3.2其他品种水泥（课件）- 《建筑材料（第4版） 》同步教学（机械工业版）

3.2其他品种水泥 汇报人姓名 汇报日期 3.2其他品种水泥 铝酸盐水泥 硫酸铝盐水泥 快硬硅酸盐水泥 膨胀水泥和自应力水泥 白色和彩色硅酸盐水泥 道路硅酸盐水泥 As mentioned by professor Li just now, municipal solid waste in developing countries, e.g. China, usually contains a large fraction of food waste, which would result in high moisture content, and further leads to a large leachate production at landfills. The Moisture retention capacity, called MRC for short, is a key parameter for the predicting of leachate production, the retained moisture include intra-particle water within waste particles and inter-particle water between waste particles. Both would decrease with stress compression. While following waste degradation, the intra-particle water decreases and inter-particle water increases. 2 铝酸盐水泥 建筑材料 定义 由以铝矾石和石灰石为原料，经高温煅烧得到的以铝酸钙为主的铝酸盐水泥熟料， 磨细之后制得的水硬性胶凝材料， 代号CA， 又称“高铝水泥”。铝酸盐水泥的生产制备同样遵循“两磨一烧”的工艺。 铝酸盐水泥的主要矿物为铝酸一钙Cao·Al2O3（简称CA）、二铝酸一钙 Cao·2Al2O3（简称CA2），七铝酸十二钙12Cao·7Al2O3（简称C12A7），此外还有少量的铝酸盐和硅酸二钙。 As mentioned by professor Li just now, municipal solid waste in developing countries, e.g. China, usually contains a large fraction of food waste, which would result in high moisture content, and further leads to a large leachate production at landfills. The Moisture retention capacity, called MRC for short, is a key parameter for the predicting of leachate production, the retained moisture include intra-particle water within waste particles and inter-particle water between waste particles. Both would decrease with stress compression. While following waste degradation, the intra-particle water decreases and inter-particle water increases. 3 铝酸盐水泥 建筑材料 定义 CA 是铝酸盐水泥的最主要矿物， 有很高的水硬活性， 凝结时间正常，水化硬化迅速，生成的主要水化产物有水化铝酸一钙、水化铝酸二钙和铝胶，是铝酸盐水泥强度的主要来源。 CA2的水化产物与 CA 的相同，但是CA2的水化硬化慢，故早期强度低，但是后期强度高，具有较高的耐高温性能。 As mentioned by professor Li just now, municipal solid waste in developing countries, e.g. China, usually contains a large fraction of food waste, which would result in high moisture content, and further leads to a large leachate production at landfills. The Moisture retention capacity, called MRC for short, is a key parameter for the predicting of leachate production, the retained moisture include intra-particle water within waste particles and inter-particle water between waste particles. Both would decrease with stress compression. While following waste degradation, the intra-particle water decreases and inter-particle water increases. 4 铝酸盐水泥 建筑材料 性能与应用 （1）凝结硬化快 从表中可以很明确知道，铝酸盐水泥最早有6h和1d强度的测试指标，其1d的强度能达到3d强度的80%，可见铝酸盐突出的特点就是凝结硬化快。铝酸盐水泥适用于紧急抢修工程和对早期强度有要求的工程，但它的早期强度往往是以牺牲后期强度及其他性能为代价，国内外已经有研究表明的确存在这样一种趋势， 因此通常只能满足临时性的强度要求，而对早期强度有要求、对后期强度要求也高和要求长期承载的工程来说不适宜，比如楼板、梁柱等，这些部件还是要用早期及后期强度都较高的硅酸盐水泥或普通硅酸盐水泥。 （2）水化热大 铝酸盐水泥的强度形成集中在早期，水化热的释放也同样集中在早期，其ld能放出水化热的70% ~ 80%，温度上升非常快，因此不能应用于大体积的混凝土，但可以用在寒冷季节施工的工程。 As mentioned by professor Li just now, municipal solid waste in developing countries, e.g. China, usually contains a large fraction of food waste, which would result in high moisture content, and further leads to a large leachate production at landfills. The Moisture retention capacity, called MRC for short, is a key parameter for the predicting of leachate production, the retained moisture include intra-particle water within waste particles and inter-particle water between waste particles. Both would decrease with stress compression. While following waste degradation, the intra-particle water decreases and inter-particle water increases. 6 铝酸盐水泥 建筑材料 性能与应用 （3）耐热性好 铝酸盐水泥有比较好的耐热性能，可以用来拌制耐热砂浆或耐热混凝土。 （4）抗酸不抗碱 铝酸盐水泥的水化产物中没有氢氧化钙，所以能抗软水和硫酸盐腐蚀，适用于受软水或海水腐蚀的港口工程，以及其他受酸性水及硫酸盐腐蚀的工程。铝酸盐水泥水化产物中的水化铝酸钙不耐碱，所以不能用于与碱接触的工程。在施工当中，万不能和石灰、硅酸盐水泥混合使用，或与未完全硬化的上述材料接触，不然会发生“闪凝”现象-----铝酸盐水泥极快速 地硬化，硬化后没有胶结性，不具有强度。 甚至用铝酸盐水泥与集料拌和制作混凝土往往也存 在一定的隐患，因为如果混凝土集料含有少量的碱性化合物的话，侵蚀会不断地进行，使得混凝土的强度严重破坏。 As mentioned by professor Li just now, municipal solid waste in developing countries, e.g. China, usually contains a large fraction of food waste, which would result in high moisture content, and further leads to a large leachate production at landfills. The Moisture retention capacity, called MRC for short, is a key parameter for the predicting of leachate production, the retained moisture include intra-particle water within waste particles and inter-particle water between waste particles. Both would decrease with stress compression. While following waste degradation, the intra-particle water decreases and inter-particle water increases. 7 铝酸盐水泥 建筑材料 性能与应用 （5）不能进行高温湿热养护 铝酸盐水泥最适宜的施工温度为15˚C，一般不超过25 ˚C 。水化铝酸一钙和水化铝酸二钙属不稳定状态，会逐渐转变为稳定的水化铝酸三钙，在此过程中固相体积缩减，孔隙率增加，强度下降，而温湿度增高会加剧这种转变，因此铝酸盐水泥不能进行高温湿热养护，也不适宜在高温季节施工。和硅酸盐水泥长期强度缓慢增加相反，铝酸盐水泥的强度会逐渐降低，所以铝酸盐水泥不能用于长期承载的工程。 As mentioned by professor Li just now, municipal solid waste in developing countries, e.g. China, usually contains a large fraction of food waste, which would result in high moisture content, and further leads to a large leachate production at landfills. The Moisture retention capacity, called MRC for short, is a key parameter for the predicting of leachate production, the retained moisture include intra-particle water within waste particles and inter-particle water between waste particles. Both would decrease with stress compression. While following waste degradation, the intra-particle water decreases and inter-particle water increases. 8 硫酸铝盐水泥 建筑材料 硫铝酸盐水泥是一类 早期强度高，抗渗性、抗冻性和耐腐蚀性好的水泥，要求其终凝时间不得低于3h。常见的有快硬硫铝酸盐水泥和低碱硫铝酸盐水泥。 这两种水泥的主要特性和应用基本相同：水化和凝结硬化快，早期强度高，水化放热集中，抗硫酸盐腐蚀强，抗渗，抗裂。因此它们特别适用于早期强度要求高，有耐腐蚀要求的混凝土工程，如抢修、接缝堵漏、喷锚支护、浆锚、节点等工程，以及地下工程和抗硫酸盐腐蚀工程。但这类水泥在较高温度下会分解脱水，耐热性比较差，所以有耐热要求的混凝土工程不适用。 低碱硫铝酸盐水泥还有一个最大的特点：水泥的碱度很低，能与玻璃纤维配合，特别适用于生产耐久性好的玻璃纤维增强水泥制品，制作喷射混凝土和薄壳结构构件。 As mentioned by professor Li just now, municipal solid waste in developing countries, e.g. China, usually contains a large fraction of food waste, which would result in high moisture content, and further leads to a large leachate production at landfills. The Moisture retention capacity, called MRC for short, is a key parameter for the predicting of leachate production, the retained moisture include intra-particle water within waste particles and inter-particle water between waste particles. Both would decrease with stress compression. While following waste degradation, the intra-particle water decreases and inter-particle water increases. 9 快硬硅酸盐水泥 建筑材料 和硅酸盐系列水泥一样，快硬硅酸盐水泥也是用硅酸盐水泥熟料和适量石膏磨细制成的，但由于早期强度增长率快，所以以3d抗压强度划分强度等级。 