新概念英语第三册 Lesson 14 A noble gangster 课件

Lesson14 A noble ganster There was a time when the owners of shop and businesses in Chicago had to pay large sums of money to gangsters in return for' protection' If the money was not paid promptly, the gangsters would quickly put a man out of business by destroying his shop. Obtaining 'protechon money' is not a modern crime. As long ago as the fourteenth century, an Englishman, Sir John Hawkwood, made the remarkable discovery that people would rather pay large sums of money than have their life work destroyed by gangsters. Six hundred years ago, Sir John Hawkwood arrived in Italy with a band of soldiers and settled near Florence. He soon made a name for himself and came to be known to the Italians as Giovanni Acuto. Whenever the Italian city-states were at war with each other, Hawkwood used to hire his soldiers to princes who were willing to pay the high price he demanded. In times of peace, when business was bad, Hawkwood and his men would march into a city-state and, after burning down a few farms, would offer to go away if protection money was paid to them. Hawkwood made large sums of money in this way. In spite of this, the Italians regarded him as a sort of hero. When he died at the age of eighty, the Florentines gave him a state funeral and had a picture painted which was dedicated to the memory of 'the most valiant soldier and most notable leader, Signor Giovanni Haukodue'. 课文原文 新词 Gangster n.歹徒，强盗 city-state n.(古代)城邦 Chicago n.芝加哥（美国城市） Hire v.租出，雇给 protection n.保护 prince n.君主，诸侯 promptly adj.及时地 Florentine n.佛罗伦萨人 destroy v.毁掉；消灭 funeral n.葬礼 remarkable adj.不寻常的 dedicate v.奉献，题献给 band n.帮，团伙 memory n.纪念 Florence n.佛罗伦萨(意大利城市) valiant adj.英勇的 protect  v.  保护   1.Protectagainst  : a防御   2.defend  v.保护 Defend motherland  ： 保家卫国   3.guard   v.守护 N.保镖，保安 4.promptly ad.立刻，迅速 ⑴Prompt  a. without delay 根据课文原文回答下列问题 1 Where did Sir John Hawkwood settle six hundred years ago?_____________________________________ 2 Whom did he hire soldiers to in times of war?____________________________________________ 3 Would he threaten to destroy a city-state in times of peace or not?___________________________________ 4 When would he spare a city-state?____________________________________________ 5 Did the Italians regard him as a hero in spite of this or not?________________________________ 6 How old was he when he died?____________________________________________ 7 Who gave him a state funeral when he died?____________________________________________ 8 Did they have a picture painted or not?____________________________________________ 9 What was it dedicated to?____________________________________________ 回答问题： How did Hawkwood make money in times of peace? ——How{疑问词} did Hawkwood{s1，名词作主语} make{v1} money{o1，名词作受词} in times{介词+名词组成介词短语作副词修饰o1} of peace{介词短语作副词修饰副词}? 