选择性必修第一册 Unit 5 Revealing Nature 第1课时（Word教师用书）-【创新方案】2025年高考英语一轮总复习（外研版2019）

第1课时——精析重难点·核心词汇的深化学习 Ⅰ.单词拼写 1．Suspecting (怀疑) the traveler of carrying prohibited items, the customs official stopped him and went through his suitcase. 2．If children were made to feel inferior to other children, their confidence would decline (减少)． 3．He made an apology so as not to be blamed (责怪) for what he had done. 4．Asia and Europe, being two different areas, are linked (连接) together by mountains and rivers. 5．The study shows that smoking may generate (产生) long－term stress — even if people feel it offers temporary relief. 6．Seen from the air, the Great Wall looks like a giant (巨大的) dragon. Ⅱ.单句语法填空 1．Honestly speaking, we all suspected the little boy of not telling the truth to us. 2．These memories of my years in that distant village are_rooted (root) in my heart and run deep. 3．Experts believe that the illness is_linked (link) to the use of chemical pesticide. 4．The managing director was_blamed (blame) for the accident, although it was not really his fault. 5．The detective (detect) got the suspect as he came out of the restaurant. 6．It seems obvious that evolution (evolve) should select for larger brains. 7．Natural selection ensures only the fittest survive to pass their genes on to the next generation (generate)． 8．A characteristic (character) of the camel is its ability to live for a long time without water. 9．It's a disgrace that they make fun of the disabled. 10．More efforts must be made, because the population of the endangered species in the wild is on the decline. Ⅲ.熟词生义(写出黑体部分的词性及汉语意思) 1. After the quarrel Sue remained cold and distant. adj.疏远的，不友好的 2．Some of the evidence they produced was highly suspect. adj.不可信的 3．Offered the position of chairman, Smith declined, preferring to keep his current job. v．拒绝 4．Money, or love of money, is said to be the root of all evil. n．根源，起因 5．I clicked on the link to the next page of the website. n．链接 Ⅳ.选词填空 1．It shocks us that the man in_question has made a contribution to the abstract art. 2．I think the most useful invention of_all_time is Internet. 3．Before the Spring Festival, many shops are_crowded_with shoppers. 4．It took Helen more than half a year to adapt_to the life in that African country. 5．They offer a_variety_of activities to excite your kid's interest. 6．As we all know, the panda which is loved by people worldwide is_native_to China. Ⅴ.多维表达 1．(完成句子)Don't always put/lay/place_the_blame_for_your_own_ failure_on/blame_your_own_failure_on others. 不要总把自己的失败归咎于他人。 2．(完成句子)It_was_your_encouragement_and_patience_that inspired me with interest in this subject. 是你的鼓励和耐心激发了我对这门学科的兴趣。 3．(完成句子)I was a little nervous at first, but everyone was so_nice_and_friendly_that I soon stopped worrying. 起初我有些紧张，但所有人都那么亲切友好，以至于我很快就不担心了。 4．(完成句子)The film will be shown this Sunday afternoon, lasting_two_hours,_from_4：00_to_6：00. 这部影片将在本周日下午放映，持续两个小时，从4：00到6：00。 5．(一句多译)据说前几天她写了一份关于野生动物保护的报告。 ①It_is_said_that she wrote a report about wildlife protection the other day.(it作形式主语) ②She is_said_to_have_written a report about wildlife protection the other day.(be＋过去分词＋动词不定式) 6．Although Lucy is keen on dumplings, she is unable to make them herself. →While_Lucy_is_keen_on_dumplings,_she is unable to make them herself.(while) 1．distant adj.遥远的；冷淡的 |助|表|达|　 (续写之景物描写)At night, lights twinkle in distant villages across the valleys. 夜间，山谷那头的遥远村落里灯光闪闪。 |精|归|纳|　 (1)be distant from距……很远；与……不同 (2)distance n. 距离 within walking distance 步行就能到 in the distance 在远处 from a distance 从远处 keep one's distance from ...与……保持距离；疏远…… |应|用|通|(单句语法填空/完成句子)　 ①In a distant (distance) country in Africa, he found his root. ②Chet sat quietly for hours staring into the distance (distant), thinking what might have happened. ③In the distance, the sky was beginning to brighten. ④You can also visit the city museum, which is within walking distance of the hotel where you stay. 