小升初冠词（讲义）-2023-2024学年译林版（三起）英语六年级下册

冠词 概 述 适用学科 小学英语 适用年级 六年级 适用区域 通用版 课时时长（分钟） 120 知识点 冠词的用法 教学目标 能够区分和运用定冠词，不定冠词以及掌握零冠词的用法 教学重点 1. 冠词的分类 2.不同种类冠词的基本用法 教学难点 1. 在特殊语境中，a和an的用法辨析 2. 冠词的固定搭配 教学过程 一、导入 冠词是小升初考试的必考点，以下是小升初考试真题，从题目中观察考查方向及重点： 1）There’s _______ “h” in the word “hour”. A. a B. the C. an D./ 2) He is living in _______ European country. A.a B. the C. an D./ 3) _____ youngest leader in China is _______ man called Lu Hao． A．The；a B．A；the C．A；a D．An；all 二、知识讲解 知识点1 1. 冠词的定义：冠词是虚词，放在名词前，用来说明名词指的人或事物。 2. 冠词的分类： 定冠词：the 不定冠词：a 和 an 3. 冠词含义：“the”相当于“this/that/these/those”，翻译成“这” “a和an”相当于“one”，翻译成“一个、一只……” 4. 冠词特点： (1)它们本身都不能单独使用 ，必须和名词一起使用。 (2) a/an + 单数可数名词。 the + 可数名词/不可数名词，单复数均可，表示特指。 如：a dog , an orange the dog, the dogs, the water, the hair 知识点2 不定冠词 1）表示某一类人或事物中的任何一个，经常用在第一次提到的某人或某物时，用不定冠词起介绍作用，表示“一个”。 如： He has a girlfriend. I have an elephant. This is an interesting book. 2）表示数量“一”，相当于one. 如：There are twenty-four hours in a day. 3）表示人或事物的某一类，强调整体，以一个表一类。 如：A horse is useful to mankind.马对人类有用。 4）放在时间速度价格等前，表示“每一”的意思，相当于every. 如：we often go to school two times a day. 5）用于说明身份和职业 如: I am a teacher. 6）用于某些固定词组中 如：a lot of 许多 in a minute 一会儿 for a while 一会儿 have a try 试一试 in a word 总而言之 口诀： 不定冠词两变体，用a或an都表“一”； 可数名词首次提，何人何物不具体； 某类人、物任一个，有时还要表“每一”。 区分a和an？ an用于以元音音素开头的单词前，习惯上如果后面名词的首字母为五个元音字母a,e,i,o,u那我们选an 如：an old man, an orange, an elephant a用于辅音音素开头的单词前。 如： a book, a picture, a map, a cup 难点：应该注意有些特殊以元音字母开头确不能用an的单词，辅音字母开头的词不能用a。 如： an hour /'aʊə/ ; a useful book  /'jusfl/ ; a university /juːnɪ'vɜːsɪtɪ/; a European country  /ˌjʊərəˈpɪən/ 小窍门：In a university, a European and a one-eyed man walk along a one- way road with a usual tool. This is a usual thing. (在一所大学里，有一个欧洲人和一个独眼龙拿着有用的工具沿着一条单行道行走，这是件平常的事。) 例题1 用a和an填空 ____ useful bag ____ apple ____ umbrella ____ old man There is _____ "u" and _____"h" in the word "hour". 【答案】a; an; an; an; a; an 【解析】本题考察不定冠词a 和 an 的用法区别。（以元音发音开头的字母有“a、e、f、h、i、l、m、n、o、r、s、x”共12个） 知识点3 定冠词 1）特指某些人或物 如：The book on the desk is mine. 2）双方都知道的人或事物 如：Open the door, please. 3）指上文提到的人或事物（第二次出现用定冠词the，第一次出现用不定冠词a 或an） 如：He lives on a farm, the farm is not big. 4）指世界上独一无二的事物 如：The sun is bigger than the moon. 5）用在形容词前表示一类人 如： the poor the old the blind 6）用在姓氏前表示一家人,或者表示夫妻两人 如：The Greens are at table. 7）用于序数词、形容词最高级及形容词only,very,same等词的前面 如：The island is the biggest of the three. January is the first month of the year. They are in the same class. 8）用于乐器前 如：I like playing the piano. 9) 用在由普通名词构成的专有名词前 如： the People’s Republic of China: the Great Wall 10）用在习语中 如：look the same in the daytime in the morning by the way 口诀： 定冠词用法有规律，防止遗志很容易。 特指双方都熟悉，　上文已经被提及。 世上无二仅独一，　序数词和最高级。 山河海岛建筑物，　姓氏复数奏乐器。 少数形表人一类，　方位名词须牢记。 普构专有惯用词，　试用此诀有效率。 例题1 1) He is ______ strongest pupil in our class. A. a B. an C. the 2) ___ sun is bigger than ____ moon. A. The, the B. /, / C. The, / 3) China is one of the _____oldest countries in __world. A.the,the B.the,/ C.a,a D.an,the 知识点4 零冠词 1)专有名词（国民，地名，人名）、物质名词和抽象名词等不可数名词前 如：China，water，music 2)名词前已有作定语的指示代词、物主代词或不定代词等限定词 如：The letter is in her bag. I have some questions. 3)复数名词表示泛指 如：Books are useful. 4）球类活动、学科名词、一日三餐前 如：We have English and math every day. 5)节日、星期、月份、季节名称前 如：June 1 is Children’s Day． 