UNIT 3 Section Ⅴ Lesson 3(Word练习)-【精讲精练】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第一册（北师大版2019）

Ⅰ.阅读理解 A For some people，walking or running outdoors is a great way to work out.What may not be so pleasant is seeing trash all over the ground.Well, some people are doing something about it.They are plogging! “Plogging” began in Sweden.The name combines the Swedish word “plocka”， which means to pick up, and the word “jogging”， which means to run slowly.A Swedish man named Erik，started the movement in 2016.On the World Environment Day website, Erik said that he moved to Stockholm from a small community in northern Sweden.Each day he would ride his bike to work.Concerned about the amount of trash and litter he saw each day on his way to work, he took matters into his own hands. Plogging, by that term, may have officially begun in Sweden.But many people who exercise outdoors have been doing this for years.Take Jeff Horowitz for example.He is a personal trainer in Washington, D．C.He often picks up trash while running outside.He even has turned it into a game; he will try to pick up the trash without stopping.“I didn't know it was an international movement, really.This is just my personal ethic (行为准则)．When I go for a run and happen to see a piece of garbage lying around within reach，it will be a kind of a little test for me to see if I can grab it and throw it in a near trash can without stopping.And that way, I think, it gives me a little exercise and a little focus for my run.And it helps clean up the neighborhood，” he announced. Today, plogging is an official activity, one that is becoming increasingly popular.Cities around the world now hold plogging events.“I would just hope people would think twice before dropping a piece of garbage on the ground.We have containers that seem on every block.So, it's easy to put your garbage in the trash cans.I just think people should think about it a little bit more.I do hope one day there will not be a need for plogging，” said an interviewee. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了一项新的环保运动——拾荒慢跑。此运动开始于瑞典，参加运动的人边慢跑边捡起地上的垃圾，意在倡导人们保护环境，养成不乱扔垃圾的好习惯。 1．Which of the following can replace the underlined phrase “took matters into his own hands” in Paragraph 2 ? A．called on people to join him B．appealed to people to go green C．began to pick up the trash D．had the collected trash recycled 解析　C　词义猜测题。根据上文中的“Concerned about the amount...his way to work”可知，画线部分表示他自己来处理这件事，即开始捡垃圾。 2．What does the example of Jeff Horowitz tell us? A．Plogging comes naturally to joggers who care about the environment. B．Plogging is an easy way to protect the environment. C．It doesn't make any sense to you without picking up trash when jogging. D．It is better to clean up the neighborhood by plogging. 解析　A　推理判断题。根据第三段中的“I didn't know...This is just my personal ethic(行为准则). When...without stopping”可知，对Jeff Horowitz来说，捡起垃圾已经成为一件无意识的、习以为常的事情。 3．What idea are the plogging events meant to promote ? A．Jogging is truly beneficial. B．Trash cans should be within one's reach. C．Littering is not acceptable. D．Communities should be kept clean. 解析　C　推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“I would just hope...on the ground”可知，拾荒慢跑运动旨在促进“乱丢垃圾是不可接受的”这一想法。 4．What can be a suitable title for the passage? A．New Exercise Enjoys Unbelievable Popularity B．A New Exercise Trend Also Helps Environment C．Plogging—a Fashionable Way to Clear Waste Away D．Plogging—Exercise Originating in Sweden 解析　B　标题归纳题。结合文章内容可知，本文主要介绍了拾荒慢跑这一新的运动风潮有助于保护环境。 