内容正文:
新人教版(2024)七年级上册英语语法Unit 3 My school
语法基础
There be句型主要用于表示某处存在某物或某人。
一、基本结构
(1) 标准形式:
There is + 单数可数名词/不可数名词 + 地点状语
There are + 复数可数名词 + 地点状语
例如:
There is a book on the desk.
There are many books on the desk.
(2) 就近原则:
当句子中有多个名词时,be动词的形式取决于离它最近的那个名词的单复数形式。
There is a pen, two books and many pencils on the desk.
二、时态变化
(1) 一般现在时:
There is/are
用于描述现在的事实或习惯。
(2) 一般过去时:
There was/were
用于描述过去某个时间点的存在状态。
(3) 一般将来时:
There will be 或 There is/are going to be
用于描述将来会发生的情况。
(4) 完成时:
There have/has been
用于描述过去某个时间开始,持续到现在的状态或动作。
三、疑问句及回答
(1) 一般疑问句:
将be动词提到句首,并在句尾加上问号。如果句中有some,要将其改为any。
Is there a book on the desk?
Are there any books on the desk?
(2) 回答:
肯定回答:Yes, there is/are.
否定回答:No, there isn't/aren't.
四、否定形式
在be动词后加not,is not可缩写为isn't,are not可缩写为aren't。如果句中有some,改为any。
There isn't a book on the desk.
There aren't any books on the desk.
五、特殊疑问句
(1) 对主语提问:
当主语是物时,用what引导。
当主语是人时,用who引导。
无论原句主语是单数还是复数,提问时be动词通常使用单数形式。
What's on the desk?
Who is in the room?
(2) 对地点提问:
用where引导,并加上be动词和主语。
Where is the book?
(3) 对数量提问:
How many + 复数名词 + are there + 地点短语?
How much + 不可数名词 + is there + 地点短语?
How many books are there on the desk?
六、其他用法
(1) 情态动词:
There be句型可以与情态动词连用,表示推测语气。
There may be a book on the desk.
(2) 反义疑问句:
反义疑问句用“be (not) there?”的形式构成。
There is a book on the desk, isn't there?
(3) 替代be动词:
There be句型中的be动词有时可以用其他动词替代,如live, stand, seem to be等,以增强语气。
There seems to be a book on the desk.
七、与have/has的区别
There be:表示某处存在某物或某人,强调存在。
Have/has:表示某人拥有某物或某人,强调所有或拥有关系。
方位介词
一、常见方位介词及其用法
on
基本含义:表示“在某物之上”,通常指一个物体在另一个物体的表面上面,两者之间有接触。
例句:Your book is on the desk.(你的书在课桌上面。)
in
基本含义:表示“在某物的里面”,通常指一个物体在另一个物体的内部、中间或在某个范围之内。
例句:Your pen is in the pencil case.(你的钢笔在铅笔盒里面。)
under
基本含义:表示“在某物的下面”,通常指一个物体在另一个物体的垂直正下方,两者之间没有接触。
例句:My bike is under the tree.(我的自行车在树的下面。)
behind
基本含义:表示“在某物的后面”,通常指一个物体在另一个物体的后面。
例句:Your brother is behind the tree.(你的弟弟在树的后面。)
over
基本含义:表示“在某物的正上方”,与under相对,但over与物体有一定的空间,不直接接触。
例句:There is a bridge over the river.(河上有一座桥。)
above
基本含义:表示“在……上方或位置高出……”,不一定是正上方,与below相对。
例句:A plane flew above our heads.(一架飞机从我们头上飞过。)
below
基本含义:表示“在……之下”,“在……的下游”,与above相对应,常指在某物体之下,但不一定在该物的正下方。
例句:He is below the average at school.(他的学习成绩在水准以下。)
next to
基本含义:由形容词next和介词to构成的介词短语,表示“紧挨着、在某物的旁边”。
例句:The table is next to the wall.(桌子紧挨着墙。)
between
基本含义:表示某个物体、某人位于两者之间,通常指一个人、物处于另外两个人、物之间。
例句:Your desk is between the door and the window.(你的课桌位于门和窗户之间。)
at
基本含义:表示“在……”,可以用在地点前也可以用在时间前。
例句:She is sitting at the desk.(她正坐在课桌旁。)
二、介词短语的用法
表语:方位介词可以跟在系动词(如be、become、seem等)后面作表语,用于描述主语的位置或方向。
例句:The book is on the table.(这本书在桌子上。)
后置定语:方位介词可以跟在名词后面作后置定语,用于进一步描述名词的位置或方向。
例句:The house on the hill is very beautiful.(山上的房子非常漂亮。)
状语:方位介词可以跟在动词后面作状语,用于描述动作的方向或位置。
例句:She walked towards the park.(她朝着公园走去。)
三、其他常用介词和短语
in front of:表示“在……的前面”。
例句:There is a fruit tree in front of the house.(房子前面有一棵果树。)
across:表示“从一边到另一边,在……那边”。
例句:There are many trees across the river.(河对岸有很多树。)
along:表示“沿着…,顺着…”。
例句:I'm walking along the river.(我正沿河而行。)
towards:表示“向…,朝…”。
例句:I'm walking towards the house.(我正朝房子走去。)
inside:表示“在……的里面,在……内部”。
例句:I am inside the house now.(我正在房子里。)
outside:表示“在……外面”。
例句:Now I am outside the house.(我现在来到房外。)
near:表示“在某物的附近”。
例句:The library is near the school.(图书馆在学校附近。)
语法实践
单项选择。
1. There _______ a book and two pens on the desk.
A. is
B. are
C. has
D. have
2. There weren't _______ students in the classroom yesterday.
A. some
B. any
C. many
D. few
3. There _______ a football match in our school next week.
A. is going to have
B. will have
C. is going to be
D. will be
4. How many books _______ there on the shelf?
A. is
B. are
C. has
D. have
5. There _______ no milk in the fridge. Let's go to the store.
A. is
B. are
C. has
D. have
6. There _______ a lot of trees on the hill.
A. is
B. are
C. was
D. were
7. Is there _______ tea in the cup?
A. many
B. much
C. a lot
D. lots
8. There _______ some apples and oranges in the basket.
A. is
B. are
C. has
D. have
9. There _______ a pen and some paper on the desk.
A. are
B. is
C. has
D. have
10. There weren't _______ books in the library then.
A. some
B. any
C. a lot
D. many
11. The book is ____ the table.
A. on
B. in
C. under
D. at
12. My pen is ____ the pencil box.
A. on
B. in
C. under
D. behind
13. The cat is ____ the door.
A. on
B. in
C. under
D. behind
14. The school is ____ the park.
A. on
B. in
C. next to
D. under
15. There is a river ____ the city.
A. on
B. in
C. through
D. under
16. The bird is flying ____ the sky.
A. on
B. in
C. under
D. at
17. The library is ____ the school and the post office.
A. between
B. on
C. in
D. under
18. The bookshelf is ____ the wall.
A. on
B. in
C. against
D. under
19. The bridge is ____ the river.
A. on
B. in
C. over
D. under
20. The cat is sleeping ____ the sun.
A. on
B. in
C. under
D. by
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