Unit 5 A delicate world Developing ideas Language points 课件-2024-2025学年高中英语外研版（2019）选择性必修第二册

Read for details (Part 2) According to the passage, what has been done to protect the ecology of Shennongjia? scientists made efforts to look after endangered species local people work and live in harmony with nature 1 Read for details (Part 2) How does the lecturer support the main ideas? D D D E C 2 Read for details (Part 3) All of this explains why Shennongjia earned –and deserves – its place on the UNESCO World Heritage List, as well as highlighting how understanding, awareness and hard work have contributed towards protecting a unique and wonderful part of our natural world. What does “this” refer to? What is the significance of “this”? 《美丽中国：自然》神农架系列 The world’s cultural and natural heritage is an important outcome of the development of human civilization and natural evolution, and an important vehicle for the exchanges and mutual learning between civilizations. To well protect, inherit and make good use of these precious treasures is our shared responsibility, and is of vital importance to the continuity of human civilization and the sustainable development of the world. 世界文化和自然遗产是人类文明发展和自然演进的重要成果，也是促进不同文明交流互鉴的重要载体。保护好、传承好、利用好这些宝贵财富，是我们的共同责任，是人类文明赓续和世界可持续发展的必然要求。 ——2021年7月16日，习近平致第44届世界遗产大会的贺信 Strong winds and stormy seas have helped sculpt its long, thin shape. 强风和汹涌的海浪雕刻/塑造了它细长的形状。   The green grass and bare rock of its landscape contrast ___________ (drama), ______ (give) it a wild and natural beauty. contrast v. to show a clear difference contrast A and/with B eg. 她把过去的情况与现在的危机进行了对比。 She contrasted the situation then with the present crisis. contrast n. in contrast to/with sth. 与...相比 by contrast 相比而言 P1 dramatically giving v. to give sth. a particular shape 使具有某种形状 6 Nor would they _________ (未能做成) imagine how its ________ ___________ (当地栖居的动物), including royal penguins, king penguins, and elephant seals, existed ______________________ (与……完美和谐相处) their natural habitat for thousands of years. 他们也不会想象不到，这里的原住民，包括皇家企鹅、帝企鹅和象海豹，几千年来如何与它们的自然栖息地多么完美地和谐相处的。 P1 fail to in perfect harmony with native inhabitants No visitor would think ______ surprising ______ the island is UNESCO World Heritage Site. 没有游客会因为该岛被联合国教科文组织列为世界遗产而感到惊讶。 it that 7 具有否定意义的副词放在句首时，句子要用部分倒装结构。 本句中nor 为否定词，它所引导的句子要用倒装语序，常见结构为：Nor + 助动词/be动词/情态动词 + 主语 + 谓语 + 其它成分 句型变换 He didn’t quit his job, and he wasn’t fired either. = He didn’t quit the job, and nor was he fired. 他们那时无法理解这件事，我们也理解不了。 They couldn’t understand it at the time, and nor/neither could we. Sentence structure: nor + 部分倒装句 8 具有否定意义的副词： never, seldom, little, few, rarely, nowhere, not until, hardly…when, no sooner… than, not only… but also, in no way, by no means, under no circumstances, etc. I have never seen such a moving film. Never before have I seen such a moving film. We will by no means give up. By no means will we give up. I had hardly entered the classroom when the bell rang. Hardly had I entered the classroom when the bell rang. Sentence structure: nor + 部分倒装句 9 I failed to persuade him out of smoking. He failed (in) the competition, feeling sad. The examiners failed over half the candidates. The brakes on my bike failed halfway down the hill. Her eyesight is failing owing to using the Internet too much. When he lost his job, he felt he had failed his family. Words fail me to express my great gratitude. The crops failed again last summer. Many small companies have failed during the pandemic. fail to do sth. 