这类水泥的生产方法与硅酸盐水泥基本相同，组成的矿物类型也一样，但成分比例不同，它主要靠调节水泥矿物组成和粉磨细度来达到快硬的性质，同时要求原料的有害杂质少，生料均匀性好，熟料冷却速率高。 水泥熟料中，硬化最快的是铝酸三钙和硅酸三钙，所以达到快硬目的的主要途径就是提高这两种矿物的含量，通常使硅酸三钙含量为50% ~60%，铝酸三钙为8% ~15%，两者的总量不小于65%。 As mentioned by professor Li just now, municipal solid waste in developing countries, e.g. China, usually contains a large fraction of food waste, which would result in high moisture content, and further leads to a large leachate production at landfills. The Moisture retention capacity, called MRC for short, is a key parameter for the predicting of leachate production, the retained moisture include intra-particle water within waste particles and inter-particle water between waste particles. Both would decrease with stress compression. While following waste degradation, the intra-particle water decreases and inter-particle water increases. 10 快硬硅酸盐水泥 建筑材料 主要性能： （1）凝结硬化快，早期及后期强度均较高 铝酸三钙和硅酸三钙含量的大幅增加，除了使得水泥凝结硬化快、早期强度高之外，也使后期强度较高。因此，该类水泥主要适用于早期强度高的工程、紧急抢修工程、预应力混凝土预制构件。 （2）水化热大，抗冻性好 快硬硅酸盐水泥矿物中，铝酸三钙和硅酸三钙是放热量最大的两种矿物，伴随这两种矿物含量的提高，水化热自然也随之提高，因此非常适宜冬期施工的混凝土工程，不适于大体积的混凝土工程。 （3）耐腐蚀性能差 铝酸三钙和硅酸三钙生成的水化产物---氢氧化钙和水化铝酸三钙是主要容易被腐蚀的物质，因此快硬硅酸盐水泥的耐腐蚀性能很差，绝对不能用于有腐蚀介质的混凝土工程。 As mentioned by professor Li just now, municipal solid waste in developing countries, e.g. China, usually contains a large fraction of food waste, which would result in high moisture content, and further leads to a large leachate production at landfills. The Moisture retention capacity, called MRC for short, is a key parameter for the predicting of leachate production, the retained moisture include intra-particle water within waste particles and inter-particle water between waste particles. Both would decrease with stress compression. While following waste degradation, the intra-particle water decreases and inter-particle water increases. 11 膨胀水泥和自应力水泥 建筑材料 这是一类在水化和凝结过程中体积会产生膨胀的水泥。其在凝结硬化的早期会形成一定数量的膨胀性水化产物，使水泥石的结构密实，体积稍有膨胀，但不会引起水泥石结构的破坏。 受膨胀水泥的膨胀量较低，膨胀产生的压应力能大致抵消水泥干缩所产生的拉应力，所以又叫“收缩膨胀水泥”。它适用于防水抗渗混凝土工程、结构加固和修补的混凝土、构件接缝及管道接头、固结机器底座和地脚螺栓。 自应力水泥则膨胀量较大，当膨胀受到限制时(如受到钢筋的限制)，会在水泥混凝土中产生较大压应力(≥2MPa)，这种膨胀会一直存在于混凝土中。它主要用于生产自应力钢筋混凝土压力管及其配件。 As mentioned by professor Li just now, municipal solid waste in developing countries, e.g. China, usually contains a large fraction of food waste, which would result in high moisture content, and further leads to a large leachate production at landfills. The Moisture retention capacity, called MRC for short, is a key parameter for the predicting of leachate production, the retained moisture include intra-particle water within waste particles and inter-particle water between waste particles. Both would decrease with stress compression. While following waste degradation, the intra-particle water decreases and inter-particle water increases. 12 白色和彩色硅酸盐水泥 建筑材料 在生产硅酸盐水泥的时候，尽量采用着色物质少的原料，如纯净的高岭土、纯石英砂等，严格控制氧化铁的含量，能得到白色的水泥。 白水泥的生产过程、矿物组成、性能都和硅酸盐水泥或普通硅酸盐水泥基本相同，不过氧化铁的含量只有硅酸盐水泥的1/10。 用白色硅酸盐水泥熟料、 石膏和耐碱矿物颜料共同磨细可制得彩色硅酸盐水泥。耐碱矿物颜料对水泥应该无有害作用。常见的耐碱矿物颜料有:氧化铁(红、黄、褐、黑)，氧化锰(褐、黑)，氧化铬(绿)，普鲁士红等。制造黑色、褐色等深色的彩色水泥时，可直接在硅酸盐水泥中加入耐碱矿物原料。 白色和彩色硅酸盐水泥，不用于承重构件，主要用于建筑物的表面装饰工程，如地面、墙、柱，抹面砂浆，地砖等。 