Unit 5 What were you doing when the rainstorm came？ 知识梳理与中考精练 - 2023-2024学年英语人教新目标八年级下册

Unit 5 What were you doing when the rainstorm came? 一、考点知识 1. arrive at 到达(小地方) arrive in到达(大地方) reach get to 【注意】如果宾语是副词here, there, home, 要把at \ in \ to省略: arrive here \ there \ home get here \ there \ home 2. in front of… 在 …… 的前面 (某一范围外的前面) in the front of … 在 …… 的前面(某一范围内的前面) 3. take off (1)起飞 (2)脱下(衣帽等) 4. get out (of ) … 从……离开\出去\下来 5. follow (1) 跟随 (2) 沿着……前进 (3) 听懂,理解 I can’t follow you . (4 )follow sb. to do sth. 跟着某人做某事 6. amazing 形容词,修饰名词令人惊奇的, 令人惊讶的 be amazed at … 对…… 感到惊讶 Everyone was amazed at the bad news . 每个人对这个坏消息都感到惊讶。 7. shout at 大声喊叫 多指因生气而非善意的大声叫喊 shout to 大声喊叫 多指因距离远而不得不大声叫喊 8.happen 发生 具体事件偶然的没有预见的发生 sth happens to sb. 某人发生了某事 9. anywhere 任何地方 常用于否定句或疑问句中. somewhere 某个地方 用于肯定句 everywhere 处处, 到处 = here and there 10. silence 名词, 寂静 \ 无声 Keep in silence . 保持沉默. silent 形容词, 寂静的The old house was quite silent这所老房子寂静无声. 11. (1) hear of 听说 , 后接表示人或物的词 I have never heard of him before . 我以前从来没有听说过他. ( 2 ) hear about 听说, 后接表示事件的名词 Have you heard about the accident ? 你听说了那场事故吗? (3 ) hear from 收到某人的来信 I heard from my daughter in New York yesterday .我昨天收到在纽约的女儿的来信. 12. 主语 + be + one of the + 形容词最高级 + 复数名词 + in \ of 短语 …… 是……中最……的……之一.Xiamen is one of the most beautiful cities in China. 13.（1） as … as … 和…… 一样… . 两个as之间用形容词或副词的原形. He works as carefully as she . 他和她一样工作认真. She is as tall as her mother . 她和母亲一样高. （2）not as … as…. 不如某人… He isn’t as \ so old as he looks . 他不像看起来那么老. She doesn’t run as \ so fast as her brother .她不如她哥哥跑得那么快. 14. have fun=have a good\ great\ wonderful time=enjoy oneself玩得开心,过得愉快 【拓展】have fun doing sth.开心做某事 I’m just having fun playing the guitar . 我正开心的弹吉他呢。 15 .be scared \ afraid of sth 害怕某物 Are you scared \ afraid of snakes ? 你害怕蛇吗？ be scared \ afraid to do sth害怕做某事 He is scared \ afraid to go out at night . 他害怕晚上出去。 be scared \ afraid of doing sth害怕做某事 He is scared \ afraid of going out at night . 16.（1）think about 考虑 (某个计划 ) They are thinking about moving to Beijing . 他们考虑搬去北京。 （2）think of 认为 What do you think of the movie ?=how do you like the movie ? （3）think over 仔细思考 We need a few days to think over this matter . 我们需要几天时间来考虑这个事情。 二、感叹句 1. what 引导的感叹句 (1) What a beautiful girl (she is ) ! 多么美的姑娘呀 ! (2) What a clever boy ( he is ) ! 多么聪明的男孩呀 ! (3) What interesting pictures ( they are ) ! 多么美的图片呀 ! (4) What tall buildings ( they are ) ! 多么高的楼呀 ! (5) What delicious food ( it is ) ! 多么可口的食物呀 !! 规律: what + ( a\ an ) + 形容词 + 名词 ( + 主语 + 谓语) + ! 名词为不可数名词或复数名词时, 形容词前面不能有a\ an . 2. how 引导的感叹句 How heavy the box is ! 多么重的箱子呀! How fast he runs ! 他跑得多快呀! How careful the girl is ! 多么细心的姑娘呀! How well she plays the piano ! 她的钢琴弹得多好呀! 三、过去进行时 过去进行时的基本用法 (1)表示在过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行的动作,常见的时间状语有then,at nine last night , this time yesterday, the whole morning等。 She was cooking at 7:00yesterday evening.昨晚7点她正在做饭。 I was reading a book the whole morning.整个上午我都在看书。 (2)用于含有when或while引导的时间状语从句的主从复合句中。 When we were walking in the park, we met Mary.当我们在公园散步时,我们遇见了玛丽。 While you were watching TV,I was reading a book.当你在看电视时,我在看书。 3.过去进行时与一般过去时的区别 过去进行时和一般过去时都表示过去发生的事情,但过去进行时强调动作的持续性;一般过去时 表示在过去的时间里所发生的动作,但动作往往已完成。 He was reading a novel the whole day.他一整天都在看一本小说。 He read a novel last night.昨晚他看了一本小说。 (二) when 和 while 引导的时间状语从句 1.when 的用法 when引导的时间状语既可指时间点,也可指时间段,因此在when引导的时间状语从句中,动词可以是非延续性动词,也可以是延续性动词。 When the girl came in, her mother was watching TV.当这个女孩进来的时候,她妈妈正在看电视。 (when引导的时间状语指时间点,come是非延续性动词) When they were singing,a stranger came in.当他们唱歌的时候,一个陌生人进来了。(when引导的时间状语指时间段,sing是延续性动词) 2.while 的用法 (1)while引导的时间状语只指时间段,因此,在while引导的时间状语从句中,动词必须是延续性动词。 While he was reading, his mother came in.当他读书时,他妈妈进来了。(while引导的时间状语指时间段,read是延续性动词) (2)当从句和主句的动作都是延续的或同时发生的,两句都用过去进行时的时候,多用while引导。 While Mary was writing a letter, the children were playing outside.当玛丽写信时,孩子们正在外面玩耍。(write与play这两个动作都是延续的,且是同时发生的) 注意:当主句为一般将来时,在when 和 while 引导的时间状语从句中通常用一般现在时表示将来。 I'll phone you again when I get home.我到家后会再给你打电话。 