.（同一事物的）不同种类；多样化 a variety of（= varieties of ,various, all kinds/sorts of）各种各样的 单句语法填空 （1）People’s clothes usually vary _____ the season and taste. （2）Generally，pulse rates vary slightly ______person ____person. （3）These shoes vary ______________ size and colour. （4）In these open spaces are numerous plants in______ _ stages of growth that attract a______________ of other plant-eaters.（vary） (5) Prices of the book_________________________________（因商店不同而不同）. 教材原句p.38 The crucial thing is using body language in a way that is appropriate to the culture you are in. 2 appropriate adj. 合适的；恰当的 be appropriate for/to 适合…… be appropriate（for sb.）to do sth.（某人）做某事是合适的。 It is appropriate that sb.（should）do... 某人做……是合适的。 She was so delicate that the tough job was not appropriate for her. It is not appropriate（for me） to make adjustments to the plan now. It is appropriate that you draw a conclusion with enough evidence. 【词语积累】 appropriately adv. 合适地；恰当地　inappropriate adj. 不合适的 单句语法填空 （1）The book was written in a style appropriate______________ the age of the children. （2）It is ______________（appropriate） to judge a person from his appearance. （3）She says dressing ______________（appropriate）for interviews helps applicants feel confident. 完成句子 （4）Plain，simple clothes ____________________________（适合） school wear. （5）［词汇复现］____________________（……是合适的） you should adopt his suggestion. 3 approve vi. 赞成；同意 vt. 批准；通过 approve of sth. 同意/ 赞同某事 approve of one’s/sb. doing sth. 同意/ 赞同某人做某事 He doesn’t approve of my/me taking up the job as an journalist. The president approved the building plans you submitted. give one’s approval to 同意，批准 单句语法填空 （1）Her mother doesn’t approve ______________ her going to study in the United States alone. （2）Alan is someone who always needs the______________（approve） of other people. （3）After a lot of hard work and efforts，the project ______________（approve） eventually by the government. 完成句子 （4）Her father will never ________________________（同意她嫁给） the old man with lots of money. 教材原句p.38 In Japan，someone who witnesses another person employing the gesture might think it means money. 4 witness vt. 当场看到；目击；见证 n. 目击者；证人 witness to (doing) sth. 为....作证 be (a) witness to sth. 某事的目击者 give witness on behalf of sb. 为某人做证 Recent years have witnessed the development of the tourist industry. She was shocked by the violent scenes she had witnessed. The police are looking for witnesses to the accident. （1）One witness ______________ the accident said the driver appeared to be drunk. （2）It was an extraordinary experience _____________（witness） the first sunrise of the new millennium（千年）. （3）Many people ____________________________（目睹了那场事故） as it happened during the rush hour. 5 employ vt. 使用；应用；雇用=take on，hire employ sb. to do sth. 雇用某人做某事 employ sb. as sth. 雇用某人当…… be employed in（doing） sth. = employ oneself in（doing） sth.忙于（做）某事，A number of people have been employed to deal with the work. He has been employed in researching the wildlife protection in recent years. 【词语积累】 employee n. 雇员；雇工 employer n. 雇主 employment n. 工作；从业 unemployment n. 失业 单句语法填空 （1）For the past three years he has been employed_______a firefighter. （2）More than 3，000 local workers ______________（employ） in the tourism industry at present. （3）The report examined teaching method ____________（employ） in the classroom （4）Graduates are finding it more and more difficult to find ______________（employ）. 完成句子 （5）She ____________________________　（ 忙于）making a list of all the jobs to be done now. 教材原句p.38 Even the gestures we use for “yes” and “no” differ around the world. 6 differ vi. 相异；不同于 differ from 与……不同/ 有区别（=be different from） differ in 在……方面不同 differ with sb. on/about/over sth. 与某人在某事上持不同看法 Apparently，the twins differ from each other in character. The examples illustrate that the two words differ in meaning. It is not an easy thing to team up with those who differ with you on it. 【词语积累】 different adj. 不同的 differently adv. 不同地 difference n. 