Unit 3 My school 语法2024-2025学年人教版(2024)七年级英语上册

2024-08-11
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新人教版(2024)七年级上册英语语法Unit 3 My school 语法基础 There be句型主要用于表示某处存在某物或某人。 一、基本结构 (1) 标准形式: There is + 单数可数名词/不可数名词 + 地点状语 There are + 复数可数名词 + 地点状语 例如: There is a book on the desk. There are many books on the desk. (2) 就近原则: 当句子中有多个名词时,be动词的形式取决于离它最近的那个名词的单复数形式。 There is a pen, two books and many pencils on the desk. 二、时态变化 (1) 一般现在时: There is/are 用于描述现在的事实或习惯。 (2) 一般过去时: There was/were 用于描述过去某个时间点的存在状态。 (3) 一般将来时: There will be 或 There is/are going to be 用于描述将来会发生的情况。 (4) 完成时: There have/has been 用于描述过去某个时间开始,持续到现在的状态或动作。 三、疑问句及回答 (1) 一般疑问句: 将be动词提到句首,并在句尾加上问号。如果句中有some,要将其改为any。 Is there a book on the desk? Are there any books on the desk? (2) 回答: 肯定回答:Yes, there is/are. 否定回答:No, there isn't/aren't. 四、否定形式 在be动词后加not,is not可缩写为isn't,are not可缩写为aren't。如果句中有some,改为any。 There isn't a book on the desk. There aren't any books on the desk. 五、特殊疑问句 (1) 对主语提问: 当主语是物时,用what引导。 当主语是人时,用who引导。 无论原句主语是单数还是复数,提问时be动词通常使用单数形式。 What's on the desk? Who is in the room? (2) 对地点提问: 用where引导,并加上be动词和主语。 Where is the book? (3) 对数量提问: How many + 复数名词 + are there + 地点短语? How much + 不可数名词 + is there + 地点短语? How many books are there on the desk? 六、其他用法 (1) 情态动词: There be句型可以与情态动词连用,表示推测语气。 There may be a book on the desk. (2) 反义疑问句: 反义疑问句用“be (not) there?”的形式构成。 There is a book on the desk, isn't there? (3) 替代be动词: There be句型中的be动词有时可以用其他动词替代,如live, stand, seem to be等,以增强语气。 There seems to be a book on the desk. 七、与have/has的区别 There be:表示某处存在某物或某人,强调存在。 Have/has:表示某人拥有某物或某人,强调所有或拥有关系。 方位介词 一、常见方位介词及其用法 on 基本含义:表示“在某物之上”,通常指一个物体在另一个物体的表面上面,两者之间有接触。 例句:Your book is on the desk.(你的书在课桌上面。) in 基本含义:表示“在某物的里面”,通常指一个物体在另一个物体的内部、中间或在某个范围之内。 例句:Your pen is in the pencil case.(你的钢笔在铅笔盒里面。) under 基本含义:表示“在某物的下面”,通常指一个物体在另一个物体的垂直正下方,两者之间没有接触。 例句:My bike is under the tree.(我的自行车在树的下面。) behind 基本含义:表示“在某物的后面”,通常指一个物体在另一个物体的后面。 例句:Your brother is behind the tree.(你的弟弟在树的后面。) over 基本含义:表示“在某物的正上方”,与under相对,但over与物体有一定的空间,不直接接触。 例句:There is a bridge over the river.(河上有一座桥。) above 基本含义:表示“在……上方或位置高出……”,不一定是正上方,与below相对。 例句:A plane flew above our heads.(一架飞机从我们头上飞过。) below 基本含义:表示“在……之下”,“在……的下游”,与above相对应,常指在某物体之下,但不一定在该物的正下方。 例句:He is below the average at school.(他的学习成绩在水准以下。) next to 基本含义:由形容词next和介词to构成的介词短语,表示“紧挨着、在某物的旁边”。 例句:The table is next to the wall.(桌子紧挨着墙。) between 基本含义:表示某个物体、某人位于两者之间,通常指一个人、物处于另外两个人、物之间。 例句:Your desk is between the door and the window.(你的课桌位于门和窗户之间。) at 基本含义:表示“在……”,可以用在地点前也可以用在时间前。 例句:She is sitting at the desk.(她正坐在课桌旁。) 二、介词短语的用法 表语:方位介词可以跟在系动词(如be、become、seem等)后面作表语,用于描述主语的位置或方向。 例句:The book is on the table.(这本书在桌子上。) 后置定语:方位介词可以跟在名词后面作后置定语,用于进一步描述名词的位置或方向。 例句:The house on the hill is very beautiful.(山上的房子非常漂亮。) 状语:方位介词可以跟在动词后面作状语,用于描述动作的方向或位置。 例句:She walked towards the park.(她朝着公园走去。) 三、其他常用介词和短语 in front of:表示“在……的前面”。 例句:There is a fruit tree in front of the house.(房子前面有一棵果树。) across:表示“从一边到另一边,在……那边”。 例句:There are many trees across the river.(河对岸有很多树。) along:表示“沿着…,顺着…”。 例句:I'm walking along the river.(我正沿河而行。) towards:表示“向…,朝…”。 例句:I'm walking towards the house.(我正朝房子走去。) inside:表示“在……的里面,在……内部”。 例句:I am inside the house now.(我正在房子里。) outside:表示“在……外面”。 例句:Now I am outside the house.(我现在来到房外。) near:表示“在某物的附近”。 例句:The library is near the school.(图书馆在学校附近。) 语法实践 单项选择。 1. There _______ a book and two pens on the desk. A. is B. are C. has D. have 2. There weren't _______ students in the classroom yesterday. A. some B. any C. many D. few 3. There _______ a football match in our school next week. A. is going to have B. will have C. is going to be D. will be 4. How many books _______ there on the shelf? A. is B. are C. has D. have 5. There _______ no milk in the fridge. Let's go to the store. A. is B. are C. has D. have 6. There _______ a lot of trees on the hill. A. is B. are C. was D. were 7. Is there _______ tea in the cup? A. many B. much C. a lot D. lots 8. There _______ some apples and oranges in the basket. A. is B. are C. has D. have 9. There _______ a pen and some paper on the desk. A. are B. is C. has D. have 10. There weren't _______ books in the library then. A. some B. any C. a lot D. many 11. The book is ____ the table. A. on B. in C. under D. at 12. My pen is ____ the pencil box. A. on B. in C. under D. behind 13. The cat is ____ the door. A. on B. in C. under D. behind 14. The school is ____ the park. A. on B. in C. next to D. under 15. There is a river ____ the city. A. on B. in C. through D. under 16. The bird is flying ____ the sky. A. on B. in C. under D. at 17. The library is ____ the school and the post office. A. between B. on C. in D. under 18. The bookshelf is ____ the wall. A. on B. in C. against D. under 19. The bridge is ____ the river. A. on B. in C. over D. under 20. The cat is sleeping ____ the sun. A. on B. in C. under D. by 参考答案 ABCBA BBBBB ABDCC BACCD 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $$

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Unit 3 My school 语法2024-2025学年人教版(2024)七年级英语上册
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Unit 3 My school 语法2024-2025学年人教版(2024)七年级英语上册
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Unit 3 My school 语法2024-2025学年人教版(2024)七年级英语上册
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