B Have you ever wondered what wild animals do when no one is watching? Low­cost, dependable and small modern cameras offered big help.Cameras placed in hard­to­reach places have shot everything from small desert cats to larger snow cats in the northern Rocky Mountains.Scientists have been able to document the “private”moments of wildlife with leading technology. Grant Harris is a government biologist at the United States Fish and Wildlife Service in Albuquerque, New Mexico.In his words，“There's no doubt that these wild cameras are important tools to learn new information on wildlife.” Harris said some images help scientists see the influences of climate (气候) change. Researchers with the Wyoming Migration Initiative, or WMI, are using wild cameras along with Global Positioning System or GPS.But WMI director Matthew Kauffman says as those devices are limited，so is the amount of information they can gather.However, cameras can be left in very wild areas for days，weeks or even months.They can provide information on how many animals are moving over a given period of time. Putting those cameras in place requires careful planning.Wild videos can show details about animal behaviour.However, wild cameras have their problems too.Animals such as wolverines and bears sometimes attack them.Scientists do not know if the attacks are the result of anger or interest.Also, the devices have become popular tools to help hunters look for animals.Some people argue that it is unfair to use the cameras that way. Even with such problems, wild cameras are clearly important scientific tools in researching wild animals. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一种新型的野外摄像机，它是研究野生动物的重要工具，文中还介绍了它的使用所带来的问题。 5．What does the underlined word “document” in Paragraph 2 mean? A．Remind.　　　　　 B．Enrich. C．Produce. D．Record. 解析　D　词义猜测题。根据画线词上文的“Cameras placed in hard­to­reach places have shot everything from small desert cats to larger snow cats in the northern Rocky Mountains.”可知，这种新型摄像机能拍摄很多动物，从沙漠中的小型猫科动物到落基山脉北部的大型雪地猫科动物。由此可推断出，科学家们是利用这种新型摄像机“记录”野生动物的生活。故选D项。 6．Which is a disadvantage of wild cameras? A．They cannot be left in the wild over a long period. B．They cannot be placed in hard­to­reach areas. C．They provide limited information. D．They might be stolen by people. 解析　C　细节理解题。根据第四段中的“But WMI director Matthew Kauffman says as those devices are limited，so is the amount of information they can gather.”可知，这些设备是有限的，所以它们可以收集的信息量也是有限的。由此可知，野外摄像机的缺点是它们能够提供的信息是有限的。故选C项。 7．Why do some people argue against using wild cameras? A．It is difficult to fix the cameras. B．They help hunters find animals easily. C．It is hard to achieve careful planning. D．They make animals interested in them. 解析　B　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“Also，the devices have become popular tools to help hunters look for animals.Some people argue that it is unfair to use the cameras that way.”可知，有些人反对使用野外摄像机是因为它们能帮助猎人很容易地找到动物。故选B项。 8．What is the author's attitude towards wild cameras? A．Doubtful. B．Supporting. C．Uncertain. D．Uninterested. 解析　B　推理判断题。根据最后一段“Even with such problems，wild cameras are clearly important scientific tools in researching wild animals.”可知，作者认为即使野外摄像机存在着一些问题，但它们显然是研究野生动物的重要科学工具。由此可推断出，作者对野外摄像机的态度是支持的。故选B项。 Ⅱ.七选五 A recent study in the journal Marine Ecology Progress Series has a great influence when it comes to the question of how sharks will interact with humans as climate change continues to worsen. It predicts a world where humans and sharks will encounter more often than the present case. Contrary to popular media descriptions that speak ill of sharks，humans will not be in that much trouble when this happens. 1 ，in which millions of innocent sharks are the big losers due to human activity beyond their control. First，let's explore why sharks and humans will probably be running into each other's world more often. One reason is the field of urban ecology and，specifically，how different species respond when they come across humans. 2 ；think of raccoons(浣熊) that search for food from rubbish and pigeons(鸽子) that stay on statues in major cities all over the planet. On the other hand，there are urban avoiders，or animals that avoid major cities out of self­protection； 3 . The researchers initially believed that sharks would also be urban avoiders. 