你也可以参观城市博物馆，从你住的酒店走着就能到。 2．decline v．减少，下降；谢绝 n．减少，下降，衰落 |助|表|达|　 (续写之动作描写) She declined with a shake of the head.她摇摇头拒绝了。 |精|归|纳|　 (1)decline (to do) sth.　　拒绝(做)某事 decline to/by ... 减少到/减少了…… (2)in decline＝on the decline＝fall/go into (a) decline 在衰退/减少/下降 a sharp decline in ... 在……方面的急剧下降 |应|用|通|(单句语法填空/完成句子)　 ①People can expect software error rates to decline to 10 to 15 percent in another few years. ②The number of trees larger than two feet across has declined by 50 percent. ③Howard has declined to_come (come) and in that case we can ask somebody else. ④Occupied in preparing for my final exam, I have no alternative but to_decline_your_invitation. 因为忙于准备期末考试，我别无选择只能谢绝你的邀请。 ⑤Due to serious pollution, the number of many animals is_now_on_the_decline/in_decline. 由于污染严重，很多动物的数量现在正在减少。 名师指津：(1)表示“增加”或“减少”的幅度常用介词by，后面常跟百分数；表示“增加到”或“减少到”常用介词to，后面常跟具体数字。 (2)表示“减少，下降”的词或短语还有：decrease, lessen, reduce, drop off；表示“拒绝”的词或短语还有：refuse, reject, turn down。 3．blame v．责怪，指责；把……归咎于 n．责备；指责 |助|表|达|　 (续写之心理描写) With so much blame pouring like flood, Daniel was too sorrowful to utter a single word. 如此多的责备如洪水般涌来，Daniel悲伤得说不出一句话。 |精|归|纳|　 (1)blame sb.for ...　　　　因……而责备某人 blame sth.on sb. 把某事归咎于某人 be to blame (for)应(为……)承担责任/受责备 (2)lay/put/place the blame for sth.on sb. 将某事归咎于某人 take the blame (for) 应(为……)承担责任/受责备 |应|用|通|　 (1)单句语法填空 ①This famous quote conveys that when faced with failure, we should reflect on ourselves instead of putting the blame on others. ②They blamed it on the teacher rather than themselves, which resulted in even poorer performance. ③The large factory linked to the river is_blamed (blame) for the pollution here. (2)句式升级/补全语段 ④Alice was in low spirits because she was blamed for the breakdown of the school computer network. →Blamed_for_the_breakdown_of_the_school_computer_network,_Alice was in low spirits.(过去分词短语作状语) ⑤When getting along with others, we shouldn't always blame_mistakes_on_others.After all, many times we are_also_to_blame.So instead of blaming_others,_we should communicate more and put ourselves in others' place. 当和其他人相处时，我们不应该总把错误归咎于其他人。毕竟，很多时候我们也应受责备。因此，我们应该多交流、换位思考，而不是指责其他人。 名师指津：(1)sb.be to blame在形式上是主动的，但表示被动的意义，可译为“某人应受责备”。 (2)使用被动语态时， blame常用于短语be blamed by sb.“被某人责备”；be blamed for “因……而被责备”。 语境迁移应用(运用本单元知识完成下列语段) 主题语境——共同保护生物多样性 International Day for Biological Diversity is on 22nd, May every year.Now I am writing to ①appeal_to_you_to_answer_the_call (呼吁你们响应号召) to protect creatures in the world. As we know from this year's International Day for Biological Diversity, the population of rare plants and animals worldwide is ②on_the_decline/in_decline (在减少), which has raised (用本单元词汇替换黑体词：③generated) growing concern.It is we human beings that ④are_to_blame (应负责任)．Since our existence is closely linked ⑤with environment, we have a moral obligation to protect the environment. Ⅰ.阅读理解 A (2024·盐城模拟)Both humans and animals possess the ability to cry out for help when endangered or threatened.Plants, as it turns out, can too. “We found that plants usually emit (发出) sounds when they are under stress and that each plant and each type of stress is associated with a specific identifiable sound，” researchers from Tel Aviv University wrote in their findings, published in the scientific journal Cell.“While undetectable to the human ear, the sounds emitted by plants can probably be heard by various animals, such as bats, mice, and insects.” Stressors like dehydration (脱水) and damage to leaves gave rise to the plants' high－pitched (尖声的) cries, which ranged from 20 to 250 kHz.The bigger the danger, the more frequent a plant's signals.