选择性必修第一册Unit 2 Looking into the Future（人与社会：科学与技术)-【同步拓展阅读】2024-2025学年高二英语单元阅读提升（人教版2019）

选择性必修第一册Unit 2 Looking into the Future（人教版2019） 人与社会：科学与技术 单元引言解读 The best way to predict the future is to create it. —Peter Drucker 释义：What each of us can do is set the goal of creating a better future for the country that is actually achievable. 启示：本单元的引言出自被誉为“现代管理学之父”的彼得·德鲁克(1909－2005)。这句话传递了作者对人类创造力的肯定和期待：预测未来最好的方式就是创造未来。强调人类不仅需要展望未来，更重要的是创造未来。 名言名句积累 人与社会：科学与技术 1．Leading the era of science and technology, advancing with The Times. 科技引领时代，与时俱进。 2．The development of high-tech is both a blessing and a curse. 高科技的发展是一柄双刃剑。 3．Scientific fantasy is ultimately the bold creation of science and technology. 科学的幻想归根结底是科学和技术的大胆创造。 4．We should be glad that the future will completely belong to us! 我们应该感到高兴，未来必将完全属于我们！ 5．In a world of science and technology progress fast, we must keep learning. 在这个科技进步飞快的世界里，我们必须不断地学习。 6．Compared with ordinary household, smart home not only has the traditional residential function, but also provides a full range of information interaction function. 与普通家居相比，智能家居不仅具有传统的居住功能，还提供了全方位的信息交互功能。 时文拓展阅读 US States to Train Workers on AI in Workplace Artificial intelligence (AI) tools continue to expand in the workplace. And some U.S. states have launched specialized programs to train workers on how to deal with the new technologies. Many industries are expected to heavily depend on a series of tools known as generative AI. This technology includes systems designed to perform many jobs currently done by humans. Such systems have become increasingly smarter in recent years. In Connecticut, officials have been working to create what they hope will be the country's first Citizens AI Academy. This will be a free, online collection of special classes designed to teach basic AI skills and provide certifications needed for employment. In this undated photo, Richie Hull, a lead instructor at the Connecticut-based group CfAL for Digital Inclusion, teaches participates how to take a computer apart and put it back together again. (Rose Servetnick/CfAL for Digital Inclusion via AP) Connecticut Democratic Senator James Maroney told the Associated Press that AI changes in the workplace are happening very quickly. "So we need to all learn what are the best sources for staying current," he said. "How can we update our skills? Who can be trusted sources?" Gregory LaBlanc is a professor of Finance, Strategy and Law at the Haas School of Business at Berkeley Law School in California. He says workers should be taught how to use and manage generative AI. LaBlanc said he thinks it makes more sense to center on teaching ways to support AI "as opposed to learning to be really bad imitators of AI." He added that employees should be trained in areas where AI does not perform well so that workers can make up the difference. This year, at least four states proposed legislation that sought ways to deal with AI in the classroom. Those states included Connecticut, California, Mississippi and Maryland. One bill in California would require a state working group to consider including AI literacy skills in math, science, history and social science studies. The writer of the bill is California Assemblyman Marc Berman. He said in a statement that AI offers the possibility to improve parts of our lives. "But only if we know how to use it, and use it responsibly," he added. Berman noted that all students should be taught about basic AI elements and systems. He said students should also learn "the skills to recognize when AI is employed..." In Connecticut, Senator Maroney said his state's planned AI Academy will also aim to provide studies on AI basics. He noted the importance for people to have the skills to understand, examine and effectively interact with a range of AI technologies. A study released by the job-search company Indeed found that all U.S. jobs listed on the service had skills that could be performed or improved by generative AI tools. Nearly 20 percent of the Indeed job listings were considered "highly exposed." This means the technology is considered good or excellent at 80 percent of the skills the jobs require. Nearly 46 percent of jobs on the service were "moderately exposed." This means that AI tools can perform 50 to 80 percent of the skills. Maroney said he is concerned that AI will worsen existing equity problems related to a lack of high-speed internet, computers and smart phones in some underserved communities. Inequities have been identified between more digitally literate people, often living in cities, and those living in more rural areas without dependable internet and modern devices. Marvin Venay shares that concern. He is with the Massachusetts-based group Bring Tech Home Advocates. The group has been working for years to narrow differences in computer literacy and high-speed internet availability. Venay said, "Education must be included in order for this to really take off publicly...in a manner which is going to give people the ability to eliminate their barriers."Venay added, "And it has to be able to explain to the most common individual why it is not only a useful tool, but why this tool will be something that can be trusted." 【译文欣赏】 美国各州将在工作场所对工人进行人工智能培训 人工智能（AI）工具在工作场所继续扩展。美国一些州已经启动了专门的计划，培训工人如何应对新技术。 预计许多行业将严重依赖一系列被称为生成式人工智能的工具。这项技术包括旨在执行目前由人类完成的许多工作的系统。近年来，此类系统变得越来越智能。 在康涅狄格州，官员们一直在努力创建他们希望成为该国第一个公民人工智能学院。这将是一个免费的在线特殊课程集合，旨在教授基本的人工智能技能，并提供就业所需的认证。 在这张未注明日期的照片中，康涅狄格州数字包容组织CfAL的首席讲师里奇·赫尔正在教参与者如何拆分和重新组装电脑。（罗斯·塞维特尼克/CfAL通过美联社报道数字包容性） 康涅狄格州民主党参议员詹姆斯·马罗尼告诉美联社，工作场所的人工智能变化正在迅速发生。他说：“因此，我们需要了解哪些是保持信息灵通的最佳资源。”。“我们如何更新我们的技能？谁是可以信任的资源？” 格雷戈里·拉布兰克是加州伯克利法学院哈斯商学院金融、战略和法律教授。他说，应该教工人如何使用和管理生成型人工智能。 拉布朗表示，他认为集中精力教授支持人工智能的方法更有意义，“而不是学习成为人工智能的糟糕模仿者。”他补充说，员工应该在人工智能表现不佳的领域接受培训，以便员工能够弥补差距。 今年，至少有四个州提出了立法，寻求在课堂上处理人工智能的方法。这些州包括康涅狄格州、加利福尼亚州、密西西比州和马里兰州。 加利福尼亚州的一项法案要求州工作组考虑将人工智能素养技能纳入数学、科学、历史和社会科学研究中。 该法案的作者是加州议员马克·伯曼。他在一份声明中说，人工智能提供了改善我们生活部分的可能性。“但前提是我们知道如何使用它，并且负责任地使用它，”他补充道。 伯曼指出，所有学生都应该学习人工智能的基本要素和系统。他说，学生还应该学习“识别人工智能何时被使用的技能……” 在康涅狄格州，参议员马罗尼表示，该州计划建立的人工智能学院也将致力于提供人工智能基础研究。他指出，人们必须具备理解、检查和有效互动各种人工智能技术的技能。 求职公司Indeed发布的一项研究发现，该服务上列出的所有美国工作都具备可以通过生成式人工智能工具执行或改进的技能。 近20%的Indeed招聘职位被认为“高度暴露”。这意味着在80%的工作技能中，这项技术被认为是良好或优秀的。该服务中近46%的工作“适度暴露”。这意味着人工智能工具可以执行50%到80%的技能。 马罗尼表示，他担心人工智能会加剧一些服务不足的社区因缺乏高速互联网、电脑和智能手机而导致的现有公平问题。人们已经发现，在通常生活在城市、数字素养较高的人与生活在农村地区、没有可靠互联网和现代设备的人之间存在不平等。 马文·维奈也表达了同样的担忧。他所在的团体是位于马萨诸塞州的“把科技带回家倡导者”组织。多年来，该组织一直致力于缩小计算机素养和高速互联网可用性方面的差异。 维奈说：“为了使教育真正在公众中普及，必须将教育纳入其中……以一种能够消除人们障碍的方式。”维奈补充说：“它必须能够向最普通的个人解释为什么它不仅是一个有用的工具，而且为什么这个工具是值得信赖的。” 【词汇积累】 ( 6 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 Words in This Story certification – n. the process of earning an official document that serves as proof of certain skills 资质证书；证明 update – v. to add new information to something更新 imitate – v. to behave in a similar way to someone or something else模仿；效仿 literacy – n. knowledge of a particular subject专业能力 expose – v. to put someone at risk from something harmful or unpleasant暴露 eliminate – v. to remove or take something away 根除 ， 【知识拓展】 美国人工智能峰会，讨论了人工智能产业的发展前景，共议能够使美国民众受益的，确保美国在人工智能时代全球领先地位的相关政策。其中包括大力支持国家人工智能研发生态系统；充分利用人工智能的优势发展美国的劳动力市场：消除美国人工智能创新进程中的障碍；使人工智能能够在特定行业的应用中发挥显著的影响力；实现军事战略优势；利用人工智能改善行政效率等。 【词汇延伸】 Artificial intelligence人工智能人工智能技术人工智慧人工智力人工知能 deal with处理，应付；涉及；讨论与…打交道；论述；克制与…做买卖和…有生意往来冷静面对； 综合实战演练 （一） （2024·全国·高考Ι卷D 篇）Given the astonishing potential of AI to transform our lives, we all need to take action to deal with our AI-powered future, and this is where AI by Design: A Plan for Living with Artificial Intelligence comes in. This absorbing new book by Catriona Campbell is a practical roadmap addressing the challenges posed by the forthcoming AI revolution (变革). In the wrong hands, such a book could prove as complicated to process as the computer code (代码) that powers AI but, thankfully, Campbell has more than two decades’ professional experience translating the heady into the understandable. She writes from the practical angle of a business person rather than as an academic, making for a guide which is highly accessible and informative and which, by the close, will make you feel almost as smart as AI. As we soon come to learn from AI by Design, AI is already super-smart and will become more capable, moving from the current generation of “narrow-AI” to Artificial General Intelligence. From there, Campbell says, will come Artificial Dominant Intelligence. This is why Campbell has set out to raise awareness of AI and its future now — several decades before these developments are expected to take place. She says it is essential that we keep control of artificial intelligence, or risk being sidelined and perhaps even worse. Campbell’s point is to wake up those responsible for AI—the technology companies and world leaders—so they are on the same page as all the experts currently developing it. She explains we are at a “tipping point” in history and must act now to prevent an extinction-level event for humanity. We need to consider how we want our future with AI to pan out. Such structured thinking, followed by global regulation, will enable us to achieve greatness rather than our downfall. AI will affect us all, and if you only read one book on the subject, this is it. 1．What does the phrase “In the wrong hands” in paragraph 2 probably mean? A．If read by someone poorly educated. B．If reviewed by someone ill-intentioned. C．If written by someone less competent. D．If translated by someone unacademic. 2．What is a feature of AI by Design according to the text? A．It is packed with complex codes. B．It adopts a down-to-earth writing style. C．It provides step-by-step instructions. D．It is intended for AI professionals. 3．What does Campbell urge people to do regarding AI development? A．Observe existing regulations on it. B．Reconsider expert opinions about it. C．Make joint efforts to keep it under control. D．Learn from prior experience to slow it down. 4．What is the author’s purpose in writing the text? A．To recommend a book on AI. B．To give a brief account of AI history. C．To clarify the definition of AI. D．To honor an outstanding AI expert. ( 设问方式： •The underlined word “ … ” refers to/ (probably) means     . •“…” as used in the passage can best be defined as… •What do you think the expression “…” stands for? •What  does the underlined word “…” refer to in the last paragraph? •Which of the following words can take the place of the word “ … ”? •The underlined word “…” could best be replaced by… •Which of the following has the closest meaning to the word “ … ”? •What does the author mean by “…” in paragraph 2? ) ( She writes from the practical angle of a business person rather than as an academic, making for a guide which is highly accessible and informative and which, by the close, will make you feel almost as smart as AI. 句子主干是：She writes from the practical angle of a business person rather than as an academic； making for ... as AI 是非谓语短语作伴随状语，其中嵌入两个 which 引导的定语从句，都修饰先行词 guide。 翻译 为：她从商业人士（而非学者）的实用角度出发，使得这本指南通俗易懂、内容丰富，读完之后，你会觉得自己几乎和人工智能一样聪明。 ) ( 1 . this absorbing new book  2 . a practical roadmap addressing the challenges posed by the forthcoming AI revolution  3 . in the wrong hands  4. prove as complicated to process  5 . translate the heady into the understandable  6 . from the practical angle  7 . be highly accessible and informative  8 . by the close  到结束时 9 . set out to raise awareness of AI  10 . risk being sidelined  11 . wake up those responsible for AI-the technology companies 12 . on the same page  13 . be at a “tipping point” 14 . prevent an extinction-level event for humanity 15 . consider how we want our future with AI to pan out  16 . ill-intentioned  17 . be packed with complex codes  18 . a down-to-earth writing style  19 . make joint efforts  20 . learn from prior experience  21 . give a brief account  22 . clarify  23 . honor an outstanding AI expert  24. urge sb to do sth 25. Make joint efforts to do sth 26. keep sth under control ) 全文翻译 人工智能拥有改变我们生活的惊人潜力，因此我们都需要采取行动来应对人工智能驱动的未来。《人工智能设计：与人工智能共存的计划》这本书恰逢其时，为我们指明了方向。这本引人入胜的新书由卡特里奥娜·坎贝尔撰写，为我们提供了一份实用的路线图，旨在应对即将到来的 AI 革命所带来的挑战。 如果对人工智能缺乏了解，那么这本书读起来可能就像理解复杂的计算机代码一样困难。幸运的是，坎贝尔拥有超过二十年的专业经验，能够将复杂的概念转化为通俗易懂的语言。她从商人的实用视角而非学术角度出发进行写作，这使得这本书非常易读且信息丰富。读完之后，你会觉得自己对人工智能的理解已经今非昔比。 正如我们很快从《人工智能设计》中了解到的，人工智能已经非常聪明，而且会变得更加强大，从目前的“狭义人工智能”发展到通用人工智能。坎贝尔认为，在此基础上，最终会出现超级人工智能。这就是为什么坎贝尔现在就着手提高人们对人工智能及其未来的认识——远早于这些发展预计发生的几十年之前。她认为，我们必须控制人工智能，否则我们可能会被边缘化，甚至面临更糟糕的命运。 坎贝尔希望唤醒那些掌握着人工智能力量的人——科技公司和世界领导人——让他们与目前所有开发人工智能的专家达成共识。她解释说，我们正处于历史的“转折点”，现在必须采取行动，防止人类走向灭绝。我们需要认真思考，希望人工智能将我们带向怎样的未来。这种结构化的思考，再加上全球范围内的监管，将使我们能够借助人工智能的力量创造辉煌，而不是走向毁灭。 人工智能将影响我们所有人。如果你只想读一本关于人工智能的书，那就读这本吧。 （二） （2024·全国·统考模拟预测）Recently, as a journalist, I have published many stories about social media, privacy and artificial intelligence (AI), among other things. So when ChatGPT told me that my output may have influenced its responses to other people’s prompts (提示), I rushed to wipe my data from its memory. As I quickly discovered, however, there is no delete button. AI-powered chatbots never forget what they have learned, because they are trained on data sets including vast numbers of websites and online articles. As long as they exist on the Internet, they get to be remembered. That means the likes of ChatGPT are possible to let out sensitive personal information, if it has appeared online, and that the companies behind these AIs will struggle to make good on “right-to-be-forgotten” regulations, which force organizations to remove personal data on request. It also means we are powerless to stop hackers (黑客) controlling AI outputs by planting misinformation or ill instructions in training data. All of these explain why many computer scientists are busy to teach AIs to forget. While they are finding that it is extremely difficult, “machine unlearning” solutions are beginning to appear. And the work could prove vital beyond addressing concerns over privacy and misinformation. The new generation of AI-powered chatbots like ChatGPT, which produce text in response to our prompts, are underpinned by large language models. These are trained on mountains of data, most of which is scraped from the Internet. From this, they learn to spot statistical patterns, which means they can predict the likeliest next word in a sentence, producing fluent answers to our every question. The trouble is that the way AI chatbots work means that when they learn something, it can’t be unlearned. This creates a significant problem when it comes to privacy, as Dr. Zhang made clear in recent research. He highlighted how difficult it will be for AI companies to obey the “right to be forgotten”, which the European Union declared a human right back in 2014. 5．Why can chatbots store what it has learned forever? A．Lack of a delete button. B．Manual code entry. C．Strong review ability. D．The way they are trained. 6．Why do scientists try to teach AI to forget? A．Because AI has many security risks. B．Because AI stores limited information. C．Because AI needs to be updated regularly. D．Because AI imitates humans completely. 7．According to Paragraph 3, what can we learn about chatbots? A．Chatbots can answer 90% of the questions. B．Chatbots’ data comes from the designer’s software. C．Chatbots produce the answers based on the prompts. D．Chatbots can predict your problems in advance. 8．What does the underlined word “underpinned” in Paragraph 3 mean? A．Controlled. B．Adjusted. C．Boosted. D．Supported. （三） （2023下·高一校考单元测试）Never play games with a bot (robot) — it will find a way to cheat if it can. A team from OpenAI, an artificial intelligence lab in San Francisco, has developed artificially intelligent bots that taught themselves to cooperate by playing hide-and-seek. The bots also learned how to use basic tools to help themselves win. Bowen Baker at OpenAI and his colleagues wanted to see if the team-based dynamics of the OpenAI Five could be used to produce skills that could one day be useful to humans. The researchers set their bots loose in a simulated (模拟的) environment filled with fixed walls, movable boxes and ladders, and left them to play team games of hide-and-seek. The bots each had their own view of the world and couldn’t communicate with each other directly. At first, the hiders simply ran away. But they soon worked out that the quickest way to stop the seekers was to find objects in the environment to hide themselves from view. The seekers learned that they could move boxes around and use them to climb over walls. The bots then discovered that being a team-player — passing objects to each other or cooperating on a hide-and-seek — was the quickest way to win. But the real surprise came when the bots started making use of problems or faults. Seekers found that if they pushed a ladder towards a wall, they could launch themselves into the air and spot hiders from above. Hiders found that they could get rid of the ladders by pushing them aside. “It shows that AI is able to find solutions that humans miss,” says Baker. “Maybe it’ll even be able to solve problems that humans don’t yet know how to.” However, it is a large leap (飞跃) from virtual hide-and-seek to real problem-solving. “The main limitation is that it is in simulation,” says Chelsea Finn at Stanford University. 9．Why did Bowen and his colleagues conduct the research ? A．To teach bots to play games. B．To see the potential of bots. C．To find if bots may cheat like humans. D．To train bots to use basic tools. 10．What’s the third paragraph mainly about ? A．The design of the research. B．The tools of the research. C．The competitors of the game. D．The environment of the game. 11．What does the underlined word “It” in the last paragraph refer to? A．Passing objects. B．Moving boxes around. C．Hiding themselves from view. D．Making use of problems or faults. 12．What does Chelsea think of the finding of the research? A．It can bridge the gap between AI and the real world. B．It will not be influenced by the real world. C．It may not be realized in the real world. D．It will definitely help the real problem-solving. （四） （2024·福建漳州·统考二模）In the Pixar movie Up, a fun cartoon dog called Dug wears a magical collar which can detect and translate his barks and cries into fluent human speech. Humans have always been fascinated by the potential to communicate with the animals. This week, an article in the New York Times documented major efforts from a group of researchers using machine-learning algorithms (算法) to analyze the different calls of whales, chickens, bats, cats, and more. There are several ways to train AI systems now. Typically, Al systems learn through training with labeled data of human language which can be well supplied by the Internet. But analyzing animal language is different. Scientists have to instruct software programs on what to look for, and how to organize the data. This process requires matching gained vocal (发声的) recordings with the visual social behaviors of animals. A group studying Egyptian fruit bats, for example, also used video cameras to record the bats themselves to provide context for the calls. Many critics of this approach point out two weaknesses of current AI language models: being unable to truly understand the relationships between words and the objects in the real world, and scientists’ little understanding of animal societies. Al language models for humans rely on a computer mapping out the relationship between words and the contexts they could appear in. But these models have their own weak points, and can sometimes be a black box—researchers know what goes in and comes out, but don’t quite understand how the algorithm is arriving at the conclusion. Another factor that researchers should take into account is that animal communications might not work at all like human communications. There might be unique elements to animal language due to physiological and behavioral differences. Making a Translator for animals has been a popular project that’s been in the works for the last decade. Although some software has shown some success in identifying the basic vocabulary of certain animals, it’s still a far cry from understanding the complex animal languages. 13．Why do researchers use Al to analyze animals’ calls? A．To tell the differences among animals. B．To test Al’s ability of translating animal language. C．To understand animal language better. D．To explore the fun of communicating with animals. 14．What makes analyzing animal language different? A．The lack of labeled data for training Al systems. B．The difficulty in relating human speech to real objects. C．The need for sound recordings to provide context. D．The matching of vocal recordings with their calls. 15．What does the underlined term “black box” refer to in Paragraph 3? A．Al language models to study animal communication. B．The researchers’ study on animal societies. C．The relationship between words and context. D．The method of Al algorithms to draw conclusions. 16．What is the text mainly about? A．Al systems for animal language translation. B．Limitations of current Al language models. C．Unique aspects of detecting animal language. D．