选择性必修第三册 Unit 4 Adversity and Courage 第1课时（Word教师用书）-【创新方案】2025年高考英语一轮总复习（人教版2019）

第1课时——精析重难点·核心词汇的深化学习 Ⅰ.单词拼写 1．I'd earn minimum wage (工资)．I'd see how a factory worked. 2．My grandparents often look back on their bitter (痛苦的) life in their youth. 3．Helen was chosen for the job because she was the superior candidate (候选人)． 4．One shouldn't be selfish (自私的)．He should learn to care for others. 5．On closer examination it was found that the signature was not genuine (真正的)． 6．Skilled at putting up shelves and piecing together furniture (家具), she never pays someone else to do a job she can do herself. 7．Detectives carried out a thorough (彻底的) search of the building. 8．All of a sudden, she heard a bark (吠叫声) coming from around the corner. 9．He gathered handfuls of damp (潮湿的) tree leaves, wrapped them with string, and lit the bunch to create a torch (火把)． 10．All the family members need to have their own interests and recreations (娱乐活动)． Ⅱ.单句语法填空 1．He showed remarkable endurance (endure) throughout his illness. 2．I think I'm well qualified (qualify) for the accountant position here. 3．You will need to complete three written assignments (assign) per semester. 4．To our concern, some students are abandoned (abandon) to playing computer games. 5．If you have no selfish motives, you will not be suspicious and envious (envy) of others. 6．For work and life, you need passion and perseverance (persevere)． 7．The gentle breeze and singing birds seemed to cheer for him.Unfortunately (fortunate), David tripped over by a stone. 8．I sincerely hope you could offer your guidance (guide) on our performance. 9．My boy, it is your commitment (commit)and perseverance that eventually paid off. 10．Generally, students' inner motivation (motivate) is essential to their development. Ⅲ.熟词生义(写出黑体部分的词性及汉语意思) 1．He sank into a chair, and moved but once all that night.vi.坐下 2．Snow soon blanketed the frozen ground.vi.以厚层覆盖 3．A film crew was there from the Netherlands to shoot a documentary.n.专业团队 4．A control system plays an important role in the agricultural vehicle guidance system.n.导航 5．There was a violent crush at the gate into the stadium.n.拥挤的人群 Ⅳ.选词填空 be enthusiastic about, turn down, deal with, give off, make it, set off, cheer up, make fire 1．As long as we pull together, we'll make_it. 2．Cheer_up and look on the bright side of life. 3．We must take positive steps to deal_with the problem. 4．My proposal got turned_down,_which bathed me in extreme sadness. 5．She waved bye to her mom and set_off cheerfully towards the bus stop. 6．There are a variety of flowers in the garden, which give_off a nice smell. 7．Seeing that nobody was_enthusiastic_about it, we decided to cancel the trip. 8．When I was nine years old, I saw people use tree trunk to make_fire. Ⅴ.多维表达 1．(完成句子)I have_been_reading Youth since it was published. 《青年》发行以来，我一直读它。 2．(完成句子)It_happened_that_he_told_me_not_to_depend_on_fortune,_but on hard work. 碰巧他告诉我不要依赖运气，而是要靠努力工作。 3．(完成句子)If I had_an_opportunity,_I should/would_certainly_take_part_in another language exchange activity. 如果有机会，我一定会再参加一个语言交流活动。 4．(一句多译)要是没有他的帮助，我的英语水平不会有很大的提高。 ①Without_his_aid,_my skills in English wouldn't have been greatly improved.(without虚拟语气) ②If_it_weren't_for_his_aid,_my skills in English wouldn't have been greatly improved.(条件句的虚拟语气) 1．enthusiastic adj.热情的；热心的 |助|表|达|　 (续写之动作描写)Every morning, Sam is so enthusiastic to begin his day that he jumps out of bed and begins to sing. 每天早上，山姆都如此热衷于开始他的一天，以至于他从床上跳起来开始唱歌。 |精|归|纳|　 (1)be/become enthusiastic about (doing) sth.热衷于……；对(做)某事热心 be enthusiastic to do sth.　　 热衷于做某事 (2)enthusiasm n. 热情；热心 have an/the enthusiasm to do sth. 有做某事的热情 |应|用|通|(单句语法填空/完成句子)　 ①Perhaps my best reason for editing this book is a hope of sharing my enthusiasm (enthusiastic) for the theater with others. ②Moore is enthusiastic about the candy she created, and she's also positive about what the future might bring. ③When I visited the village, the local people were very enthusiastic to_tell (tell) me a legend. ④(2023·浙江1月高考写作)Through this meaningful activity, I gained numerous knowledge on plants and have_become_enthusiastic_about_them. 通过这次有意义的活动，我获得了许多关于植物的知识，并对植物产生了热情。 ⑤I_am_not_only_full_of_enthusiasm_but_also_easy_to_get_along/on_with,_which makes me qualified for the voluntary work advertised in the newspaper. 我不仅充满热情而且容易相处，这使得我能胜任报纸上所刊登的志愿者工作。 2．assign vt.分派；布置；分配 |助|表|达|　 (续写之情绪描写)After finishing the book assigned by my English teacher, I felt a growing sense of excitement and curiosity. 读完英语老师布置的书后，我感到越来越兴奋和好奇。 |先|体|验|(单句语法填空/完成句子)　 ①The reporter was assigned to_cover (cover)international news. ②We assign different questions to everyone, and then everyone must answer the assigned (assign) questions. ③We believe the time and hard work involved in completing such an assignment (assign)are worthwhile. ④Two more classmates are_assigned_to_assist him with his project. 又有两名学生被派来协助他的项目。 ⑤Now that he hasn't fully recovered yet, it will not be proper to assign_him_such_a_hard_job. 既然他身体还没有完全恢复，指派他干这样艰难的工作不合适。 |再|归|纳|　 (1)assign sb.to do sth.　　 安排/分配某人做某事 assign sth.to sb.＝assign sb.sth. 把某事安排给某人 be assigned to sb./sth. 被指派/被分配给…… (2)assignment n. (工作等的)分派；布置 联想发散：assign后接双宾语，相同用法的还有： award sb.sth.＝award sth.to sb. hand sb.sth.＝hand sth.to sb. owe sb.sth.＝owe sth.to sb. return sb.sth.＝return sth.to sb. 3．envy n．& vt.羡慕；妒忌 |助|表|达|　 (话题写作之个人成长)We do not need to envy any other person, for our existence is unique. 我们不需要羡慕任何人，因为我们的存在是独一无二的。 |精|归|纳|　 (1)envy sb.(for) sth.　　 羡慕/妒忌某人有某物 (2)feel envy at ... 对……感到妒忌 out of envy 出于妒忌 with envy 妒忌(常作状语) become/be the envy of ... 成为/是……妒忌或羡慕的对象 (3)envious adj. 忌妒的 be envious of 羡慕；忌妒 |应|用|通|(单句语法填空/完成句子)　 ①I really envy you for the opportunity to do so much traveling. ②He said with envy, “I am envious (envy) of you, because you are leading such a decent life.” ③It was not_out_of_envy,_because he got the prize and I did not, that I quarrelled with Coretti this morning.今天早上和科雷蒂吵架并不是出于妒忌他获奖了，而我没有。 4．abandon vt.舍弃；抛弃；放弃；沉湎于n.放任；放纵 |助|表|达|　 (续写之场景描写)We sang, danced, and laughed with abandon, forgetting the troubles in our lives. 我们放纵地唱歌、跳舞、大笑，忘却了生活中的烦恼。 |精|归|纳|　 (1)abandon oneself to ... 沉湎于……；纵情于…… abandon doing sth. 放弃做某事 (2)with abandon 放纵地；放任地 abandoned adj. 被抛弃的；放纵的 be abandoned to 沉湎于……(to为介词) 名师指津：(1)abandon oneself to意思是“陷于某种情感或状态中”，介词to之后一般接表示某种感情或欲望的词作宾语。(2)abandon用作名词时的意思是“放任；放纵”，常用于介词短语with (in) abandon中。 |应|用|通|(单句语法填空/句式升级)　 ①Please keep in mind that those who abandon themselves (they) to despair can't succeed. ②The girls jumped up and down and waved their arms with abandon. ③Wang collected more than 7 million abandoned (abandon) bricks of different ages. ④They abandoned carrying (carry) out the plan because of the lack of money. ⑤He abandoned himself to the Internet games and didn't get good grades in the exam. →Abandoning_himself_to_the_Internet_games,_he didn't get good grades in the exam.(现在分词短语作状语) →Abandoned_to_the_Internet_games,_he didn't get good grades in the exam.(形容词短语作状语) 5．