4 . Scientists learned that space use patterns of tracked sharks were consistent with that of urban adapters. 5 . The reality，however，is that humans have driven sharks to the edge of extinction while shark attacks on people remain quite rare. Humans are not sharks' preferred prey(猎物)，and the likelihood of increased human­shark interactions causes far more of a threat to sharks than to humans. A．Surprisingly，that's not the case B．It will instead be a heartbreaking tragedy C．Humans have a long lasting fear against sharks D．Therefore，they think the sharks won't get too close to us E．Large animals like wolves and mountain lions fall into this category F．Tigers and lions are so dangerous that we keep them away from our cities G．If a species thinks its members can get along just great with us，they are known as urban adapters [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了随着气候的继续恶化，为什么鲨鱼和人类可能会更频繁地闯入对方的世界，以及这会给鲨鱼带来更大的威胁。 1．解析　B　选项B“相反，这将是一场令人心碎的悲剧”与上文形成转折关系，讲述与上文相反的情况，并引出下文“in which millions of innocent sharks are the big losers due to human activity beyond their control”鲨鱼将面临的悲惨境地。故选B。 2．解析　G　选项G“如果一个物种认为它的成员可以与我们相处得很好，那么它们被称为城市适应者”承接上文，讲某个物种遇到人类可能的反应，并引出下文对城市适应者——浣熊与鸽子的描述。G选项中“urban adapters”对应下文“urban avoiders”。故选G。 3．解析　E　选项E“像狼和山狮这样的大型动物就属于这一类”承接上文“On the other hand，there are urban avoiders，or animals that avoid major cities out of self­protection”，具体举例狼和山狮，说明避开大城市的城市回避型动物。故选E。 4．解析　A　选项A“令人惊讶的是，事实并非如此”与上文“The researchers initially believed that sharks would also be urban avoiders.”形成转折关系，表明鲨鱼并非城市回避者，并引出下文“Scientists learned that space use patterns of tracked sharks were consistent with that of urban adapters.”，讲明鲨鱼其实是城市适应者。故选A。 5．解析　C　选项C“人类对鲨鱼有着持久的恐惧”与下文形成转折关系，表明人类虽害怕鲨鱼，但却对鲨鱼造成了巨大的威胁，突出一种强烈的对比感。故选C。 Ⅲ.语法填空 The cheetah (猎豹)，an expert hunter, sits 1. (silent) atop a hill and scans the herds of feeding animals looking for the perfect prey (猎物)．Finding a target, it moves quietly through the grass until it is close enough 2. (know) it can get its reward. The cheetah is perfectly built for the kill.Its coloring helps it to disappear into the landscape to avoid 3. (see)．And its speed over a short distance, the fastest in the animal world, 4. (allow) it to chase (追逐) its target.Once the prey is killed, the cheetah pulls the carcass (尸体)to a safe place, even 5. (pull) it up into a tree to stop other predators(捕食性动物)from stealing 6. . However, the cheetah is also a highly 7. (endanger) animal.Once found throughout Asia and Africa, cheetahs today are racing toward 8. (extinct)．Loss of habitat and declining numbers of their prey threaten the future of cheetahs.To change the fall in cheetah numbers, animal lovers are taking measures to protect them.9. addition, conservation groups are encouraging local farmers to protect cheetahs 10. come to their land.It will be a sad day if this beautiful animal disappears from our planet. [语篇解读]　本文介绍了世界上短距离跑得最快的动物——猎豹，包括它的捕食方式等，同时告诉我们猎豹面临灭绝的危险。 1．解析　考查副词。句意：猎豹，一个专业的猎手，静静地坐在山顶上，扫视着数群正在进食的动物，寻找完美的猎物。本空修饰动词sits，故应用副词silently “静静地”。 答案　silently 2．解析　考查不定式。句意：一找到目标，它会静静地在草丛中移动，直到它离目标足够近，近到可以知道自己能得到回报。enough to do sth意为“足够做某事”，故本空应用不定式。 答案　to know 3．解析　考查固定结构及动词的语态。句意：它的颜色有助于它融入周围环境中，以避免被看到。avoid doing sth避免做某事。it(the cheetah)与see为被动关系，故填being seen。 答案　being seen 4．解析　考查时态及主谓一致。句意：它在短距离内的速度是动物世界中最快的，这使得它可以追逐自己的目标。根据前后文可知，本句应用一般现在时；本句主语为its speed。故本空动词应用一般现在时的第三人称单数形式。 答案　allows 5．解析　考查非谓语动词。句意：一旦猎物被杀死，猎豹就会把尸体拖到安全的地方，甚至会把尸体拖到树上，以防止其他捕食性动物偷走它。本句主语the cheetah和动词pull之间为逻辑上的主动关系，故应用现在分词作状语。 答案　pulling 6．解析　考查代词。根据句意可知，本空应用代词it指代前面提到的the carcass。 答案　it 7．解析　考查形容词。句意：然而，猎豹也是一种非常濒危的动物。本空修饰名词animal，故应用形容词endangered“濒临灭绝的”。 答案　endangered 8．解析　考查名词。句意：曾经发现猎豹遍布亚洲和非洲，如今正濒临灭绝。本空在介词toward后，故应用名词extinction“灭绝”。 答案　extinction 9．解析　考查固定短语。句意：此外，保护团体鼓励当地农民保护进入他们土地的猎豹。in addition意为“另外，此外”，故本空应填介词In。 答案　In 10．解析　考查定语从句。本空引导定语从句，修饰cheetahs，在从句中作主语，故填that或which。 答案　that/which 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$