未能做成某事 不过关；不及格 判定不合格 出故障 健康衰退 使失望 无能为力 歉收 破产 10 P2 unknowingly take over subsequently /ˈsʌbsɪkwəntli/ adv. [SYN] afterwards, later develop an appetite for… develop a taste for… develop an interest in… develop a close friendship with… develop the habit of… develop (an) immunity to… (P5) 在不知情的情况下   接管   随后   对……产生兴趣 与……产生亲密的友谊 养成……的习惯 对……产生免疫力 11 rats (rat) vs mice (mouse) 棒状粪便 胶囊装/纺锥状粪便 洞穴，墙体或阁楼 P3 be introduced to Translate: ______ (不受约束的) on the island, they did what rabbits do best – they ________________ (迅速繁殖) and began eating the native _________ ([U]植被统称) and _______ (dig) holes, which caused _____________ (土壤侵蚀). multiply v. to reproduce 繁殖 ； multiply A and/by B 乘以... dig – dug – dug, digging erode v. 侵蚀；腐蚀；风化 the exploding rabbit population adj. 迅速增长的 explode v. – explosion n. – explosive adj eg. 他们的数量再次激增。（P5） Their numbers exploded once again. v. increase rapidly and suddenly 被引进到... Loose multiplied rapidly vegetation digging soil erosion 13 形容词（短语）作状语的用法：其逻辑主语为句子的主语，是由主语相同的两个句子改写而成的。 We reached the top of the mountain and we were tired and hungry. = We reached the top of the mountain, tired and hungry. Jane was satisfied with it. She bought the book immediately. = Satisfied with it, Jane bought the book immediately. The badly hurt man fell to the ground and he was dead. = The badly hurt man fell to the ground, dead. 形容词（短语）作状语 伴随状语 原因状语 结果状语 14 P3 provide plentiful food for plenty of ... in turn be native to die out 为……提供丰富/充足的食物     反过来(as a result)；轮流 This in turn led to more cats _________ (hunt) the birds. 是土生土长的   消亡 hunting 15 P4 an official nature reserve/preserve reserve v. 预定book； 保留...以作他用 eg. 这些座位是留给贵宾的。 These seats are reserved for special guests. feel _____ necessary to do remove… from… with this goal in mind decrease from… to… in consequence = as a result/consequently trap 官方自然保护区 觉得有必要去做 从……移除 考虑到这个计划 从……减少到…… 结果 陷阱   it 16 P5 While the cat’s away, the mice will play. 随着……的离开 departure from...for... departure lounge departure gate depart v. [formal] to leave a place, especially to start a trip depart this life 辞世 = die = pass away Departing from her usual routine, she took the bus to work. 违反，背离（常规） 猫儿不在，老鼠成精。 山中无老虎，猴子称大王。 with the departure of 启程；离开 候机室 登机口 17 P5 It turns out that ... collapse a substantial number of 结果被证明是... 倒塌；昏倒；崩溃 大量的 Translate: This incident ________________ (使……明确/清楚) the rat, mouse and rabbit problem needed _________ (solve) _________________ (一劳永逸地；永远地). solving once and for all = for good made it clear that P6 解决这个问题 存留的入侵物种 every last one intervention intervene in sth. Translate: We humans _________ (应该为……做) the island to give it a happy ending. 翻译：我们人类应该给这个岛一个美好的结局。 postscript tackle this very problem remaining (adj.) invading species every single one n. the act of being involved in a situation/interrupting 介入；打断； 补笔，跋 P. S. （信的）附言 owe it to 19 He owes the bank what is beyond what he can afford. 他欠银行的债务超出了他的承受能力。 我认为你得向我们道歉。 I think you owe us an apology. 他认为成功使完美合作的结果。 He owes the success to perfect collaboration. 句型 owe it to sb. to do owe it to sb. that… You owe it to your staff to give them better pay. The survivors owed it to the MSF doctors that they could survive the deadly Ebola infection. owe sb. sth. | owe sth. to sb. 应该为某人做某事 把......归功于 欠某人债务/人情；把......归功于 20 Para 1-2 1. 代表 on behalf of eg. 我写信是为了代表学校邀请您参加即将到来的音乐节。 I’m writing to invite you to the coming music festival on hehalf of my school. 2. make it onto the UNESCO World Heritage List make it 获得成功或达到 eg. 