give off 放出(热、光、气味或气体) |巧|串|记|　 A young man was born in a poor family.However, he didn't give up hope.He worked hard and became a successful businessman.Later he gave away a lot of money to help poor people.Sometimes he gave out food in person to poor children.The food was so delicious that it gave off good smell. 一个年轻人出生在一个贫穷的家庭。然而，他没有放弃希望。他努力工作，成为一名成功的商人。后来他捐了很多钱帮助穷人。有时他亲自给贫穷的孩子们分发食物。食物很美味，散发出香气。 |精|归|纳|　 give in to sb.　　 向某人投降/屈服/让步 give out 分配；发出；用尽；筋疲力尽 give up 放弃；认输 give in 屈服；投降；让步；上交 give away 赠送；泄露 易混辨析：(1)give off通常用来表示“散发；放出”某种气体或气味。(2)give out则通常用来表示“散发”某种光、声、热、信号等物理现象。此外，它还可以表示“分发；公布；用尽”等。 |应|用|通|(用适当的介、副词填空)　 ①She gave away all her furniture when she went abroad. ②I tried to persuade him that just being afraid of being laughed at was no reason to give up. ③When we were only a few miles from our destination, the petrol gave out. ④He finally gave in to his daughter's repeated requests to further her education abroad. ⑤The flowers are beautiful and give off a sweet fragrance, which attracts many visitors. 语境迁移应用(运用本单元知识完成下列语段) 主题语境——航海员 As we all know, there are numerous ①adversities (adversity) in our life.A sailor, who was ②at_the_age_of (在……岁时) 19 and ③enthusiastic_about (热衷于) sailing, wanted to join in an expedition.④Unfortunately (fortunately), he ⑤was_turned_down (被拒绝) by the captain at first because the captain thought he wasn't ⑥qualified (qualify) for the position.But he didn't give up.He told the captain that he had energy (用本单元词汇替换黑体词：⑦vigour) and endurance and he could complete the tasks ⑧assigned (assign) by the captain.He said, “I have been looking forward to the voyage for a long time.” Finally, the genuine sailor made ⑨it. [课时作业评价]　　　　主题阅读集群训练 Ⅰ.阅读理解 A (2024·岳阳高三联考)When I was growing up, I had an old neighbour named Dr Gibbs.He didn't look like any doctor I'd ever known.He never yelled at us for playing in his yard.I remember him as someone who was a lot nicer than most of the adults in our community. When Dr Gibbs wasn't saving lives, he was planting trees.His house sat on ten acres, and his life's goal was to make it a forest. The good doctor had some interesting theories concerning plant care and growth.He never watered his new trees, which flew in the face of conventional wisdom.Once I asked why.He said that watering plants spoiled them so that each successive tree generation would grow weaker and weaker.So you have to make things rough for them and weed out (淘汰) the weaker trees early on. He talked about how watering trees made for shallow roots, and how trees that weren't watered had to grow deep roots in search of moisture.I took him to mean that deep roots were to be treasured. So he never watered his trees.He planted an oak and, instead of watering it every morning, he'd beat it with a rolled­up newspaper.Smack! Slap! Pow! I asked him why he did that, and he said it was to get the tree's attention. Dr Gibbs passed away a couple of years after I left home.Every now and again, I walked by his house and looked at the trees that I'd watched him plant some twenty­five years ago.They're extremely tall, big and robust since they have deep roots now.However, the trees in my garden trembled in a cold wind although I had watered them for several years. It seems that adversity and suffering benefit these trees in ways comfort and ease never could.I stood there deep in thought. Every night before I go to bed, I check on my two sons.I stand over them and watch their little bodies, the rising and falling of life within.I often wish them a better future.Mostly I wish that their lives will be easy.But I think it's time to change my wish because now I know my children are going to encounter hardship. 