区别；不同之处　make a/no difference 有(无)影响 单句语法填空 （1）The two applicants differ ______________ each other in their ability to handle stress. （2）Leaves are found on all kinds of trees，but they differ greatly ________ size and shape. （3）Ignoring the ______________（differ） between the two research findings will be one of the worst mistakes you make. （4）［2017·北京卷］Hannah is one of many examples of young people who are making_______ difference in the world. （5）I have to say I differ ___________ you______ the problem. 教材原句p.39 A smile can break down barriers. 7 break down 消除；分解；打破；（机器等）出故障；失败 It takes a long time to break down prejudices. Food is broken down in the stomach. He had to pause from time to time to wipe the sweat from his forehead，because the air-conditioning system broke down. 【归纳拓展】 break up 解散；破碎；结束 break through 突破；冲破 break in 强行进入；插话 break out（战争、火灾等）爆发 break away（from） 脱离；逃脱 break into 强行进入（某处）；突然（笑、哭） 单句语法填空 （1）Their study in college would break up the next month，so they decided to break ______________ their band. （2）A big fire broke ______________ last night and its cause is being looked into. （3）When he got home，he found his house broken ______________. （4）See，your computer has broken ______________again! It doesn’t make sense to buy the cheapest brand of computer just to save a few dollars. （5）Scientists think they are beginning to break______________ in the fight against cancer. 教材原句p.40 We make assessments and inferences from body language. 8 assessment n. 评价；评定 make an assessment of... 评估...... The applicants will go through written exams and other forms of assessment. 【词语积累】 assess vt. 评估；评价 assess...as 评定……为…… assess...at... 对……估价为…… The committee assesses whether a building is worth preserving. They assessed the value of the car at 60，000 pounds. 单句语法填空 （1）It’s difficult _____________（assess） the effects of these changes. （2）What is your _____________（assess） of the current international situation? （3）Students should _____________（assess） from different aspects. 完成句子 （4）You should __________________________（评估形势） before you put forward a new plan. （5）We should __________________________（对……有正确的评价） historical figures. in other words 换句话说；也就是说 He has achieved his aim. In other words，his ambition has come true. 【归纳拓展】 in a word 总之，简言之 word came that... 有消息说…… have a word with 与……谈话 have words with 与……吵架 keep one’s word 遵守诺言 break one’s word 失信；不守诺言 同义句转换 （1）They asked him to leave；that was to say，he was fired. → They asked him to leave；________________　，he was fired. 完成句子 （2）［词汇复现］___________（ 总之），we must take measures to protect rare animals. 教材原句p.44 People have a tendency to lean towards whatever they are interested in. 9 tendency n. 趋势；倾向 have a tendency to do sth. 倾向于做某事 a tendency to/towards... ……的倾向/ 趋势 Nowadays many people have a tendency to give up smoking due to its bad effects. There is a tendency for unemployment to rise in summer. 【词语积累】 tend vi. 倾向；趋于 vt. 照顾，照料 tend sb. 照顾某人 tend to do sth. 易于做某事，往往会发生某事 tend to/towards... 有……的趋势，倾向于…… Women tend to live longer than men. His views tend towards the extreme. 单句语法填空 （1）I have a tendency ______________（talk） too much when I’m nervous. （2）There is a growing ______________（tend）among employers to hire casual staff. 同义句转换 （3）I tend to make mistakes when I am angry. → I __________________ to make mistakes when I am angry. 教材原句p.44 Of course，not everyone who looks up is paying attention in class. 部分否定 表示全体意义的词（如 all，both，every，everything，everybody，everyone，everywhere 等）与否定副词 not 连用时，表示部分否定，意为“并非都……，并不总是……”。 All the people didn’t arrive on schedule.= Not all the people arrived on schedule. Both of them are not reliable.=Not both of them are reliable. 【学法点拨】 全部否定表达法：表示全部否定意义的词（none，neither，nothing，nobody，never 等）与肯定形式的谓语动词连用。 None of us could persuade him into giving up smoking. Nobody can recognize you in the crowd. 同义句转换 1 All students don’t like the film. →____________________________ like the film. 翻译句子 2 All that glitters is not gold.__________________________________ 3 Not everything goes well. ___________________________ 4 Everyone isn’t fond of cycling to work. _____________________ 完成句子 __________________________________　（并非所有毕业生都能）find a proper job after graduation. 5 Niki is always full of ideas，but __________________（没有一个有 用）to my knowledge. 10 distinguish vi. & vt. 区分；辨别 distinguish（between） A and B　区别/ 辨别A 和B distinguish A from B　区分A 和B；使A 有别于B distinguish oneself by... 靠……使自己有名气 distinguish oneself as 作为....表现突出 We should distinguish between right and wrong. She distinguished herself by her coolness and bravery. It’s hard to distinguish one twin from the other. 【词语积累】distinguished adj. 卓越的；显著的；杰出的 be distinguished for...（= be famous for...）因……而出名 be distinguished as=be famous as 作为....出名 单句语法填空 （1）They can even distinguish their mother’s voice ______________ that of a female stranger. （2）He could not distinguish between cotton______________ wool. （3）As is known to us，Mo Yan is a ______________（distinguish）novelist. 同义句转换 （4）He distinguished himself by winning four prizes. → He ____________________________ winning four prizes. 11 anxiety n. 焦虑，担心 anxiously adv. 焦虑地 with anxiety 焦虑地=anxiously Hearing someone crying for help, Lily break into the locked door with anxiety. 词汇扩展 anxious adj. 焦虑的，担忧的，渴望的 be anxious for/about 为.....担心 be anxious to do 渴望做某事 be anxious that ...(should) do 希望...... 教材原句p.44 They may also hide their faces in their hands like they are embarrassed or ashamed. 12 embarrassed adj. 难堪的；尴尬的 embarrassing adj. 令人尴尬的；令人难堪的 She was embarrassed about that stupid mistake. 【词语积累】 embarrass vt. 使难堪；使尴尬 embarrassment n. 尴尬 to one’s embarrassment 令人尴尬的是 Don’t ask others questions that may embarrass them. It can be embarrassing for children to encounter such incidents. To his embarrassment，he couldn’t answer the simple question. 用embarrass 的适当形式完成句子 （1）Are you trying ____________ me by saying that? （2）She was ____________ about her weight and decided to lose it. (3)The ____________ look on his face suggested he was in an ____________situation. （4）He could not hide his _________________at his children’s rudeness. 13 ashamed adj. 羞愧；惭愧 be ashamed of 为……感到惭愧/ 羞耻（内在） be ashamed to do sth. 耻于做某事；因难为情而不愿做某事 be ashamed for 为....感到羞愧（外在） John felt ashamed after he was teased by some kids. She was deeply ashamed of her behaviour at the party. As a boy，I am ashamed to say that I have a preference for pink. 【词语积累】 （1）shame n. 羞耻；羞愧；［sing.］让人遗憾的事 to one’s shame 令某人惭愧的是 It is a shame that... 真遗憾/ 真可惜…… （2） shameful adj.（行为）可耻的，丢脸的 shameless adj. 无耻的；没廉耻的 完成句子 （1）I think you should __________________（为……感到惭愧）your rudeness. （2）［词汇复现］I _______________________（不好意思承认）that I have a poor appetite. 单句语法填空 （3）Marry felt shamed _______her sister’s impolite words. （4）Jane was ashamed for her ______________（shame） behaviour at the opening ceremony. 教材原句p.44 Some students act this way merely because they are afraid of being called on by the teacher. 14 call on（短暂地）访问；要求（某人讲话等）；号召 Why not call on your sister while you are in Brighton? I now call on/upon the chairman to address the meeting. They call on people and the government to take measures to fight against pollution. 【归纳拓展】 call for 需要（= need）；去接（某人）；公开（要求） call at 拜访某地 call up 打电话；使想起 call back 回电话 call off 取消 call in 召集；召来 辨析填空：call up/call on/call for/call off （1）The smell of the sea ______________memories of her childhood. （2）There is no rush now；the game has been______________. （3）Being a teacher ______________a lot of patience and affection. （4）Please give him a message that I won’t ______________（拜访他） tomorrow. 教材原句p.44 However，if a student does not bother to brush her hair and her eyes are red from weeping... 15 bother vi. & vt. 费心；麻烦；因……操心 n. 麻烦；不便；令人烦恼的情况（或事物、人） bother sb. with sth. 为某事打扰或麻烦某人 bother about/with sth. 为某事烦恼 bother to do/doing sth. 费心做某事 It bothers sb. to do sth./that... 使某人苦恼的是…… have no/much/little bother (in) doing sth. 做某事（不）费力 I don’t want to bother you with my hardship. Why bother to go to Italy and Denmark，when there are so many appealing places here? Does it bother you that she differs with you on that matter? I should have phoned the bakery first and saved myself the bother of going there. 单句语法填空 （1）Around two o’clock every night，Sue will start talking in her dream. It somewhat ______________（bother） us. （2）— You’re lucky that she’s so thoughtful and devoted to you. — In fact，I don’t want to bother her ______________my problems all the time. 完成句子 （3）I’m not thirsty. ____________________________________（请不必费心为我泡茶）. （4）—I’m afraid you have the wrong number. — Sorry! I hope _______________________（我没有打扰到你）. 教材原句p.44 It could be that she is having serious conflicts with other students or at home. 16 conflict n. & vi. 矛盾；冲突；抵触 conflicting adj. 矛盾的 come into conflict with 与……冲突；与……发生争执 in conflict with 与……冲突，与……矛盾 conflict with 与....... 相冲突 Mary often comes into conflict with her boss. If so，your points of view are bound to be in conflict with his. My interest doesn’t conflict with yours. 单句语法填空 （1）My husband and I hold ______________（conflict）opinions on the matter. （2）The UN plays an important role in dealing with some urgent problems，such as armed______________（conflict） and wars in the world. 完成句子 （3）These results ______________（相矛盾）earlier findings. （4）She often ____________________________（与……发生冲突） her mother-in-law. （5）［词汇复现］She found herself ______________（与…… 矛盾） her parents over her future career. 教材原句p.44 Their body language lets me know when to adjust class activities... 17 adjust vt. 调整；调节 vi. & vt. 适应；（使）习惯 adjustable adj. 可调节的；可调整的 adjust...to... 调整……以适应…… adjust to（doing） sth. 适应于；习惯于 For example，the instant you get on the airplane，start adjusting your biological clock to the destination’s time. In the new term，most students adjusted themselves to their new teachers very quickly. 【词语积累】 adjustment n. 调整；调节；（行为、思想的）调整，适应 make an adjustment/adjustments to 对……做出调整 单句语法填空 （1）You can adjust the seat ______________ the height of the child. （2）He had to make a few ______________（adjust）to his original plan. （3）The height of these seats is ______________（adjust）. （4）______________（adjust）to a new environment is more difficult than we expected. 教材原句p.44 Reacting to body language is an important component of being a teacher. 18 react vi.（对……）起反应；回应；(对食物等)有不良反应 react to 对……做出反应 react with 与……发生化学反应 react on/upon 对......起作用 react against对......反抗 People can react badly to some food. This medicine racts on fever well. 【词语积累】 reaction n. 反应 a reaction to... 对……的反应 （1）［词汇复现］What was the ______________（react）of the public to the assessment? （2）How did he react ______________ the news? 19 教材原句p.44 People have a tendency to lean towards whatever they are interested in. 人们在对某个事物感兴趣时，往往会身体前倾。 Whatever it is，I know I need to inquire and assess what is going on. 不管是什么，我知道我必须去探个究竟，搞明白发生了什么事情。 【句式分析】在第一个句子中，“whatever they are interested in”是whatever 引导的宾语从句，whatever 相当于anything that；在第二个句子中，“Whatever it is”是whatever 引导的让步状语从句，whatever 相当于no matter what。 【归纳拓展】 （1）与whatever 具有类似用法的还有： whoever = anyone who（名词性从句） whoever = no matter who（让步状语从句） whichever = the one that（名词性从句） whichever = no matter which（让步状语从句） The gold medal will be awarded to whoever/anyone who wins the first place in the bicycle race. Whoever comes on time, I will offer a praise. Choose whichever/the one that you like best. Whichever/No matter which they choose，we must accept their gifts. （ 2）no matter when/where/how = whenever/wherever/however，引导让步状语从句。 Wherever you go, whatever you do, I will be right here waiting for you. However hard the task is, we must try our best to complete it. 同义句转换 （1）Tom’s dad told him he could have whatever he wanted for his birthday. → Tom’s dad told him he could have ______________ he wanted for his birthday. （2）Whatever decision he made，I would support it. →____________________________ decision he made，I would support it. （3）Whoever breaks the law will be punished. →______________ breaks the law will be punished. 完成句子 （4）___________________________________（无论多么难）the problem is，we must work it out. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$