这些登山队员最终成功到达山顶。 The climbers finally made it to the top of the mountain. 3. WHY SHENGNONGJIA ? Why sb / sth? = Why a particular person or thing has been chosen for / to do sth？ Why me? Why can’t someone else drive you home? Para 2 句子分析 4 Is it its forests that stretch on and on like great green seas? Is it the legendary father of Chinese herbal medicine, Shennong, after whom the park is named? Or is it the mysterious creature called “Yeren” (wild man) that has captured the imagination of the world? Para 4-5 8. The vast range in altitude results in a great variation in climatic conditions. This allows a wide variety of species to thrive.海拔的巨大差异导致了迥然不同的气候环境，使得大量不同的物种得以繁衍生息。 9. 被视为活化石 be regarded as living fossils 10. This represents more than ten per cent of China’s total floral richness. 这占了中国全部开花植物的10%以上。 floral adj. 花的； 绘有花的 11. Shennongjia supports more than 600 vertebrate species. ver·te·brate n./ˈvɜːtɪbrət/  ( technical 术语) any animal with a backbone , including all mammals , birds, fish, reptiles and amphibians  脊椎动物（包括所有哺乳动物、鸟类、鱼类、爬行动物和两栖动物） Para 3 5. 符合两项标准 meet two criteria (criterion) 6. 生存和繁荣 live and prosper prosper v. to develop in a successful way; to be successful, especially in making money = thrive (para 4) prosperous adj. prosperity n. 7. 【句子分析】 It is also one of the rare locations in the world where scientists can observe in the real time the ecological and biological process that occur as the plants and animals develop and evolve. 它也是世界上人迹罕至之地，科学家们可以实时观察到植物和动物发展和进化过程中的生态学和生物学过程。 Para 6-7 12. In winter, scientists brave heavy snow and freezing temperatures to supply food to the Golden Snub-nosed Monkey. brave vt. to have to deal with sth difficult or unpleasant in order to achieve sth 勇于置身(恶劣或危险境地) brave the elements 冒着风雨 eg. 成百上千的粉丝不顾交通高峰期的拥挤去看演唱会。 Hundreds of fans braved rush-hour traffic to see the concert. 13. What is special about the honey is that it is produced by the earliest species of Chinese bee. Para7-8 14. Although endangered elsewhere in China due to the invasion of foreign species, the bees of Shennongjia have coexisted with the local people for centuries. Paraphrase: Although they are endangered in other places of China ... 状语从句的省略 当状语从句的主语和主句主语相同或是it时，且从句中含有be动词，则从句的主语和be动词一起省略。 eg. 从这个位置看那张照片，它真的不错。 If seen from this position, the picture looks rather good. 当被问及是否完成作业时，他似乎十分冷静。 When asked whether he has finished the homework, he seems quite calm. 15. By providing the bees with a secure home, the villagers collect their honey in return. Writing: Drafting a lecture 1 Where is Fanjing Mountain 梵净山? Why is it significant? Fanjing Mountain is located in Guizhou Province. It is significant because it represents one of the country’s great achievements in environmental protection. 2 Why was Fanjing Mountain selected for inclusion in the UNESCO World Heritage List? The main reason for its inclusion is its biological diversity, with approximately（大概；大约） 50 endangered plant and animal species within its protected area. Activity 5 Drafting a lecture Complete the outline to organise your lecture draft based on the information in Activity 5. Watch the video to collect other information Presenting ideas 1 What is your understanding of “clear waters and lush mountains” and “gold and silver”? 2 What message is conveyed by the quote? Give example(s) that can prove it. Thinking like a mountain Aldo Leopold P120 Supplementary reading Thinking like a mountain (1) A deep chesty bawl (大喊,叫嚷) echoes from rimrock (悬崖) to rimrock, rolls down the mountain, and fades into the far blackness of the night. It is an outburst (叫声) of wild defiant (抗议的,违抗的) sorrow, and of contempt for all the adversities of the world. 