被动语态 2024-2025学年人教版英语九年级全册

国际英语之语法专练---被动语态 一、动词的语态 　　定义：英语动词有两种语态，即主动语态（The Active Voice）和被动语态（The Passive Voice）。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，例如： Many people speak English .  (主动语态) English is spoken by many people. (被动语态) 　　1、被动语态的句式 肯 定 句： 主语+ be+ 过去分词 +（by…）     eg. He is often asked to do this work (by his boss). 否定 句：主语+ be not +过去分词 +（by…）      eg. I am not invited to the party (by him). 一般疑问句：Be + 主语+过去分词+ （by…）？     eg. Are your clothes washed by yourself? 特殊疑问句：疑问词+ be+主语 +过去分词+ （by…）？ eg. What is this sweater made of? 　　3） 主动语态变被动语态的步骤: 　　主动句:  The boy broke    the window  yesterday. 　　被动句: The window  was broken  by the boy  yesterday. 二、被动语态的构成 被动语态由“be＋及物动词的过去分词”构成。不及物动词本身没有被动语态。     及物动词---本身意义不完整，后必须带宾语，有些还可以带双宾。 不及物动词---本身意义完整，不需要带宾语，如带宾语必须通过介词。 人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的。 现以eat为例说明被动语态在各种时态中的构成。 一般现在时：am／is／are＋done 一般过去时：was／were＋done 含情态动词的被动语态：should/may/can...be +done 歌诀是：被动语态be字变，过去分词跟后面。 三、被动语态的用法   (1)不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。   例如：some new computers were stolen last night. 一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了。(不知道电脑是谁偷的) This book was published in 1981.这本书出版于1981年。 （没有必要或说出出版者） (2)强调动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者。   例如：The window was broken by mike.窗户是迈克打破的。 This book was written by Lunxun.这本书是他写的。   Eight hours per day for sleep must be guaranteed.   歌诀：谁做的动作不知道，说出谁做的没有必要； 动作承受者需强调，被动语态运用到。 (3) 为了更好地安排句子。 Eg：The well-known person got on the bus and was immediately recognized by people. （一主语）   四、主动语态变被动语态的方法 (1)把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。   (2)把谓语变成被动结构(be＋过去分词)   (根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数，以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式)。   (3)把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语，将主格改为宾格。例如：   All the people laughed at him. ---- He was laughed at by all people.   They make the bikes in the factory. ----The bikes are made by them in the factory.   歌诀是：宾变主，主变宾，by短语后面跟。 谓语动词变被动，be后“过分”来使用。 1、 把一下句子变成被动语态 1. They often use computers in class. 2.They play football on Sunday. 3.He can take care of the baby. 4. You must turn off the lights 5. They bought ten computers last term. 6. He ate an apple yesterday. 二．单选题 　( ) 1.The librarian told me that the book______for two weeks. 　　 A. can be borrowed   B. can be kept   C. could be borrowed   D. could be kept 　( ) 2.The new computers____to the village school as present last month. 　　 A.are given  B. given  C. were given  D. gave ( ) 3. Every spring, many trees _______ along the river. A. were planted B. is planted C. will be planted D. are planted　 ( ) 4. –What’s that thing with three legs? --It’s a cup. It ______ for drinking in the old days. A.uses B. used B.is used D. was used ( ) 5. The old man is quite weak after the accident, so he _______. A. must take care of B. must be take care of C. must look after D. must be looked after ( )6. The trees must _______ three times a week. A. water B. is watering C. be watered D. waters ( ) 7.Don't worry. All the children by the nurses. A. are well taken care of B. take good care of C. are taken good care D. take good care ( ) 8.—Hi, Jack. Did you go to Jim’s birthday party? —No, I felt so sad. I . A. didn’t invite B. wasn’t invited C. am not invited D. hadn’t invited ( ) 9.Don’t put off today’s work for tomorrow. I mean, today’s work ______ today. A. may do B. must do C. may be done D. must be done ( ) 10.---Why did you leave your city last year? ---Because I ______ a new job in another city. A. offered B. am offered C. was offered D. will need ( )11.I ______ to get there before seven tomorrow, so I’ll have to get up early. A. told B. have told C. will tell D. was told ( ) 12.Do you have any problems if you ______ this job? ---Well, I’m thinking about the working day. A. offer B. will offer C. are offered D. will be offered ( )13.—What a beautiful factory! I want to work in it. — Well, workers _________ very much here. A. need      B. are needing        C. are needed        D. will need ( ) 14.A large number of engineers ________ to Africa by our government to the people there every year. A. have sent B. will send C. are sent D. will be offered ( ) 15.The sick boy ___ to hospital by the police yesterday. A. is taken B. was taken       C. takes         D. took ( )16.It’s difficult for the village children to cross the river for school. ---I think a bridge ______ over the river. A. was built B. is being built C. has been built     D. should be built ( )1 7.The Chinese mainland pandas, Tuan Tuan and Yuan Yuan, ______ to Taiwan on Dec. 23nd, 2008. A.sent B. were sending       C. had sent      D. were sent ( )18.A number of new houses ______in Wenchuan last year. A. built B. are built C. were built D. will be built 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$