UNIT 3 Section Ⅵ Writing Workshop to Check Your Progress(Word练习)-【精讲精练】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第一册（北师大版2019）

Ⅰ.阅读理解 A Plastics are amazing materials，which are widely used in our daily life. Besides，they're often cheap to make. About 8.3 billion metric tons of plastic have been produced to date. That's about 1,400 times the weight of the Great Pyramid of Giza. Some of that plastic is still in use. But about 5.8 billion metric tons have been thrown away. All that plastic waste is an environmental scourge(祸根). Only about 9 percent of plastic waste has been recycled. Another 12 percent has been burned. The remaining 79 percent wound up in landfills or in nature. And that plastic，like a single Lego block，takes a long time to decompose(分解). Plastic litters the world from the highest mountaintop to the deepest seafloor. Many animals mistake this rubbish for food. If they get full，these animals may forget to eat real food and suffer. Plastic rubbish in the oceans also leaves birds，turtles and other wildlife in a jam. Big pieces of plastic aren't the only problem. Abandoned plastic can break into tiny bits called microplastics. Winds blow these bits far and wide. Ocean currents can spread them throughout the sea. These pollutants build up inside animals. They also get into our food and drinking water. Each American is likely to consume more than 70,000 microplastic pieces per year. Right now，no one knows what risk that might bring. Scientists have some ideas about how to clean up this mess. The Ocean Cleanup is developing cleanup systems to fish out plastic pieces from the Great Pacific Garbage Patch. Microbes or mealworms with an appetite for plastic might someday eat the garbage. And new nanotechnology (纳米技术) could help microplastics decompose in the environment. But many of these plans are still far from effective so far. The best way to help Earth right now is to stop buying so much plastic—and then throwing it out—in the first place. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了塑料污染的现状、带来的后果以及可能的应对方案。 1．What does the Lego block show about plastic waste? A．It is hard to break down. B．Little of it has been burned. C．It is easy to pile up. D．Most of it ends up in landfills. 解析　A　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“And that plastic，like a single Lego block，takes a long time to decompose(分解)．”可知，像乐高积木那样的塑料垃圾很难分解。故选A。 2．How might the plastic rubbish influence animals? A．By starving them. B．By reducing their food. C．By piling up in their homes. D．By changing the environment. 解析　A　推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Many animals mistake this rubbish for food. If they get full，these animals may forget to eat real food and suffer.”可知，许多动物会将塑料垃圾当成食物吃掉，吃饱后，它们可能会忘记吃真正的食物，这最终很可能导致它们饿死。故选A。 3．What is the author's attitude to the present methods of cleaning plastic waste? A．Opposed.　　　　　 B．Supportive. C．Indifferent. D．Doubtful. 解析　D　观点态度题。根据最后一段中的“But many of these plans are still far from effective so far.”可知，作者对现行的清理塑料垃圾的方案持怀疑态度。故选D。 4．Why does the author write the text? A．To criticize plastic production. B．To suggest ways to handle plastic. C．To advocate environmental protection. D．To introduce the state of plastic pollution. 解析　D　写作意图题。 本文作者先用数据说明塑料污染的严重性，接着说明它对生物的危害，最后呼吁人们不要买那么多塑料制品。由此推知，作者写作本文旨在向人们介绍塑料污染的现状。故选D。 