10.Unit 3 Using language-【上好课】2024-2025学年高二英语同步精品课堂(外研版2019选择性必修第一册)

Unit 3 Faster,higher,stronger Using language 一、单词拼写 1．Compared with running fast, j is a mild process(温和的) that helps people take in enough oxygen so it’s good for people of all ages. 2．B economic growth is one of the government’s goals at the moment. 3．E (=assess) different marketing strategies is essential for determining the best approach for our product launch. 4．A for a key university is every student’s dream. 5．A yourself to acquiring something novel requires drive and determination. 6．S the Internet is fun, but it’s also a time waster. 7．Actually, e difficulties while you’re pursuing your dream means that you’re on the right track. 8．E yourself to English as much as possible is a way of learning it well. 9．D your feet till deadline when you should submit your report on time is definitely not a good way to ensure your work quality. 10．It’s not worth b with an umbrella--the car’s just outside. (to spend time and /or energy doing something) 11．Alicia thinks that w coconut in plastic can prevent their hairs from getting into other products and help they last longer. 12．His language is v and amusing, which is the reason why his works are deeply loved by readers. 13．“No p on the sideway!” must be in every driver’s mind forever. 14．When you are having an interview, c the interviewers of your enthusiasm for the job will be of benefit to you. 15．China has made r achievements in terms of how many people have been lifted out of poverty. 16．S breakfast often has a negative effect on your health. 17．M a foreign language is of great importance to our future. 18．You should remember that you are not allowed to c at the exam. 19．M English means we can see the world through a new window. 20．Mike was caught c in the final exam and got severely punished. 21．S yourself with motivated people helps you a lot in your personal growth. 22．Tan Dun’s musical works are r combinations of Chinese music and sounds from all over the world. 23．He c in the exam, which resulted in his failure to get the degree. 24．One of the popular ways people now enjoy their leisure time is to do y . (a system of exercises for your body and for controlling our breathing, used by people who want to become fitter or to relax) 25．Most people think that s meals will be a simple way to lose weight. 26．R the truth is the basic requirement and highest ideal of journalists, but in reality some of them choose to hide the fact under the pressure of interest groups. 27．Stephen Curry has made a r career in basketball. 28．E yourself to the sunlight for too long will be harmful to your skin. 29．Students may be tempted to c (to act dishonestly) in order to get into top schools. 30．D blood is a simple thing to do, but it can make a big difference in the lives of others. 31．C the fear and concentrating on what you are doing—that’s where the biggest joy comes from. 32．He was caught c in the final exam and felt awfully ashamed of it. 33．If you are found c in the exam, all your academic grades for the semester will be canceled. 34．Beethoven is a truly r musician. 35．S into the habit of surfing the Internet was easy, but it was difficult to quit the habit. 36．D what has been taught in time allows students to learn more efficiently. 37．Armed with this knowledge, they’re able to carry out individually targeted campaigns to c people. 38．T care of yourself is looking after others. 39．You’re not allowed to look at others’ answers — that’s c . 40．A (to recognize the good qualities of) one’s own cultural heritage is very important for understanding oneself. 