【回答】They march into city-states and ,after burning down a few farms ,would offer to go away if the protection money was paid to them. 逐句分析 ①There was a time （when the owners of shops and businesses in Chicago had to pay large sums of money to gangsters） in return for 'protection'. 【句子成分分析】—There{s1} was{v1} a time{名词作补语c1} （when{副从引导词} the owners{s1,名词短语作主词} of shops and businesses{介词+n+and+n,介词短语作副词} in Chicago{介短作副} had{v2} to pay large sums{不定时做名词受词} of money{介短作副} to gangsters{介短作副}） in return{介短作副} for 'protection'{介短作副}. pay large sums of money to sb.　向某人付大笔大笔的费用 in return for 目的是为了换取----作为对……的回报 Eg.: He gave me some books in return for my help. when 引导状语从句修饰time 例子：There was a time when mini skirt was in fashion. ② If the money was not paid promptly, the gangsters would quickly put a man out of business by destroying his shop. 【句子成分分析】—If{副从引导词} the money{s1，名词作主语} was{v1,be动词} not paid{形容词作补语c1} promptly{副词}, the gangsters{s2,名词作主语} would{助动词} quickly{副词} put{v2} a man{o2,名词作受词} out{介副词} of business{介短作副} by destroying his shop{介短作副}. promptly: immediately put a man out of business: 使某人失业 put sb./使某人失去…… Eg.: You are putting me out of patience. Eg.: You have already put everything out of order. put it out of your mind 忘记这件事情吧 by destroying his shop 通过……手段 Eg.: You are putting me out of patience by disturbing me. ③Obtaining 'protection money', is not a modern crime. 【句子成分分析】—Obtaining 'protection money'{s1,动名词+受词作主语}, is{v1} not a modern crime{c1,名词作补语 }. obtaining... obtaining: getting 动名词短语作主语：句子中的“Obtaining 'protection money'”是一个动名词短语，它作为整个句子的主语。动名词短语（gerund phrase）是由动名词（即动词的-ing形式用作名词）加上其所需的任何修饰语或宾语组成，能够像名词一样在句子中作主语、宾语、表语等。这里，“Obtaining”作为动名词，表示“获得”的动作，而“'protection money'”则是该动作的直接宾语，指“保护费”。 主谓一致：由于主语是动名词短语“Obtaining 'protection money'”，它被视为单数概念，因此谓语动词使用了单数形式“is”，体现了主谓一致的原则。 ④As long ago as the fourteenth century , an Englishman, Sir John Hawkwood, made the remarkable discovery (that people would rather pay large sums of money than have their life work destroyed by gangsters). —As long ago as the fourteenth century{t,时间副词}, an Englishman{s1}, Sir John Hawkwood{主词同位语}, made{v1} the remarkable discovery{o1,名词作受词} ({省略关系词} that people{s2} would rather pay{v1} large sums{o1} of money{介短作副} than{对比词}{省略主词} have{v3} their life work{o3} {省略引导词}destroyed{v4} by gangsters{介短作副}). as long ago as 追溯回到；　dating back to Eg.: I knew Jane as long ago as the year 1980. John Hawkwood's discovery was quite remarkable make the remarkable discovery 做出不同寻常的发现 would rather ...than...宁愿而不 Eg.: He would rather die than surrender. Eg.: I would rather play tennis than swim. ⑤ Six hundred years ago, Sir John Hawkwood arrived in Italy with a band of soldiers and settled near Florence. —Six hundred years ago{名词短语作时间副词}, Sir John Hawkwood{s1,名词作主语} arrived{v1} in Italy{介短作副} with a band{介短作副} of soldiers{介短作副} and{连词}{省略主词} settled{v2} near Florence{介短作副}. 介词短语作状语：“in Italy”和“near Florence”是两个介词短语，分别修饰两个谓语动作“arrived”和“settled”，说明动作发生的地点。