Unit 5 A delicate World 知识点梳理 清单-2024-2025学年高中英语外研版（2019）选择性必修第二册

高中英语选择性必修第二册Unit 5 A delicate World知识点梳理 核心词汇 1.appetite n．胃口，食欲；强烈欲望 【单句语法填空】 （1） Warm colours like yellow make food appear more appetising(appetite)，while cold colours make us feel less hungry. （2） Mr Black has developed an appetite for Chinese food. （3） Too much anxiety can result in sleeplessness and loss(lose) of appetite. 【补全句子】 （4）Don't eat that cake now; you'll spoil your appetite. 现在别吃那块蛋糕；你会倒胃口的。 【要点归纳】 （1） develop an appetite for 对……产生食欲 have an appetite for 对……有兴趣/欲望 have no appetite for 对……没有兴趣/欲望 loss of appetite食欲不振 spoil one's appetite 影响胃口 （2） appetising adj. 开胃的；引起食欲的 2.decrease v．(使)变小，(使)减少n．减少，降低；减少量 【单句语法填空】 （1） The number of independent firms decreased from 198 to 96. （2） This species of bird is decreasing in number every year. （3） The price of wheat decreased by 15% last year. 【翻译句子】 （4）随着交通状况的改善，交通事故的数量在减少。 With the traffic improving, the number of accidents is on the decrease. 【要点归纳】 （1） decrease by 减少了 decrease (from...) to (从……)减少到 decrease in 在某方面下降 （2） on the decrease 在下降；在减少 a decrease in sth 某方面的减少/下降 3.trap n．夹子；陷阱；圈套；困境v．储存；留存；使困住；使陷入圈套；使陷入困境 【单句语法填空】 （1） If you choose this way, you're likely to fall into a trap. （2） When travelling they were trapped in the mountain, waiting to be rescued. （3） The shopkeeper trapped me into buying a lot of products that I didn't need. 【补全句子】 （4）She set a trap for him and he walked straight into it. 她给他设下圈套，他就径直钻了进去。 【要点归纳】 （1） set a trap for 给……设圈套 fall into a trap 落入圈套/陷阱 （2） be trapped in 困在……中；陷在……中 trap sb into (doing) sth 诱使某人做某事 4.owe v．应该做；对……负有……的义务；欠(账、钱、人情等)；归功于……；应感谢 【单句语法填空】 （1） He owes his good health to his healthy lifestyle. （2） Mary will take care of the baby—she owes(owe) me a favour. （3） He owes it to his father that he has been so successful. 【词汇/句式升级】 （4）Thanks to his optimism and perseverance, he was admitted into Peking University. →It was owing to his optimism and perseverance that he was admitted into Peking University.(强调句) 【要点归纳】 （1）owe sb sth＝owe sth to sb 欠某人某物 owe...to... 把……归功于…… owe it to sb that... 多亏某人…… （2）owing to 因为；由于 5.comparison n．比较 【单句语法填空】 （1）A teacher is often compared to a candle.That's because their devotion to work is beyond/without compare. （2）They made a comparison of different countries' eating habits.Compared with the French, the British eat far less fish.(compare) 【句式升级】 （3）If you compare the task with the previous one, you will find it more challenging. →Compare the task with the previous one, and you will find it more challenging. →Comparing the task with the previous one, you will find it more challenging. →In comparison with/Compared to/with the previous one, the task is more challenging. 【要点归纳】 （1） in comparison to/with 与……相比 by comparison (with...) (和……)相比之下 make a comparison/make comparisons 进行比较 （2） compare v. 比较；对比；把……比作 compare...with... 把……与……相比 compare with... 与……类似；比得上 compare...to... 把……比作…… compared to/with... 与……相比(作状语) compare notes with sb 与某人交换意见 beyond/without compare 无与伦比；举世无双 6.on behalf of代表 【单句语法填空】 （1） On behalf of the staff, I wish to extend our warmest welcome to you. （2） Many Chinese people believe that red stands for good luck. （3） We're very glad to greet you in the name of the Chinese people. 【一句多译】我很高兴代表我的同学们在这里讲话。 （4）I am very happy to speak here on behalf of my classmates. （5）I am very happy to speak here standing for my classmates. （6）I am very happy to speak here in the name of my classmates. 【要点归纳】 on behalf of＝on sb's behalf 代表某人，因为某人，为了某人 stand for 代表；(某个字母)是……的缩写；支持；容忍 in the name of 代表；以……的名义；在……名下 7.coexist v．共存，共处 【单句语法填空】 （1） How I hope all the countries in the world can coexist with each other peacefully. （2） After the war, the two countries enjoyed a period of peaceful coexistence(coexist)． 