二、根据汉语提示完成句子 41．Even as a six-year-old girl I realized that (知道怎样阅读) classics could open many doors. 42． (放弃) is not a wise way to face failure. (give) 43．We know (认输，承认错误) is not easy for us, but sometimes it’s necessary. 44． (汤姆拒绝) to accept the invitation upset me. 45．It is (抱怨没用) the service of the restaurant. (提示词：c～) 46． (表演者试演新角色) satisfied the director. 47． (在中国学习) is much more convenient and can help save money. 48． (探究问题) will help you to learn about the topic further. 49． (保持健康) is a great way to improve your mood and overall health. There are various exercises that can be done to also improve your appearance. 50． (用动物做实验) causes sufferings. 51． (适应) the tropical heat was more difficult than they had expected. 52．Under any circumstances, (对……残忍) animals is unacceptable. 53．It’s a lot of trouble, isn’t it, (分类你的垃圾) and putting it into the different places? 54．Having to school everyday and (必须通过考试) sound bit too much for her. 55．Never (放弃) is the key to making our dreams come true. 56． (照顾) our parents is one of our responsibilities. 57． (浏览因特网) is what many people like doing at home nowadays. 58．Too much companionship from teachers may (阻止孩子独立). 59． (从事；参与) voluntary work is good for your health. 60．However, (谋生) is by no means the only reason why we work — there are other important reasons that motivate us to enter the world of work. 三、阅读理解 1 Cassius Marcellus Clay was born on January 17th, 1942 in Louisville, Kentucky. In his younger years he had no interest in sports until an accident happened. When Cassius was 12, his new bike was missing. Reporting the theft to Policeman Joe Martin, he said that he was going to beat whoever had taken his bike. Martin, who had been coaching youth boxing for decades, asked the boy, “Do you know how to fight?" When Cassius admitted that he didn't, the officer suggested, "You'd better learn! It was the beginning of his boxing career. Cassius devoted himself to boxing training. Although he wasn't very talented in boxing, he worked harder than anyone else in the gym. He'd rush to the gym every day as soon as school was over and would even train on Saturdays. Outside of the gym, Cassius stayed away from anything that would influence his training. He was showing the kind of determination and discipline that other boxers didn't have. Under the guidance of Martin and his friend, young Clay began winning games one after another. By the age of 18 he had won 108 games, 6 Kentucky Golden Gloves championships and 2 national AAU titles. Today he is recognized as the greatest athlete of modern times. He always carried a self confidence and believed in his ability that he can put his competitors off guard before the first round bell had even sounded. 61．How did Cassius feel when he told the policeman his bike was stolen? A．Disappointed. B．Confused. C．Amazed. D．Angry. 62．What did Martin do with young Cassius? A．He asked Cassius to train hard. B．He helped Cassius to find his bike. C．He advised Cassius to learn boxing. D．He introduced Cassius to an boxing coach. 63．Which can be used to describe Cassius? A．Bad-tempered. B．Easy-going. C．Cold-hearted. D．Hard-working. 64．Why did the author mention some figures in Paragraph 4? A．To show Cassius' achievements. B．To express Cassius' determination. C．To express his admiration to Cassius. D．