语篇解读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要讲述了作者的医生邻居不同寻常的种树方式。作者由此想到了自己的孩子们以后将会遇到困难，所以祝愿孩子们能像邻居家的大树一样深深扎根在泥土里，能经得起风雨的洗礼。 1．According to Dr Gibbs' theories, what may make trees become weaker? A．They are lack of care. B．They are watered. C．They are weeded out. D．They are beaten. 解析：选B　细节理解题。根据文章第三段“他从不给新栽的树浇水，这与传统观念背道而驰。有一次我问他为什么。他说，浇水会惯坏植物，这样每一代树就会越来越脆弱”可知，根据吉布斯博士的理论，如果给树木浇水，它们会变得更脆弱。故选B项。 2．What does the underlined word “robust” in paragraph 6 most probably mean? A．Strong. B．Strange. C．Deep. D．Old. 解析：选A　词义猜测题。根据画线词所在的句子并结合下文 “然而，我花园里的树在寒风中颤抖，尽管我已经给它们浇了好几年水。”可知，没有浇水的树和浇水的树相比，没浇水的树更“强壮”，由此可推测出robust是“强壮的”意思。故选A项。 3．Which of the following may be the author's best wish for his two sons now? A．I wish them strong wings, with which they can fly higher and touch the sky. B．I wish them nice fortune so that they can meet people like Dr Gibbs in the future. C．I wish them deep roots into the earth since the rains fall and the winds blow often. D．I wish them great shades under the tree since the sunlight is always sharp and bitter. 解析：选C　推理判断题。根据文章最后一段可知，作者改变了之前的祝愿，也知道孩子们以后将会遇到困难，由此可推知，现在作者的祝愿是希望孩子们深深扎根在泥土里，因为雨水经常下，风经常吹。故选C项。 4．Which of the following can be the best title of the text? A．A nice doctor B．The deep roots C．Adversity and suffering D．My childhood memory 解析：选B　标题归纳题。分析全文内容可知，文章主要讲述了作者的医生邻居不同寻常的种树方式，如不给新栽的树浇水等，最后树长的非常高大强壮，并经得起风吹雨打，这是因为树的根非常深了，作者由此想到了自己的孩子们以后将会遇到困难，所以祝愿孩子们像大树一样能深深扎根在泥土里，能经得起风雨的洗礼，故B选项“深根”适合作文章标题。 B (2024·贵阳统考)There is a dangerous view in today's society, and it is a restriction to happiness, success, and growth.The view states that human beings are inner fragile (内在脆弱的) and that the only way to be happy and successful in life is to protect oneself by avoiding misfortune. Not only are those statements false, but the actions we take believing them — to be “protective” also usually limit happiness and even stop personal and professional growth.Take sports as an example, seldom do those who play the game of life not to lose ever really win. Rather than fear and try to avoid all misfortune, perhaps we should accept the misfortune and the occasional crises in life and prepare for them.As a muscle grows stronger with stress, so can people, teams, organizations, even communities.Crisis reveals true strength. Sports psychologists Fletcher and Sarkar have studied Olympic gold medal winners.They conclude, “Indeed, most of the participants argued that if they had not experienced certain types of stressors at specific times, including highly demanding misfortunes, they would not have won their gold medals.” Psychologists Richard Tedeschi and Lawrence Calhoun created the term “posttraumatic growth”．They describe it as the experience of positive change that occurs as a result of highly challenging life crises.It is shown in a variety of ways, including an increased appreciation for life in general, more meaningful interpersonal relationships, an increased sense of personal strength, changed priorities, and a richer existential and spiritual life. The remarkable success stories that can arise after moments of great challenge and failure are countless.Thomas Edison failed thousands of times trying to create a light bulb filament (灯丝) that would light and burn in a consistent manner, but finally created the world's first practical light bulb.Harland Sanders developed his food brand in his 60s while recovering from a failed career as a lawyer.There are thousands of other lesser­known people, whose lives are characterized by key moments of great recovery from difficulty.Let us understand that growth arises from challenge and even failure.The myth of fragility and overprotection keeps us all from realizing our full potential. 