Challenges in creating a translator for animals. （五） （2023·江苏泰州·统考模拟预测）An open letter, attracting signatures from the likes of Tesla CEO Elon Musk and Apple co-founder Steve Wozniak, was released early last week. It advocates a 6-month stop to give Artificial Intelligence (AI) companies and regulators time to make safeguards to protect society from potential risks of the technology. AI has progressed at an alarming speed since the launch of ChatGPT, from the Microsoft-backed company Open AI. ChatGPT reportedly reached more than 100 million users by January, 2023, and major tech companies are racing to build generative AI into their products, which have caught many off guard. “I think many people aren’t well prepared for the pace and scale of these AI models. They are ideal for spreading misinformation, cheating people out of their money and convincing employees to click on dangerous links in emails,” says Michael Osborne, a machine learning researcher of AI company Mind Foundry, who signed the letter. “I feel that a 6-month pause would give regulators enough time to catch up with the rapid pace of advances.” Privacy is another emerging concern, as critics worry that systems could exactly reproduce personal information from their training sets. Italy’s data protection authority prohibited ChatGPT on 31 March over concerns that Italians’ personal data are being used to train Open AI’s models. Some technologists warn of deeper security threats. Planned ChatGPT-based digital assistants that can read and write emails could offer new opportunities for hackers. Unfortunately, many problems of today’s AI models don’t have easy solutions. One tricky issue is how to make AI-generated content easy to detect. Some researchers are working on “watermarking” — creating a digital signature in the AI’s output. However, a recent research finds that tools which slightly change AI-produced text can easily defeat this approach. Microsoft co-founder Bill Gates tells Reuters the proposed pause won’t “solve the challenges” ahead. He notes the people behind the letter are heavily involved in the tech world, which he thinks gives them an arrow perspective on the potential risks. 17．What’s the purpose of the open letter? A．To draw the attention of AI giants. B．To present the risks of AI technology. C．To call for a pause on the AI development. D．To turn down the application of AI programs. 18．What can we infer about AI from the text? A．AI models threaten human survival. B．AI users have expanded out of control. C．AI development brings potential dangers. D．AI technology will replace human beings. 19．What does the author aim to show by mentioning “watermarking” in Paragraph 5? A．It is hard to sign digitally. B．It is easy to detect AI’s output. C．It is wise to leave a water mark. D．It is tough to settle AI problems. 20．What’s Bill Gates’ attitude towards the 6-month pause? A．Favorable. B．Negative. C．Ambiguous. D．Tolerant. （六） （23-24高二下·天津和平·期末）Many people are told that certain activities are out of the question for them, but a new invention proves that where there is a will, there is a way. Dr. Zacharias Vamvakousis has come up with a creative way to improve the quality of life for countless people through the power of music. His invention is called EyeHarp, which enables individuals to make music using their gaze (注视) instead of their hands. “EyeHarp is the first musical application that allows people with disabilities to play music with eyes or head movements,” Zacharias explains. “Using an eye tracker, you can make melodies by looking at the notes on the screen.” EyeHarp uses the same type of digital eye-tracking technology used in some computer games. But instead of using it to aim weapons at digital opponents, EyeHarp uses it to track your eyes as they stay on different musical notes on a colorful circle on your computer screen. The application allows you to play three to four notes every second. However, users have to be careful not to move their eyes too quickly from one musical note to the next. So, much like any other instrument, playing a tune takes practice and concentration. Zacharias was inspired to create the magical application after a musician friend was badly hurt in a motorcycle accident. His friend was worried he’d never be able to play his guitar again, so Zacharias decided to find a new way to make music available to him. While his friend didn’t end up needing EyeHarp, Zacharias was on a mission to help others who thought music was forever lost to them. These are people who are so disabled that they don’t have the opportunity to do many things and learning music through EyeHarp gives them happiness, the purpose and the opportunity to play music. Zacharias agreed, saying that music builds social connections and raises self-esteem. He’s currently training music teachers to use EyeHarp so they can reach even more people with disabilities. This invention has the potential for changing so many lives. Hundreds of people with disabilities have used EyeHarp. “There wasn’t any instrument they could play. But now, they’re able to make their own music,” says Zacharias. “I hope it will light up the lives of more people like them.” 21．What is EyeHarp? A．A musical instrument played with disabled minds. B．A device that helps people play music with their eyes. C．A musical game using eye-tracking technology. D．A medical tool for improving ones’eyesight. 22．For what reason did Zacharias create the appliance? A．His love for music and technology. B．A need for a new form of musical therapy. C．A desire to help his musician friend. D．A sympathy towards people with disabilities. 23．How does EyeHarp work according to the passage? A．By tracking the movement of players’ hands. B．By detecting the sound of a music note. C．By following the stay of the gaze on the screen. D．By recognizing the face of a disabled user. 24．What can we infer about EyeHarp from the passage? A．It is very difficult to play. B．It can be used by anyone easily. C．It has limited musical notes. D．It brings hope to many disabled people. （七） （2024·江西鹰潭·二模）How Using A Mood Tracker App Could Help Your Mental Health You track your nutrition and your workouts, but why wouldn’t you track your mood? 25 They can be used by everyone, from those dealing with mental health conditions such as depression or mood anxiety to those who just want to keep an eye on their stress levels. 26 . Many of them allow you to record factors that may be affecting your mental health, such as sleep, nutrition, and exercise. You can also see how changes are affecting your mental health. Mood trackers can also keep you honest about your self-reporting bias. How Does a Mood Tracker App Work? Firstly, research shows that mood tracker apps can help people better identify their moods and in turn, understand them. Awareness of one’s mood has been linked to better mental health outcome. 27 By recording the data that someone can refer back to during an appointment, apps can also help people feel more empowered rather than be a passive consumer. Who Should Use Them? Generally speaking, a mood tracker app can be helpful to most people. 28 Research shows at the mood tracker apps that are the most helpful in reducing symptoms are the ones that provide education on things like cognitive behavioral therapy techniques and tools, rather than ones that only record symptoms. Mood tracker apps are one of the most popular categories or smartphones app stores, so you have no lack of choices with a simple search for mood tracker. 29 A．Why Use a Mood Tracker App? B．Mood tracker apps are gaining in popularity. C．And those who are dealing with mood disorders will benefit most from it. D．Research on apps using predictive technology is incredibly encouraging. E．Mood tracker apps are often more than just a place to record your emotions. F．Additionally, apps can help people better communicate with mental health professionals. G．If you don’t have as art phone or don’t want to download an app, there are web-based trackers to consult. （八） 完形填空 （23-24高二上·浙江·单元测试）Do you get to play with any neat toys at school? As more and more schools take advantage of new 30 to make learning easier, you may get the chance to 31 personal computers, laptops or maybe even smartphones in the classroom. 32 were not always as well-equipped as they can be today, though. Before students had pencils and paper, they often used slates (石板), which were 33 , hand-held blackboards that they could write on with chalk. In fact, the classroom chalkboard didn’t 34 until the late 1800s. It must have been 35 for teachers to be able to write on a large surface that the entire class could see at the same time. While chalkboards 36 seem like a thing of the past today, they were cutting-edge(最尖端的) technology at one time! Over the years as new technologies 37 , new items were slowly added to classrooms as 38 figured out how they could be used to 39 the learning experience. Copying machines revolutionised classrooms 40 they came along in the mid-1900s. Being able to 41 students copies of lessons for homework and studying expanded the classroom 42 its walls and the usual school day. The use of audio tapes and headphones in the classroom made foreign languages 43 . They also helped students with vision or reading 44 , since they could now listen to lessons rather than 45 them. There are hundreds of other 46 of educational technology over the years. In the past couple of decades, though, schools have 47 a great increase in the use of cutting-edge, modern technology in the classroom. With the invention of the personal computer, education got a great 48 . When you factor in(把……考虑在内) the Internet, modern education looks 49 than it did when your parents were in school. 30．A．technology B．discovery C．thought D．design 31．A．buy B．borrow C．repair D．use 32．A．Cinemas B．Clubs C．Classrooms D．Theatres 33．A．heavy B．small C．valuable D．cheap 34．A．give up B．work on C．turn back D．come out 35．A．difficult B．interesting C．nice D．lucky 36．A．certainly B．hardly C．finally D．suddenly 37．A．stopped B．arrived C．appeared D．developed 38．A．workers B．educators C．visitors D．doctors 39．A．improve B．enjoy C．accept D．suffer 40．A．before B．until C．when D．so 41．A．pass B．give C．lend D．introduce 42．A．between B．along C．through D．beyond 43．A．easier B．further C．slower D．longer 44．A．questions B．experiences C．problems D．contests 45．A．write B．speak C．read D．tell 46．A．experiments B．examples C．results D．inventions 47．A．seen B．lost C．avoided D．kept 48．A．increase B．measure C．movement D．improvement 49．A．similar B．different C．backward D．important （九） 书面表达 50．（24-25高二上·全国·课后作业）阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。 Jim was walking down a dimly lit street late in the evening, hoping to see his lovely children as soon as possible. As he was walking quietly, Jim heard muffled (沉闷的) screams coming from behind some bushes. Alarmed (惊慌的), Jim stopped to listen carefully. He realized that what he was hearing was the unmistakable (清楚明白的) sound of a struggle. Thinking of the danger, he became frightened. Only yards from where Jim stood, a girl was being attacked. Jim didn’t know what to do. Should he get involved in it? He was worried about his own safety. He was wondering whether he should just run to the nearest phone box and call the police or go to fight with the attacker (攻击者) to save the unknown girl. As he suffered from inward struggles, the girl’s cries were growing weaker. Jim knew he had to act fast. Yet he knew he couldn’t just walk away from this. He realized that he could not turn his back on the fate (命运) of this unknown girl, even if it meant risking his own life. Jim was not a brave man, nor was he athletic (健壮的). Even he himself didn’t quite know where he found the moral courage and physical strength. However, once he was determined to help the girl, he became strangely transformed (转变). He ran behind the bushes and pulled the attacker off the girl, who panicked very much. Seeing Jim prevent him, the attacker became crazy and began to fight with him. Jim became fearless and then fell to the ground, where they wrestled (摔跤) for a few minutes until the attacker jumped up and escaped. Jim felt very tired and he couldn’t catch the attacker. 