To show the importance of hard work. 2 The trophy (奖杯) saw its young host at USTA Billie Jean King National Tennis Center after tough matches between Emma Raducanu of the Great Britain and Leylah Fernandez of Canada in the women’s singles final on Day 13 of US Open tennis tournament, and it was the British player that finally reached her time of honor. From complete unknown to global superstar, she becomes the youngest Grand Slam (大满贯) singles champion at only 18 after this Game. “A star is born,” tennis legend Martina Navratilova said. “Emma makes history and she is just getting started.” Even the Queen Elizabeth sent congratulations to Emma. “I send my congratulations to you on your success in winning the United States Open Tennis Championships. It is a remarkable achievement at such a young age, and is testament to your hard work and dedication. I have no doubt your outstanding performance, and that of your opponent Leylah Fernandez, will inspire the next generation of tennis players. I send my warmest good wishes to you and your family.” — Elizabeth Hours after Emma had won the Game, she found time to send a message to her fans in China in fluent Mandarin. “Hi, everyone,” she said in a video posting. “I want to say thank you to you guys and I hope you could enjoy my tennis. I am excited to win. Love you all.” Emma was born in Canada before moving to the UK at the age of two. She is an only child, educated at Newstead Wood School, a grammar school in nearby Orpington, where former pupils include the world champion runner Dina Asher-Smith. “The school sent out many good athletes,” said Emma, praising on the school for giving her the freedom to study and play tennis. 65．What do we know about the winner of the Game? A．She used to be a super star in history. B．She first became a tennis player at 18. C．She lost some matches before the Game. D．She was a young champion for her age. 66．What message did the Queen convey in her letter? A．Emma and Leylah were both excellent. B．Her family contributed a lot to her success. C．Emma won the match as an American player. D．Young tennis players would win at a young age. 67．Which is the most important factor of Emma’s success in tennis? A．Her fans in China. B．Her nationality. C．Her school environment. D．Her childhood as an only child. 68．What is the best title for the text? A．A Letter from the Queen B．A Tennis Talent’s Story C．The Youngest Tennis Champion D．A Famous Grammar School 四、语法填空 1 69 (find) a job takes specific skills. 70 (take) the following advice will help you find a job. First, 71 (write) a good resume (简历) is very important. Describe your accomplishments. It’s no use 72 (include) unnecessary information. Second, 73 (practise) the interview is of equal importance. The more prepared you are, the more relaxed you will feel. Third, 74 (learn) something about the company 75 of great importance. 76 (look) for information takes time, but it pays off. 2 Stephen is a famous basketball player. It was self-belief, hard work and perseverance 77 made him a success. Stephen’s grandfather built a simple basket by 78 (attach) a piece of plastic to a telephone pole along a narrow muddy road different from the bright lights and shiny courts of the National Basketball Association(NBA). The bumps and rocks caused the ball to bounce in all 79 (direct). 80 (know) where the ball would go wasn’t very easy. However, Stephen improved his skills by practicing day in and day out. Many people thought Stephen was too short, too thin and too weak to start his career. But he regarded playing basketball as his dream. He would not give up. He finally ended up 81 (play)college ball at Davidson College, 82 his creativity and perseverance made him a star player. In 2009, 83 (select)for the NBA, Stephen joined the Golden State Warriors. In 2015, Stephen won his first NBA championship and he led the Warriors to their first championship since 1975. In addition, he received the Most Valuable Player award for two years 84 a row. Stephen shared his philosophy: be yourself, value the fact that you can work every single day to get 85 (good), and be able to put in the time and the work. His success 86 (show)that nothing is impossible. 参考答案 一、 1．jogging 【解析】考查名词。句意：与快速跑步相比，慢跑是一个温和的过程，可以帮助人们摄入足够的氧气，因此对所有年龄段的人都有好处。根据首字母以及“a mild process(温和的)”可知，慢跑是一种温和的运动方式。jog为动词“慢跑”，空处需要名词作主语。故填jogging。 2．Boosting/oosting 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：促进经济增长是政府目前的目标之一。根据下文“economic growth is one of the government’s goals at the moment(……经济增长是政府目前的目标之一)”可推理出空白处应填表示“促进”含义的表达，表示该含义的词为：boost，因空白处在句子中做主语，使用动名词，故填Boosting。 3．Evaluating/valuating 【解析】考查动名词。句意：评估不同的营销策略对于确定我们产品发布的最佳途径至关重要。根据提示词以及首字母可知，空处填动名词evaluating做主语。置于句首，首字母大写。故填Evaluating。 4．Applying/pplying 【解析】考查动名词和短语。句意：申请上一所重点大学是每个学生的梦想。短语apply for，译为“申请”，符合句意，作主语，应用动名词形式，句首单词首字母大写，故填Applying。 5．Applying/pplying 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：想要获得新的东西需要动力和决心。分析句子，句中requires为谓语动词，设空处使用非谓语动词。此处使用动名词作主语，表示“专心致志于”用apply oneself to。同时该空置于句首，首字母大写。故填Applying。 6．Surfing/urfing 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：上网很有意思，但也很浪费时间。surf the Internet “上网，网上冲浪”作主语应用动名词形式。句首单词首字母要大写。故填Surfing。 7．encountering/ncountering 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：事实上，在追求梦想的过程中遇到困难意味着你走在正确的道路上。结合句意和首字母应填encounter意为“遭遇”，再分析句子结构可知，本句已有谓语动词means，所以encounter应该用非谓语动词形式，本句缺少主语，所以应该用动名词形式做主语。故填encountering。 8．Exposing/xposing 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：尽可能多地接触英语是一种学好英语的方法。根据单词首字母以及句意“接触”可知，空格处涉及单词“expose”，意为“暴露，使接触”，“expose sb. to sth.”意为“让某人接触某物”，句中有系动词“is”且句中无连词，空格处应用非谓语动词，分析句子可知，句中应用动名词作主语，“expose”的动名词为“exposing”，句首单词首字母大写。故填Exposing。 9．Dragging/ragging 【解析】考查动词。句意：拖延到最后期限，而不是按时提交报告，绝对不是保障工作质量的好的方式。根据句意及首字母提示可知，此处使用动词drag“拖延”，构成固定搭配drag one’s feet意为“拖延，延误”，作主语，应用动名词。故填Dragging。 10．bothering/othering 【解析】考查动名词。句意：不必打伞——汽车就停在外面。根据句意和所给首字母b分析句子可知，空格处应该填入一个动词，且意义为“花费时间或精力”，所以应该用动词bother；再由形式主语it和空格前的worth可知，bother应该用动名词形式bothering作主语。故填bothering。 11．wrapping/rapping 【解析】考查动名词。句意：Alicia认为用塑料包裹椰子可以防止它们的毛状物进入其他产品中，并有助于它们的寿命更长。根据首字母和句意，wrap意为“包裹”，分析句子结构可知，空格处在宾语从句中充当主语，应使用动词的动名词形式，故填wrapping。 12．vivid/ivid 【解析】考查形容词。句意：他的语言生动有趣，这是他的作品深受读者喜爱的原因。由“and amusing, which is the reason why his works are deeply loved by readers”可知，句子表示“他的语言生动有趣，这是他的作品深受读者喜爱的原因”，空格处意为“生动的”，空格处用形容词作表语，由首字母提示v可知，是vivid。故填vivid。 13．parking/arking 【解析】考查动名词。句意：“禁止在路边停车！”必须永远在每个司机的脑海中。根据“in every driver’s mind forever”可知，每个司机都要记住“禁止路边停车”。No parking“禁止停车”。该结构常用在布告形式的省略结构中，其完整形式为“No smoking is allowed (here)”，动名词做主语。故填parking。 14．conveying/onveying 【解析】考查动词。句意：当你在面试时，向面试官表达你对工作的热情将对你有益。根据单词首字母和句意“传达，表达”以及句子结构可知，此处应用动词convey，作主语，应用动名词。故填conveying。 15．remarkable/emarkable 【解析】考查形容词。句意：就有多少人摆脱贫困而言，中国取得了显著成就。结合上下文和所给提示字母可知，本空填形容词remarkable做achievements的定语。故填remarkable。 16．Skipping/kipping 【解析】考查动名词。句意：不吃早餐通常会对你的健康产生负面影响。分析句子可知空格处缺少动名词skipping作主语，skip意为“跳过”，skip breakfast意为“不吃早饭”符合题意。放在句首，首字母大写。故填Skipping。 17．Mastering/astering 【解析】考查动词。句意：掌握一门外语对我们的未来很重要。根据句意及首字母提示可知，此处使用动词master“掌握”，作主语，应用动名词形式，位于句首，首字母大写。故填Mastering。 18．cheat/heat 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：你应该记住，你不被允许在考试中作弊。根据上文“you are not allowed (你不被允许)”以及下文“at the exam (在考试中)”可知空白处应填表示“作弊”含义的动词，根据首字母提示，以c开头且表示“作弊”含义的动词为：cheat，分析句子结构，本句使用了动词不定式作主语补足语，根据空白处前面的动词不定式符号to可知空白处应填动词原形，故填cheat。 19．Mastering/astering 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：精通英语意味着我们可以通过一扇新的窗口看世界。根据单词首字母以及句意“精通”可知，应填动词master，此处用动名词作主语。句首单词首字母大写。故填Mastering。 20．cheating/heating 【解析】考查动词。句意：Mike被发现在期末考试作弊，得到了严重的惩罚。根据句意和首字母提示可知，动词cheat“作弊”符合题意；cheat和主语Mike之间是逻辑主动关系，且表动作当时正在进行，应用现在分词作主补，sb. be caught doing sth.“某人被发现正在做某事”。故填cheating。 【点睛】 21．Surrounding/urrounding 【解析】考查动名词。句意：和积极向上的人在一起对你的个人成长有很大帮助。根据首字母提示及句意可知，空处缺主语，surround作动词，表示“包围，围绕”，surround oneself with sb表示“和某人结交”，空处作主语，故用动名词。故填Surrounding。 22．remarkable/emarkable 【解析】考查形容词。句意：谭盾的音乐作品是中国音乐与世界各地声音的非凡的结合。分析句子结构可知，此处应为形容词作定语修饰名词combination，根据句意和提示的首字母可知，此处应为remarkable意为“非凡的”符合句意。故填remarkable。 23．cheated/heated 【解析】考查动词和时态。句意：他考试作弊，结果没有拿到学位。空处在主句中作谓语，根据句意和首字母可知，此处表示“作弊”应用动词cheat，由定语从句谓语动词resulted和句意可知，应用一般过去时，故填cheated。 24．yoga/oga 【解析】考查名词。句意：现在人们享受休闲时间的一种流行方式是做瑜伽。根据首字母和英语提示可知，用名词yoga作宾语，意为“瑜伽”，为不可数名词。故填yoga。 25．skipping/kipping 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：大多数人认为不吃饭是一种简单的减肥方法。分析句子，表示“不吃饭”用skip meals动词短语，句中will be为谓语，设空处使用非谓语动词，此处使用动名词作主语。故填skipping。 26．Revealing/evealing 【解析】考查动词。句意：揭露事实是新闻工作者的基本要求和最高理想，但在现实中，一些新闻工作者迫于利益集团的压力，选择隐瞒事实。根据单词首字母以及句意可知应填动词reveal，作主语且陈述一般情况，用动名词形式。首字母大写。故填Revealing。 27．remarkable/emarkable 【解析】考查形容词。句意：斯蒂芬•库里在篮球方面有着非凡的职业生涯。分析句子结构可知，设空处缺少形容词修饰名词career，根据首字母提示及句意可知，形容词remarkable符合题意。故填remarkable。 28．Exposing/xposing 【解析】考查动词。句意：把自己暴露在阳光下太久对你的皮肤有害。根据单词首字母以及句意可知，此处应用动词expose，作主语，应用动名词，位于句首，首字母大写。故填Exposing。 29．cheat/heat 【解析】考查动词。句意：为了进入顶尖的学校，学生们可能会想作弊。根据to act dishonestly“不诚实行事”可知，此处使用动词cheat“作弊”，位于不定式符号to后，用动词原形。故填cheat。 30．Donating/onating 【解析】考查动词。句意：献血是一个简单的行为，却对他人的人生带来巨大不同。根据首字母和句意可知，动词donate“捐献”符合题意，此处作主语，应用其动名词形式。故填Donating。 31．Conquering/onquering 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：克服恐惧，专注于你正在做的事情，这就是最大的快乐来源。根据单词首字母以及句意“克服”可知，空格处涉及单词“conquer”，意为“克服”，动词词性，根据句中“concentrating”可知，空格处应用“conquer”的动名词“conquering”作主语，句首单词首字母大写。故填Conquering。 32．cheating/heating 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：他期末考试作弊被抓住了，感到非常羞愧。be caught doing sth为固定短语，意为“被抓住正在做某事”，表示“作弊”用cheat。故填cheating。 33．cheating/heating 【解析】考查动词及非谓语动词用法。句意：如果你被发现在考试中作弊，你这学期的所有成绩将被取消。根据后面的主句表示的“本学期所有成绩都被取消”可推测这应该是针对作弊的处理办法，结合首字母c可知，动词cheat意为“作弊，欺骗”符合题意，在从句中作主语补足语，与主语主动关系，应使用现在分词形式。find somebody doing意为“发现某人正在做某事”其被动语态be found doing。故填cheating。 34．remarkable/emarkable 【解析】考查形容词。句意：贝多芬是一位真正了不起的音乐家。 根据所给首字母r和空格后的名词以及句意可知，空格处应该填入一个形容词且意义为“了不起的”。故填remarkable。 35．Slipping/lipping 【解析】考查动名词。句意：上网成瘾很容易，但戒掉这个习惯却很难。根据“into the habit of surfing the Internet was easy”可知，空白处应填入动名词作主语。根据下文“it was difficult to quit the habit(戒掉这个习惯却很难)”可推理出空白处应填表示“沉迷于”含义的动词，根据首字母提示，以字母s开头且表示“沉迷于”含义的动词为：slip into，其动名词形式为slipping，故填Slipping。 36．Demonstrating/emonstrating 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：及时演示所教内容可以让学生更有效地学习。根据句意以及首字母提示，空处应用动词demonstrate，表示“演示”，使用动名词形式置于句首，作句子主语，首字母大写。故填Demonstrating。 37．cheat/heat 【解析】考查动词。句意：有了这种知识，他们就能开展针对个体的活动来欺骗人们。根据“carry out individually targeted campaigns”和首字母提示可推知，空处应用动词cheat，意为“欺骗”，表示用针对个体的活动欺骗人们，且空前有to，是不定式作目的状语，cheat用原形。故填cheat。 38．Taking/aking 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：照顾好你自己就是对别人最好的照顾。take care of照顾……，分析句子可知，此处应是动名词短语作主语，所以此处应用taking，且位于句首，首字母要大写。故填Taking。 39．cheating/heating 【解析】考查动名词。句意：你不能看别人答案，那是作弊。根据首字母和“look at others’ answers”可知，此处使用动词cheat“作弊”，此处作表语，应用动名词形式。故填cheating。 40．Appreciating/ppreciating 【解析】考查动词。句意：欣赏自己的文化遗产对于了解自己非常重要。根据单词首字母以及英文提示可知应用动词appreciate，此处作主语，应用动名词形式，首字母大写。故填Appreciating。 二、 41． knowing how to read 【解析】考查动词及疑问词加不定式。句意：当我还是一个六岁的小女孩时，我就意识到懂得如何阅读经典作品可以打开许多扇门。根据汉语提示可知，“知道”译为know，作宾语从句的主语，应用动名词形式，“怎样阅读”使用疑问词加不定式，译为how to read。故填①knowing；②how；③to；④read。 42．Giving up 【解析】考查动词短语。句意： 放弃不是面对失败的明智方式。根据汉语提示可知，此处使用动词短语give up，作主语，应用动名词，句首单词的首字母应大写。故填Giving up。 43． backing down 【解析】考查固定短语和动名词。句意：我们知道认输对我们来说并不容易，但有时这是必要的。“认输；承认错误”翻译为back down；分析句子可知，空格处是宾语从句的主语，back down是动词短语，所以应该用动名词作主语。故填backing down。 44．