语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。成长源于挑战甚至失败，错误地认为自己很脆弱、需要过度保护会使我们无法充分发挥自己的潜力。 5．What does the “dangerous view” say about people? A．People are born shy. B．People are afraid of misfortune. C．People want wealth. D．People are often in need of help. 解析：选B　细节理解题。根据第一段的内容可知，这种危险的观点认为，人的内心是脆弱的，在生活中获得快乐和成功的唯一途径就是通过避免不幸来保护自己。由此可知，“危险的观点”认为人们害怕不幸。 6．What is the author's opinion about misfortune? A．It's a must in life and the more, the better. B．It mostly comes from our fragile inner hearts. C．It's often met by world famous sports stars. D．It should be treated with the right attitude. 解析：选D　细节理解题。根据第三段“Rather than fear ...prepare for them.”可知，作者认为应该以正确的态度对待生活中的不幸。 7．What does the two psychologists' term imply? A．A failed life is not worth living at all. B．People always need to lead a worriless life. C．Positive changes will occur after crises. D．Try not to express our opinions in public. 解析：选C　推理判断题。根据第五段可知，心理学家Richard Tedeschi和Lawrence Calhoun创造了‘创伤后成长'这个术语。他们将其描述为经历极具挑战性的生活危机后产生的积极变化。它以多种方式表现出来，包括对生活的普遍欣赏、更有意义的人际关系、个人力量感的增强、优先事项的改变，以及更丰富的存在和精神生活。由此可知，这个术语暗示着危机过后会有积极的变化。 8．Why are the stories of Thomas Edison and Harland Sanders inspiring? A．They made great inventions. B．They got remarkable support. C．They didn't easily give up. D．They restricted their potential. 解析：选C　推理判断题。根据最后一段的内容可知，在经历了严峻挑战和重大失败之后获得显著成功的故事数不胜数，并通过托马斯·爱迪生和哈兰德·桑德斯的事迹加以印证。由此推知，托马斯·爱迪生和哈兰德·桑德斯的故事鼓舞人心是因为他们没有轻易放弃。 Ⅱ.阅读七选五 How to stop life getting you down We don't like to talk about our struggles, choosing instead to put on a brave face.__9__ There are many means possible to prevent ourselves from being knocked down. Try out a new hobby.Hobbies don't just fill time, but they also help to give you a sense of purpose and something to be proud of.Try out a new sport, learn to dance or perhaps join a music club. __10__ Reach out.If you're struggling or feeling down, always remember that you don't need to be on your own.__11__ You'll also find that online conferences and social media sites can provide opportunities to connect and ask for help. __12__ A new view, focusing on tiny surprises in our life, can help you to feel more positive.Start to appreciate the beauty of a flower, a favourite piece of music or a simple sunny day.Go out for dinner and make efforts to truly enjoy the flavour of your meal or lie back on your bed, surrounded by total silence, and simply focus on how it feels to breathe and to relax. Do things for others. __13__ You'll feel more positive knowing that you're contributing to a better world, whether helping just one person or a larger group.Try doing a few random acts of kindness to brighten up your day, pay for someone's dinner at a restaurant or send a nice letter to someone that you know or someone that's made a difference to your life. A．Try to appreciate the little things. B．They may do wonders for your mood. C．Try not to worry about what people think of you. D．Friends will be happy to help and provide support. E．Do not be bothered by things affecting your mood. F．Few things build self­confidence quite like doing a favor. G．