【补全句子】 （3）Now it is generally accepted that the countries with different social systems can coexist with each other peacefully. 现在人们普遍认为，不同社会制度的国家可以和平共处。 【要点归纳】 coexist with 和……共存；与……共处 coexistence n. 共存，共处 词性转换 1．dramatically adv.显著地→dramatic adj.戏剧性的；突然的→drama n．戏剧 2．subsequently adv.后来，随后→subsequent adj.随后的；后来的 3．multiply v．(使)大大增加，(使)倍增→multiple adj.多种多样的 4．conservation n．保护→conserve v．保护→conservative adj.保守的；守旧的 5．departure n．离开→depart v．离开；出发 6．explode v．突然增加→explosion n．爆炸；激增 7．mysterious adj.神秘的→mystery n．难以理解的事物；谜 8．ecology n．生态→ecological adj.生态的→ecologist n．生态学家 9．comparison n．比较→compare v．比较 10．visual adj.视觉的→vision n．视力；念头→visually adv.视觉上，外表上 11．intervention n．干预，介入→intervene v．干预 12．criterion n．标准，准则→criteria n．(复数)标准；准则 13．apparently adv.据说；看来，似乎→apparent adj.显而易见的 14．variation n．差异；变化→variable adj.可变的；易变的→various adj.各种各样的→variety n．变化；多样(化)；多变(性)→vary v．变化 15．endangered adj.濒临灭绝的→endanger v．危及；使……处于危险 16．invasion n．涌入→invade v．侵犯→invader n．侵略者 重点短语 1．fail to do sth 未能做某事 2．in harmony with 与……协调，与……和睦 3．develop an appetite for 对……产生食欲 4．introduce...to... 把……引入…… 5．out of control 失去控制，无法管理 6．remove...from... 使……从……消失 7．on behalf of 代表 8．in consequence 结果 9．turn out 原来是，证明是，结果是 10．once and for all 最后一次，彻底地 11．owe it to sb to do sth 应该为某人做某事 12．decrease from...to... 从……减少到…… 13．coexist with 与……共存 14．in return 作为回报 重点句型 一、句型公式：nor引导的倒装句型 【补全句子】 （1） You can't cancel the contract, nor/neither can I(我也不能)． （2） He is very clever but he doesn't work hard; it is the same with/so it is with his sister(他姐姐 也是这样)． 【句型转换】 （3） Tom can speak French and his brother can speak, too. →Tom can speak French and so can his brother. （4） If you don't attend the meeting, I won't, either. →If you don't attend the meeting, neither/nor will I. （5） They didn't finish the task successfully and were scolded by the boss.So it was with us. →They didn't finish the task successfully and were scolded by the boss.It was the same with us. 【要点归纳】 （1） “nor/neither＋助动词/be动词/情态动词＋主语”构成倒装句型，意为“……也不这样”， 表示某人或某物也有前面说过的情况(否定情况)。 （2） “so＋助动词/be动词/情态动词＋主语”，构成倒装句型，意为“……也是如此”，表示 某人或某物也有前面说过的情况(肯定情况)。 （3） “so＋主语＋助动词/be动词/情态动词”，表示说话人同意对方的观点或对前文内容加以 强调或肯定，意为“……的确如此”。 （4） 如果前面句子的谓语既有肯定又有否定，或者形式不同，就用句型 So it is/was with...或 It is/was the same with...。二、表语从句 The end result was that parakeets, once large in number and native to the island, died out in 1891. 最终的结果是，岛上原本数量众多的本土鸟类——长尾鹦鹉，在1891年灭绝了。三、It is＋名词＋to do sth It is my great pleasure to give a lecture here on behalf of the Be at One with Nature Association. 我很高兴在这里代表大自然协会举办一个讲座。 重点语法 第一步：单元思维导图回顾知识 第二步：单元重难知识易混易错 it 作形式宾语当动词不定式（短语）、v-ing（短语）或从句作宾语时，为了保持句子结构的平衡，常用 it作形式宾语，而将真正的宾语后置。此时的it无词义。其用法如下： 1. 常 以 it 作 形 式 宾 语 的 动 词 有 ： feel，consider，find，believe，make，take，imagine，prove，think，suppose，regard，notice等。 I find it easy to get on with Jim. 我发现同吉姆相处很容易。 2.it 作形式宾语，代替动词不定式（短语） They found it pleasant to work with us Chinese. 他们发现与我们中国人一起工作很愉快。 He makes it a rule never to borrow money from others. 他立志决不向别人借钱。 I consider it advisable to tell her beforehand. 我认为还是事先告诉她好。 3.it作形式宾语，代替 v-ing（短语）用 v-ing（短语）作真正的宾语时，其宾补通常是no use，no good，a waste，hard work等。 I think it no good spending too much time watching TV. 我认为花太多时间看电视是没有好处的。 I feel it hard work persuading him into doing it. 我感觉说服他做那件事很难。 4.it 作形式宾语，代替从句 （1）在一些习惯用法中，it在hate，like，love，appreciate，enjoy，take，have等动词后作形式宾语， 代替其后的宾语从句。 I hate it when he talks with his mouth full. 我讨厌他一边吃一边说话。 I like it when a book is so good that you cannot put it down. 我喜欢那种碰上好书时手不释卷的感觉。（2）在一些特殊结构中，用it作形式宾语。 take it for granted that...认为......是理所当然 see to it that...确保...... owe it to... that... 多亏....../幸亏...... We all take it for granted that James will win the game. 我们都确信詹姆斯将赢得这场比赛。 Would you see to it that she gets home early? 你保证她早早到家，好吗？ I owe it to my teacher that I made such rapid progress. 多亏了我的老师，我才取得这么快的进步。 1 / 6 1 / 6 1 / 6 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$