一声深沉的、来自肺腑的嗥叫，在四野的山崖间回响着、然后滚落山下，渐渐地隐匿于漆黑的夜色里。那是一声不驯服的、对抗性的悲鸣，是对世界上一切苦难的蔑视情感的迸发。 (2) Every living thing (and perhaps many a dead one as well) pays heed to (注意,留意) that call. To the deer it is a reminder of the way of all flesh, to the pine a forecast of midnight scuffles (扭打) and of blood upon the snow, to the coyote (丛林狼) a promise of gleanings (费劲得到的零星的东西) to come, to the cowman a threat of red ink at the bank, to the hunter a challenge of fang against bullet. Yet behind these obvious and immediate hopes and fears there lies a deeper meaning, known only to the mountain itself. Only the mountain has lived long enough to listen objectively to the howl (嚎叫) of a wolf.一切活着的生物(也许包括很多死者)，都留心倾听那声呼唤。对鹿来说，它是近在咫尺的死亡警告;对松林来说，它是预测半夜里格斗后留在雪地上的流血预言;对野狼来说，就是要来临的一种有残肉可食的允诺;对牧牛人来说，那是银行帐户里透支的威胁;对猎人来说，那是獠牙抵御子弹的挑战。然而，在这些明显的而迫近的希望和恐惧之后，还隐藏着更加深奥的含义;只有山知道这个含义，只有这座山长久地活着，可以客观地去聆听狼的嗥叫。 (3) Those unable to decipher (解读) the hidden meaning know nevertheless that it is there, for it is felt in all wolf country, and distinguishes that country from all other land. It tingles (刺痛) in the spine of all who hear wolves by night, or who scan their tracks by day. Even without sight or sound of wolf, it is implicit (暗含的) in a hundred small events: the midnight whinny (嘶叫) of a pack horse, the rattle (嘎嘎声) of rolling rocks, the bound (慌张) of a fleeing deer, the way shadows lie under the spruces (云杉树). Only the ineducable tyro (新手) can fail to sense the presence or absence of wolves, or the fact that mountains have a secret opinion about them.不过，无法理解那声音所隐藏的含义者，仍知道这声嗥叫的存在，因为在整个狼群出没的地区都可以感觉到它，而且，正是它把有狼的地方与其他地方区别开来的。它使那些在夜里听到狼叫，白天去察看狼的足迹的人毛骨悚然。即使看不到狼的踪迹，也听不到它的声音，它也是暗含在许多小小的事件中的：一匹驮货之马深夜里的嘶鸣，岩石滚动的刺耳声，鹿群逃命的跳跃声，以及云杉下道路的阴影。只有不堪造就的初学者才感觉不到狼是否存在，或无法察觉山对狼怀有秘密的看法。 (4) My own conviction (信念) on this score (实情) dates from the day I saw a wolf die. We were eating lunch on a high rimrock, at the foot of which a turbulent (汹涌澎拜) river elbowed (蜿蜒) its way. We saw what we thought was a doe (雌鹿) fording (涉水而过) the torrent (急流), her breast awash (浸) in white water. When she climbed the bank toward us and shook out her tail, we realized our error: it was a wolf. A half-dozen others, evidently grown pups, sprang from the willows and all joined in a welcoming melee (混乱局面) of wagging tails and playful maulings (撕，抓，打闹). What was literally a pile of wolves writhed (扭动) and tumbled (滚动) in the center of an open flat at the foot of our rimrock.我自己对这一点的坚信不移，要追溯到我看见一只狼死去的那一天。当时，我们正在一个高耸的峭壁上吃午饭。一条湍急的河流在崖壁下蜿蜒流过。我们看见一只雌鹿——当时我们是这样认为的——它正在涉水渡过这条急流，它的胸部淹没在白色的水中。当它爬上岸朝我们走来，并甩动着尾巴时，我们才发觉我们错了：那是一只狼。另外还有六只显然是正在发育的小狼也从柳树丛中跑了出来，它们喜气洋洋地摇着尾巴，嬉戏着搅在一起。它们确确实实是一群狼，就在我们的峭壁之下的空地上蠕动着，玩耍着。 (5) In those days we had never heard of passing up (错过) a chance to kill a wolf. In a second we were pumping lead into the pack, but with more excitement than accuracy: how to aim a steep downhill shot is always confusing. When our rifles were empty, the old wolf was down, and a pup was dragging a leg into impassable slide-rocks (岩石堆) .在那些日子里，没有人会放弃一个杀狼的机会。瞬间，子弹已经射入狼群里，但我们太兴奋了，无法瞄准：我们总是搞不清楚如何以这么陡的角度往下射击。当我们用完了来福枪的子弹时，老狼倒了下来，另外有一只狼拖着一条腿，进入山崩造成的一堆人类无法通行的岩石中去了。 (6) We reached the old wolf in time to watch a fierce green fire dying in her eyes. I realized then, and have known ever since, that there was something new to me in those eyes--something known only to her and to the mountain. I was young then, and full of trigger-itch; I thought that because fewer wolves meant more deer, that no wolves would mean hunters' paradise. But after seeing the green fire die, I sensed that neither the wolf nor the mountain agreed with such a view.我们来到老狼那里时，还可以看见它眼中那令人难受而垂死时的绿光渐渐熄灭。自那时起，我明白了，那双眼睛里有某种我前所未见的东西——某种只有狼和山知道的东西。我当时年轻气盛，动不动就手痒，想扣扳机;我以为狼减少意味着鹿会增多，因此，狼的消失便意味着猎人的天堂。但是，在看了那绿光熄灭时的情景，我明白：无论是狼，还是山，都不会同意这种观点。 (7) Since then I have lived to see state after state extirpate its wolves. I have watched the face of many a newly wolfless mountain, and seen the south-facing slopes wrinkle with a maze of new deer trails. I have seen every edible bush and seedling browsed, first to anaemic desuetude, and then to death. I have seen every edible tree defoliated to the height of a saddle-horn. Such a mountain looks as if someone had given God a new pruning shears, and forbidden Him all other exercise. In the end the starved bones of the hoped-for deer herd, dead of its own too-much, bleach with the bones of the dead sage, or molder under the high-lined junipers.自那以后，我亲眼看见一个州接一个州地消灭了它们所有的狼。我看见过许多刚刚失去了狼的山的样子。看见南面的山坡出现许多鹿刚踏出来的纷乱小径。我看见所有可吃的灌木和树苗都被吃掉，然后便衰竭枯萎，不久渐渐死去。我也看见每一棵可吃的树，在马鞍头高度以下的叶子全被鹿吃得精光。看到这样的一座山，你会以为有人送给上帝一把新的大剪刀，叫他成天只修剪树木，不做其他事情。到了最后，人们期望的鹿群因为数量过于庞大而饿死了，它们的骨头和死去的鼠尾草一起变白，或者在成排只有高处长有叶子的刺柏下出腐朽。 (8) I now suspect that just as a deer herd lives in mortal fear of its wolves, so does a mountain live in mortal fear of its deer. And perhaps with better cause, for while a buck pulled down by wolves can be replaced in two or three years, a range pulled down by too many deer may fail of replacement in as many decades.我猜想，就像鹿群活在对狼的极度恐惧之中，山也活在对鹿群的极度恐惧之中。而或许山的惧怕有更充分的理由，因为一只公鹿被狼杀死了，两三年后便可以得到替补;然而，一座被过多的鹿摧毁的山脉，可能几十年也无法恢复原貌。 (9) So also with cows. The cowman who cleans his range of wolves does not realize that he is taking over the wolf's job of trimming the herd to fit the range. He has not learned to think like a mountain. Hence we have dustbowls, and rivers washing the future into the sea. 牛群也是如此。牧牛人清除了牧场上的狼，却未意识到他正在接收了狼的一项工作：以削减牛群的数目来适应牧场的大小。他没有学会像山那样来思考，因此，干旱尘暴区出现了，而河流将我们的未来冲入大海里。 (10) We all strive for safety, prosperity, comfort, long life, and dullness. The deer strives with his supple legs, the cowman with trap and poison, the statesman with pen, the most of us with machines, votes, and dollars, but it all comes to the same thing: peace in our time. A measure of success in this is all well enough, and perhaps is a requisite to objective thinking, but too much safety seems to yield only danger in the long run. Perhaps this is behind Thoreau's dictum: In wildness is the salvation of the world. Perhaps this is the hidden meaning in the howl of the wolf, long known among mountains, but seldom perceived among men.我们都在努力追求安全、繁荣、舒适、长寿和平静的生活，鹿用它轻快的四肢，牧牛人用陷阱和毒药，政治家用笔;而大多数人则用机器、选票和美金。但是，这一切都只为了一件事：这个时代的和平。在这方面获得某种程度的成功是很好的，而且或许是客观思考的必要条件。然而，就长远来看，太多的安全似乎只会带来危险。当梭罗说“野地里蕴含着这个世界的救赎”时，或许他正暗示着这一点。或许这就是狼的嗥叫所隐藏的内涵，山早就领悟了这个含义，只是大多数人依然没有感悟。 As we know, nature is most important to human life. People depend on nature to live and humans need fresh air and vegetable, which all come from nature. Industry needs fuel and other raw materials, which also come from nature. What is more, humans also belong to nature, and are regarded as the highest natural form of life. As a consequence, if we destroy nature, to some extent, we diminish ourselves. Reflection What can we humans do to help? Reflection Lavf59.23.100 Packed by Bilibili XCoder v2.0.2 $$