内容正文:
中考英语语法复习及练习 --- 现在完成时
现在完成时
一、结构:have/has + 动词的过去分词
二、用法:
1.表示:过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。
2.表示:过去已经开始,持续到现在的动作或状态。
e.g.I have finished my homework.
I have studied English for six years.
三、句型的基本结构:
肯定式:主语 + have / has + 过去分词
否定式:主语 + have / has + not + 过去分词
一般疑问句:Have / Has + 主语 + 过去分词
Yes, 主语 + have/has.(肯定) No, 主语 + haven't/hasn't.(否定)
特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+have/has+主语+过去分词
常用的时间状语:already, yet, just, ever, never, before,for, since, since…ago
注意
1.当表示一段时间,现在完成时可以用for 或since引导的状语。
e.g.I’ve known Li Li for 4 years.
I have worked here since 8 years ago.
2.当在肯定陈述句中含有already或just 时,在转换成否定句时,要把句中的already 或just 去掉,在句末加上yet.。
e.g.I have already seen the film. --- I haven’t seen the film yet.
四、特殊情况
1.“have/ has got ” 形式上是一种完成时,但和have/ has 为同一意思“有”。
e.g.Have you got pen-friends? Yes, I have.你有笔友吗?是的,我有。
2. have/has gone to 、have/has been to 和have/has been in的区别
have/ has gone to 去了,在去某地的路上或在某地,人还未回来
have/ has been to 曾经去过,人已经回来了
e.g.He has been to Shenyang before. 他以前曾去过沈阳。
Has he gone to Shenyang? 他去沈阳了吗?
3.非延续性动词不能用“现在完成时 + 表示一段时间的状语”的句型中。
这类动词有:come, go, start, leave, die, buy, finish, join, borrow, stop等。但它们能够用表示持续状态的相应的延续性动词替换句中的非延续性性动词。
buy → have begin, start → be on die → be dead
borrow→keep join → be in/be a member of
延续性动词和非延续性动词的替换 begin(start)→be on die →be dead leave →be away (from) fall ill(sick, asleep)→be ill(sick, asleep) get up→be up go out →be out finish →be over put on →wear 或be on open →be open join →be in或 be a member of close →be closed go to school→be a student borrow →keep buy/get →have catch(a cold)→ have(a cold) get to know →know begin to study→study come to work→work move to → live in finish/end → be over come to → be in sit down → be seated marry → be married dress → be dressed
五、一般过去时与现在完成时的比较
一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情,强调动作;现在完成时为过去发生的,强调过去的事情对现在的影响,强调的是影响。
e.g.She has returned from Paris. 她已从巴黎回来了。
She returned yesterday. 她是昨天回来了
跟踪练习
单项选择
1.You____me waiting for two hours.I_____for you since five.
A.Kept...waited B.have kept...waited
C.kept...have waited D.have kept...have waited
2.I_____the way.I______here for quite many years.
A.knew...have lived B.knew...live C.know...have lived D.know...live
3._____you ever_____America? Yes,I have.
A.Have...gone to B.Have...gone in
C.Have...been to D.Have...been in
4.My brother_______college for over three years.
A.has gone to B.has been to C.has been in D.has been for
5.He_____the Army by the end of 1992. He ____ in the army since then.
A.joined...is B.has joined...has been
C.had joined...is D.had joined...has been
6.Mother____me a new coat yesterday, I_____it on. It fits me well.
A.has made...have tried B.made...have tried C.has made...tried D.made...tried
7.Tom ____ up into the tree. Look,he_____high up there!
A. has got...is B.has climbed...was C.got...was D.climbed...is
8._____you_____the text yet? Yes,we_____it two hours ago.
A.Did...copy...did B.Have...copied...have C.Have...copied...did D.Did...copy...had
9._____you______the film before? Where____you_____it ?
A.Have...seen...did...see B.Did...see...die...watch
C.Have...seen...have...seen D.Did...see...have...seen
10.Mike used to be a top student, but he ______behind since he lost himself in computer games. .
A.fell B.has fallen C.was D.has been
参考答案:
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