6)表示颜色、语言、称呼语和官职、头衔的名词前 如：I like red. I can speak English . Headmaster Li comes to Class 5. 7)某些固定词组或习惯用语中 如：at night, go to school, by bus at home on, foot at first at last,at once 口诀： 下列情况不用冠，代词限定名词前； 专有名词不可数，球类学科与三餐； 复数名词表泛指，节日月份星期前； 颜色语种和国名，称呼习语及头衔。 例题1 1) At ______ home _______ Beijing play ______ chess have _______ lunch 2）Tom is playing ___ football, and Lily is playing_____ piano. A. /, / B. the, / C. /, the 三 、课堂运用 能力达标 在下列名词前填上a或者an，不需要的地方划/ 1.________English girl 2._______hot weather 3.________black pen 4._______clean park 5.________old hotel 6._______red skirt 7.________blue ink 8._______small clock 9.________big apple 10.______wonderful music 能力提升 1. Do you like playing _______ tennis or _______ piano?  A. the; the    B. the; /     C. /; /     D. /; the 2.  There is _______ “u” in the word “useful”.   A. a           B. /          C. an         D. the  3.There are sixty minutes in______hour. A.an B. the C.a D./ 4.Which is bigger,_____elephant or_____horse? A.a,the B. an,a C.the, a D.,an, the 5. Paris is_______capital of France. A.a B./ C.one D.the 6._______Unite States lies in North American. A.An B.A C.The D./ 7.Bill is a_____boy. He is_____English boy. A.a,the B.a,an C.the,an D.an.an 8.There is        map of the world on        wall. ______map is mine. A. a, a, A  B. a, the, The  C. the, the, The  D. the, the, A 9.Shanghai is in ______east of China. A.an B.a C.the D./ 10. Every one should respect_____old and______young. A.the,the B.an, the C.a, a D./,/ 四、口语训练营 The Old Cat An old woman had a cat. The cat was very old. She could not run quickly, and she could not bite, because she was so old. One day the old cat saw a mouse. She jumped and caught the mouse, but she could not bite it. So the mouse got out of her mouth and ran away, because the cat could not bite it. Then the old woman became very angry because the cat had not killed the mouse. She began to hit the cat. The cat said, "Do not hit your old servant. I have worked for you for many years, and I had caught a lot of mice, but I am too old. Do not be unkind to the old, but remember what good work the old did when they were young." 五 、课堂小结 让小升初学生对冠词的熟悉并运用，对于小升初学生来说是非常有必要的，并且，冠词也是初中高中必考知识。学完本节课学生应该掌握以下几个方面的知识点，检测一下你学会了吗？ 1. 冠词的定义 2. 冠词在句子中的作用 3. 冠词的分类 4. 不定冠词以及定冠词的用法 5. 掌握不定冠词、定冠词、零冠词的口诀 六 、课后作业 一、用a an the / 填空 1. No news is _______ good news.   2.There is ______ “a” on his paper.                     3. I ate ______apple .It’s _______red apple.  4._______tall man over there is my boss.                  5._______earth moves around ______ sun.  二、单项选择 1. Mr. Wang bought ______ house.______ house is not far from the lake . A a, An B the, The C a, The 2. Would you please pass me ______sugar on the table ? A a B the C an 3. ____earth we live on is bigger than _____ moon. A. The, a B. The, the C. A , the 4. _____ Blacks are going to the park this Sunday. Why don’t we go for _______ walk ? A . A, a B. The, a C. The, the 5. _____ elephant is ______ useful animal . A. An; an B. An; a C. The; an 6. His aunt will be back in _______ hour . A. a B. an C. the 7. I have ____ important meeting to attend . A. a B. an C. the 8. She is too tired ,so she wants to have____ rest . A. a B. an C. the 10 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$