Unit 4 Section Ⅰ TOPIC TALK & LESSON 1（Word教参）-【优化指导】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第二册（北师大版2019）

Section Ⅰ　TOPIC TALK & LESSON 1 [对应学生用书P2] [默写单词] 1.pretend vi.& vt.假装，装作 2.accent n.口音 3.interact vi.交流；交往；相互作用 4.well-being n.舒适；健康；幸福 5.enhance vt.增强；改进；提高 6.dizzy adj.头晕目眩的 7.swing n.挥动，挥舞；秋千 vi.& vt.（使）摆动；（使）转动；朝……打去；荡秋千 8.collapse vi.突然倒下 9.appetite n.胃口，食欲 10.astronomy n.天文学 11.atmosphere n.大气（层）；气氛，氛围，环境 12.forecast vt.预测，预报 13.middle-aged adj.中年的 14.surgery n.诊所；外科手术 15.bleed vi.流血，出血 16.sneeze vi.& n.打喷嚏 17.scream vi.尖声大叫 n.尖叫声 18.crisis n.危难时刻；危机 19.afterwards adv.随后，后来 20.deserve vt.应得，应受到 [拓展单词] 1.comedy n.喜剧；喜剧片→comedian n.喜剧演员 2.humorous adj.幽默的，诙谐的→humour n.幽默感 3.facial adj.面部的；脸上的→face n.脸 4.anxiety n.焦虑，不安，担心→anxious adj.焦虑的，不安的→anxiously adv.焦急地;忧虑地 5.significant adj.重要的，重大的→significance n.重要性，意义→significantly adv.有重大意义地；显著地 6.unbalanced adj.不平衡的→balanced adj.平衡的→balance n.均衡;平衡v.保持平衡 7.embarrassed adj.难堪的，尴尬的→embarrass vt.使窘迫，使尴尬→embarrassing adj.令人害羞的(或难堪的、惭愧的)→embarrassment n.窘迫;尴尬 8.consume vt.消耗；吃；消费→consumer n.消费者，顾客 9.confused adj.困惑的→confuse vt.使糊涂;使迷惑→confusing adj.难以理解的;不清楚的→confusion n.困惑;混淆 10.potential n.潜力，潜能 adj.潜在的，可能的→potentially adv.可能地，潜在地 11.innocently adv.装作若无其事地；无辜地→innocent adj.无辜的;清白的→innocence n.清白;无辜;天真 12.faithful adj.忠诚的→faithfully adv.忠诚地，忠实地→faith n.信任;信心 13.scientific adj.科学（上）的→science n.科学→scientist n.科学家 14.measurement n.测量，计量，衡量→measure vt.测量;度量 15.consultation n.就诊；咨询→consult vt.咨询;请教 16.examine vt.检查→examination n.检查；考查 17.announce vt.宣布，宣告→announcement n.通告，公告→announcer n.广播员，播音员 1.live down 忘记（错误/失败/恶名等） 2.the other day 几天前 3.be terrified of 害怕 4 in defence 辩护;防御;还击 5.open up 打开 6.carry on doing sth. 继续做某事 7.do a double take 惊叹地又看了一眼 8.for sale 待售；供出售 9.hand over 转交;递交;移交 10.be used to (doing) sth. 习惯于（做）某事 11.save ...from (doing) sth. 保护……免受/于…… 12.deduce from 根据……推断 13.feel down/depressed 感到沮丧;情绪消沉 14.do Sb. a lot of good 对某人大有好处 15.with anxiety 焦虑地 16.have an appetite for 爱好；渴望 17.turn to 转向；向……求助 18.a bit of 一点儿 19.wake up 醒来 1．句型公式：when 引导表语从句 教材原句：教材原句：My favourite kind of comedy is when someone pretends to be someone else. 我最喜欢的喜剧类型是当有人假装是别人的时候。 佳句仿写：我们最后一次玩得很开心是在我们参观水上公园的时候。 The last time we had great fun was when we were visiting the Water Park. 2．句型公式：such a/an+adj.+可数名词单数+that ... 教材原句：In the second round, I took such a hard hit from my opponent that I felt dizzy and unbalanced. 在第二个回合，我被对手狠狠一击，几乎晕厥，失去了平衡。 佳句仿写：我精通英语，以至于被选为英语老师的助手。 I have such a good command of English that I am elected as assistant to my English teacher. 3．句型公式：be doing ...when ...正在做……, 就在这时…… 教材原句：A famous art collector was walking through the city when he noticed a dirty cat lapping milk from a saucer in the doorway of a store. 一个著名的艺术品收藏家在步行穿过城市时看见一只脏猫在一家商店门口舔饮浅碟中的牛奶。 佳句仿写：我正开车去伦敦，突然发现我走错了路。 I was driving down to London when I suddenly found that I was on the wrong road. 4．句型公式：notice ...doing ...注意到……正在做…… 教材原句：A famous art collector was walking through the city when he noticed a dirty cat lapping milk from a saucer in the doorway of a store. 一个著名的艺术品收藏家在步行穿过城市时看见一只脏猫在一家商店门口舔饮浅碟中的牛奶。 佳句仿写：我没看到他离开。 I didn’t notice him leaving. 5．句型公式：否定转移 教材原句：I really don’t think I deserve a zero. 事实上我认为我不该得零分。 佳句仿写：我认为他所说的话和我们正在讨论的话题无关。他已经跑题了。 I don’t think what he said is relevant to the topic we are discussing. He has missed the point. [对应学生用书P4] [主旨大意] The text includes three stories. The first article tells the story of a famous art collector who fights to get an antique saucer ultimately unsuccessful. The second article tells the story of Sherlock Holmes and his friend Dr.Watson who had their tent stolen during a camping trip. The third story tells the story of Grock , a clown actor,who went to see a doctor. [文章架构] Story A Who: an art collector, store owner Where: in the doorway of a store What: A famous art collector wanted an antique saucer. Result: unsuccessfully A famous art collector noticed an 1.antique saucer in the 2.doorway of a store and a cat was lapping milk from it. So he pretended to buy the 3.cat, hoping the store owner threw in the 4.saucer. The owner sold the cat to him but 5.refused to give him the saucer because he actually sold 6.cats rather than the saucer. Story B Who: Sherlock Holmes and Dr．