注意:续写词数应为150个左右。 Watching the attacker run into the darkness, Jim thought of the girl. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ “Dad, is that you?” asked the girl in wonder and amazement as she walked from behind the bushes. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 思维素养提升 Task 1写作项目——Write an opinion essay 本单元的写作任务是写一篇阐述自己观点的议论文。议论文是一种剖析事物、论述事理、发表意见、提出主张的文体。议论文应该观点明确、论据充分、语言精练、论证合理，有严密的逻辑性。议论文的结构一般有引论、本论和结论三部分。引论用来提出论点，即开门见山地描述现象或表明立场；本论进一步论证阐述论点；结论用来表达自己的观点或提出解决问题的办法。可以利用列提纲思维导图来构思，请选择一篇你感兴趣的议论文阅读语篇，尝试用思维导图绘制出文章脉络吧！ Task 2 （23-24高二上·全国·课后作业）假设你是李华，最近你班就“使用手机的利与弊”进行了讨论，请根据讨论结果，写一封信向校报编辑反映此事。 赞成的理由 反对的理由 你的看法 联系他人便利; 获得更多的学习资源。 沉溺手机; 浏览不健康网站。 …… 注意：1.词数80左右; 2．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数; 3．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 Dear Editor， ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Your， Li Hua $$选择性必修第一册Unit 2 Looking into the Future（人教版2019） 人与社会：科学与技术 单元引言解读 The best way to predict the future is to create it. —Peter Drucker 释义：What each of us can do is set the goal of creating a better future for the country that is actually achievable. 启示：本单元的引言出自被誉为“现代管理学之父”的彼得·德鲁克(1909－2005)。这句话传递了作者对人类创造力的肯定和期待：预测未来最好的方式就是创造未来。强调人类不仅需要展望未来，更重要的是创造未来。 名言名句积累 人与社会：科学与技术 1．Leading the era of science and technology, advancing with The Times. 科技引领时代，与时俱进。 2．The development of high-tech is both a blessing and a curse. 高科技的发展是一柄双刃剑。 3．Scientific fantasy is ultimately the bold creation of science and technology. 科学的幻想归根结底是科学和技术的大胆创造。 4．We should be glad that the future will completely belong to us! 我们应该感到高兴，未来必将完全属于我们！ 5．In a world of science and technology progress fast, we must keep learning. 在这个科技进步飞快的世界里，我们必须不断地学习。 6．Compared with ordinary household, smart home not only has the traditional residential function, but also provides a full range of information interaction function. 与普通家居相比，智能家居不仅具有传统的居住功能，还提供了全方位的信息交互功能。 时文拓展阅读 US States to Train Workers on AI in Workplace Artificial intelligence (AI) tools continue to expand in the workplace. And some U.S. states have launched specialized programs to train workers on how to deal with the new technologies. Many industries are expected to heavily depend on a series of tools known as generative AI. This technology includes systems designed to perform many jobs currently done by humans. Such systems have become increasingly smarter in recent years. In Connecticut, officials have been working to create what they hope will be the country's first Citizens AI Academy. This will be a free, online collection of special classes designed to teach basic AI skills and provide certifications needed for employment. In this undated photo, Richie Hull, a lead instructor at the Connecticut-based group CfAL for Digital Inclusion, teaches participates how to take a computer apart and put it back together again. (Rose Servetnick/CfAL for Digital Inclusion via AP) Connecticut Democratic Senator James Maroney told the Associated Press that AI changes in the workplace are happening very quickly. "So we need to all learn what are the best sources for staying current," he said. "How can we update our skills? Who can be trusted sources?" Gregory LaBlanc is a professor of Finance, Strategy and Law at the Haas School of Business at Berkeley Law School in California. He says workers should be taught how to use and manage generative AI. LaBlanc said he thinks it makes more sense to center on teaching ways to support AI "as opposed to learning to be really bad imitators of AI." He added that employees should be trained in areas where AI does not perform well so that workers can make up the difference. This year, at least four states proposed legislation that sought ways to deal with AI in the classroom. Those states included Connecticut, California, Mississippi and Maryland. One bill in California would require a state working group to consider including AI literacy skills in math, science, history and social science studies. The writer of the bill is California Assemblyman Marc Berman. He said in a statement that AI offers the possibility to improve parts of our lives. "But only if we know how to use it, and use it responsibly," he added. Berman noted that all students should be taught about basic AI elements and systems. He said students should also learn "the skills to recognize when AI is employed..." In Connecticut, Senator Maroney said his state's planned AI Academy will also aim to provide studies on AI basics. He noted the importance for people to have the skills to understand, examine and effectively interact with a range of AI technologies. A study released by the job-search company Indeed found that all U.S. jobs listed on the service had skills that could be performed or improved by generative AI tools. Nearly 20 percent of the Indeed job listings were considered "highly exposed." This means the technology is considered good or excellent at 80 percent of the skills the jobs require. Nearly 46 percent of jobs on the service were "moderately exposed." This means that AI tools can perform 50 to 80 percent of the skills. Maroney said he is concerned that AI will worsen existing equity problems related to a lack of high-speed internet, computers and smart phones in some underserved communities. Inequities have been identified between more digitally literate people, often living in cities, and those living in more rural areas without dependable internet and modern devices. Marvin Venay shares that concern. He is with the Massachusetts-based group Bring Tech Home Advocates. The group has been working for years to narrow differences in computer literacy and high-speed internet availability. Venay said, "Education must be included in order for this to really take off publicly...in a manner which is going to give people the ability to eliminate their barriers."Venay added, "And it has to be able to explain to the most common individual why it is not only a useful tool, but why this tool will be something that can be trusted." 【译文欣赏】 美国各州将在工作场所对工人进行人工智能培训 人工智能（AI）工具在工作场所继续扩展。美国一些州已经启动了专门的计划，培训工人如何应对新技术。 预计许多行业将严重依赖一系列被称为生成式人工智能的工具。这项技术包括旨在执行目前由人类完成的许多工作的系统。近年来，此类系统变得越来越智能。 在康涅狄格州，官员们一直在努力创建他们希望成为该国第一个公民人工智能学院。这将是一个免费的在线特殊课程集合，旨在教授基本的人工智能技能，并提供就业所需的认证。 在这张未注明日期的照片中，康涅狄格州数字包容组织CfAL的首席讲师里奇·赫尔正在教参与者如何拆分和重新组装电脑。（罗斯·塞维特尼克/CfAL通过美联社报道数字包容性） 康涅狄格州民主党参议员詹姆斯·马罗尼告诉美联社，工作场所的人工智能变化正在迅速发生。他说：“因此，我们需要了解哪些是保持信息灵通的最佳资源。”。“我们如何更新我们的技能？谁是可以信任的资源？” 格雷戈里·拉布兰克是加州伯克利法学院哈斯商学院金融、战略和法律教授。他说，应该教工人如何使用和管理生成型人工智能。 拉布朗表示，他认为集中精力教授支持人工智能的方法更有意义，“而不是学习成为人工智能的糟糕模仿者。”他补充说，员工应该在人工智能表现不佳的领域接受培训，以便员工能够弥补差距。 今年，至少有四个州提出了立法，寻求在课堂上处理人工智能的方法。这些州包括康涅狄格州、加利福尼亚州、密西西比州和马里兰州。 加利福尼亚州的一项法案要求州工作组考虑将人工智能素养技能纳入数学、科学、历史和社会科学研究中。 该法案的作者是加州议员马克·伯曼。他在一份声明中说，人工智能提供了改善我们生活部分的可能性。“但前提是我们知道如何使用它，并且负责任地使用它，”他补充道。 伯曼指出，所有学生都应该学习人工智能的基本要素和系统。他说，学生还应该学习“识别人工智能何时被使用的技能……” 在康涅狄格州，参议员马罗尼表示，该州计划建立的人工智能学院也将致力于提供人工智能基础研究。他指出，人们必须具备理解、检查和有效互动各种人工智能技术的技能。 求职公司Indeed发布的一项研究发现，该服务上列出的所有美国工作都具备可以通过生成式人工智能工具执行或改进的技能。 近20%的Indeed招聘职位被认为“高度暴露”。这意味着在80%的工作技能中，这项技术被认为是良好或优秀的。该服务中近46%的工作“适度暴露”。这意味着人工智能工具可以执行50%到80%的技能。 马罗尼表示，他担心人工智能会加剧一些服务不足的社区因缺乏高速互联网、电脑和智能手机而导致的现有公平问题。人们已经发现，在通常生活在城市、数字素养较高的人与生活在农村地区、没有可靠互联网和现代设备的人之间存在不平等。 马文·维奈也表达了同样的担忧。他所在的团体是位于马萨诸塞州的“把科技带回家倡导者”组织。多年来，该组织一直致力于缩小计算机素养和高速互联网可用性方面的差异。 维奈说：“为了使教育真正在公众中普及，必须将教育纳入其中……以一种能够消除人们障碍的方式。”维奈补充说：“它必须能够向最普通的个人解释为什么它不仅是一个有用的工具，而且为什么这个工具是值得信赖的。” 【词汇积累】 ( 6 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 Words in This Story certification – n. the process of earning an official document that serves as proof of certain skills 资质证书；证明 update – v. to add new information to something更新 imitate – v. to behave in a similar way to someone or something else模仿；效仿 literacy – n. knowledge of a particular subject专业能力 expose – v. to put someone at risk from something harmful or unpleasant暴露 eliminate – v. to remove or take something away 根除 ， 【知识拓展】 美国人工智能峰会，讨论了人工智能产业的发展前景，共议能够使美国民众受益的，确保美国在人工智能时代全球领先地位的相关政策。其中包括大力支持国家人工智能研发生态系统；充分利用人工智能的优势发展美国的劳动力市场：消除美国人工智能创新进程中的障碍；使人工智能能够在特定行业的应用中发挥显著的影响力；实现军事战略优势；利用人工智能改善行政效率等。 【词汇延伸】 Artificial intelligence人工智能人工智能技术人工智慧人工智力人工知能 deal with处理，应付；涉及；讨论与…打交道；论述；克制与…做买卖和…有生意往来冷静面对； 综合实战演练 （一） （2024·全国·高考Ι卷D 篇）Given the astonishing potential of AI to transform our lives, we all need to take action to deal with our AI-powered future, and this is where AI by Design: A Plan for Living with Artificial Intelligence comes in. This absorbing new book by Catriona Campbell is a practical roadmap addressing the challenges posed by the forthcoming AI revolution (变革). In the wrong hands, such a book could prove as complicated to process as the computer code (代码) that powers AI but, thankfully, Campbell has more than two decades’ professional experience translating the heady into the understandable. She writes from the practical angle of a business person rather than as an academic, making for a guide which is highly accessible and informative and which, by the close, will make you feel almost as smart as AI. As we soon come to learn from AI by Design, AI is already super-smart and will become more capable, moving from the current generation of “narrow-AI” to Artificial General Intelligence. From there, Campbell says, will come Artificial Dominant Intelligence. This is why Campbell has set out to raise awareness of AI and its future now — several decades before these developments are expected to take place. She says it is essential that we keep control of artificial intelligence, or risk being sidelined and perhaps even worse. Campbell’s point is to wake up those responsible for AI—the technology companies and world leaders—so they are on the same page as all the experts currently developing it. She explains we are at a “tipping point” in history and must act now to prevent an extinction-level event for humanity. We need to consider how we want our future with AI to pan out. Such structured thinking, followed by global regulation, will enable us to achieve greatness rather than our downfall. AI will affect us all, and if you only read one book on the subject, this is it. 1．What does the phrase “In the wrong hands” in paragraph 2 probably mean? A．If read by someone poorly educated. B．If reviewed by someone ill-intentioned. C．If written by someone less competent. D．If translated by someone unacademic. 2．What is a feature of AI by Design according to the text? A．It is packed with complex codes. B．It adopts a down-to-earth writing style. C．It provides step-by-step instructions. D．It is intended for AI professionals. 3．What does Campbell urge people to do regarding AI development? A．Observe existing regulations on it. B．Reconsider expert opinions about it. C．Make joint efforts to keep it under control. D．Learn from prior experience to slow it down. 4．What is the author’s purpose in writing the text? A．To recommend a book on AI. B．To give a brief account of AI history. C．To clarify the definition of AI. D．To honor an outstanding AI expert. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．