“Unstressed plants emitted less than one sound per hour, on average，” researcher Lilach Hadany said, “while the stressed plants — both dehydrated and injured — emitted dozens of sounds every hour.” To catch these sounds, Hadany's team surrounded tomato and tobacco plants with super－sensitive microphones.They then fed the data into an artificial intelligence program that could tell the difference between the species of plant and the types of sounds produced. “Our findings suggest that the world around us is full of plant sounds, and that these sounds contain information，” Hadany wrote.She added that to translate that information, we just need the “right tools such as sensors that tell growers when plants need watering.” Doing so, researchers noted, may allow farmers to judge exactly when and where to water crops.Saving water, increasing harvests, and lowering stress for both plant and humankind. 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了关于植物会发声的研究。 1．What did researchers from Tel Aviv University find? A．Creatures tend to cry out for help when in danger. B．Plants can give off sounds when they are stressed. C．Plant sounds can be heard by both animals and humans. D．Plants make the same sound whatever type of stress they have. 解析：选B　细节理解题。根据第二段第一句可知， 特拉维夫大学的研究人员发现植物在有压力时会发出声音。 2．What does the author want to show in paragraph 3? A．The influence of stress on plants. B．The urgency of relieving stress of plants. C．The possibility of plants emitting sounds. D．The importance of conducting the research. 解析：选A　推理判断题。根据第三段内容特别是第一句可推知， 作者在第三段主要想介绍压力对植物的影响。 3．Why was an artificial intelligence program used in the research? A．To help get rid of plant stress. B．To identify the types of stress. C．To collect sounds emitted by plants. D．To analyze the collected sounds of plants. 解析：选D　细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句可知，在研究中使用人工智能是为了分析收集到的植物声音。 4．What can we learn from Hadany's words in the last paragraph? A．The research is of practical value. B．It's difficult to understand plant sounds. C．Further research is needed in the future. D．It's as easy as pie for farmers to grow crops. 解析：选A　推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句可推知， Hadany的话表明该研究具有一定的实用价值。故选A项。 B (2024·淄博模拟)It has long been known that bees live in large, and highly complex societies.But bumblebees maybe smarter than previously thought.New research from the scientists at the Queen Mary University of London, UK, shows that bees can learn how to problem－solve from one another. The new study has shown that bees can learn to solve even complex behaviors through cooperation.In order to test their theories researchers designed a fairly simple puzzle for bees to solve.A bee was placed in a box that could either be opened by pushing a red label or blue label and then would receive a sugary treat for their efforts.The bee was then re－released back to its colony (领地)．Amazingly enough, the bees in colonies that are home to those bees who learned to open the puzzle using the red label all used the red label to open the puzzle, while the bees in the blue colony all used the blue label. Dr.Alice Bridges, a lead on the study, said, “These creatures are really quite incredible.They're really, really good at learning despite having these tiny, tiny brains.Our research suggests that social learning may have had a greater influence on the evolution of this behavior than previously imagined.” Professor Lars Chittka, the author of the book The Mind of a Bee, said: “We tend to overlook the ‘alien civilisations’ formed by bees and ants on our planet — because they are small－bodied and their societies and architectural constructions seem governed by birth at first glance.Our research shows, however, that new innovations can spread like social media memes (模因) through insect colonies, indicating that they can respond to wholly new environmental challenges much faster than by evolutionary changes, which would take many generations to show.” Regardless of how one defines culture, the discovery that bumblebees share information is an astonishing evidence to the complexity of the natural world.Even the smallest insect is a part of a much larger ecosystem and is as much a part of the natural order of things as is humankind. 