So, when things start to get you down, how can you pick yourself back up? 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章就当遇到困难与挫折时，如何让自己勇敢面对困难提出了一些建议。 9．选G　上文谈到“不愿谈论生活中遇到的困难，我们选择以勇敢的面孔去面对”，空后一句提到有多种可能的方法不让自己被压倒，G项“所以，当事情开始让你沮丧的时候，你怎么能重新振作起来呢？”符合语境，起到承上启下的作用。 10．选B　上文“Hobbies don't just ...something to be proud of.”提到爱好的好处。空前列出了具体的爱好。B项“They may do wonders for your mood.”承接上文，讲述了空前列出的爱好可能给人带来的好处。 11．选D　本段主题句是“Reach out.”，D项“Friends will be happy to help and provide support.”与主题句意思一致，选项中的help呼应主题句。 12．选A　设空处为本段主旨句。根据空后一句可知，本段的建议是欣赏生活中的小事。A项“Try to appreciate the little things.”适合作为本段主旨句。 13．选F　根据语境可知，选项F与下文内容语境一致，符合逻辑，且选项中的“doing a favor”呼应主旨句“Do things for others.”。 Ⅲ.完形填空 (2024·广东河源市高三统考)Desmond Jumbam grew up in a poor family in Yaoundé， the capital city of Cameroon.His mother worked __14__ as a cleaner and cook for an organization to __15__ him to school in Yaoundé. “It was not always easy but my mother sacrificed a lot to __16__ that I got the best education.In 2010, I __17__ Harvard University with enough money for only one semester.My mother took a huge __18__ for that.” With the help of family, scholarships and a job as a private teacher, Desmond was able to afford school fees for a “very __19__ first two years” in the US.But having achieved so much in the country, Desmond has now returned to Cameroon to __20__his knowledge and skills there. Desmond couldn't have got as far as he has without the __21__ of his family.He said, “I will avoid common advice like ‘don't __22__’ and ‘follow your dreams’．At the risk of sounding __23__， I would advise anyone with big dreams to expect severe adversity (逆境) ahead.” Everyone faces some __24__ in getting to their goals and dreams, especially for those from __25__ communities.Desmond was one of those children.He hopes his story will __26__ children to know that it is completely __27__ to achieve the dreams which may seem beyond their __28__， despite the severe adversities ahead. 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了德斯蒙德·朱姆巴姆虽出身贫寒，但是却努力求学，最终实现了梦想。德斯蒙德·朱姆巴姆希望自己的故事能够激励更多的孩子去实现梦想。 14．A.quickly　　　　　 B．hardly C．tirelessly D．carelessly 解析：选C　德斯蒙德出身贫寒，由此可以判断，他的母亲只有不知疲倦地工作才能供他上学。 15．A.send B．take C．pull D．put 解析：选A　他的母亲之所以如此辛劳是为了送他上学。 16．A.imagine B．promise C．agree D．ensure 解析：选D　由下文德斯蒙德被哈佛录取了可知，德斯蒙德的母亲牺牲很多是为了确保他得到最好的教育。 17．A.sponsored B．attended C．left D．reported 解析：选B　根据下文“with enough money for only one semester”可知，德斯蒙德是去哈佛大学念书的。 18．A.loan B．blow C．finance D．credit 解析：选A　由上文德斯蒙德家里非常贫困可知，为了让他去哈佛大学念书，他母亲只有贷款。 19．A.fearful B．colorful C．stressful D．meaningful 解析：选C　由上文德斯蒙德只有一个学期的学费可知，在美国的头两年，他的压力很大。 20．A.learn B．improve C．obtain D．apply 解析：选D　但在这个国家取得了如此多的成就后，德斯蒙德现在已经回到喀麦隆，在那里运用他的知识和技能。 21．A.arrangement B．warning C．support D．permission 解析：选C　根据上文可知，德斯蒙德的成功离不开自己母亲的支持。 22．A.catch up B．give up C．stay up D．hurry up 解析：选B　根据下文“follow your dreams”可知，德斯蒙德这里指的是“不要放弃，去追随梦想”。 23．A.familiar B．strange C．funny D．pessimistic 解析：选D　德斯蒙德建议有梦想的人期待逆境，因此这个建议听起来似乎有点悲观。 24．A.barriers B．opportunities C．probabilities D．losses 解析：选A　作者指的是每个人在实现目标和梦想的过程中都会遇到一些逆境，也就是障碍。 25．A.old B．poor C．remote D．civilized 解析：选B　根据后文“Desmond was one of those children.”可知，此处指德斯蒙德所代表的群体，而Desmond出身贫寒，即来自贫困社区。 26．A.allow B．urge C．force D．inspire 解析：选D　德斯蒙德希望自己的故事能够激励孩子追求梦想。 27．A.possible B．right C．fair D．suitable 解析：选A　根据全文内容可知，德斯蒙德自己出身贫寒，却实现了自己的梦想。由此可推断，他想让孩子们知道，实现梦想是可能的。 28．A.ability B．control C．reach D．comprehension 解析：选C　他希望他的故事能激励孩子们，让他们知道，尽管前方有严峻的逆境，但实现看似遥不可及的梦想是完全可能的。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$