期末语法必考知识简明版--形容词副词及习题广东省韶关市2024-2025学年人教版八年级英语上册

形容词(adj.)副词(adv.) 1、 有些词既可以作形容词,也可以作副词:late, early, little, far, high, fast, hard, well 二、形容词变成副词的方法: 1、 一般在形容词后面加ly: quick – quickly, quiet – quietly, clear – clearly, slow – slowly, loud – loudly, safe – safely, bright – brightly, strong – strongly, bad – badly, careful – carefully, careless – carelessly, 2、 以辅音字母加y结尾的形容词,去y为i, 再加ly: easy – easily, heavy – heavily, happy – happily, angry – angrily, noisy – noisily, healthy – healthily, lucky – luckily, 三、形容词的用法: 1. 作定语:1)She is a good student. 2)They are beautiful flowers. 2. 作表语:1)The box is heavy. 2)I feel happy. 3)The book is interesting. 3. 作宾语补足语:1)He made me sad. 2)We should keep the classroom clean and tidy. 四、副词(作状语)的用法: 1. 副词修饰形容词、副词:1)The book is very interesting. 2)He sings very well. 2. 副词修饰行为动词:1)She ran quickly. 2)They are playing happily. 专项训练一 选择正确的形容词或副词填空。 1. He is a_(good; well) boy. 2. She does_(good; well) in English. 3. Be_(quiet; quietly)! The boy is sleeping. 4. They are_(happy; happily). 5. They are playing_(happy; happily) on the playground. 6. The question is_(easy; easily). You can answer it _(easy; easily). 7. She ran_(quick; quickly) in the girls’ 800 meters race. 8. There was a_ (heavy; heavily) rain last night. It rained_(heavy; heavily). 9. The sun is shining_(bright; brightly). 10. Mr. Smith is a_ (careful; carefully) man. He works very_(careful; carefully). 五、形容词、副词原级的用法: (一)A与B比较程度相同,“A和B一样”,用“as as”句型表示: adj. :A + be + as + adj.原形 + as + B. adv. :A+ 行为动词 + as + adv.原形 + as + B. adj. 1)Lucy is as old as Lily. 2)I’m as tall as you. 3)Our classroom is as big as theirs. 4)This book is as interesting as that one. adv. 1)He can speak Chinese as well as we. 2)I get up as early as Ann. 3)The man is walking as slowly as the woman. 4)Jim ran as quickly as Bill. (二)A与B比较程度不同,“A不如B”,用“not as as或not so as”句型表示: adj. :A + be + not + as /so+ adj.原形 + as + B. adv. :A+ don’t/doesn’t/didn’t + 行为动词原形 + as/so + adv.原形 + as + B. adj. 1)I am not as tall as you. 2) Kate isn’t as old as Sam. 3)This ruler isn’t so long as that one. 4)This book isn’t so new as that one. adv. 1)I don’t get up as early as you. 2)Mr. Green doesn’t work so carefully as Miss Qiu. 3)Xiao Li doesn’t speak English as well as Xiao Yu. 4)Mary didn’t run so quickly as Lucy. 六、形容词、副词比较级和最高级的构成: A 规则变化 (一)单音节和部分双音节词: 1.一般在词尾加er或est: tall – taller – tallest, old – older – oldest, young – younger – youngest, small, short, new, fast, clever, cheap, long, cold… 2.以字母e结尾加r 或st: late – later – latest, nice – nicer – nicest, large – larger – largest, fine –finer –finest, Safe – safer – safest, wide – wider – widest … 3.以重读闭音节结尾的,先双写末尾的辅音字母,再加er 或est: big – bigger – biggest, hot – hotter – hottest, fat – fatter – fattest, thin – thinner – thinnest, wet – wetter – wettest, red – redder – reddest 4.以辅音字母加y 结尾,改y为i,再加er 或est: easy – easier – easiest, early – earlier – earliest, heavy – heavier – heaviest, angry – angrier – angriest, dry – drier – driest, healthy, noisy, empty… 注:由adj.+ ly构成的副词除外。 (二)多数双音节词和多音节词:比较级在词前加more, 最高级在词前加most. careful – more careful – most careful, useful – more useful – most useful, important – more important – most important, happily – more happily – most happily, quickly , slowly, heavily, beautiful, interesting, comfortable… B 不规则变化 1. good / well – better – best 2. bad / badly – worse – worst 3. many / much – more – most 4. little – less – least 5. far – farther – farthest 或far – further – furthest 注:elder brother哥哥, elder sister 姐姐, younger brother 弟弟, younger sister 妹妹 七、形容词、副词比较级的用法:用于两者之间的比较,“A比B更…”: adj. : A + be + adj.比较级 + than + B. adv. : A + 行为动词 + adv.比较级 + than +B. adj. 1)I am shorter than you. 2)Xiong Er is younger than Xiong Da. 3)Haitao is fatter than He Jiong. 4)This book is more interesting than tnat one. 5)Who is older, Tom or Jerry? adv. 1)I get up earlier than Sam every day. 2)Liu Xiang ran more quickly than Mario. 3)Miss Qiu speaks English better than John. 4)The bus is going more slowly than the train. 5)Who did worse, Jack or Tim? 八、形容词、副词最高级的用法:用于三者或三者以上之间的比较,“…中最…的”: adj. : 主语 + be + the + adj.最高级 + in / of…. adv. : 主语 + 行为动词 + adv.最高级 + in / of…. adj. 1)Miss Qiu is the most popular teacher in our school. 2)Peng is the tallest (boy) in our class. 3)Kate is the shortest (girl) of all. 4)The book is the most interesting of all. 5)Who is the oldest, Jack, John or Jane? adv. 1)Miss Chen gets up earliest in our school. 2)Betty works most carefully of all. 3)Ann did worst of all. 4)Who does best in English in our school, Jack, John or Jane? 九、比较级前可加程度状语much, a little, a lot, even, still, far, three years, five times, 20%等。 但very, too, so, quite等通常只能修饰原级。 1)This box is much bigger than that one. 2)This skirt is much more beautiful than that one. 3)Lucy is a little fatter than Lily. 4)I am three years older than you. 5)She feels even more terrible than yesterday. 