Tom’s refusing 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：汤姆拒绝接受邀请这件事让我不高兴。分析句子，这里需要一个动名词作主语，Tom’s refusing…为动名词复合结构作主语。故答案是Tom’s refusing。 45．useless complaining about/no use complaining about/no good complaining about 【解析】考查固定短语、非谓语动词、动词短语。句意：抱怨餐厅的服务是没用的。根据提示词以及汉语提示，以字母c开头且表示“抱怨”含义的动词短语为：complain about；表示“做……是没有用的”含义的固定短语为：It is useless/no use/no good doing sth，所以动词complain应使用动名词形式，故填useless/ no use/no good complaining about。 46．The performer’s trying out the new role 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：演员对新角色的试演使导演感到满意。结合汉语提示，分析译文可知，“试演新角色”是句子主语，可用动名词短语trying out the new role表示，“表演者”是这一动作的逻辑主语，可处理为名词所有格the performer’s，作定语。故填The performer’s trying out the new role。 47．Studying in China 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：在中国学习更方便，也可以节省开支。表示“在中国学习”含义的表达为study in China，因空白处在句子中作主语，使用动名词，句首单词首字母大写，故填Studying in China。 48．Working out the questions 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：探究这些问题将帮助你进一步了解这个话题。“探究”译为固定搭配work out，分析句子成分可知，应为doing形式作主语。“问题”译为the questions，表示特指“这些问题”，故用复数。故填Working out the questions。 49． Keeping/Staying fit/healthy 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：保持健康是改善心情和整体健康的好方法。有各种各样可以做的练习，也可以改善你的外表。“保持”keep/stay，后接形容词“健康的”fit/healthy，构成系表结构，使用动名词形式keeping/staying作句子主语，置于句首，首字母大写。故填①Keeping/Staying，②fit/healthy。 50．Experimenting on animals 【解析】考查固定短语。句意：在动物身上做实验会带来痛苦。结合提示可知“在……做实验”短语为experiment on，后跟复数名词animals作宾语。作主语应用动名词形式，首字母要大写。故填Experimenting on animals。 51．Adjusting to 【解析】考查动名词。句意：适应热带地区的炎热比预期的更困难。根据汉语提示可知，adjust to“适应”，动词短语，符合题意；分析句子结构可知，空处需用动名词作主语。注意大写开头。故填Adjusting to。 52． being cruel to 【解析】考查非谓语动词和短语。句意：在任何情况下，虐待动物都是不可接受的。表示“对……残忍”用be cruel to，分析句子可知，此处为动名词作主语。故填①being②cruel③to。 53．sorting out your rubbish 【解析】考查非谓语动词和固定搭配。句意：把你的垃圾分类并放在不同的地方，这很麻烦，不是吗？表示“分类”应用固定搭配sort out，此处和putting并列，需填动名词形式；表示“你的垃圾”应用your rubbish。故填sorting out your rubbish。 54．having to pass exams 【解析】考查动词短语。句意：每天都要上学，还必须通过考试，这对她来说有点太过分了。表示“必须通过考试”为动词短语have to pass exams，have to do sth表示“必须做某事”，根据句子结构和前文Having to school everyday可知，应用动名词形式和前文并列作主语。故填having to pass exams。 55． giving up 【解析】考查动词短语和动名词作主语。句意：永不放弃是实现梦想的关键。根据所给出的汉语提示可知，应是动词短语“give up”，在句中作主语，用动名词形式。故填①giving；②up。 56．Taking care of 【解析】考查非谓语动词和动词短语。句意：照顾我们的父母是我们的职责之一。分析可知，设空处作句子主语，应用动名词形式，“照顾”是动词短语take care of，位于句首首字母大写。故填Taking care of。 57． Surfing the Internet 【解析】考查动名词短语。句意：上网是现在许多人喜欢在家里做的事情。根据汉语意思提示以及句子结构可知，此处为动名词短语Surfing the Internet“浏览因特网”作句子的主语，满足句意要求。故分别填Surfing；the；Internet。 58． prevent/stop/keep children from being independent 【解析】考查动词短语及形容词。句意：老师太多的陪伴可能会阻止孩子独立。根据汉语提示可知，此处使用固定搭配prevent/stop/keep sb. from doing sth.，意为“阻止某人做某事”，情态动词后接动词原形，“孩子”译为children，“独立”译为be independent，作介词宾语，应用动名词形式。故填①prevent/stop/keep；②children；③from；④being；⑤independent。 59．Engaging in/Getting involved in 【解析】考查固定短语。句意：参与志愿者活动对你的健康有益。根据汉语提示可知为短语engage in/get involved in，作主语应用动名词形式。句首单词首字母要大写。故填Engaging in/Getting involved in。 60．making a living 【解析】考查动词短语。句意：然而，谋生绝不是我们工作的唯一原因——还有其他重要的原因促使我们进入工作的世界。根据汉语提示可知短语为make a living，作句子主语应用动名词形式。故填making a living。 三、 1 61．D 62．C 63．D 64．A 【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了卡修斯·马塞勒斯·克莱成为伟大的拳击运动员的故事。 61．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Reporting the theft to Policeman Joe Martin, he said that he was going to beat whoever had taken his bike.（他把失窃的事报告给警察乔·马丁，说他要揍那个偷他自行车的人。）”可知，Cassius告诉警察时想要打偷自行车的人，说明他很生气。故选D。 62．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Martin, who had been coaching youth boxing for decades, asked the boy, “Do you know how to fight?" When Cassius admitted that he didn't, the officer suggested, "You'd better learn!（马丁做了几十年的青年拳击教练，他问这个男孩:“你知道怎么打吗?”当卡修斯承认他不知道时，警官建议说:“你最好学学!”）”