B Endangered polar bears are breeding(繁殖) with grizzly bears(灰熊)，creating “pizzly” bears，which is being driven by climate change，scientists say. As the world warms and Arctic sea ice thins，starving polar bears are being forced ever further south，where they meet grizzlies，whose ranges are expanding northwards. And with that growing contact between the two come increasing hybrids(杂交种). With characteristics that could give the hybrids an advantage in warming northern habitats，some scientists guess that they could be here to stay.“Usually，hybrids aren't better suited to their environments than their parents，but these hybrids are able to search for a broader range of food sources，” Larisa DeSantis，an associate professor of biological sciences at Vanderbilt University，told Live Science. The rise of “pizzly” bears appears with polar bears' decline: their numbers are estimated to decrease by more than 30% in the next 30 years. This sudden fall is linked partly to “pizzly” bears taking up polar bears' ranges，where they outcompete them，but also to polar bears' highly specialized diets. “Polar bears mainly consumed soft foods even during the Medieval Warm Period，a previous period of rapid warming，” DeSantis said，referring to fat meals such as seals. “Although all of these starving polar bears are trying to find alternative food sources，like seabird eggs，it could be a tipping point for their survival.” Actually，the calories they gain from these sources do not balance out those they burn from searching for them. This could result in a habitat ready for the hybrids to move in and take over，leading to a loss in biodiversity if polar bears are replaced. “We're having massive impacts with climate change on species，” DeSantis said. “The polar bear is telling us how bad things are. In some sense，‘pizzly’ bears could be a sad but necessary compromise given current warming trends.” [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了由于气候变暖，濒危北极熊正在与灰熊一起繁殖，创造出“小灰熊”，杂交的“小灰熊”数量正在增加，这说明全球气候正在变得更糟糕。 5．Why do polar bears move further south? A．To create hybrids. B．To expand territory. C．To relieve hunger. D．To contact grizzlies. 解析　C　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“As the world warms and Arctic sea ice thins，starving polar bears are being forced ever further south”可知，北极熊向南迁移是为了缓解饥饿。故选C。 6．What makes “pizzly” bears adapt to natural surroundings better than their parents? A．Broader habitats. B．More food options. C．Climate preference. D．Improved breeding ability. 解析　B　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“but these hybrids are able to search for a broader range of food sources”可知，更多的食物选择让“小灰熊”比它们的父母更能适应自然环境。故选B。 7．What does the underlined phrase “a tipping point” in paragraph 5 refer to? A．A critical stage. B．A rare chance. C．A positive factor. D．A constant change. 解析　A　词义猜测题。根据画线词下文可知，事实上，它们从这些食物中获得的热量并不能抵消它们在寻找这些食物时消耗的热量。这可能导致一个栖息地被“小灰熊”接管，结合画线部分所在句，a tipping point应理解为“转折点”，相当于a critical stage(关键阶段)。故选A。 8．What's the main idea of the text? A．Polar bears are changing diets for climate change. B．Polar bears have already adjusted to climate change. C．“Pizzly” bears have replaced polar bears for global warming. D．“Pizzly” bears are on the rise because of global warming. 解析　D　主旨大意题。根据前两段内容和倒数第二段最后一句可知，由于全球变暖，“小灰熊”的数量正在上升。故选D。 Ⅱ.完形填空 Molai grew up in a tiny village in India.The village lay near some wetlands which became his second 1 .He learned the value and beauty of 2 there from a very young age. When he was 16, Molai began to notice something 3 happening around his home.A flood had hit the area earlier that year and the 4 it caused had driven away a number of birds. 