C 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了Catriona Campbell所著AI by Design: A Plan for Living with Artificial Intelligence一书。该书作为应对AI革命挑战的实用指南，以商业视角阐述AI发展现状与前景，强调控制AI的重要性，呼吁各界协同确保人工智能安全发展，以防潜在危机。 1．词句猜测题。根据文章第二段“such a book could prove as complicated to process as the computer code (代码) that powers AI but, thankfully, Campbell has more than two decades' professional experience translating the heady into the understandable. She writes from the practical angle of a business person rather than as an academic, making for a guide which is highly accessible and informative and which, by the close, will make you feel almost as smart as AI. (这样一本书可能会像驱动人工智能的计算机代码一样复杂，但值得庆幸的是，坎贝尔有20多年的专业经验，可以将令人兴奋的内容转化为可理解的内容。她从商业人士的实际角度而不是学者的角度出发，撰写了一本非常通俗易懂、内容丰富的指南，读完后会让你觉得自己几乎和人工智能一样聪明)”可知，坎贝尔撰写的这本书是通俗易懂的，如果别人写这本书的话可能就不是这样了，推测划线短语表示 “如果是由能力较差的人写的”。故选C项。 2．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“thankfully, Campbell has more than two decades’ professional experience translating the heady into the understandable. She writes from the practical angle of a business person rather than as an academic, making for a guide which is highly accessible and informative and which, by the close, will make you feel almost as smart as AI.(值得庆幸的是，坎贝尔有20多年的专业经验，可以将令人兴奋的内容转化为可理解的内容。她从商业人士的实际角度而不是学者的角度出发，撰写了一本非常通俗易懂、内容丰富的指南，读完后会让你觉得自己几乎和人工智能一样聪明)”可知，坎贝尔在书中将令人兴奋的内容转化为可理解的内容，这本书的特点是通俗易懂，推测它采用了接地气的写作风格。故选B项。 3．细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段“She says it is essential that we keep control of artificial intelligence, or risk being sidelined and perhaps even worse. (她说，我们必须保持对人工智能的控制，否则就有被边缘化甚至更糟的风险)”和文章最后一段“We need to consider how we want our future with AI to pan out. Such structured thinking, followed by global regulation, will enable us to achieve greatness rather than our downfall. (我们需要考虑我们希望人工智能的未来如何发展。这种结构化的思维，加上全球监管，将使我们走向伟大，而不是走向衰败)”可知，坎贝尔敦促人们保持对人工智能的控制，考虑人工智能的未来应如何发展，所以关于人工智能的发展，坎贝尔敦促人们共同努力将其控制住。故选C项。 4．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Given the astonishing potential of AI to transform our lives, we all need to take action to deal with our AI-powered future, and this is where AI by Design: A Plan for Living with Artificial Intelligence comes in. This absorbing new book by Catriona Campbell is a practical roadmap addressing the challenges posed by the forthcoming AI revolution (变革). (考虑到人工智能改变我们生活的惊人潜力，我们都需要采取行动来应对人工智能驱动的未来，这正是AI by Design: A Plan for Living with Artificial Intelligence的用武之地。卡特里奥娜·坎贝尔撰写的这本引人入胜的新书是一本实用的路线图，旨在应对即将到来的人工智能革命带来的挑战)”和文章最后一段“AI will affect us all, and if you only read one book on the subject, this is it. (人工智能将影响我们所有人，如果你只读一本关于这个主题的书，那就是这本书)”可知，本文主要介绍了Catriona Campbell所著AI by Design: A Plan for Living with Artificial Intelligence一书，该书作为应对AI革命挑战的实用指南，以商业视角阐述AI发展现状与前景，强调控制AI的重要性，呼吁各界协同确保人工智能安全发展，以防潜在危机，所以作者写这篇文章的目的是推荐一本关于人工智能的书。故选A项。 ( 设问方式： •The underlined word “ … ” refers to/ (probably) means     . •“…” as used in the passage can best be defined as… •What do you think the expression “…” stands for? •What  does the underlined word “…” refer to in the last paragraph? •Which of the following words can take the place of the word “ … ”? •The underlined word “…” could best be replaced by… •Which of the following has the closest meaning to the word “ … ”? •What does the author mean by “…” in paragraph 2? ) ( She writes from the practical angle of a business person rather than as an academic, making for a guide which is highly accessible and informative and which, by the close, will make you feel almost as smart as AI. 句子主干是：She writes from the practical angle of a business person rather than as an academic； making for ... as AI 是非谓语短语作伴随状语，其中嵌入两个 which 引导的定语从句，都修饰先行词 guide。 翻译 为：她从商业人士（而非学者）的实用角度出发，使得这本指南通俗易懂、内容丰富，读完之后，你会觉得自己几乎和人工智能一样聪明。 ) ( 1 . this absorbing new book  这本引人入胜的新书 2 . a practical roadmap addressing the challenges posed by the forthcoming AI revolution  解决即将到来的人工智能革命带来的挑战的实用路线图 3 . in the wrong hands  落入错误的人手中 4. prove as complicated to process  证明处理起来同样复杂 5 . translate the heady into the understandable  将令人兴奋的内容翻译成易懂的 6 . from the practical angle  从实际角度来看 7 . be highly accessible and informative  非常易于理解且信息丰富 8 . by the close  到结束时 9 . set out to raise awareness of AI  旨在提高对人工智能的认识 10 . risk being sidelined  冒被边缘化的风险 11 . wake up those responsible for AI-the technology companies  唤醒那些负责人工智能的科技公司 12 . on the same page  达成一致 13 . be at a “tipping point”  处于 “ 临界点 ” 14 . prevent an extinction-level event for humanity  防止人类灭绝级事件的发生 15 . consider how we want our future with AI to pan out  考虑我们希望人工智能的未来如何发展 16 . ill-intentioned  恶意的 17 . be packed with complex codes  充满复杂代码 18 . a down-to-earth writing style  朴实的写作风格 19 . make joint efforts  共同努力 20 . learn from prior experience  从以往经验中学习 21 . give a brief account  简要说明 22 . clarify  澄清 23 . honor an outstanding AI expert  表彰一位杰出的人工智能专家 24. urge sb to do sth 敦促某人做某事； 25. Make joint efforts to do sth 共同努力做某事； 26. keep sth under control 控 制 住 某 物 ； ) 全文翻译 人工智能拥有改变我们生活的惊人潜力，因此我们都需要采取行动来应对人工智能驱动的未来。《人工智能设计：与人工智能共存的计划》这本书恰逢其时，为我们指明了方向。这本引人入胜的新书由卡特里奥娜·坎贝尔撰写，为我们提供了一份实用的路线图，旨在应对即将到来的 AI 革命所带来的挑战。 如果对人工智能缺乏了解，那么这本书读起来可能就像理解复杂的计算机代码一样困难。幸运的是，坎贝尔拥有超过二十年的专业经验，能够将复杂的概念转化为通俗易懂的语言。她从商人的实用视角而非学术角度出发进行写作，这使得这本书非常易读且信息丰富。读完之后，你会觉得自己对人工智能的理解已经今非昔比。 正如我们很快从《人工智能设计》中了解到的，人工智能已经非常聪明，而且会变得更加强大，从目前的“狭义人工智能”发展到通用人工智能。坎贝尔认为，在此基础上，最终会出现超级人工智能。这就是为什么坎贝尔现在就着手提高人们对人工智能及其未来的认识——远早于这些发展预计发生的几十年之前。她认为，我们必须控制人工智能，否则我们可能会被边缘化，甚至面临更糟糕的命运。 坎贝尔希望唤醒那些掌握着人工智能力量的人——科技公司和世界领导人——让他们与目前所有开发人工智能的专家达成共识。她解释说，我们正处于历史的“转折点”，现在必须采取行动，防止人类走向灭绝。我们需要认真思考，希望人工智能将我们带向怎样的未来。这种结构化的思考，再加上全球范围内的监管，将使我们能够借助人工智能的力量创造辉煌，而不是走向毁灭。 人工智能将影响我们所有人。如果你只想读一本关于人工智能的书，那就读这本吧。 （二） （2024·全国·统考模拟预测）Recently, as a journalist, I have published many stories about social media, privacy and artificial intelligence (AI), among other things. So when ChatGPT told me that my output may have influenced its responses to other people’s prompts (提示), I rushed to wipe my data from its memory. As I quickly discovered, however, there is no delete button. AI-powered chatbots never forget what they have learned, because they are trained on data sets including vast numbers of websites and online articles. As long as they exist on the Internet, they get to be remembered. That means the likes of ChatGPT are possible to let out sensitive personal information, if it has appeared online, and that the companies behind these AIs will struggle to make good on “right-to-be-forgotten” regulations, which force organizations to remove personal data on request. It also means we are powerless to stop hackers (黑客) controlling AI outputs by planting misinformation or ill instructions in training data. All of these explain why many computer scientists are busy to teach AIs to forget. While they are finding that it is extremely difficult, “machine unlearning” solutions are beginning to appear. And the work could prove vital beyond addressing concerns over privacy and misinformation. The new generation of AI-powered chatbots like ChatGPT, which produce text in response to our prompts, are underpinned by large language models. These are trained on mountains of data, most of which is scraped from the Internet. From this, they learn to spot statistical patterns, which means they can predict the likeliest next word in a sentence, producing fluent answers to our every question. The trouble is that the way AI chatbots work means that when they learn something, it can’t be unlearned. This creates a significant problem when it comes to privacy, as Dr. Zhang made clear in recent research. He highlighted how difficult it will be for AI companies to obey the “right to be forgotten”, which the European Union declared a human right back in 2014. 5．Why can chatbots store what it has learned forever? A．Lack of a delete button. B．Manual code entry. C．Strong review ability. D．The way they are trained. 6．Why do scientists try to teach AI to forget? A．Because AI has many security risks. B．Because AI stores limited information. C．Because AI needs to be updated regularly. D．Because AI imitates humans completely. 7．According to Paragraph 3, what can we learn about chatbots? A．Chatbots can answer 90% of the questions. B．Chatbots’ data comes from the designer’s software. C．Chatbots produce the answers based on the prompts. D．Chatbots can predict your problems in advance. 8．What does the underlined word “underpinned” in Paragraph 3 mean? A．Controlled. B．Adjusted. C．Boosted. D．Supported. 【答案】5．D 6．A 7．C 8．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文介绍了人工智能的出现给人们带来便利的同时，给用户的隐私泄露也增加了一定的风险和隐患。 5．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“because they are trained on data sets including vast numbers of websites and online articles.”（因为他们是在包括大量网站和在线文章的数据集上训练的）和“As long as they exist on the Internet, they get to be remembered.” （只要他们存在于互联网上，他们就会被记住）可知，人工智能聊天机器人是在包括大量网站和在线文章在内的数据集上进行训练的，只要这些存在于互联网上，就会被记住。正是这种训练方式导致了人工智能聊天机器人忘不掉学过的东西。故选D项。 6．推理判断题。根据第二段中的“That means the likes of ChatGPT are possible to let out sensitive personal information.”（这意味着像ChatGPT这样的网站有可能泄露敏感的个人信息）和“It also means we are powerless to stop hackers controlling AI outputs”（这也意味着我们无力阻止黑客控制人工智能的输出）可推知，科学家试图教人工智能忘记的原因是是人工智能存在很多安全风险。故选A项。 7．细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“The new generation of AI-powered chatbots like ChatGPT, which produce text in response to our prompts, are underpinned by large language models. ”（新一代的人工智能聊天机器人，如ChatGPT，根据我们的提示生成文本，是由大型语言模型支撑的。）可知，新一代的人工智能聊天机器人，如ChatGPT，会根据我们的提示生成文本。故选C项。 8．词句猜测题。根据画线词所在句后的“These are trained on mountains of data… they can predict the likeliest next word in a sentence, producing fluent answers to our every question.”（这些机器是在海量数据的基础上进行训练的……，它们可以预测句子中最有可能出现的下一个单词，为我们的每个问题提供流利的答案） 可知，大型语言模型需要批量的数据进行训练，这样像ChatGPT一样的聊天机器人才能预测句子中接下来最有可能出现的词，故推知聊天机器人也需要大型语言模型的训练来支撑。support意为“支持”，符合题意。故选D项。 （三） （2023下·高一校考单元测试）Never play games with a bot (robot) — it will find a way to cheat if it can. A team from OpenAI, an artificial intelligence lab in San Francisco, has developed artificially intelligent bots that taught themselves to cooperate by playing hide-and-seek. The bots also learned how to use basic tools to help themselves win. Bowen Baker at OpenAI and his colleagues wanted to see if the team-based dynamics of the OpenAI Five could be used to produce skills that could one day be useful to humans. The researchers set their bots loose in a simulated (模拟的) environment filled with fixed walls, movable boxes and ladders, and left them to play team games of hide-and-seek. The bots each had their own view of the world and couldn’t communicate with each other directly. At first, the hiders simply ran away. But they soon worked out that the quickest way to stop the seekers was to find objects in the environment to hide themselves from view. The seekers learned that they could move boxes around and use them to climb over walls. The bots then discovered that being a team-player — passing objects to each other or cooperating on a hide-and-seek — was the quickest way to win. But the real surprise came when the bots started making use of problems or faults. Seekers found that if they pushed a ladder towards a wall, they could launch themselves into the air and spot hiders from above. Hiders found that they could get rid of the ladders by pushing them aside. “It shows that AI is able to find solutions that humans miss,” says Baker. “Maybe it’ll even be able to solve problems that humans don’t yet know how to.” However, it is a large leap (飞跃) from virtual hide-and-seek to real problem-solving. “The main limitation is that it is in simulation,” says Chelsea Finn at Stanford University. 