可知，Martin建议Cassius去学习拳击。故选C。 63．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Although he wasn't very talented in boxing, he worked harder than anyone else in the gym.（虽然他在拳击方面不是很有天赋，但他在体育馆里比任何人都努力。）”可知，Cassius是努力的，勤勉的。故选D。 64．推理判断题。根据文章第四段“By the age of 18 he had won 108 games, 6 Kentucky Golden Gloves championships and 2 national AAU titles.（18岁时，他赢得了108场比赛，6次肯塔基金手套冠军和2次全国AAU冠军。）”可知，第四段的这些数字都在展示Cassius的成就。故选A。 2 65．D 66．A 67．C 68．C 【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了网球冠军Emma虽然只有18岁，但是成为最年轻的大满贯单打冠军。 【解析】1.细节理解题。根据第二段“she becomes the youngest Grand Slam (大满贯) singles champion at only 18 after this Game.”(在这场比赛后，她成为最年轻的大满贯单打冠军，只有18岁。)可知，关于这场比赛的冠军，我们可以知道的是，Emma只有18岁，但她是一个年轻的冠军，故选D。 2.细节理解题。根据第三段“I have no doubt your outstanding performance, and that of your opponent Leylah Fernandez, will inspire the next generation of tennis players”(我毫不怀疑你和你的对手Leylah Fernandez的出色表现将激励下一代网球运动员。)可知，女王在她的信中说Emma和Leylah都很优秀，故选A。 3.细节理解题。根据最后一段““The school sent out many good athletes,” said Emma, praising on the school for giving her the freedom to study and play tennis.”(Emma说，“学校派出了许多优秀的运动员,”她赞扬学校给予她学习和打网球的自由。)可知，Emma网球成功的最主要因素是她学校的环境，故选C。 4.主旨大意题。根据全文可知，文章主要介绍了网球冠军Emma虽然只有18岁，但是成为最年轻的大满贯单打冠军。所以C选项“The Youngest Tennis Champion”(最年轻的网球冠军)符合，故选C。 四、 1 69．Finding 70．Taking 71．writing 72．including 73．practising 74．learning 75．is 76．Looking 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍关于找工作的一些建议。 69．考查动名词。句意：找工作需要特殊的技能。设空处应用动名词作主语，表示通常的情况，句首单词首字母大写，故填Finding。 70．考查动名词。句意：采纳以下建议将有助于你找到工作。设空处应用动名词作主语，表示通常的情况，句首单词首字母大写，故填Taking。 71．考查动名词。句意：首先，写一份好的简历非常重要。设空处应用动名词作主语，表示通常的情况，故填writing。 72．考查动名词和固定搭配。句意：包含不必要的信息是没有用的。It’s no use doing，意为“做……是没有用的”符合句意，故填including。 73．考查动名词。句意：第二，练习面试也同样重要。设空处应用动名词作主语，表示通常的情况，故填practising。 74．考查动名词。句意：第三，了解公司是非常重要的。设空处应用动名词作主语，表示通常的情况，故填learning。 75．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：同上。设空处为谓语，描述一般事实，应用一般现在时，主语是动名词，谓语用第三人称单数，故填is。 76．考查动名词。句意：寻找信息需要时间，但这是值得的。设空处应用动名词作主语，表示通常的情况，句首单词首字母大写，故填Looking。 2 77．that 78．attaching 79．directions 80．Knowing 81．playing 82．where 83．selected 84．in 85．better 86．has shown 【解析】这是一篇记叙文。介绍了一位著名的篮球运动员——斯蒂芬。 77．考查强调句型。句意：是自信、勤奋和毅力使他获得了成功。分析可知，此处为强调句型：It be+被强调部分+who（强调人是可用）/that+其它，本句强调部分self-belief, hard work and perseverance是事物。故填that。 78．考查非谓语动词。句意：斯蒂芬的祖父在一条狭窄的泥泞道路上把一块塑料绑在一根电话线杆上，做了一个简单的篮子，这与美国国家篮球协会(NBA)明亮的灯光和闪亮的球场不同。根据前文介词by可知，此处应用动名词作介词宾语。故填attaching。 79．考查名词的数。句意：颠簸和岩石使球向四面八方弹跳。根据前文in all可知，此处应用direct的可数名词复数形式directions作介词宾语，符合句意。故填directions。 80．考查非谓语动词。句意：知道球的去向并不容易。分析可知，此处应用动名词作主语。句首字母大写，故填Knowing。 81．考查非谓语动词。句意：他最终在戴维森学院打球，在那里他的创造力和毅力使他成为了一名明星球员。分析可知，此处为非谓语，动词play和主语之间是主动关系，故用其现在分词作状语。故填playing。 82．考查定语从句。句意：他最终在戴维森学院打球，在那里他的创造力和毅力使他成为了一名明星球员。分析句子可知，逗号后为非限制性定语从句，先行词为Davidson College，从句中结构完整，关系副词where引导从句，在从句中作地点状语。故填where。 83．考查非谓语动词。句意：2009年，斯蒂芬入选NBA，加盟金州勇士队。分析可知，此处为非谓语，动词select和主语之间是被动关系，故用其过去分词作状语。故填selected。 84．考查介词。句意：此外，他还连续两年获得最有价值球员奖。介词短语in a row“连续”是固定短语。故填in。 85．考查形容词比较级。句意：斯蒂芬分享了他的人生哲学：做你自己，珍惜你可以每天努力变得更好的事实，并且能够投入时间和工作。根据句意以及前文系动词get可知，此处应用good的比较级作表语。故填better。 86．考查动词时态。句意：他的成功表明没有什么是不可能的。根据句意以及后文is可知，此处应用现在完成时，表示过去的动作对现在的影响。主语His success为第三人称单数，故填has shown。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$Unit 3 Faster, higher, stronger Using language 外研版2019必修第一册 动词-ing形式作主语 一、动词-ing形式的特点 1.既有动词的特征,也有名词的特征; 2.动词-ing形式由“动词原形+-ing”构成,其否定形式为“not+动词-ing形式”; 3.动词-ing形式在句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语等,但不能作谓语。 二、动词-ing形式的时态语态 类别 时态形式 语态形式 主动 被动 v.-ing 一般式 doing being done 完成式 having done having been done 三、动词-ing形式作主语的用法 1.意义:动词-ing形式作主语时,往往表示经常性、习惯性的动作或状态,且作主语时谓语动词用单数形式。 Going to Hangzhou by train takes about 16 hours from here. 