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。一项新研究表明，蜜蜂可以通过互相学习来解决问题，应对新环境。 5．What is the purpose of the study? A．To prove bees' social nature. B．To explain bees' complex behaviors. C．To confirm bees' problem－solving ability. D．To test bees' ability of identifying colors. 解析：选C　细节理解题。根据文章第一段最后一句以及第二段前两句可知，该项研究的目的是证实蜜蜂可以从彼此身上学习如何解决问题。故选C项。 6．How do bees respond to the new environment in the study? A．By trial and error. B．By recognizing dances. C．By evolutionary changes. D．By observation and imitation. 解析：选D　推理判断题。根据文章第二段最后一句可知，蜂群里的蜜蜂可以通过观察并模仿同伴的行为，用对应颜色标签解开谜题。故D项与文章内容最相符。 7．What can be inferred from Professor Lars Chittka's words? A．Information delivery is formed by nature. B．Bees react to the new environment swiftly. C．People can be well aware of insects' actions. D．New information spreads among the insects randomly. 解析：选B　推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段最后一句可知，Lars Chittka教授认为，昆虫可以更快地应对全新的环境挑战。 8．What does the author think of the discovery? A．It deserves to be valued. B．It gains high approval. C．It is overvalued. D．It is underestimated. 解析：选A　推理判断题。根据文章最后一段可知，作者认为不管人们如何定义文化，大黄蜂分享信息的惊人发现是自然界复杂性的一个证据。由此可推知，作者认为这一发现是很有价值的，值得被重视。 Ⅱ.阅读七选五 (2024·天门模拟)A major benefit of growing your own tomatoes is variety.If you visit a garden center, you will find seeds and small starter plants for yellow tomatoes, purple tomatoes, huge tomatoes, and even very small tomatoes. __9__.The most important things are to give the plants plenty of water, well－draining soil, heat and light.It is best to grow tomatoes in a place that receives at least six hours of sunlight each day.Removing weeds will keep pests and diseases away while giving the plants enough nutrients to produce fruit. Tomatoes grow best in soil with a pH level between 6.0 and 6.8.If the pH reading is lower than 6.0, you can add about 2 cups of dolomitic lime (石灰) into the soil for each plant. If you want to grow really big tomatoes, try following these seven tips from expert growers: Select tomato seeds with names like Big Zac or Bull's Heart.__10__. Start seeds early indoors and re－plant them into larger containers several times before moving them outdoors.__11__， removing leaves from the bottom one－third of plants and burying stems up to the next set of leaves.This will produce stronger plants. Remove new flowers that develop at the top of the plant when older fruits near the bottom begin to grow.__12__.Pay close attention! Observe the plants daily for pests and diseases.React quickly to prevent problems. Remove the small growths where the plant's stems and branches meet.This will prevent them from taking away nutrients and shading developing fruit under them. __13__ instead of letting them develop into a shorter, wider shrub (灌木)． Finally, water, fertilize and weed! A．Plant them deep each time B．Rich soil benefits the growth C．Tomatoes are not difficult to grow D．Skills are demanding in growing tomatoes E．Cut back the plants to keep only one main branch F．They are all genetically designed to produce large fruit G．This will force the plant to produce fewer but larger tomatoes 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了如何种植西红柿。 9．选C　下文描述了如何种植西红柿，C项“西红柿不难种植”可以统领下文。 10．选F　上文提到，如果想种植出大西红柿，可以选择Big Zac或Bull's Heart这样的西红柿种子，F项“它们的基因都被改良了，可以结出大的果实”承接上文。F项中的“They”指代上文中的“Big Zac”和“Bull's Heart”。 11．选A　根据空后“removing leaves from the bottom one－third of plants and burying stems up to the next set of leaves”可知，要把西红柿种得深一些。