5 ， the number of snakes had declined as well.He 6 that it was because there weren't enough trees to protect them from the 7 .The solution, of course, was to plant trees so the animals could seek 8 during the daytime.He turned to the 9 department for help but was told that nothing would grow there.However, Molai went looking on his own and 10 a nearby island where he began to plant trees. 11 young plants in the dry season was 12 for a lone boy.Molai built at the 13 of each sapling (幼树) a bamboo platform, where he placed earthen pots with small holes to 14 rainwater.The water would then drip (滴落) on the plants below. Molai 15 to plant trees for the next 37 years.His efforts have resulted in 1,360 acres of naturally­grown land that has become home to many plants and animals. [语篇解读]　本文讲述了印度的莫莱从16岁时开始坚持在他家附近的一个小岛上种树，几十年如一日，最终将其变成了动植物的天堂的故事。 1．A.dream B．job C．home D．choice 解析　C　根据文章第一句可知，莫莱在印度的一个小乡村长大；再结合后文他坚持种树许多年可知，他把这个村子周围的湿地当成自己的第二个家。home意为“家”，符合语境。dream意为“梦想”；job意为“工作”；choice意为“选择”。 2．A.nature B．youth C．culture D．knowledge 解析　A　根据语境可知，设空处后的there指前文所提到的wetlands，由此推断他从小在那里了解到大自然的价值和美丽。nature意为“大自然”，符合语境。youth意为“青春；朝气”；culture意为“文化”；knowledge意为“知识”。 3．A.precious B．interesting C．disturbing D．awkward 解析　C　根据后文“A flood had hit the area earlier that year...driven away a number of birds...the number of snakes had declined...”可知，莫莱注意到他家周围发生了一些令人不安的事情。disturbing意为“令人不安的”，符合语境。precious意为“宝贵的；珍贵的”；interesting意为“有趣的”；awkward意为“令人尴尬的；使人难堪的”。 4．A.waste B．tension C．pain D．damage 解析　D　本句中，it指代前文提到的“A flood(洪水)”，再结合设空处后的“had driven away a number of birds”可知，此处指洪水造成的破坏。damage意为“破坏；伤害”，符合语境。waste意为“浪费；废物”；tension意为“紧张；紧张局势”；pain意为“疼痛；痛苦”。 5．A.Besides B．However C．Therefore D．Otherwise 解析　A　前文提到了洪水带来的破坏之一是许多鸟儿被赶走了，设空处后谈到洪水带来的另一个破坏——蛇的数量减少。besides意为“此外”，符合语境。however意为“然而”；therefore意为“因此”；otherwise意为“否则”。 6．A.agreed B．realized C．remembered D．predicted 解析　B　根据设空处后的“it was because there weren't enough trees to protect them”可知，此处指莫莱根据所观察到的现象，意识到造成鸟被赶走和蛇的数量减少的原因。realize意为“意识到”，符合语境。agree意为“同意”；remember意为“记得；回想起”；predict意为“预言”。 7．A.noise B．heat C．disease D．dust 解析　B　根据语境可知，莫莱意识到在当地鸟被赶走和蛇的数量减少的原因是没有足够的树来保护它们。根据常识可知，树可以为动物提供阴凉处，使它们免受高温。heat意为“热的环境；高温”，符合语境。noise意为“噪声”；disease意为“疾病”；dust意为“灰尘；尘埃”。 8．A.directions B．partners C．help D．shelter 解析　D　根据语境可知，莫莱认为解决的办法就是种更多的树，使动物们在白天能找到躲避阳光的地方。shelter意为“庇护；遮蔽”，符合语境。direction意为“方向”；partner意为“合伙人”；help意为“帮助”。 9．A.labor B．police C．forest D．finance 解析　C　根据设空处后的“nothing would grow there”及常识可知，莫莱想要种树，因此向某部门寻求帮助，但对方答复他那里无法生长任何东西，由此推断他求助的应是负责管理森林的部门。forest意为“森林”，符合语境。labor意为“工人；劳动”；police意为“警察”；finance意为“财政；金融”。 10．A.rebuilt B．discovered C．left D．managed 解析　B　根据语境可知，在被告知湿地上不可能生长任何东西后，莫莱并未放弃，而是继续寻找，最终在附近发现了一个荒岛，并开始在那里种树。discover意为“发现”，符合语境。rebuild意为“重建”；leave意为“离开”；manage意为“努力完成(困难的事)”。 11．A.Decorating B．Observing C．Watering D．Guarding 解析　C　根据设空处后的“in the dry season”及后文提到的莫莱收集雨水的方法可知，此处指莫莱在旱季给幼苗浇水。water意为“给……浇水”，符合语境。decorate意为“装饰”；observe意为“观察到；注意到”；guard意为“保卫；看守”。 12．A.tough B．illegal C．fantastic D．beneficial 解析　A　根据常识可知，对于一个男孩来说，在旱季为幼苗浇水是很困难的事。tough意为“艰难的；棘手的”，符合语境。illegal意为“非法的；违法的”；fantastic意为“极好的”；beneficial意为“有利的；有用的”。 13．A.back B．top C．foot D．side 解析　B　根据后文“The water would then drip on the plants below.”可推断，莫莱是在每棵幼树的顶部建了一个竹子的平台，在那里放一些有小孔的陶罐收集雨水。top意为“顶部；上面”，符合语境。back意为“后面；背部”；foot意为“底部”；side意为“一边”。 14．A.cool down B．keep off C．purify D．collect 解析　D　根据语境可知，莫莱将有小孔的陶罐放置于幼树顶部的竹子平台上是为了收集雨水。collect意为“收集”，符合语境。cool down意为“(使)冷却下来”；keep off意为“使……不接近”；purify意为“净化”。 15．A.returned B．learned C．failed D．continued 解析　D　根据设空处后的“plant tree for the next 37 years”可推断，莫莱又坚持种了37年的树。continue意为“继续”，符合语境。return意为“返回；回来”；learn意为“学习”；fail意为“失败；未能(做到)”。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$