As mentioned by professor Li just now, municipal solid waste in developing countries, e.g. China, usually contains a large fraction of food waste, which would result in high moisture content, and further leads to a large leachate production at landfills. The Moisture retention capacity, called MRC for short, is a key parameter for the predicting of leachate production, the retained moisture include intra-particle water within waste particles and inter-particle water between waste particles. Both would decrease with stress compression. While following waste degradation, the intra-particle water decreases and inter-particle water increases. 13 道路硅酸盐水泥 建筑材料 由铁铝酸钙含量较高的硅酸盐水泥熟料，加人0~10%的活性混合材料和适量石膏，磨细制成的水硬性胶凝材料，称为“道路硅酸盐水泥”，简称“ 道路水泥”。这种水泥与一般硅酸盐水泥不同之处在于：铁铝酸钙含量比较多，要求不小于16%，而铝酸三钙的含量不得大于5%。 As mentioned by professor Li just now, municipal solid waste in developing countries, e.g. China, usually contains a large fraction of food waste, which would result in high moisture content, and further leads to a large leachate production at landfills. The Moisture retention capacity, called MRC for short, is a key parameter for the predicting of leachate production, the retained moisture include intra-particle water within waste particles and inter-particle water between waste particles. Both would decrease with stress compression. While following waste degradation, the intra-particle water decreases and inter-particle water increases. 14 道路硅酸盐水泥 建筑材料 根据《道路硅酸盐水泥》(GB 13693- -2005) 规定，该类水泥除了以下技术要求外，其他技术要求同普通硅酸盐水泥: 1)凝结时间。初凝不早于1.5h, 终凝不迟于10h。 2)安定性。用煮沸法检验必须合格。 3)干缩率。28d干缩率应不大于0.10%。 4)耐磨性。28d磨耗量不大于3.00kg/m2。 5)强度。道路水泥的各龄期强度不得低于表中的数值。 As mentioned by professor Li just now, municipal solid waste in developing countries, e.g. China, usually contains a large fraction of food waste, which would result in high moisture content, and further leads to a large leachate production at landfills. The Moisture retention capacity, called MRC for short, is a key parameter for the predicting of leachate production, the retained moisture include intra-particle water within waste particles and inter-particle water between waste particles. Both would decrease with stress compression. While following waste degradation, the intra-particle water decreases and inter-particle water increases. 15 道路硅酸盐水泥 建筑材料 道路水泥的各龄期强度表(GB 13693- 2005) (单位: MPa) 强度等级 抗压强度 抗折强度 3d 28d 3d 28d 32.5 16.0 32.5 3.5 6.5 42.5 21.0 42.5 4.0 7.0 52.5 26.0 52.5 5.0 7.5 由于提高了铁铝酸钙和硅酸三钙的含量，大大降低了铝酸三钙的含量，道路水泥的抗折强度得到了提高，干缩小，耐磨性和抗冲击性好，抗冻性和抗硫酸盐侵蚀都比较好，能承受高速率的轮胎摩擦、冲击震荡、循环负荷，抵抗因温差和干湿度之差带来的应力，禁得住冬季的冻融循环破坏。道路水泥适用于道路桥面、 机场道路、城市广场等对耐磨、干缩等性能要求较高的地方，可显著减少路面维修量和费用，延长使用年限。 As mentioned by professor Li just now, municipal solid waste in developing countries, e.g. China, usually contains a large fraction of food waste, which would result in high moisture content, and further leads to a large leachate production at landfills. The Moisture retention capacity, called MRC for short, is a key parameter for the predicting of leachate production, the retained moisture include intra-particle water within waste particles and inter-particle water between waste particles. Both would decrease with stress compression. While following waste degradation, the intra-particle water decreases and inter-particle water increases. 16 感谢观看 17 $$