9．Why did Bowen and his colleagues conduct the research ? A．To teach bots to play games. B．To see the potential of bots. C．To find if bots may cheat like humans. D．To train bots to use basic tools. 10．What’s the third paragraph mainly about ? A．The design of the research. B．The tools of the research. C．The competitors of the game. D．The environment of the game. 11．What does the underlined word “It” in the last paragraph refer to? A．Passing objects. B．Moving boxes around. C．Hiding themselves from view. D．Making use of problems or faults. 12．What does Chelsea think of the finding of the research? A．It can bridge the gap between AI and the real world. B．It will not be influenced by the real world. C．It may not be realized in the real world. D．It will definitely help the real problem-solving. 【答案】9．B 10．A 11．D 12．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了旧金山人工智能实验室OpenAI的一个团队开发出的人工智能机器人通过玩捉迷藏来教会自己合作，学会了如何使用基本工具来帮助自己获胜。 9．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Bowen Baker at OpenAI and his colleagues wanted to see if the team-based dynamics of the OpenAI Five could be used to produce skills that could one day be useful to humans.(OpenAI的Bowen Baker和他的同事们想看看OpenAI五人组基于团队的动力学是否可以用来产生有一天对人类有用的技能)”可知，Bowen和他的同事进行这项研究是为了看机器人的潜力，看它们是否能产生对人类有用的技能。故选B项。 10．主旨大意题。根据第三段中“The researchers set their bots loose in a simulated environment filled with fixed walls, movable boxes and ladders, and left them to play team games of hide-and-seek. The bots each had their own view of the world and couldn’t communicate with each other directly.(研究人员将机器人放在一个充满固定墙壁、可移动盒子和梯子的模拟环境中，让它们玩团队捉迷藏游戏。每个机器人都有自己的世界观，彼此之间不能直接交流)”可知，第三段主要介绍了这项研究的设计。故选A项。 11．词句猜测题。根据“It shows that AI is able to find solutions that humans miss (这表明人工智能能够找到人类未察觉的解决方案)”和指代关系可知，指示代词It指代上文中实验的惊人发现，即“But the real surprise came when the bots started making use of problems or faults.(但真正令人惊讶的是，机器人开始利用问题或错误)”。故选D项。 12．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“However, it is a large leap from virtual hide-and-seek to real problem-solving. “The main limitation is that it is in simulation,” says Chelsea Finn at Stanford University.(然而，从虚拟捉迷藏到真正解决问题是一个很大的飞跃。斯坦福大学的切尔西·芬恩说：“主要的限制是它是模拟的。”)”可推知，Chelsea认为从虚拟到现实还有很大距离，在现实世界中可能无法实现。故选C项。 （四） （2024·福建漳州·统考二模）In the Pixar movie Up, a fun cartoon dog called Dug wears a magical collar which can detect and translate his barks and cries into fluent human speech. Humans have always been fascinated by the potential to communicate with the animals. This week, an article in the New York Times documented major efforts from a group of researchers using machine-learning algorithms (算法) to analyze the different calls of whales, chickens, bats, cats, and more. There are several ways to train AI systems now. Typically, Al systems learn through training with labeled data of human language which can be well supplied by the Internet. But analyzing animal language is different. Scientists have to instruct software programs on what to look for, and how to organize the data. This process requires matching gained vocal (发声的) recordings with the visual social behaviors of animals. A group studying Egyptian fruit bats, for example, also used video cameras to record the bats themselves to provide context for the calls. Many critics of this approach point out two weaknesses of current AI language models: being unable to truly understand the relationships between words and the objects in the real world, and scientists’ little understanding of animal societies. Al language models for humans rely on a computer mapping out the relationship between words and the contexts they could appear in. But these models have their own weak points, and can sometimes be a black box—researchers know what goes in and comes out, but don’t quite understand how the algorithm is arriving at the conclusion. Another factor that researchers should take into account is that animal communications might not work at all like human communications. There might be unique elements to animal language due to physiological and behavioral differences. Making a Translator for animals has been a popular project that’s been in the works for the last decade. Although some software has shown some success in identifying the basic vocabulary of certain animals, it’s still a far cry from understanding the complex animal languages. 13．Why do researchers use Al to analyze animals’ calls? A．To tell the differences among animals. B．To test Al’s ability of translating animal language. C．To understand animal language better. D．To explore the fun of communicating with animals. 14．What makes analyzing animal language different? A．The lack of labeled data for training Al systems. B．The difficulty in relating human speech to real objects. C．The need for sound recordings to provide context. D．The matching of vocal recordings with their calls. 15．What does the underlined term “black box” refer to in Paragraph 3? A．Al language models to study animal communication. B．The researchers’ study on animal societies. C．The relationship between words and context. D．The method of Al algorithms to draw conclusions. 16．What is the text mainly about? A．Al systems for animal language translation. B．Limitations of current Al language models. C．Unique aspects of detecting animal language. D．Challenges in creating a translator for animals. 【答案】13．C 14．A 15．D 16．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了研究人员在运用人工智能来识别动物的叫声，试图与动物交流的研究中所遇到的困难与挑战。 13．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Humans have always been fascinated by the potential to communicate with the animals. This week, an article in the New York Times documented major efforts from a group of researchers using machine-learning algorithms (算法) to analyze the different calls of whales, chickens, bats, cats, and more.(人类一直着迷于与动物交流的潜力。本周，《纽约时报》的一篇文章记录了一组研究人员使用机器学习算法分析鲸鱼、鸡、蝙蝠、猫等不同叫声的重大努力。)”可推知，研究人员使用人工智能分析动物叫声的目的是为了能更好地理解动物语言。故选C。 14．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Typically, Al systems learn through training with labeled data of human language which can be well supplied by the Internet. But analyzing animal language is different. Scientists have to instruct software programs on what to look for, and how to organize the data. This process requires matching gained vocal (发声的) recordings with the visual social behaviors of animals.(通常，人工智能系统通过训练人类语言的标记数据来学习，这些数据可以通过互联网很好地提供。但是分析动物的语言是不同的。科学家必须指导软件程序寻找什么，以及如何组织数据。这个过程需要将获得的声音记录与动物的视觉社会行为相匹配。)”可推知，分析动物语言和分析人类语言的不同之处在于前者缺乏用于培训人工智能系统的动物语言标签数据。故选A。 15．词句猜题题。根据划线词组所在句中的“researchers know what goes in and comes out, but don’t quite understand how the algorithm is arriving at the conclusion.(研究人员知道输进去什么，得出什么结论，但不太了解算法是如何得出结论的。)”可知，“black box”指代的是人工智能算法得出结论的方法。故选D。 16．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，第一段引出研究人员试图通过人工智能来分析动物叫声从而与动物进行交流的话题；第二段至四段分析这种方法所面临的困难与挑战；第五段总结通过人工智能来分析动物叫声从而与动物交流仍然任重道远。由此可知，文章主要介绍了创造动物语言翻译系统面临的挑战。故选D。 （五） （2023·江苏泰州·统考模拟预测）An open letter, attracting signatures from the likes of Tesla CEO Elon Musk and Apple co-founder Steve Wozniak, was released early last week. It advocates a 6-month stop to give Artificial Intelligence (AI) companies and regulators time to make safeguards to protect society from potential risks of the technology. AI has progressed at an alarming speed since the launch of ChatGPT, from the Microsoft-backed company Open AI. ChatGPT reportedly reached more than 100 million users by January, 2023, and major tech companies are racing to build generative AI into their products, which have caught many off guard. “I think many people aren’t well prepared for the pace and scale of these AI models. They are ideal for spreading misinformation, cheating people out of their money and convincing employees to click on dangerous links in emails,” says Michael Osborne, a machine learning researcher of AI company Mind Foundry, who signed the letter. “I feel that a 6-month pause would give regulators enough time to catch up with the rapid pace of advances.” Privacy is another emerging concern, as critics worry that systems could exactly reproduce personal information from their training sets. Italy’s data protection authority prohibited ChatGPT on 31 March over concerns that Italians’ personal data are being used to train Open AI’s models. Some technologists warn of deeper security threats. Planned ChatGPT-based digital assistants that can read and write emails could offer new opportunities for hackers. Unfortunately, many problems of today’s AI models don’t have easy solutions. One tricky issue is how to make AI-generated content easy to detect. Some researchers are working on “watermarking” — creating a digital signature in the AI’s output. However, a recent research finds that tools which slightly change AI-produced text can easily defeat this approach. Microsoft co-founder Bill Gates tells Reuters the proposed pause won’t “solve the challenges” ahead. He notes the people behind the letter are heavily involved in the tech world, which he thinks gives them an arrow perspective on the potential risks. 17．What’s the purpose of the open letter? A．To draw the attention of AI giants. B．To present the risks of AI technology. C．To call for a pause on the AI development. D．To turn down the application of AI programs. 18．What can we infer about AI from the text? A．AI models threaten human survival. B．AI users have expanded out of control. C．AI development brings potential dangers. D．AI technology will replace human beings. 19．What does the author aim to show by mentioning “watermarking” in Paragraph 5? A．It is hard to sign digitally. B．It is easy to detect AI’s output. C．It is wise to leave a water mark. D．It is tough to settle AI problems. 20．What’s Bill Gates’ attitude towards the 6-month pause? A．Favorable. B．Negative. C．Ambiguous. D．Tolerant. 【答案】17．C 18．C 19．D 20．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了出于对人工智能机器人存在问题的担忧，一些科技巨头公司的负责人签署了一封公开信，主张暂停6个月，让人工智能公司和监管机构有时间制定保障措施，保护社会免受该技术的潜在风险。 17．细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“It advocates a 6-month stop to give Artificial Intelligence (AI)companies and regulators time to make safeguards to protect society from potential risks of the technology.”（它主张暂停6个月，让人工智能公司和监管机构有时间制定保障措施，保护社会免受该技术的潜在风险。）可知，该公开信的目的是呼吁暂停人工智能的发展。故选C项。 18．推理判断题。根据第三段第二句“They are ideal for spreading misinformation, cheating people out of their money and convincing employees to click on dangerous links in emails”（它们是传播错误信息、骗取钱财和说服员工点击电子邮件中的危险链接的理想工具。）