这儿乘火车到杭州大约要花费16个小时。 Being praised by his teachers made him regain the confidence. 被老师表扬使他重获自信。 Having seen so much in the war has made him more thoughtful. 在战争中看到了这么多让他更加深思熟虑。 Having been misunderstood by her boyfriend made her very sad. 被她男朋友误会,她很伤心。 2.位置:动词-ing形式作主语时,可位于句首或句末,动词-ing形式位于句末时要用it作形式主语。 此类句式常见的有: It is a waste of time trying to persuade such a person. 试图说服这种人是浪费时间。 It is worthwhile pointing out that heating may bring about certain change in the structure.值得指出的是,加热可能会使结构发生某种变化。 I think it is no good reading in bed. 我认为在床上看书没有好处。 3.逻辑主语:动词-ing形式作主语时,如果要突出动作的执行者,要在其前面加上所表动作的逻辑主语,这就构成了动词-ing形式的复合结构。形式如下: ①形容词性物主代词+动词-ing形式 ②名词所有格+动词-ing形式 Their coming to help was a great encouragement to us. 他们前来帮忙对我们来说是巨大的鼓舞。 Mike’s returning to work is a great help to us. 迈克回来工作对我们来说是巨大的帮助。 【知识微练】 (1)用所给词的适当形式填空 ①It is a waste of time _______(go)to the doctor with most mild complaints. ②It is worthwhile _________(read) such a wonderful novel. ③It’s no use _____________(complain) without taking action. ④_________(waste) a person’s time is the same as killing him for his property. ⑤Climbing mountains ___ (be) really difficult for the old. going reading complaining Wasting is (2)用动词-ing形式的复合结构补全句子 ①___________________made him worried.  他父亲病了,使他很担心。 ②________________doesn’t necessarily mean my being wrong.  你正确未必就意味着我错了。 His father’s being ill Your being right 四、动词-ing形式和不定式作主语的区别 动词-ing形式作主语表示一般的、非一次的、抽象的、泛指的动作;不定式作主语常表示具体的、某一次的、特定的动作。 Swimming is one of my favourite sports. 游泳是我喜爱的运动之一。(泛指) To swim in this lake is very dangerous. 在这个湖里游泳很危险。(特指) 【要点提示】用动词-ing形式或不定式作主语时,要注意主语和表语的一致。即当表语是动词-ing形式时,主语也要用动词-ing形式,当表语是不定式时,主语也要用不定式。 Respecting others is respecting oneself./To respect others is to respect oneself. 尊重别人就是尊重自己。 【知识微练】用括号内所给词的适当形式填空 (1)______________ (understand) your own needs and styles of communication is as important as learning to convey your affection and emotions. (2)With the popularity of cars, ______ (go) around has become easy. (3)It is no good ________ (recite) words without some contexts. (4)_________ (work) abroad means meeting different people. (5)It is important _________(learn) about their culture.  (6) _______(see) is to believe.  Understanding going reciting Working to learn To see Ⅰ.话题词汇 1.the Olympic Games　　奥运会 2.win a gold medal 获得金牌 3.break the record 打破纪录 4.win the championship 获得冠军 5.the most valuable player 最有价值的球员 6.inspire a lot of people 激励着许多人 7.a sport role model 体育榜样 8.an anniversary ceremony 周年庆典 9.honor remarkable sports people 表彰杰出的体育工作者 10.sporting spirit 体育精神 附： Ⅱ.话题情境 A:I’m sorry to hear that Kobe Bryant was killed in the air crash. B: Me, too. Kobe is my favorite basketball player and he is also 1. _________________(体育榜样).  A:Yes, what he achieved in his life 2. _____________________(激励着许多人) to do better and better. When did he 3. ________________________(获得他的第一个冠军)?  B: He won his first championship in 2000. In all, he won 5 championships. A: What’s his highest score in a single game? B:He once scored 81 points at a single game in 2006 so he was nicknamed Mr 81. A: In a word, he left a deep impression on us and he will be remembered forever for his 4. ______________(体育精神).  a sport role model inspired a lot of people win his first championship sporting spirit Ⅲ.话题句式 1.I think the award should be given to those who have won more gold medals. 我认为这个奖应该给那些获得金牌更多的人。 2.Are you serious?你是认真的吗? 3.I mean that sporting spirit is more important than gold medals. 我的意思是体育精神比金牌更重要。 4.Besides, he is the oldest disabled person to reach the summit. 另外,他是登顶的年龄最大的残疾人。 5.I don’t think he deserves the award. 我认为他不应该得到这个奖项。 $$