介词短语在句子中常作状语，用于提供关于动作发生的时间、地点、方式等额外信息。 “with a band of soldiers”是一个介词短语，作为伴随状语修饰第一个谓语“arrived”，说明Sir John Hawkwood到达意大利时的情况是带着一队士兵。 整个句子是一个并列句，由并列连词“and”连接两个并列的分句。第一个分句描述Sir John Hawkwood到达意大利的情况，第二个分句描述他定居的地点。这种结构使得句子能够同时传达两个相关的信息点。 ⑥He soon made a name for himself and came to be known to the Italians as Giovanni Acuto. —He{s1} soon made{v1} a name{o1} for himself{介短作形容词宾补c1} and{连词}{省略主词} came{v2} to be known{不定式作名词受词o2} to the Italians{介短作副} as Giovanni Acuto{介短作副}. make a name for oneself 使某人自己出名 come to be known as 作为……而为人所知 be famous as 作为……而出名, be famous for 因……而出名 ⑦Whenever the Italian city-states were at war with each other, Hawkwood used to hire his soldiers to princes who were willing to pay the high price he demanded. —Whenever{名从引导词} the Italian city-states{s1} were{v1} at war{介短作形容词补语} with{连词} each other{介短作副}, Hawkwood{s2} used{v2} to hire his soldiers{不定式作名词受词} to princes{介短作副} who{关系词,s3} were{v3} willing to pay the high price{不定式名词，作为动名词受词,c3,先行词}{省略关系词} he{s3} demanded{v3}. 状语从句： “Whenever the Italian city-states were at war with each other”是一个时间状语从句，由连词“Whenever”引导，表示“每当...的时候”。它描述了主句动作发生的一个前提条件或时间背景。 定语从句： “who were willing to pay the high price he demanded”是一个定语从句，修饰先行词“princes”。其中，“who”是关系代词，指代“princes”； “be willing to”（愿意）、 “demand”（要求） ⑧ In times of peace, when business was bad, Hawkwood and his men would march into a city-state and, after burning down a few farms, would offer to go away if protection money was paid to them. —In times{介短作副} of peace{介短作副}, when{副从引导词} business{s1} was{v1} bad{c1}, Hawkwood and his men{s2} would march{v2} into a city-state and, after{副从引导词} burning{s3} down{v3} a few farms{o3}, {省略主词} would offer{v4} to go away{介短作副} if{副从引导词} protection money{s5} was{v5} paid{c5} to them{介短作副}. 时间状语从句： “In times of peace, when business was bad”是一个时间状语从句，“when”引导了一个从句，作为主句动作发生的时间条件。 条件状语从句： “if protection money was paid to them”是一个条件状语从句，修饰主句中的第二个动作“would offer to go away”。语态与时态： 全句使用了过去将来时（would march, would offer, was paid），这种时态常用于描述过去某个时间点上将要发生的动作或状态，使得整个句子带有一种历史叙述的口吻。 词汇与短语： “march into”（进入）、“burn down”（烧毁）、“offer to”（提出）、“protection money”（保护费） ⑨ Hawkwood made large sums of money in this way. —Hawkwood{s1} made{v1} large sums{o1} of money{介短作副} in this way{介短作副}. “large sums of money”是一个短语，其中“large sums”修饰“money”，表示大量的金钱。这是高考中常见的短语和词组考点，要求考生能够理解和运用各种短语和词组来丰富句子表达。 代词指代： “in this way”中的“this”是一个代词，指代前面提到的Hawkwood和他的士兵们通过烧毁农场并要求支付保护费的方式。代词指代是高考中的一个重要考点，要求考生能够准确理解代词所指代的内容。 逻辑与语境： 这句话出现在描述Hawkwood和他的士兵们在和平时期因生意不景气而采取的行动及其结果的语境中。考生需要通过理解整个语境来推断出“this way”具体指的是什么方式，并理解这种方式如何帮助Hawkwood赚取了大量金钱。这种逻辑与语境的理解能力是高考英语中不可或缺的一部分。 词汇与语法： 句子中的词汇如“made”、“large sums”、“money”等都是基础词汇，但它们的组合和使用方式却能够表达出丰富的意义。同时，句子也遵循了正确的语法规则，如主谓一致、名词的数等。这是高考英语中对词汇和语法掌握程度的基本要求。 ⑩In spite of this, the Italians regarded him as a sort of hero. ——In spite{介短作副} of this{介短作副}, the Italians{s1} regarded{v1} him{o1} as a sort{介短作副} of hero{介短作副}. In spite of 尽管、不管、虽然：表示尽管存在某种情况或条件，但仍然发生或存在另一种情况。 [同义词组] in despite of for all that ⑪When he died at the age of eighty, the Florentines gave him a state funeral and had a picture painted which was dedicated to the memory of 'the most valiant soldier and most notable leader, Signor Giovanni Haukodue‘. ——When{副从引导词} he{s1} died{v1} at the age{介短作副} of eighty{介短作副}, the Florentines{s2} gave{v2} him{o2-1} a state funeral{o2-2} and{连词}{省略主词} had{v3} a picture painted{o3,形容词放名词短语后共同组成名词短语} which{关系词,s4} was{v4} dedicated{c4} to the memory{介短作副} of 'the most valiant soldier and most notable leader{介短作副}, Signor Giovanni Haukodue{同位语}‘. 时间状语从句： “When he died at the age of eighty”是一个时间状语从句，它修饰主句“the Florentines gave him a state funeral and had a picture painted”。这里使用了“when”来引导一个具体的时间点，即Hawkwood去世时。 并列句： 主句部分由并列连词“and”连接了两个并列的动作：“gave him a state funeral”和“had a picture painted”。这两个动作都是Florentines在Hawkwood去世后所做的事情，并列句的使用使得句子结构紧凑，信息丰富。 被动语态： “was given”和“was painted”都使用了被动语态，强调了Hawkwood作为动作承受者的身份。这在描述历史事件或传统习俗时很常见，也是英语中的一种重要语法现象。 定语从句： “which was dedicated to the memory of 'the most valiant soldier and most notable leader, Signor Giovanni Haukodue‘”是一个非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词“a picture”。这个定语从句提供了关于这幅画的额外信息，即它的目的和主题。 词汇与短语： 句子中使用了如“state funeral”（国葬）、“dedicate to”（献给）、“valiant soldier”（英勇的士兵）、“notable leader”（杰出的领袖）等词汇和短语，这些表达都与描述Hawkwood的荣誉和地位紧密相关。 综合语法 PART ONE Would rather do than do" 是一个常用的英语结构，用于表达在两个选项之间更倾向于选择前者，而不是后者。这个结构强调了个人偏好或选择。这里的“do”是动词原形，用于表示两个并列的动作或状态，但实际使用时，这些动词会根据具体语境进行变化。 语法结构 基本形式：would rather + 动词原形 + than + 动词原形 这个结构中的“would rather”和“than”是固定的，而两个“动词原形”则根据你想要表达的具体内容来替换 含义 这个结构表达的是“宁愿做某事而不愿做另一件事”的意思。它强调了说话者对两个选项之间的偏好。 基本示例： I would rather walk than take the bus. （我宁愿走路也不愿乘公交车。） 使用不同动词： She would rather read a book than watch TV. （她宁愿看书也不愿看电视。） 包含情态动词的变体（注意，虽然“would rather”本身包含情态动词“would”，但后面的动词仍用原形）： I would rather stay at home than go out in the rain. （我宁愿待在家里也不愿在雨中外出。） 否定形式（通常通过否定“than”后面的部分来表达）： I would rather not eat out tonight than spend all my money. （我宁愿今晚不在家吃饭，也不愿花光所有的钱。） 注意：虽然这里用了“not eat out”，但“would rather”本身并没有直接否定，而是通过“than”后面的内容来隐含否定意义。 注意事项 在这个结构中，两个“动词原形”必须保持一致的时态（尽管它们都是原形，但指的是在同一时间框架内的动作）。 有时，为了强调或使句子更流畅，可以在“would rather”和“than”之间加入一些额外的信息，如“just”、“simply”或描述性的短语。 这个结构在口语和书面语中都很常见，是表达个人偏好或选择的有效方式。 I would rather__________( watch) a movie than go shopping. She would rather_________( study) at home than go out with friends. I would rather_________( get )up early than miss breakfast. He would rather_________( ride) a bike to work than drive. I would rather_________( read) a book in the library than watch TV. She would rather he _________(cook) by himself than order takeout. I would rather _________ ( not take） a walk than do exercise. He would rather I_________( not listen) to music than attend a lecture. I would rather he_________ ( stay) at home than go on a trip. She would rather they _________ (eat )with her family than alone. $$