及第四段第一句“Privacy is another emerging concern, as critics worry that systems could exactly reproduce personal information from their training sets.”（隐私是另一个新出现的问题，因为批评者担心系统可以准确地从他们的训练集合中复制个人信息。）可知，人工智能的发展会带来一些弊端，存在潜在的危险。故选C项。 19．推理判断题。根据第五段第一句“Unfortunately, many problems of today’s AI models don’t have easy solutions.”（不幸的是，当今人工智能模型的许多问题都没有简单的解决方案。）及最后两句“Some researchers are working on “watermarking” —creating a digital signature in the AI’s output. However, a recent research finds that tools which slightly change AI-produced text can easily defeat this approach.”（一些研究人员正在研究“水印”——在人工智能的输出中创建数字签名。然而，最近的一项研究发现，稍微改变人工智能生成的文本的工具很容易击败这种方法。）可知，解决人工智能问题是复杂的，无法轻易解决，提到研究人员研究的“水印”技术很容易更改，证明了人工智能问题很难解决。故选D项。 20．推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句“Microsoft co-founder Bill Gates tells Reuters the proposed pause won’t “solve the challenges” ahead. ”（微软联合创始人比尔·盖茨对路透社表示，拟议中的暂停不会“解决”未来的挑战。）可知，比尔·盖茨认为6个月的暂停计划无法解决未来的挑战，他对该计划持否定的态度。故选B项。 （六） （23-24高二下·天津和平·期末）Many people are told that certain activities are out of the question for them, but a new invention proves that where there is a will, there is a way. Dr. Zacharias Vamvakousis has come up with a creative way to improve the quality of life for countless people through the power of music. His invention is called EyeHarp, which enables individuals to make music using their gaze (注视) instead of their hands. “EyeHarp is the first musical application that allows people with disabilities to play music with eyes or head movements,” Zacharias explains. “Using an eye tracker, you can make melodies by looking at the notes on the screen.” EyeHarp uses the same type of digital eye-tracking technology used in some computer games. But instead of using it to aim weapons at digital opponents, EyeHarp uses it to track your eyes as they stay on different musical notes on a colorful circle on your computer screen. The application allows you to play three to four notes every second. However, users have to be careful not to move their eyes too quickly from one musical note to the next. So, much like any other instrument, playing a tune takes practice and concentration. Zacharias was inspired to create the magical application after a musician friend was badly hurt in a motorcycle accident. His friend was worried he’d never be able to play his guitar again, so Zacharias decided to find a new way to make music available to him. While his friend didn’t end up needing EyeHarp, Zacharias was on a mission to help others who thought music was forever lost to them. These are people who are so disabled that they don’t have the opportunity to do many things and learning music through EyeHarp gives them happiness, the purpose and the opportunity to play music. Zacharias agreed, saying that music builds social connections and raises self-esteem. He’s currently training music teachers to use EyeHarp so they can reach even more people with disabilities. This invention has the potential for changing so many lives. Hundreds of people with disabilities have used EyeHarp. “There wasn’t any instrument they could play. But now, they’re able to make their own music,” says Zacharias. “I hope it will light up the lives of more people like them.” 21．What is EyeHarp? A．A musical instrument played with disabled minds. B．A device that helps people play music with their eyes. C．A musical game using eye-tracking technology. D．A medical tool for improving ones’eyesight. 22．For what reason did Zacharias create the appliance? A．His love for music and technology. B．A need for a new form of musical therapy. C．A desire to help his musician friend. D．A sympathy towards people with disabilities. 23．How does EyeHarp work according to the passage? A．By tracking the movement of players’ hands. B．By detecting the sound of a music note. C．By following the stay of the gaze on the screen. D．By recognizing the face of a disabled user. 24．What can we infer about EyeHarp from the passage? A．It is very difficult to play. B．It can be used by anyone easily. C．It has limited musical notes. D．It brings hope to many disabled people. 【答案】21．B 22．C 23．C 24．D 【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了Zacharias Vamvakousis博士发明了“EyeHarp”这款应用程序，这使人能够用他们的目光而不是他们的手来制作音乐，尤其是残疾人。他希望通过自己制作的音乐能够点亮这些人的生活。 21．细节理解题。根据文章第二段内容“His invention is called EyeHarp, which enables individuals to make music using their gaze instead of their hands. (他的发明被称为EyeHarp，它可以让人们用目光而不是手来创作音乐。)”以及第三段内容“EyeHarp is the first musical application that allows people with disabilities to play music with eyes or head movements (EyeHarp是首个允许残疾人通过眼睛或头部运动来演奏音乐的音乐应用程序)”可知，EyeHarp是一款应有程序，可以让人们用目光创作音乐。故选B项。 22．细节理解题。根据文章第六段内容“Zacharias was inspired to create the magical application after a musician friend was badly hurt in a motorcycle accident. His friend was worried he’d never be able to play his guitar again, so Zacharias decided to find a new way to make music available to him. (Zacharias的一位音乐家朋友在一场摩托车事故中受了重伤，他受到启发，创造了这款神奇的应用程序。他的朋友担心他再也不能弹吉他了，所以扎卡里亚斯决定找一种新的方式让他能接触到音乐。)”可知，为了帮助自己受伤的音乐家朋友继续接触到音乐，Zacharias创造了这款程序。故选C项。 23．细节理解题。根据文章第四段内容“EyeHarp uses the same type of digital eye-tracking technology used in some computer games. (EyeHarp使用了一些电脑游戏中使用的相同类型的数字眼球追踪技术。)”以及“…EyeHarp uses it to track your eyes as they stay on different musical notes on a colorful circle on your computer screen (当你的眼睛停留在电脑屏幕上一个彩色圆圈上的不同音符上时，EyeHarp就用追踪技术来跟踪你眼睛的停留)”可知，EyeHarp使用了数字眼球追踪技术，当眼睛停留在电脑屏幕上的彩色圆圈上的不同音符上，追踪就发生了，即，它是通过跟随使用者在屏幕上的注视来完成音乐创作的。故选C项。 24．推理判断题。根据文章第七段内容“This invention has the potential for changing so many lives. Hundreds of people with disabilities have used EyeHarp. (这项发明有可能改变很多人的生活。数百名残疾人使用了EyeHarp。)”以及末尾段内容“‘There wasn’t any instrument they could play. But now, they’re able to make their own music,’says Zacharias. ‘I hope it will light up the lives of more people like them.’ (Zacharias说：“以前没有任何他们能演奏的乐器。但现在，他们能够制作自己的音乐了。”“我希望它能照亮更多像他们这样的人的生活。”)”可知，已经有数百名残疾人使用了EyeHarp，这款程序可以使他们创作自己的音乐，可以照亮他们的生活。由此可推知，这款程序给残疾人带来了希望。故选D项。 （七） （2024·江西鹰潭·二模）How Using A Mood Tracker App Could Help Your Mental Health You track your nutrition and your workouts, but why wouldn’t you track your mood? 25 They can be used by everyone, from those dealing with mental health conditions such as depression or mood anxiety to those who just want to keep an eye on their stress levels. 26 . Many of them allow you to record factors that may be affecting your mental health, such as sleep, nutrition, and exercise. You can also see how changes are affecting your mental health. Mood trackers can also keep you honest about your self-reporting bias. How Does a Mood Tracker App Work? Firstly, research shows that mood tracker apps can help people better identify their moods and in turn, understand them. Awareness of one’s mood has been linked to better mental health outcome. 27 By recording the data that someone can refer back to during an appointment, apps can also help people feel more empowered rather than be a passive consumer. Who Should Use Them? Generally speaking, a mood tracker app can be helpful to most people. 28 Research shows at the mood tracker apps that are the most helpful in reducing symptoms are the ones that provide education on things like cognitive behavioral therapy techniques and tools, rather than ones that only record symptoms. Mood tracker apps are one of the most popular categories or smartphones app stores, so you have no lack of choices with a simple search for mood tracker. 29 A．Why Use a Mood Tracker App? B．Mood tracker apps are gaining in popularity. C．And those who are dealing with mood disorders will benefit most from it. D．Research on apps using predictive technology is incredibly encouraging. E．Mood tracker apps are often more than just a place to record your emotions. F．Additionally, apps can help people better communicate with mental health professionals. G．If you don’t have as art phone or don’t want to download an app, there are web-based trackers to consult. 【答案】25．B 26．A 27．F 28．C 29．G 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了使用情绪追踪器应用程序能帮助心理健康。 25．根据前文“You track your nutrition and your workouts, but why wouldn’t you track your mood? (你跟踪你的营养和锻炼，但你为什么不跟踪你的情绪呢？)”可知，下文与情绪追踪器应用程序有关，B项“Mood tracker apps are gaining in popularity. (情绪追踪器应用程序越来越受欢迎。)”引出情绪追踪器，且下一句They指代本句中的情绪追踪器。故选B项。 26．根据下文“Many of them allow you to record factors that may be affecting your mental health, such as sleep, nutrition, and exercise. You can also see how changes are affecting your mental health. Mood trackers can also keep you honest about your self-reporting bias. (其中许多允许你记录可能影响你心理健康的因素，例如睡眠、营养和运动。你还可以看到变化如何影响你的心理健康。情绪追踪器还可以让你诚实地对待你的自我报告偏见。)”可知，本段讲述的是使用情绪追踪器应用程序的用处，与A项“Why Use a Mood Tracker App? (为什么要使用情绪追踪器应用程序？)”上下文一致，符合文意，故选A项。 27．根据前文“Awareness of one’s mood has been linked to better mental health outcome. (对一个人的情绪的认识与更好的心理健康结果有关。)”可知，前文讲述良好的情绪带来的积极心理结果，空处应为上文的补充，F项“Additionally, apps can help people better communicate with mental health professionals. (此外，应用程序可以帮助人们更好地与心理健康专业人员沟通。)”也为对应的好处，符合文意，故选F项。 28．根据上文“Generally speaking, a mood tracker app can be helpful to most people. (一般来说，情绪跟踪器应用程序对大多数人都有帮助。)”可知，情绪跟踪器应用程序对情绪障碍的人有帮助，与C项“And those who are dealing with mood disorders will benefit most from it. (那些正在处理情绪障碍的人将从中受益最大。)”上下文一致，符合文意，且most people与C项中的those who are dealing with mood disorders前后呼应，故选C项。 29．根据前文“Mood tracker apps are one of the most popular categories or smartphones app stores, so you have no lack of choices with a simple search for mood tracker.(情绪跟踪器应用程序是最受欢迎的类别或智能手机应用商店之一，因此你只需搜索情绪跟踪器即可选择。)”可知，情绪跟踪器应用程序可以下载，此段描述从哪里获得该软件，G项“If you don’t have as art phone or don’t want to download an app, there are web-based trackers to consult. (如果你没有艺术手机或不想下载应用程序，则可以使用基于Web的跟踪器。)”同样表明来源途径，故选G项。 （八） 完形填空 （23-24高二上·浙江·单元测试）Do you get to play with any neat toys at school? As more and more schools take advantage of new 30 to make learning easier, you may get the chance to 31 personal computers, laptops or maybe even smartphones in the classroom. 32 were not always as well-equipped as they can be today, though. Before students had pencils and paper, they often used slates (石板), which were 33 , hand-held blackboards that they could write on with chalk. In fact, the classroom chalkboard didn’t 34 until the late 1800s. It must have been 35 for teachers to be able to write on a large surface that the entire class could see at the same time. While chalkboards 36 seem like a thing of the past today, they were cutting-edge(最尖端的) technology at one time! Over the years as new technologies 37 , new items were slowly added to classrooms as 38 figured out how they could be used to 39 the learning experience. Copying machines revolutionised classrooms 40 they came along in the mid-1900s. Being able to 41 students copies of lessons for homework and studying expanded the classroom 42 its walls and the usual school day. The use of audio tapes and headphones in the classroom made foreign languages 43 . They also helped students with vision or reading 44 , since they could now listen to lessons rather than 45 them. There are hundreds of other 46 of educational technology over the years. In the past couple of decades, though, schools have 47 a great increase in the use of cutting-edge, modern technology in the classroom. With the invention of the personal computer, education got a great 48 . When you factor in(把……考虑在内) the Internet, modern education looks 49 than it did when your parents were in school. 