Watson Where:outdoor What:Sherlock Holmes and Dr． Watson went on a camping trip． The tent was stolen． Sherlock Holmes and Dr． Watson went on a 7.camping trip.Holmes 8.woke up at night and let his friend deduce according to what he 9.saw． His friend deduced from 10.astronomy, meteorology, time measurement,astrology and other different 11.scientific and technological perspectives, but Holmes told him the 12.obvious fact that the tent was 13.stolen． Story C Who: doctor, clown actor Where: the doctor’s room What: A man was having a bit of a crisis,so he went to see the doctor． Result:The doctor’s advice made no difference． A man was having a bit of a 14.crisis and everything seemed to go 15．wrong for him．So he went to see the 16.doctor．The doctor examined him and 17.suggested that he should see the performance of an 18.amazing clown to have a good 19.laugh．But sadly, the man 20.himself was exactly the21.clown． [细节探究]　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 1．How much did the famous art collector offer to buy the saucer?(　D　) A．２００dollars． B．６８dollars． C．１３２dollars． D．For free． 2．Why didn’t the store owner sell the saucer?(　C　) A．Because it was too dirty． B．Because he liked it very much． C．Because he sold cats by it． D．Because it didn’t belong to him 3．Why did Sherlock ask Watson to look up at the sky?(　A　) A.He wanted to remind Watson their tent was gone. B.The sky at night was beautiful to admire. C.They should do some research on stars. D.Watson could forecast the weather accurately. 4．What was the examination result of the middle aged man?(　B　) A.He was seriously ill. B.He had slightly high blood pressure. C.He was completely fine. D.He sneezed and coughed badly. 5．How long would Grock stay in the United States?(　C　) A.For a week. B.For over a month. C.For three months. D.For a year. [难句突破] 1．A famous art collector was walking through the city when he noticed a dirty cat lapping milk from a saucer in the doorway of a store. 分析：本句使用了be doing ...when ...句式，when连接两个并列分句，前一个分句中，through the city是介词短语作状语；后一个分句中，notice ...doing sth.意为“注意到……正在做某事”。 翻译：一个著名的艺术品收藏家在步行穿过城市时看见一只脏猫在一家商店门口舔饮浅碟中的牛奶。 2．He noticed that the saucer was an antique and very valuable, so he walked casually into the store and innocently offered to buy the cat for 20 dollars. 分析：本句是so连接的并列句。第一个分句中，that引导宾语从句，作动词noticed的宾语；第二个分句中，and连接两个并列的谓语动词“walked”和“offered”。 翻译：收藏家注意到浅碟是件古董，很值钱，于是他漫不经心地走进店里，假装不知情的样子，提出要花20美元买那只猫。 3．Well, according to the studies on astronomy, it tells me that there are millions of galaxies and potentially billions of planets. 分析：本句为主从复合句。that引导宾语从句，作tells的直接宾语。 翻译：嗯，根据天文学研究推断，现在天空中有数百万的星系，可能还有数十亿颗行星。 4．He had to wait for what seemed like ages in the doctor’s surgery. 分析：本句为主从复合句。what引导宾语从句，作wait for的宾语，seem like意为“似乎”。 翻译：他在诊室里等着，像是等了几个世纪。 5．I hear there’s an amazing clown who’ll really make you laugh. 分析：本句为主从复合句。hear后为省略了that的宾语从句，该宾语从句中含有there be句式，其中who引导定语从句，修饰先行词clown，who在从句中作主语，make Sb. do sth.意为“让某人做某事”。 翻译：我听说有个很棒的小丑，他肯定能逗笑你。 Story A ❶A famous art collector was walking through the city when he noticed a dirty cat lapping milk from a saucer in the doorway of a store. He did a double take①. ❷He noticed that the saucer was an antique and very valuable②, so he walked casually into③the store and innocently offered to④buy the cat for 20 dollars. The store owner replied, “I’m sorry, but the cat isn’t for sale⑤ .” The collector said, “Please, I need a hungry cat with a good appetite around the house to catch mice. I’ll pay you 200 dollars for⑥ that cat.” The owner said “sold” and handed over⑦ the cat. The collector continued, ❸“Hey, for the 200 dollars I wonder if you could throw in that old saucer. The cat’s used to⑧ it and it’ll save me from having to get a dish.” And the owner said, “Sorry my friend, but that’s my lucky saucer. So far⑨ this week I’ve sold 68 cats.” Story B Sherlock Holmes and Dr. Watson went on a camping trip⑩. After a good dinner and a bottle of wine, they retired for the night, and went to sleep. Some hours later, Holmes woke up and asked his faithful friend, “Watson, look up at the sky and tell me what you see.” “I see millions and millions of stars, Holmes,” replied Watson. “And what do you deduce from that?” Watson thought for a minute. “❹Well, according to the studies on astronomy, it tells me that there are millions of galaxies and potentially billions of⑲ planets. According to the positions of the stars, I observe⑳ that Saturn is in Leo. According to the scientific measurement of time, I deduce that the time is probably a quarter past three. According to the current atmosphere, I forecast that we will have a beautiful day tomorrow. What does it tell you, Holmes?” Holmes was silent for a moment. “Watson,” he said, “someone has stolen our tent!” Story C A middle-aged man was feeling very down. Everything had been going wrong for him. He had had problems at work and his wife had left him for another man. ❺So, after he had been feeling depressed for over a month, he decided to go to the doctor. ❻He had to wait for what seemed likeages in the doctor’s surgery. The bleeding man next to him was looking at his watch nervously; a woman was coughing and sneezing badly; and a baby was screaming. Finally, after he had been waiting for about half an hour, he was called in for his consultation. The doctor was writing a note at her desk when he came in. “Sorry, I’m just finishing something. I’m afraid we’ve been very busy this morning.” She then turned to the man. “So, what’s the problem?” she asked. “Well, I’ve been having a bit of a crisis, you know, lots of problems,” replied the man. “And I’ve been doing a lot of work.” “Mmm, you’re looking very pale.” The doctor started to examine him. “Well, everything is working OK,” she announced afterwards. “You have slightly high blood pressure and you're breathing quite heavily, but otherwise everything’s fine.” “So what can I do?” asked the man. “I’m going on a trip soon. I will be working in the United States for three months. This time next week, I’ll be arriving in New York.” The doctor thought for a while. “I think what you need is a good laugh. That would do you a lot of good. A circus is performing in town. Why don’t you go to see it? ❼I hear there’s an amazing clown who’ll really make you laugh. His name’s Grock.” “I am Grock,” replied the man sadly. [参考译文] 故事A 一个著名的艺术品收藏家在步行穿过城市时看见一只脏猫在一家商店门口舔饮浅碟中的牛奶。他惊讶地又看了一眼。 收藏家注意到浅碟是件古董，很值钱，于是他漫不经心地走进店里，假装不知情的样子，提出要花20美元买那只猫。 店主回答道：“不好意思，这只猫不卖。” 收藏家说：“拜托了，我正需要一只又饿、胃口又好的猫帮我抓房子周围的老鼠呢，我可以出200美元买那只猫。” 店主说了声“成交”，就把猫给了他。 收藏家接着说：“嘿，200 美元的话能不能把那个旧碟子也送给我。毕竟这猫已经习惯了用它，这样也省得我再去买猫食盆了。” 店主说：“对不起，朋友，那可是我的幸运碟。到现在为止，这周我已经卖出去68 只猫了。” 故事B 夏洛克·福尔摩斯和华生医生去野营。他们吃了一顿丰盛的晚餐，喝了瓶酒，就准备休息，去睡觉了。 几小时后，福尔摩斯醒了，问他忠实的朋友：“华生，抬头看看天空，告诉我你看到了什么。” “福尔摩斯，我看到无数的星星，”华生回答。 “那你从中推断出什么？” 华生想了一会儿。 “嗯，根据天文学研究推断，现在天空中有数百万的星系，可能还有数十亿颗行星。根据星星的位置判断，现在土星在狮子座。根据科学计时测算，我推断现在大概是三点一刻。根据目前的大气条件，我预测明天天气会很好。福尔摩斯，你推断出了什么？” 福尔摩斯沉默了一会儿。“华生，”他说，“有人偷了我们的帐篷！” 故事C 一个中年男子觉得非常沮丧。最近他诸事不顺。他在工作上遇到了问题，妻子又跟别的男人跑了。在沮丧了一个多月后，他决定去看医生。他在诊室里等着，像是等了几个世纪。旁边的男人在流血，紧张地看着手表；一个女人使劲咳嗽、打喷嚏；还有个婴儿在哭闹。等了半小时后，终于叫到他了。他进去时医生正在办公桌上写便条。“抱歉，我刚忙完别的事，今天上午很忙。”之后她转向男人问道，“你怎么了？” “是这样的，我最近遭遇了一点危机，嗯，是出现了很多问题，”那人回答道，“而且我工作一直很忙。” “嗯，你脸色很苍白。”医生开始给他检查。“不过一切正常，”她检查后说道。“除了血压有点高，呼吸有些沉重，其他方面都正常。” “那我该怎么办？”那人问道。“我很快就要出差了，要在美国连续工作三个月。下星期的这个时候，我就去纽约了。” 医生想了一会儿。“我觉得你需要开怀大笑，笑出来对你很有好处。城里刚好有马戏团表演，你怎么不去看看呢？我听说马戏团里有个很棒的小丑，叫格罗克，他肯定能逗笑你。” “可我就是格罗克，”那人悲伤地回答。 [难词注解] ①do a double take惊讶地又看了一眼 ②valuable adj.很值钱的；贵重的 ③walk into 走进 ④offer to 主动提出 ⑤for sale 出售;廉价出售 ⑥pay for 付钱 ⑦hand over 移交; 拿给(另一人) ⑧be used to 习惯于 ⑨so far 到目前为止 ⑩go on a camping trip 去野营 ⑪a bottle of 一瓶 ⑫go to sleep 去睡觉 ⑬wake up 醒来 ⑭look up 向上看 ⑮millions and millions of 数百万的 ⑯deduce v.推论；推断 ⑰for a minute 一会儿 ⑱according to 根据 ⑲billions of 数以亿计的 ⑳observe vt.看到；注意到；观察到 silent adj.安静的；沉默的 go to the doctor 看医生 wait for 等待 seem like 似乎 age n.很长时间 next to 紧挨着 call ...in 叫……进来 come in 进来 turn to 转向；求助 a bit of 一点 arrive in 到达 [难句分析] ❶本句使用了be doing ...when ...句式，when连接两个并列分句，前一个分句中，through the city是介词短语作状语；后一个分句中，notice ...doing sth.意为“注意到……正在做某事”。 ❷本句是由so连接的并列句。第一个分句中，that引导宾语从句，作动词noticed的宾语；第二个分句中，and 连接两个并列的谓语动词“walked”和“offered”。 ❸本句为主从复合句。if意为“是否”，引导宾语从句，作wonder的宾语。 ❹本句为主从复合句。that引导宾语从句，作tells的直接宾语。 ❺本句为主从复合句。after引导时间状语从句。 ❻本句为主从复合句。what引导宾语从句，作wait for的宾语，seem like意为“似乎”。 ❼本句为主从复合句。hear后为省略了that的宾语从句，该宾语从句中包含there be 句式，其中who引导定语从句，修饰先行词clown，who在从句中作主语，make Sb. do sth.意为“让某人做某事”。 [对应学生用书P9] 1 pretend vi.& vt．假装, 装作 when someone pretends to be someone else 当一个人假装成另一个人时 ►情景探究 He would ask who we were and pretend not to know us. 他会问我们是谁，然后假装不认识我们。 ►要点突破 ①pretend to do假装做…… ②pretend to be doing假装正在做…… ③pretend to have done假装已做过…… ④pretend to be+n./adj.假装是…… ⑤pretend that ...假装…… pretend后接动词不定式或从句作宾语，动词不定式有时态和语态的变化。 ►学以致用 [单句填空] ①When I came in，he pretended to be typing(type). ②Jim pretended to have solved(solve) the difficult problem already. ③She pretended to be asleep(asleep)，so that she would not be attacked by the thief. [完成句子] ④他和我开玩笑，假装把票丢了。 He played a joke on me by pretending he’d lost the tickets. 2 interact vi.交流；交往；相互作用 the way they interact with one another 他们相互交流的方式 ►情景探究 ①While the other children interacted and played together, Ted ignored them. 当其他孩子们相互交往、一起玩耍时，泰德却不理他们。 ②Playing games and singing songs provide the opportunity for classroom interaction. 玩游戏和唱歌提供了课堂互动的机会。 ►要点突破 ①interact with Sb.=communicate with Sb.与某人交流 interact on作用；影响；制约 interact well沟通良好 ②interaction n.［C］交流；互动 ③interactive adj.相互作用的;互动的;人机对话的 ►学以致用 [单句填空] ①The group interaction(interact) and its effect drew the researchers’ attention. ②Lucy interacts well with other children in the class. [完成句子] ③一组被要求寻求与服务员的互动，另一组只在必要时说话。 One group was asked to seek out an interaction with its waiter；the other，to speak only when necessary. ④它们各要素之间既相互联系又相互制约。 All the factors are interrelated and interact on each other. 3 anxiety n.焦虑，不安，担心 relieves stress and anxiety 缓解压力和焦虑 ►情景探究 ①Nurses and other care-givers need to be aware of the possible meanings of silence when they come across the personal anxiety their patients may be experiencing. 当护士和其他护理人员遇到病人可能正在经历的个人焦虑时，他们需要意识到沉默的可能含义。 ②Whether you’re a bookworm or social butterfly, it’s easy to feel depressed or anxious when you’re trying to be someone you’re not. 无论你是书虫还是善于交际的人，当你试图成为别人的时候，很容易感到沮丧或焦虑。 ►要点突破 ①with anxiety焦虑地 ②anxious adj.焦虑的，不安的；渴望的 be anxious about/for ...为……担心/担忧 be anxious to do sth.急于/渴望做某事 be anxious for sth.渴望得到某物 ③anxiously adv.焦虑地；不安地 ►学以致用 [单句填空] ①According to psychologists, people seriously addicted to games can become anxious（anxiety）, bad tempered, and avoid responsibility. ②One day when I was around the age of nine or ten, I was very anxious to try(try) it on. ③The rain had lasted a month and the farmers were anxious for/about the harvest. ④My children waited anxiously(anxious) for their presents on Children Day. [完成句子] ⑤我们应该选择我们最喜欢的运动来放松我们的肌肉，减少我们学习的焦虑和负担。 We should choose our favorite sports to relax our muscles and reduce the anxiety and burden of our study. 4 significant adj.重要的,重大的 Research shows that laughing has significant benefits ... 研究表明，笑有显著的好处…… ►情景探究 ①There are no significant differences between the two groups of students. 这两组学生没有明显差别。 ②The two sets of figures are not significantly different. 这两组数字没有明显的差别。 ►要点突破 ①a significant achievement 一项重大成就 a highly significant discovery 一个有重大意义的发现 It is significant that ...……很重要。 ②be of significance=be significant 有重大意义的 have significance for 对……有意义 常见的“be of+抽象名词”的短语 ①be of significance=be significant ②be of importance=be important ③be of value =be valuable ④be of help=be helpful ⑤be of use=be useful ►学以致用 [一句多译] ①我想他从不了解自己的父亲这一点就很说明问题。 →I think it was significant that he never knew his own father. →I think it was of significance that he never knew his own father. [完成句子] ②很明显，这次考试中，女生的考试成绩比男生的好。 It is significant that girls do better in this examination than boys. ③这种新药对于这种病的治疗有重大的意义。 The new drug has great significance for the treatment of the disease. 5 Unbalanced adj.不平衡的 In the second round, I took such a hard hit from my opponent that I felt dizzy and unbalanced. 在第二个回合，我被对手狠狠一击，几乎晕厥，失去了平衡。 ►情景探究 ①Finding and maintaining the right balance between development and preservation of cultural heritage can be a huge challenge. 在发展和保护文化遗产之间找到并保持适当的平衡可能是一个巨大的挑战。 ②A lecture on how to keep a balance between study and play is being delivered in the Student Center. 学生中心正在举行一场关于如何在学与玩之间保持平衡的讲座。 ③You must balance the good points against the bad ones and then make your decision. 你必须权衡利弊，然后做出决定。 ►要点突破 ①balanced adj.保持(或显示)平衡的 a balanced diet均衡饮食 ②balance n.平衡；均衡；天平 keep the balance of nature保持自然平衡 keep one’s balance保持平衡 keep a balance between A and B保持A与B均衡 lose one’s balance＝be out of balance失去平衡 on balance总的说来 ③balance vt.使保持平衡/均衡；权衡 balance A with/and B同等重视A和B（相对的两个事物或方面） balance A against B权衡A和B ►学以致用 [单句填空] ①It seems that a healthy lifestyle with a balanced(balance) diet might be more important for many of us than just one single meal. ②We should try to keep a balance between work and play. ③The driver said the load may have shifted and unbalanced(balance) the truck. [完成句子] ④众所周知，所有的动物都在保持自然平衡中发挥着作用。 What is known to all is that all the animals play a part in keeping the balance of nature. 6 Confused adj.困惑的 He was confused and didn’t know if he should carry on hitting me, or stop and help Mr Zhao—so he just stood there. 他很困惑，不知道是应该继续打我，还是停下来帮助赵先生——所以他只是站在那里。 ►情景探究 ①There are huge quantities of reference books which I am often confused to choose from. 这里有大量的参考书，我经常会对选择哪本感到困惑。 ②He always confuses Tom with his twin brother. 他总是把汤姆和他的孪生兄弟弄混。 ③The first week was a little confusing. Adam really didn’t know what to do. 第一周有点混乱。亚当真的不知道该怎么办。 ►要点突破 ①be/get confused by 被……弄混；对……感到困惑 be confused to do sth. 对做某事感到困惑 ②confuse vt.使迷惑；使为难；使混乱；混淆 confuse A with/and B 把A和B混淆；辨别不清A和B ③confusing adj.难以理解的；使人困惑的 ④confusion n.困惑；混淆 in confusion困窘；尴尬 ►学以致用 [单句填空] ①The blessing to Karen and me was double. In addition to ending years of confusion(confuse), we learned to share the joy of being the proud daughters of two extraordinary fathers. [完成句子] ②她一开始很困惑，但还是笑了笑，害羞地摇了摇头，说“不”。 Confused at first, she smiled but shook her head shyly, saying “no”. ③当他遇到一个令人困惑的问题时，他脸上露出困惑的表情。 There was a confused look on his face when he met with a confusing problem. 7 faithful adj.忠诚的 Some hours later, Holmes woke up and asked his faithful friend, “Watson, look up at the sky and tell me what you see.” 几小时后，福尔摩斯醒了，问他忠实的朋友：“华生，抬头看看天空，告诉我你看到了什么。” ►情景探究 ①It is very important that friends should be faithful to each other. 朋友之间相互忠诚是非常重要的。 ②Where there is the national flag of China, there is a lighthouse of faith. If faith has a color, it must be China red. 哪里有中国国旗，哪里就有信仰的灯塔。如果信念有颜色，那一定是中国红。 ►要点突破 ①be faithful to ... 对……忠诚 faithful friends忠实的朋友 ②faith n.信任；相信；信心；承诺 have faith in ...相信……；对……有信心 lose faith in ...对……失去信心 keep/break faith with 对……守信用/不守信用 ③faithfully adv.忠实地 ►学以致用 [单句填空] ①You must have faith in yourself and in your ability to succeed, otherwise you are not very likely to win, or even to try. ②We must be honest and faithful(faith) to the people. ③He had supported the local team faithfully(faith) for 30 years. [完成句子] ④经过努力学习，托尼现在有信心通过英语考试。 After all his hard work, Tony now has faith to pass the English exam. 8 Measurement n.测量，计量，衡量 According to the scientific measurement of time, I deduce that the time is probably a quarter past three. 根据科学计时测算，我推断现在大概是三点一刻。 ►情景探究 ①It is generally acknowledged that education shouldn’t be measured only by examination results. 人们普遍认为教育不应该单纯用考试分数来衡量。 ②The measure of a good night’s sleep is usually based on two things—the amount of time spent sleeping and the quality of that sleep. 衡量晚上睡得好不好通常基于两件事——睡眠时间和睡眠质量。 ③At present, some necessary measures are being taken to guard against food poisoning. 当前正采取一些有效措施来防止食物中毒。 ►要点突破 ①measure n.措施，方法；衡量 take measures to do sth.采取措施做某事 make sth. to one’s measure 照某人的尺寸做…… beyond measure 非常，极其；不可估量 ②measure vt.估量，衡量；测量 vi.有……长/宽/高 measure ...by ...用……来衡量…… be measured by用……来衡量/计算 ①measure 表示“有……长/宽/高”时，系动词后跟测量的结果，不用进行时和被动语态。 ②measure表示“措施”时，是可数名词，常用复数形式。 ►学以致用 [单句填空] ①An organization has taken measures to add(add) chopsticks to the Shanghai Intangible Cultural Heritage List recently. ②Satellite measurements(measure) have shown that the poles are 0.55℃ warmer during a full Moon. ③Popularity may be measured(measure) by likes, but wisdom is not. [完成句子] ④只有人类采取一系列有效的措施，野生动物才能得到保护。 Only when human beings take a series of effective measures can wildlife be protected. ⑤工作时，你还应该测量眼睛到屏幕的距离。 You should also measure the distance from your eyes to your screen at work. 9 for sale出售 The store owner replied, “I’m sorry, but the cat isn’t for sale.” 店主回答道：“不好意思，这只猫不卖。” ►情景探究 ①They’ve put their house up for sale. 他们的房子在出售。 ②Tickets are on sale from the booking office. 售票处正在售票。 ►要点突破 ①put up sth.for sale拿出某物出售/拍卖 ②on sale出售；廉价出售 ③advertise the sale of sth.为出售某物做广告 ④make a sale做一桩买卖 ⑤increase sales增加销售额 ⑥buy goods at the sales减价期间购物 ►学以致用 [完成句子] ①他在古董店和互联网上发现了在出售的旧军功章。 He finds old military（军队的） medals for sale in antique stores and on the Internet. ②他上个月刚刚出版的那本彩色书的签名本将在他演讲后出售。 Signed copies of his colorful book, which was published just last month, will be on sale after his talk. ③整整一个星期我什么也没卖出去。 I haven’ made a sale all week. ④我在大减价时买了一件外套。 I bought a coat at the sales. 10 carry on doing sth.继续做某事 He was confused and didn’t know if he should carry on hitting me, or stop and help Mr Zhao—so he just stood there. 他很困惑，不知道是应该继续打我，还是停下来帮助赵先生——所以他只是站在那里。 ►情景探究 ①He carried on working as if nothing had happened. 他若无其事地继续干活。 ②Her bravery has given him the will to carry on with his life and work. 她的勇气激发了他继续生活和工作下去的意愿。 ③It’s often easier to make plans than it is to carry them out. 制订计划常比执行计划容易些。 ④They decided to carry the task through in spite of the difficulties. 他们决定不顾困难，完成任务。 ►要点突破 ①carry on (with) sth.继续某事 ②carry off赢得，获得 ③carry out执行;实施 ④carry through完成；帮助……渡过难关 ►学以致用 [用适当的介词或副词填空] ①We must carry on with the investigation until the facts are found. ②They gave up carrying out the plan because of the lack of time. ③She is playing so well this year that people expect her to carry off all the big prizes again. ④Their courage carried the people through the war. [完成句子] ⑤当你年长了，还会继续骑车吗? Will you carry on riding when you’re older? ⑥她最终决定继续下去，以纪念她的丈夫。 She finally determined to carry on to honor her huSband. 11 hand over 移交;拿给(另一人) The owner said “sold” and handed over the cat. 店主说了声“成交”，就把猫给了他。 ►情景探究 ①He handed over a cheque for ＄200，000. 他交出了一张20万美元的支票。 ②Could you hand these books out, please? 请把这些书发给大家，好吗？ ③You must all hand in your projects by the end of next week. 你们都必须在下周末前上交研究报告。 ④Natural resources should be handed on to the next generation without damage. 自然资源应该完好无损地传给下一代。 ►要点突破 ①hand in上交；提交 ②hand out分发 ③hand on移交；传递下去 ►学以致用 [单句填空] ①I’m supposed to have handed in the first draft of my paper. ②One of my jobs was to hand out the prizes. [完成句子] ③现任领导者们必须决定是否把工作移交给较年轻的一代负责。 The present leaders have to decide whether to hand over to a younger generation. ④父亲的这些技能过去常常传给儿子。 These skills from fathers used to be handed on to sons. 12 be used to （doing） sth. 习惯于（做）某事 The cat’s used to it and it’ll save me from having to get a dish. 毕竟这猫已经习惯了用它，这样也省得我再去买猫食盆了。 ►情景探究 ①I’m used to getting up early. 我习惯早起。 ②The paper can be used to fold something. 这些纸可以用来折东西。 ►要点突破 ①used to do“过去常常做某事”，后接动词原形 ②be/get/become used to (doing) sth.=get/become accustomed to (doing) sth.习惯于（做）某事 ③be used to do被用来做……(被动语态) ►学以致用 [单句填空] ①Her library used to be（be） a meeting place for all who loved books and liked to share knowledge. ②My grandpa is used to living（live） in the countryside. ③Iron and steel are used to build（build） bridges. [完成句子] ④有很多常见的用来做鱼的方法。 There are many common methods used to cook fish. 13 for a moment 片刻，一会儿 Holmes was silent for a moment. 华生想了一会儿。 ►情景探究 ①He thought for a moment before replying. 他想了一下才回答。 ②I’ll be back in a moment. 我马上就回来。 ③We’re busy at the moment. 我们这会儿很忙。 ④From that moment on, she never felt really well again. 从那时候开始，她就再也没真正好受过。 ⑤I want to see him the moment he arrives. 希望他一到我就能见到他。 ►要点突破 ①from that moment on从那时起 ②at this/that moment就在这/那时候 ③at the moment此刻，目前 ④for the moment目前，暂时 ⑤for a moment片刻，一会儿 ⑥in a moment立刻，马上 ⑦the moment (that) ...一……就…… ⑧any moment很快；随时 ►学以致用 [用moment的相关短语填空] ①I was required to read one of Bernie Siegel’s books in college and was hooked on his positivity from that moment on（从那时起）. ②My eldest son, whose work takes him all over the world, is in New York at the moment（现在）. ③Good evening, everybody. Professor King will be delivering his lecture in a moment（一会儿）, but let me introduce him first. ④For example, the moment（一……就……） you get on the airplane, start adjusting your biological clock to the destination’s time. 14 announce v.宣布；宣告 “Well, everything is working OK,” she announced afterwards. “不过一切正常，”她检查后说道。 ►情景探究 ①Everyone was silent as he announced the winner of the competition. 当他宣布竞赛的优胜者时，大家都静静地倾听。 ②The Seattle Times publishes brief announcements of religious events every Saturday. 《西雅图时报》每周六刊登简短的宗教活动通告。 ►要点突破 ①announce sth. to Sb.向某人宣布某事 It is announced that ...据称/据宣布…… as is announced正如宣布的那样 ②make an announcement下通知,宣布 ►学以致用 [一句多译] ①据说王教授要来作一个关于他在海上冒险的演讲。 →It is announced that Professor Wang is coming to make a speech about his adventures at sea. →Professor Wang is announced to come to make a speech about his adventures at sea. [完成句子] ②他说这个幸运的女子将在网站上公布，这次旅行将在网上分享。 He said the lucky woman will be announced on the website and the trip will be shared online. ③她在与总统会谈后发布了公告。 She made an announcement after talks with the president. ④报纸上宣布说，我国又发射了一颗人造地球卫星。 As is announced in the papers, our country has launched another man-made earth satellite. 15 deserve v.应得；应受到 I really don’t think I deserve a zero. 事实上我认为我不该得零分。 ►情景探究 ①It was a failure but the methods deserved praise. 这是一次失败，但其方法值得赞扬。 ②His music deserved to be preserved. 他的音乐应该保存下来。 ►要点突破 ①deserve to do sth.应该做某事，值得做某事（主语和不定式的主语为逻辑上的主谓关系） ②deserve doing/to be done (某事)值得被做/应该被做（主语和不定式的主语为逻辑上的动宾关系，动名词须用主动形式表被动） ③deserve consideration/attention/praise值得考虑/注意/表扬 “deserve doing”结构是动名词的主动形式表示被动含义，它相当于deserve to be done。类似用法的词还有：need, want, require。 [一句多译] ①运动员们在比赛中的表现值得表扬。 →The athletes’ performance in the competition deserves praising. →The athletes’ performance in the competition deserves to be praised. →The athletes’ performance in the competition deserves the praise. [完成句子] ②这些人应该得到高于最低工资的报酬。 These people deserve to make more than the minimum wage. ③电子垃圾值得好好利用。 E-waste deserves to be made good use of. ④荒野在世界保护中应该享有什么样的地位显然值得认真思考。 What position wilderness should enjoy in the preservation of the world obviously deserves much more serious thinking. 1 be doing ...when ... “正在做……, 就在这时……” A famous art collector was walking through the city when he noticed a dirty cat lapping milk from a saucer in the doorway of a store. 一个著名的艺术品收藏家在步行穿过城市时看见一只脏猫在一家商店门口舔饮浅碟中的牛奶。 ►情景探究 ①I was about to go out when an unexpected visitor came. 我正要出门，一位不速之客来访了。 ②I had just gone to bed when the telephone rang. 我刚上床睡觉，这时电话响了。 ③I was on the point of going out when the phone rang. 我当时正要出去，突然电话铃响了。 ►要点突破 be doing ...when ...结构中，when可以看作并列连词，表示在做某事的同时突然发生另外一件事。主句的时态多为过去时。类似的结构还有： ①be about to do ...when ...正要做……这时…… ②had just done ...when ...刚刚做了……就…… ③be on the point of doing ...when ...正要做……这时…… ►学以致用 [单句填空] ①Jack was working(work) in the lab when the power cut occurred. ②I was about to give up when my father came and encouraged me to keep going. [完成句子] ③2021年，我刚刚从一场严重的疾病中恢复过来，就收到了去佛罗里达州的奥兰多参加一个作家会议的邀请。 In 2021，I had just recovered from a serious illness when I received an invitation to a writer’s conference in Orlando, Florida. ④他正要说些什么的时候，他妈妈进来了。 He was on the point of saying something when his mother came in. 2 notice ...doing ... 注意到……正在做…… A famous art collector was walking through the city when he noticed a dirty cat lapping milk from a saucer in the doorway of a store. 一个著名的艺术品收藏家在步行穿过城市时看见一只脏猫在一家商店门口舔饮浅碟中的牛奶。 ►情景探究 ①The policeman noticed the man trying to break into the room. 警察看到那人正企图破门而入。 ②Lily noticed the man open the window. 莉莉看见那个人打开了窗户。 ③They were noticed to enter the bank. 有人注意到他们进入银行。 ►要点突破 ①notice Sb. doing sth.意为“注意到某人正在做某事”，现在分词（短语）作宾语补足语。 ②notice Sb. do sth.注意到某人做了某事 ③Sb. be noticed to do sth.某人被注意到做了某事 ④Sb. be noticed doing sth.某人被注意到正在做某事 感官动词observe, see, notice, watch, look at, hear, listen to等后用现在分词作宾语补足语强调动作正在进行，用不带to的不定式作宾补强调动作的整个过程。 ►学以致用 [单句填空] ①As I approached mile 23, I could notice my wife waving(wave) a sign. ②Tourists were seen playing/to play(play) with monkeys with their cameras. [完成句子] ③由于这些地区没有下雨，这样的（水）储存只会减少，人们认为50年后，这些储备就会被抽干。 Because there is no rainfall in these areas, such reserves can only decrease, and it is believed that fifty years of pumping will notice them run dry. 3 否定转移 I really don’t think I deserve a zero. 事实上我认为我不该得零分。 ►情景探究 I don’t think they will object to my suggestion. 我想他们不会反对我的建议。 ►要点突破 宾语从句的否定词转移到主句上，即形式上是否定主句，但意义上是否定宾语从句。否定转移的条件： ①主句谓语动词是think, believe, suppose, expect, imagine等； ②主句主语是第一人称； ③主句时态是一般现在时。 ►学以致用 [完成句子] ①老实说，我认为这是不可能的。 To be honest, I don’t think it will be possible. ② 我放弃了学习，想成为一名DJ，但是我想我的父母不会满意的。 I gave up studying to become a DJ, but I don’t think my parents will be satisfied. ③我觉得没有人会自告奋勇，是不是？ I don’t suppose anyone will volunteer, will they? 4 such+a/an+adj.+可数名词单数+that ... In the second round, I took such a hard hit from my opponent that I felt dizzy and unbalanced.在第二个回合，我被对手狠狠一击，几乎晕厥，失去了平衡。 ►情景探究 ①We had such terrible weather that we couldn’t go out to play. 天气这么糟，以至于我们没能出去玩耍。 ②And my memory became so large that even I couldn’t believe it! 我的存储量变得如此之大，以至于我自己都不能相信！ ③This was so funny a story that it made everybody laugh. 这个故事太滑稽了，把大家都逗笑了。 ►要点突破 ①such＋a/an＋adj.＋可数名词单数+that（结果状语从句）=such+adj.＋不可数名词/复数名词＋that(结果状语从句) 如此……以至于…… ②so ...that ...意为“如此……以至于……”，that引导结果状语从句。其句型基本结构为： ►学以致用 [一句多译] ①他跑得太快了，我跟不上他。 →He ran so quickly that I couldn’t follow him. →He ran very quickly so that I couldn’t follow him. ②天气非常寒冷，以至于街上没有人。 →It was such a cold day that there was nobody on the street. →It was so cold a day that there was nobody on the street. ③这道题如此难以至于没人能做出来。 →This is such a difficult question that nobody can work it out. →This is such a difficult question as nobody can work out. [对应学生用书P15] 1.Niles says her next step is to bring indigenous comedy（喜剧） into the mainstream(主流). 2.We were all surprised that he spoke French with such a perfect accent（口音）. 3.We can use our eyes and facial（面部的）expressions to communicate virtually every subtle nuance of emotion there is. 4.These diseases have caused a rise in anxiety（焦虑） among young people. 5.It also enhances（增强） our societies as we find fulfillment and pride in shaping our cultural identity. 6.If I want to study tornadoes, I usually follow them in my car. That way, I can get close enough to get measurements（测量） with my instruments. 7.The weather forecast（预报） says it will be cloudy with a slight chance of rain later tonight. 1.I pretended not to have heard(hear) it, unwilling to get separated from my dog. 2.My faith in human nature has never been so great as it was last weekend after our family get-together in the town of Vail. 3.Iconic vocalizations are potentially(potential) one pathway that could have been involved. 4.You need to listen to the announcement(announce) to find out who is playing next. 5.As a faculty member at the University of North Carolina, he provided scientific(science) advice and held equity in the businesses. 6.In real life just as in fiction, we all deserve to live(live) happily ever after. 1.学生们应该继续上课，交上所有期末作业，完成所有测试。 Students should proceed to their normal classes, hand in all final tasks, and complete all tests. 2.我们选择这个酒店,因为这里一个晚上的费用降到了20美元,是以前收费的一半。 We choose this hotel because the price for a night here is down to ＄20, half of what it used to charge. 3.这时，保罗和贝基正在开车去阿拉斯加的路上。 At this moment, Paul and Becky were driving their car on the way to Alaska. 4.我当时正要放弃，这时我的父亲走过来鼓励我坚持下去。 I was about to give up when my father came and encouraged me to keep going. 5.我认为他不会在雨天去游泳。 I don’t think he’ll go for a swim in a rainy day. 6.保罗在演讲比赛中表现得很好。他上星期一定练习了很多次。 Paul did a great job in the speech contest. He must have practised many times last week. Story A A famous collector accidentally saw a cat lapping milk from a saucer, which was a 1.valuable(value) antique. In order 2.to get it,he pretended to like the cat and wanted to pay 20 dollars for the cat. But the owner refused. Then he offered up to 200 dollars and the owner agreed. But when he 3.innocently(innocent)wanted the saucer as well, the owner refused again. He said because of the lucky saucer, he 4.had sold(sell) 68 cats. Story B Once Sherlock Holmes and Dr Watson went on a camping trip. When Holmes woke up at midnight, he saw the sky. He then asked Watson 5.what he concluded from it when he saw the sky. Watson gave three answers according to the 6.studies(study) on astronomy. But he didn't notice it was because someone had stolen their tent that they could see the sky. Story C Grock, a clown of a circus 7.had been feeling(feel) depressed for more than a month. He decided to see a doctor. While 8.waiting(wait) he saw all kinds of patients—a nervous bleeding man, a badly coughing woman and a screaming baby. At last it was his turn.When the doctor examined him and 9.found（find） everything okay, she told him to see the performance of a clown, 10.whose name was Grock! 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$