写作指导 典例剖析 假设今天是6月3日,星期五,在放学回家的公共汽车上,你所经历的一件事让你印象深刻。现在请你根据以下要点用英语写一篇日记。 要点:1.一位老爷爷和十来岁的孙子上了车,老人拿着书包和小提琴;2.你给老人让座,老人的孙子却坐下来,老人只得站在旁边;3.孩子大声喊着向老人要水喝,并将空水瓶扔到车上;4.你认为孩子应该尊敬、照顾老人,保持环境卫生。 要求:1.70个词左右;2.日记开头已给出,不计人总词数;3.要点齐全,行文连贯,可适当发挥。 审题指导 1.本文记叙的是过去发生的事,故时态以一般过去时和过去进行时为主。 2.习作中要把握要点,同时以第一人称的角度,按照事情发生的先后顺序进行叙述。可适当发挥，如表明自己的立场及观点等。 模板展示 车上见闻 On my way home on the bus, I saw... While he was carrying.... I gave my seat to... The old man had to... After a while, the boy... 个人观点 I think the boy should not only...but also... 佳作评析 June3 ,Friday Fine On my way home on the bus,I saw an old man get on with his grandson of about ten. While he was carrying the boy's schoolbag and a violin,I gave my seat to the old man at once. However ,the boy sat down first. The old man had to stand nearby. After a while, the boy shouted at his grandpa for water and then dropped the empty bottle on the bus. When I saw this,I got very angry. I think the boy should not only respect and take care of the old man but also keep the environment clean. 高效分层训练 一、用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空。 silent , complete , realize , true , recent 1._______________,more and more students have been crazy about computer games. 2. Be quiet! All the students were reading in the library in________________. 3.I__________________ I did something wrong. So I said sorry to my mother. 4. To tell you the ________________,David was not a rich man. 5. Not all the students can________________understand the passage. 二、单项选择。 ( )1. Remember_________________ your history and English books tomorrow,John. A. bringing B. to bring C. bring D.brought ( )2.So many trees and flowers _______________this area last year. A. are planted B. is planted C. was planted D. were planted ( )3. When the match started, the team were still_________________school. A. made their way to B. made their way C. making their way to D. making their way ( )4.一Will they _______________the tall building? -Yes,and they will build a big supermarket there. A. take down B. take over C. take up D. cut off 对接中考训练 ( )1.(2022江苏苏州中考)Amon _______________his ship in a big storm when a giant fish came out of the sea. A. will sail B. is sailing C. was sailing D. has sailed ( )2.(2021山东日照中考)-Didn't you hear Dad call you? -No, I didn't. I _______________ with Jack on the phone, A. am talking B. would talk C. have talked D. was talking ( )3.(2022天津市中考)While the lights ______________to red, a car suddenly appeared round the corner. A. change B. have changed C. were changing D. will change ( )4.(2021河南省中考)一Jim, could you please answer the question? -Sorry, I_________________. Could you say it again? A. wasn't listening B. don't listen C. am not listening D. won't listen ( )5.(2022黑龙江哈尔滨中考)-What's the weather like in summer here? -It's hot. Sometimes it rains______________ A. clearly B. heavily C. carefully 6.(2022江苏连云港中考)根据句意和汉语提示,在空白处填入一个适当的单词。 I'm sorry. I____________________(完全地)forgot that it was your birthday yesterday. 7.(2021四川乐山中考)根据汉语提示完成句子;每空一词。 出发前,记得给我打个电话,以便我知道什么时间来接你。 Remember to give me a call before you set off so that I can know when to ______________you ______________ 题型解读 阅读理解解题技巧(一) 方法点拨 合理推断法 所谓推断,就是根据阅读材料中所提供的信息,推断出未知的信息,即把有关的文字作为已知部分,从中推断出未知部分。推断题的类型主要有以下几种: 1.事实推断。这种推断常常针对某一个或几个具体细节,我们首先要在文章中找出据以推断的有关文字,然后加以分析,尤其要悟出字里行间的意思。 2.指代推断。要确定代词所指代的对象,关键在于对所在上下文的正确理解。指代名词的代词,其单复数形式要与被指代的词一致,因此数的形式可作为识别指代对象的一个判断标志。 3.逻辑推断。这类题目往往是要求根据文章所提供的背景,人物的表情、动作和语言等表面文字信息来推断出人物或作者的意图和态度。有时那些意图和态度没有直接表述出来,而往往隐含在字里行间。因此,进行这种推断时,我们既要依靠短文的主题思想作为推断的前提,又要注意作者的措辞,尤其是形容词一类的修饰语。 (2022安徽省中考)Scientists are working to create a less costly technology. They want to produce 20 times more clean water and make sure everyone has enough. But for now, the world still faces each day with not having enough water for everyone. What can we infer from the last paragraph? A. Water should be a human right. B. The water problem is still serious. C. Our planet is covered with water. D. Everyone has enough clean water. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$