A项“每次都要把它们种得很深”符合语境。 12．选G　 上文提到，当底部附近的较老果实开始生长时，移除植物顶部发育的新花。G项“这将迫使植物生产更少但更大的西红柿”描述了这样做的结果，符合语境。 13．选E　根据空后“instead of letting them develop into a shorter, wider shrub (灌木)”可知，空处应描述避免让西红柿植株长成更短、更宽的灌木的方法，故E项“修剪植株，只保留一条主枝”符合语境。 Ⅲ.完形填空 I love wildlife.So when my friend said that we had a chance to __14__ brown bears in the High Tatras, I didn't think twice about it, and we __15__ arrangements to go the following week. The trip was a great __16__！ We walked for hours and stayed in a __17__ mountain hut which was usually reserved for park rangers.It actually took us some trouble even to locate it.As soon as we arrived, our guide __18__ to us that we would be fully integrated into their research programme and would be tracking the __19__ of bears wearing positioning transmitters.On the first day, we were woken up at sunrise and, after __20__ some warm clothes, set off into the forest.Our guide walked very __21__ and we had trouble keeping up with him.Suddenly he __22__ across a small hill.He must have caught sight of a bear.We followed him as fast as we could, but by the time we reached him, the bear had __23__ into the bushes.Later in the week, though, we did manage to observe several bears feeding on berries.We were so excited.Yet, __24__ hurrying to take photos, we __25__ our breath, stayed about 30 meters away and just watched them.Our guide insisted that we should keep our __26__ from the bears so as not to __27__ them. Observing bears in their natural habitat was really __28__.I had never experienced anything like that before.If I hadn't had to go back to school, I would happily have stayed on for several more weeks. 语篇解读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要讲述了作者和朋友一起去High Tatras追踪棕熊的经历。 14．A.hunt B．feed C．protect D．track 解析：选D　根据下文“tracking”可知，作者和朋友是要去山上追踪棕熊。 15．A.made B．changed C．cancelled D．quit 解析：选A　根据下文“arrangements to go the following week”可知，这里指作者他们为了去山上追踪棕熊做了一些安排。 16．A.deal B．danger C．success D．regret 解析：选C　根据下文“I had never experienced anything like that before.If I hadn't had to go back to school, I would happily have stayed on for several more weeks.”可知，作者对这次旅行非常满意，认为是一个大的成功。 17．A.safe B．comfortable C．remote D．beautiful 解析：选C　根据上文“We walked for hours”可知，这是他们步行几个小时才到的地方，所以应该是很偏远的。 18．A.recommended B．explained C．admitted D．reported 解析：选B　根据下文“to us that we would be fully integrated into their research programme and would be tracking the ________ of bears wearing positioning transmitters.”可知，这是导游向作者他们解释具体的安排。 19．A.habits B．leftovers C．photos D．movements 解析：选D　根据下文“of bears wearing positioning transmitters”可知，他们佩戴定位发射器应该是跟踪熊的运动。 20．A.throwing on B．tidying up C．paving for D．taking off 解析：选A　根据上文“we were woken up at sunrise”可知，这里指作者他们早上醒来之后的行为，应该是穿上暖和的衣服。 21．A.cautiously B．rapidly C．steadily D．casually 解析：选B　根据下文“we had trouble keeping up with him”可知，作者他们很难跟上向导，所以他应该是走得很快。 22．A.moved B．wandered C．paced D．dashed 解析：选D　根据上文“Our guide walked very ________ and we had trouble keeping up with him. Suddenly he”可知，向导走得很快，所以应该是突然冲过一座小山。 23．A.disappeared B．looked C．broken D．turned 解析：选A　根据下文“Later in the week, though, we did manage to observe several bears feeding on berries.”可知，作者他们第一次去的时候应该是熊消失在灌木丛中，他们没有看到熊。 24．A.due to B．instead of C．apart from D．as for 解析：选B　根据下文“just watched them”可知，作者他们除了观察熊，其他的什么都没有做。 25．A.drew B．held C．released D．caught 解析：选B　根据上文“We were so excited.”和下文“our breath”可知，作者他们发现了熊很激动，所以屏住呼吸，专注地看。 26．A.intention B．fear C．bravery D．distance 解析：选D　根据本句语境可知，导游坚决要求他们和熊之间保持一段距离。 27．A.attack B．train C．disturb D．feed 解析：选C　根据上文“Our guide insisted that we should keep our ________ from the bears”可知，作者他们和熊保持距离，应该是为了不打扰它们。 28．A.fascinating B．boring C．exhausting D．challenging 解析：选A　根据下文“我以前从未经历过那样的事情。如果不是我必须回到学校，我会很高兴再待几个星期。”可知，作者认为这次旅行很有趣。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$