30．A．technology B．discovery C．thought D．design 31．A．buy B．borrow C．repair D．use 32．A．Cinemas B．Clubs C．Classrooms D．Theatres 33．A．heavy B．small C．valuable D．cheap 34．A．give up B．work on C．turn back D．come out 35．A．difficult B．interesting C．nice D．lucky 36．A．certainly B．hardly C．finally D．suddenly 37．A．stopped B．arrived C．appeared D．developed 38．A．workers B．educators C．visitors D．doctors 39．A．improve B．enjoy C．accept D．suffer 40．A．before B．until C．when D．so 41．A．pass B．give C．lend D．introduce 42．A．between B．along C．through D．beyond 43．A．easier B．further C．slower D．longer 44．A．questions B．experiences C．problems D．contests 45．A．write B．speak C．read D．tell 46．A．experiments B．examples C．results D．inventions 47．A．seen B．lost C．avoided D．kept 48．A．increase B．measure C．movement D．improvement 49．A．similar B．different C．backward D．important 【答案】 30．A 31．D 32．C 33．B 34．D 35．C 36．A 37．D 38．B 39．A 40．C 41．B 42．D 43．A 44．C 45．C 46．B 47．A 48．D 49．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了技术的进步对教育的改变。 30．考查名词词义辨析。句意：随着越来越多的学校利用新技术使学习更容易，你可能会有机会在课堂上使用个人电脑、笔记本电脑甚至智能手机。A. technology技术；B. discovery发现；C. thought思想；D. design设计。根据句中的“personal computers, laptops or maybe even smartphones”和下文中的“cutting-edge(最尖端的) technology”“new technologies”等可知，这里指的是学校利用新技术让学习变得更容易。故选A。 31．考查动词词义辨析。句意参考上题。A. buy购买；B. borrow借；C. repair修理；D. use使用。根据空后的“personal computers, laptops or maybe even smartphones in the classroom”可知，学生有机会在课堂上使用个人电脑、笔记本电脑、智能手机等设备。故选D。 32．考查名词词义辨析。句意：不过，教室并不总是像今天这样设备齐全。A. Cinemas摄像头；B. Clubs俱乐部；C. Classrooms教室；D. Theatres戏院。根据上文中的“in the classroom”和句中的“well-equipped”可知，这里指的是以前的教室并不像现在的教室那样设备齐全，故选C。 33．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在学生们有铅笔和纸之前，他们经常使用石板，这是一种学生可以用粉笔在上面写字的小型手持黑板。A. heavy沉的；B. small小的；C. valuable宝贵的；D. cheap便宜的。根据空后的“hand-held blackboards”和下文中的“for teachers to be able to write on a large surface that the entire class could see at the same time”可知，这种石板是一种小型手持黑板。故选B。 34．考查动词短语辨析。句意：事实上，教室黑板直到19世纪末才问世。A. give up放弃；B. work on致力于；C. turn back（使）返回；D. come out出现。根据空后的“until the late 1800s”可知，教室黑板直到19世纪末才出现。故选D。 35．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：老师们能在全班同学都能同时看到的大表面上写字，一定很好。A. difficult困难的；B. interesting有趣的；C. nice好的；D. lucky幸运的。根据空后的“for teachers to be able to write on a large surface that the entire class could see at the same time”可知，老师在教室黑板上写字，所有学生可以同时在大平面上看到内容，这是一件很好的事情。故选C。 36．考查副词词义辨析。句意：虽然黑板在今天看起来肯定已经是过去的事了，但它们曾经是尖端技术！A. certainly无疑，肯定；B. hardly几乎不；C. finally最后；D. suddenly突然。根据空后的“seem like a thing of the past today”并结合常识可知，黑板在今天看来肯定是过时的东西。故选A。 37．考查动词词义辨析。句意：多年来，随着新技术的发展，随着教育工作者明白如何使用新东西来改善学习体验，新东西慢慢被添加到教室中。A. stopped停止；B. arrived到达；C. appeared出现；D. developed发展。根据句中的“new items were slowly added to classrooms”可知，教室中慢慢添加了新的设备，所以新技术发展了。故选D。 38．考查名词词义辨析。句意参考上题。A. workers工人；B. educators教育家；C. visitors参观者；D. doctors医生。根据空后的“figured out how they could be used to　　10　　the learning experience”并结合常识可知，教育者会思考如何使用新设备来改善学生的学习体验。故选B。 39．考查动词词义辨析。句意参考上题。A. improve提高；B. enjoy享受；C. accept接受；D. suffer受苦。根据空前的“they could be used to”和空后的“the learning experience”可知，利用新的设备来改善学习体验。故选A。 40．考查连词词义辨析。句意：20世纪中期，复印机问世，彻底改变了教室。A. before在……以前；B. until直到……为止；C. when当……时；D. so因此。这里表示复印机在20世纪中期出现的时候，应用when引导时间状语从句。故选C。 41．考查动词词义辨析。句意：能够为学生提供作业和学习的课程副本复印本，使课堂超越了墙壁和平时的上课时间。A. pass通过；B. give给；C. lend借出；D. introduce介绍。根据空后的“students copies of lessons for homework and studying”可知，有了复印机，老师可以给学生提供作业和学习的课程复印本。故选B。 42．考查介词词义辨析。句意参考上题。A. between在……之间；B. along沿着；C. through穿过；D. beyond超出……之外。根据空前的“expanded the classroom”和空后的“its walls and the usual school day”可知，老师给学生布置复印好的作业和学习资料，这样做让课堂超越了教室墙壁以及上课时间的限制。故选D。 43．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在课堂上使用录音带和耳机使外语学习更容易。A. easier更容易的；B. further更远的；C. slower更慢的；D. longer更长的。根据句中的“The use of audio tapes and headphones in the classroom”和下文中的“They also helped students”可知，这里在陈述录音带和耳机给学生带来的好处，在课堂上使用它们使得学生学习外语更容易。故选A。 44．考查名词词义辨析。句意：它们还帮助有视力或阅读问题的学生，因为他们现在可以听课而不是读课。A. questions疑问；B. experiences经历；C. problems问题；D. contests比赛。根据句中的“they could now listen to lessons”可知，录音带和耳机可以帮助学生听课，由此可知，它们能够帮助有视力或阅读问题的学生。故选C。 45．考查动词词义辨析。句意参考上题。A. write写；B. speak说话；C. read阅读，朗读；D. tell告诉。根据空前的“listen to lessons rather than”可知，这里指可以听而不是读。故选C。 46．考查名词词义辨析。句意：多年来，还有数百个其他教育技术的例子。A. experiments实验；B. examples例子；C. results结果；D. inventions发明。根据上文中讲述的“slates”“classroom chalkboard”“Copying machines”“audio tapes and headphones”可知，上文举了石板、教室黑板、复印机、录音带和耳机这些教育技术的例子，这里是说还有其他数百个其他例子。故选B。 47．考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，在过去的几十年里，学校在课堂上使用尖端现代技术的情况大大增加。A. seen看见，为……发生的时间或地点；B. lost失去；C. avoided避免；D. kept保持。根据空前的“schools have”和空后的“a great increase in the use of cutting-edge, modern technology in the classroom”可知，学校见证了教室添加越来越多的尖端技术。故选A。 48．考查名词词义辨析。句意：随着个人电脑的发明，教育得到了很大的改善。A. increase增加；B. measure测量；C. movement运动；D. improvement改善。根据句中的“With the invention of the personal computer”可知，个人电脑的发明让教育得到了巨大改善。故选D。 49．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当你考虑到互联网时，现代教育看起来与你父母上学时不同。A. similar相似的；B. different不同的；C. backward向后的；D. important重要的。根据“modern education looks”和空后的“than it did when your parents were in school”可知，这里指现代教育和父辈时期的教育不同。be different than意为“和……不同”。故选B。 （九） 书面表达 50．（24-25高二上·全国·课后作业）阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。 Jim was walking down a dimly lit street late in the evening, hoping to see his lovely children as soon as possible. As he was walking quietly, Jim heard muffled (沉闷的) screams coming from behind some bushes. Alarmed (惊慌的), Jim stopped to listen carefully. He realized that what he was hearing was the unmistakable (清楚明白的) sound of a struggle. Thinking of the danger, he became frightened. Only yards from where Jim stood, a girl was being attacked. Jim didn’t know what to do. Should he get involved in it? He was worried about his own safety. He was wondering whether he should just run to the nearest phone box and call the police or go to fight with the attacker (攻击者) to save the unknown girl. As he suffered from inward struggles, the girl’s cries were growing weaker. Jim knew he had to act fast. Yet he knew he couldn’t just walk away from this. He realized that he could not turn his back on the fate (命运) of this unknown girl, even if it meant risking his own life. Jim was not a brave man, nor was he athletic (健壮的). Even he himself didn’t quite know where he found the moral courage and physical strength. However, once he was determined to help the girl, he became strangely transformed (转变). He ran behind the bushes and pulled the attacker off the girl, who panicked very much. Seeing Jim prevent him, the attacker became crazy and began to fight with him. Jim became fearless and then fell to the ground, where they wrestled (摔跤) for a few minutes until the attacker jumped up and escaped. Jim felt very tired and he couldn’t catch the attacker. 注意:续写词数应为150个左右。 Watching the attacker run into the darkness, Jim thought of the girl. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ “Dad, is that you?” asked the girl in wonder and amazement as she walked from behind the bushes. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】One possible version: Watching the attacker run into the darkness, Jim thought of the girl. Breathing hard, Jim rose from the ground and walked towards her. The girl was sitting behind the bushes, sobbing. Although in the darkness Jim could hardly see the girl clearly, he could certainly sense her trembling with fear. Not wanting to frighten the girl further, Jim at first spoke to her from a distance. Jim said soothingly that the attacker had run away and she was safe. There was a long pause and then he heard some words from the girl. “Dad, is that you?” asked the girl in wonder and amazement as she walked from behind the bushes. To Jim’s shock, there stood Jim’s youngest daughter, who began crying. Hugging his daughter, Jim also cried. After the police arrived, they told them something about the attacker in detail. He felt it was a right decision to rush to fight with the attacker. Now in his daughter’s eyes, Jim is a brave man and a hero without fearing any danger. 【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了，深夜，吉姆走在灯光昏暗的街道上；当他静静地走着的时候，吉姆听到灌木丛后面传来低沉的尖叫声。就在离吉姆站的地方几码远的地方，一个女孩正在被袭击。他决定帮助那个女孩，与袭击者搏斗的故事。 【详解】1.段落续写： ①由第一段首句内容“看着袭击者跑进黑暗中，吉姆想起了那个女孩。”可知，第一段可描写吉姆安慰那个女孩。 ②由第二段首句内容““爸爸，是你吗?”女孩从灌木丛后面走出来，惊奇地问道。”可知，第二段可描写吉姆认出那个女孩是自己的女儿。 2.续写线索：看着袭击者跑进黑暗——朝女孩走去——安慰女孩——女孩认出吉姆是爸爸——抱着女孩哭了——女儿认为吉姆是最勇敢的人 3.词汇激活 行为类 奔跑：run/ rush 走向：walk toward/ move toward 颤抖：tremble/ shake 情绪类： 哭泣：cry/ weep 【点睛】[高分句型1] Breathing hard, Jim rose from the ground and walked towards her.（运用了现在分词作状语） [高分句型2] Jim said soothingly that the attacker had run away and she was safe.（运用了that引导的宾语从句与过去完成时） 思维素养提升 Task 1写作项目——Write an opinion essay 本单元的写作任务是写一篇阐述自己观点的议论文。议论文是一种剖析事物、论述事理、发表意见、提出主张的文体。议论文应该观点明确、论据充分、语言精练、论证合理，有严密的逻辑性。议论文的结构一般有引论、本论和结论三部分。引论用来提出论点，即开门见山地描述现象或表明立场；本论进一步论证阐述论点；结论用来表达自己的观点或提出解决问题的办法。可以利用列提纲思维导图来构思，请选择一篇你感兴趣的议论文阅读语篇，尝试用思维导图绘制出文章脉络吧！ Task 2 （23-24高二上·全国·课后作业）假设你是李华，最近你班就“使用手机的利与弊”进行了讨论，请根据讨论结果，写一封信向校报编辑反映此事。 赞成的理由 反对的理由 你的看法 联系他人便利; 获得更多的学习资源。 沉溺手机; 浏览不健康网站。 …… 注意：1.词数80左右; 2．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数; 3．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 Dear Editor， ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Your， Li Hua 【答案】Dear Editor, Recently our class has had a discussion about whether the cellphone benefits us or not. Some students have a preference for cellphones. Cellphones make it more convenient to keep in touch with friends and relatives. The instant/Instantly they switch on cellphones, they can obtain relevant learning resources. Nevertheless, there are some students who are opposed to/oppose using cellphones too much. So addicted to cellphones are many students that they keep those around them at a distance. Besides, with many unhealthy websites on the Internet, they will suffer a lot physically and mentally. Personally, I advocate that all the students (should) combine using cellphones with face­-to-face communication. Yours, Li Hua 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生就你班“使用手机的利与弊”讨论结果给校报编辑写封信。其内容包括赞成的理由、反对的理由以及考生自己的观点。 【详解】1.词汇积累 能够：can →be able to 很多：many→plenty of 疏远：keep sb at a distance →draw oneself away from sb 而且：besides →moreover 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：Some students have a preference for cellphones. Cellphones make it more convenient to keep in touch with friends and relatives. 拓展句：Some students have a preference for cellphones, believing that cellphones make it more convenient to keep in touch with friends and relatives. 【点睛】【高分句型1】Recently our class has had a discussion about whether the cellphone benefits us or not.（运用了whether引导的宾语从句） 【高分句型2】 Nevertheless, there are some students who are opposed to/oppose using cellphones too much.（运用了who引导的定语从句） $$