十、比较级+ and +比较级,表“越来越…”: 1)The day is getting longer and longer and the night is getting shorter and shorter. 2)It’s getting hotter and hotter. 3)It’s getting colder and colder. 注:more and more + 多数双音节和多音节词: 1) Our city is becoming more and more beautiful. 2) It feels more and more comfortable. 3) We think English is more and more important. 十一、the + 比较级,the + 比较级,表“越…,就越…”: 1)The more, the better. 2)The more careful you’ll be, the fewer mistakes you’ll make. 3)The busier he is, the happier he feels. 4)The harder you study, the more knowledge you’ll get. 十二、降级比较:less + adj. /adv.原级+ than, 表“不如…” : 1)This book is less interesting than that one.= This book isn’t so interesting as that one. 2)I think music is less important than science.= I don’t think music is so interesting as science. 十三、比较对象要一致: 1.当被比双方的定语不同时,常需要使用代词that(单数)或those.(复数)。 ① The weather in Guangzhou is hotter than that in Beijing. ② The apples here are more delicious than those there. 2.当进行比较的双方在同一范围时,要在than后表比较对象的名词前加other. ① He is taller than any other boy in his class. ② Beijing is more beautiful than any other city in China. 十四、the + 比较级 + of the two/twins, 表“两者中较…的那个”: ①She is the taller of the two girls. ②He is the shorter of the two boys. ③He is the older of the twins. 十五、one of + the/ one’s + adj.最高级 +复数名词,表“最…之一”: ①Mr. Pan is one of the most popular teachers in our school. ②Jim is one of the tallest boys in our class. ③Jerry is one of my best friends. 十六、the/ one’s + 序数词+ adj.最高级+ 可数名词单数,表“第几…的”: ①I think computer is the first most useful invention. ②The Yellow River is the second longest river in China. ③Taiwan Island is China’s first largest island. 形容词(adj.),副词(adv.)专题训练 一、写出下列形容词或副词的比较级和最高级。 1.good 2.heavy 3.big 4.beautiful 5.badly 6.little 7.fine 8.happily 9.far 10.many 11.fat 12.useful 13.well 14.small 15.early 二、单项选择。 1. This pencil is _than that one. A. long B. longer C. longest D. the longest 2. Which language is _, English, Japanese or Chinese? A. difficult B. more difficult C. most difficult D. the most difficult 3. In summer, the weather is _in Hainan than that in Liaoning. A. much hot B. more hotter C. much hotter D. many hotter 4. You made a lot of spelling mistakes in the exam. Be _ next time. A. carefully B. careful C. care D. careless 5. He drives much _ than he did half a year ago. A. carefully B. more careful C. more carefully D. most carefully 6. Beijing is _ than Suzhou. A. big B. biger C. bigger D. biggest 7. Of all the books this one is _. A. interesting B. more interesting C. the most interested D. the most interesting 8. Hainan is a very _ island. It’s China’s second _ island. A. large, large B. large, largest C. larger, largest D. large, larger 9. In spring, the weather is becoming _. A. warm and warm B. warm and warmer C. warmer and warmer D. warmest and warmest 10. The Huanghe River isn’t so_ as the Changjiang River. A. long B. longer C. longest D. the longest 11. The USA is one of _ countries in the world. A. rich B. richer C. richest D. the richest 12. Mike is_ boy in his class and he is _ than any other student. A. the oldest, taller B. older, taller C. the oldest, the tallest D. older, the tallest 13. Jim is _ Kate. A. fatter as B. fat than C. so fat as D. not as fat as 14. Which do you like _, oranges, pears, or apples? A. well B. best C. better D. good 15. -We should speak English in and after class. - Yes, _. A. more, better B. much, better C. the more, the better D. the most, the best 16. Jack plays basketball badly. Jim plays even _. A. bad B. badly C. worse D. worst 17. My_ brother is two years _ than I. A. older, older B. elder, elder C. elder, older D. older, elder 18. The price of this computer is the _ of the three. A. smallest B. biggest C. highest D. tallest 19. -Mum, could I have an iPhone like this? -Certainly, we can buy _ one, but as good as this. The price of this kind is a little high. A. a cheap B. a cheaper C. a small D. a smaller 20. -Remember, boys and girls. _ you work, _ result you will get. A. The better, tne harder B. The harder, the better C. The hard, the best D. The harder, the good 21. English is becoming _ useful, isn’t it? A. more and more B. many and many C. much and much D. most and most 22. Computer are very popular now and they are not as _ as before. A. expensive B. more expensive C. most expensive D. the most expensive 23. China has a much _ population than _. A. larger, Russia B. more, Russia C. larger, that of Russia D. more, that of Russia 24. -Do you like western food? -No. The food of our country is _that of western countries. A. rather good than B. much better than C. more better than D. not so good as 25. Don’t worry. He is _ to take care of little Betty. A. carefully enough B. enough careful C. careful enough D. enough carefully 26. Do you think math is _ English? A. more difficult B. less difficult C. the most difficult D. as difficult as ( 31 ) 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $$