2024年中考英语复习 三大从句用法

名词性从句:具有名词特性的从句 宾语从句 1、 判定: A. 及物动词 +连接词+从句 B. 不及物动词+介词 +连接词+从句 C. 系动词+表语(与情绪有关的adj)+连接词+从句 Eg:Tom asked why I was late for the class. Eg:It depends on what will happen. Eg:I am sorry that I can’t go with you. 2. 考点:时态;语序;引导词 时态:主现从不限;主过从必过 Eg: Tom often says that he is good at swimming. It depends on what will happen tomorrow. Tom asked why I was late for the class this morning. Tom said that he had lived in the house for twenty years. Tom said that he would come the next year. 注意:客观真理,客观事实,习语谚语,名言警句 用一般现在时。 Tom said that Shanghai is located in the east of China. 语序:陈述语序(主语+谓语) 注意:当疑问词做主语时,即使是特殊疑问句,那么它也是陈述语序。 Eg:Tom asked who gave the present to him. Eg:Tom asked who he would go with? 引导词: that: 从句表陈述含义 that无意义 在从句中不充当成分 I am Zhang Xinqi. -Zhang Xinqi says that she is Zhang Xinqi. You don’t like English. -Tom said to me that I didn’t like English. If/whether: 从句表一般疑问含义用if/whether都可以; 从句表选择疑问时只用whether 有意义:是否 在从句中不充当成分 Does she like English?(疑问语序-助动词/情态动词/be动词+主语) - Tom asked if/whether she liked English. Does she like English or Chinese? - Tom asked whether she liked English or Chinese. 注意: 只用whether的情况:1.与or not 连用 2.与to do 连用 3.放在介词后 特殊疑问词: 在从句中表特殊疑问含义 有意义:每一个疑问词都有自己的意义 在从句中充当成分 What can I do for you?(疑问语序) -Tom asked me what he can do for me.(陈述语序) What made you so sad? -Tom asked me what made me so sad. 疑问词:疑问代词和疑问副词 疑问代词:what (主语、宾语) 什么 which (主语、宾语) 哪一个;哪一些 who (主语、宾语) 谁 whom (宾语) 谁 whose (定语) 谁的 what/which+n. (主语、宾语) 什么....../哪个...... 疑问副词:when (时间状语) 什么时候 where (地点状语) 哪里 why (原因状语) 为什么 How (方式状语) 如何;怎样 how+adj./adv 形容词性从句:具有形容词特性的从句 定语从句 1、 判定: 名词/代词 (先行词) +关系词 +从句(修饰限定先行词) 关系词的作用:A:指代先行词 B:在从句中充当成分 C:连接主从复合句 Eg:Tom is the boy who often sleeps in class. 2、 考点:定语从句的主谓一致;关系词的选择 A:定语从句的主谓一致:当关系词在从句中充当主语时,从句的谓语动词要与先行词保持人称和数的一致。 Eg:Tom is the boy who often sleeps in class. Tom is one of the boys who often sleep in class. Tom is the only one of the boys that often sleeps in class. B:关系词的选择: 关系代词:that,who,whom,whose,which 先行词 关系代词 在从句中所做成分 人/物 that 主语/宾语 人 who 主语/宾语 人 whom 宾语 人/物 whose 定语 物 which 主语/宾语 只用that的情况: 1 序数词或形容词最高级修饰先行词时 Eg: Tom is the cleverest boy that I have ever known. This is the first play that I have seen since I came here. 2 先行词被every, some, no, all, any, little, much等修饰时。 Eg: I’ve read all the books that you lend me. 3 everything, something, nothing, anything, 等不定代词作先行词时 Eg: Everything that we saw in this film was true. 4 先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last修饰时。 Eg: This is the very book that belongs to him. 5 主句已有who或which时 Eg: Who is the girl that is standing under the tree? Which is the machine that we used last Sunday. 6 当先行词同时指人和物时 Eg: I’ve never heard of the people and things that you talked about just now. 不用that的情况: 关系代词前有介词时 (介词提前) .指人只用whom, 指物只用which Eg :This is the boy with whom he talked. This is the ring on which she spent 1000 dollars. 关系代词先有逗号时,不用that,其余正常选。 关系副词:when,where,why 先行词 关系副词 在从句中所做成分 时间 when=介词+which 时间状语 地点 where=介词+which 地点状语 reason why=for+which 原因状语 Eg:I still remember the day when/on which I first met him. The dictionary is the place where/in which success comes before work. This is the reason why/for which I was late for school. 副词性从句:具有副词特性的从句 状语从句(体现动作发生相关信息的句子) 1、 判定 A. 主语+不及物动词 +引导词+从句 B. 主语+及物动词+宾语 +引导词+从句 C. 主语+及物动词+双宾语 +引导词+从句 D. 主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语 +引导词+从句 E. 主语+系动词+表语 +引导词+从句 Eg : I will come when you call me. I was watching TV when Tom came in. I gave Tom a toy car when he came to meet me. I made Lucy cry when she was watching TV. I will become a doctor when I grow up. 2.考点:状语从句的种类及引导词的选择 A: 时间状语从句:when 当.....时(主从句动作可以先后发生也可以同时发生;从句的动词可以是短暂的也可以是延续的) while 当....时(主从句动作必须同时发生; 从句的动词只能是延续性的) since 自从 (主句用现在完成时;从句用一般过去时) as 随着...;一边...一边... before 在......之前 after 在......之后 until 直到......为止- not...until...直到......才...... as soon as 一...就... B: 地点状语从句:where;wherever C: 原因状语从句:because;since;as因为 D: 条件状语从句:if如果;unless除非;as long as(主将从现) Eg: Unless you study hard, you will fail the exam. = Study hard, or you will fail the exam. E: 目的状语从句:so that;in order that 为了 Eg:Tom studies hard in order that/so that he can enter a good university. Tom studies hard in order to/so as to/to enter a good university. F: 结果状语从句:so...that...;such...that...如此......以至于...... so adj/adv that... so adj a/an 可名单 that... so many/few 可数名词复数 that... so much/little(少的) 不可数名词 that... such a/an adj 可数名词单数 that... such adj 可数名词复数/不可数名词 that... G: 让步状语从句:though/although/even if/even though尽管;虽然 疑问词+ever=no matter+疑问词 无论...... H: 比较状语从句:as...as 句子/ ...than 句子 Eg:Tom can jump as tall as I can jump. Tom can jump taller than I can jump. I: 方式状语从句:as;as if;as though就像...... Eg: You must do as I told you . 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $$