UNIT 3 Section Ⅲ Grammar(Word练习)-【精讲精练】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第一册（北师大版2019）

Ⅰ.阅读理解 A (2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)When John Todd was a child, he loved to explore the woods around his house, observing how nature solved problems. A dirty stream, for example, often became clear after flowing through plants and along rocks where tiny creatures lived. When he got older, John started to wonder if this process could be used to clean up the messes people were making. After studying agriculture, medicine, and fisheries in college, John went back to observing nature and asking questions. Why can certain plants trap harmful bacteria (细菌)? Which kinds of fish can eat cancer­causing chemicals? With the right combination of animals and plants, he figured, maybe he could clean up waste the way nature did. He decided to build what he would later call an eco­machine. The task John set for himself was to remove harmful substances from some sludge (污泥). First, he constructed a series of clear fiberglass tanks connected to each other. Then he went around to local ponds and streams and brought back some plants and animals. He placed them in the tanks and waited. Little by little, these different kinds of life got used to one another and formed their own ecosystem. After a few weeks, John added the sludge. He was amazed at the results. The plants and animals in the eco­machine took the sludge as food and began to eat it! Within weeks, it had all been digested, and all that was left was pure water. Over the years, John has taken on many big jobs. He developed a greenhouse­like facility that treated sewage (污水) from 1,600 homes in South Burlington. He also designed an eco­machine to clean canal water in Fuzhou, a city in southeast China. “Ecological design” is the name John gives to what he does. “Life on Earth is kind of a box of spare parts for the inventor，” he says. “You put organisms in new relationships and observe what's happening. Then you let these new systems develop their own ways to self­repair.” [语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。John Todd从小就喜欢观察大自然，并被自然的自净能力折服。大学时期经过专业的学习之后，John通过实验找到了合适的生态组合，发明出了“生态设计”，并解决了很多实际的污水净化问题。 1．What can we learn about John from the first two paragraphs? A．He was fond of traveling. B. He enjoyed being alone. C．He had an inquiring mind. D．He longed to be a doctor. 解析　C　推理判断题。根据第一段中的“observing how nature solved problems” 和“When he got older, John started to wonder if this process could be used to clean up the messes people were making.”和第二段中的“John went back to observing nature and asking questions.”以及第二段中的两个问题可以看出，John是一个喜欢刨根问底、喜欢探索的人，故C项正确。long to do sth“渴望做某事”。 2．Why did John put the sludge into the tanks? A．To feed the animals. B．To build an ecosystem. C．To protect the plants. D．To test the eco­machine. 解析　D　推理判断题。根据第三段中的“The task John set for himself was to remove harmful substances from some sludge (污泥)．..placed them in the tanks”可知，John修建水箱是为了清理污泥中的有害物质，为此，他在水箱里放了一些动植物。第四段中的“all that was left was pure water”表明了将污泥放入水箱之后的变化。据此可以推断，John在水箱里放入污泥是为了检验他的生态机器的效果，故D项正确。 3．What is the author's purpose in mentioning Fuzhou? A．To review John's research plans. B．To show an application of John's idea. C．To compare John's different jobs. D．To erase doubts about John's invention. 解析　B　推理判断题。上文讲到了John的发明成功了，根据第五段的中心句“Over the years，John has taken on many big jobs.”可知，多年来，John做了很多重大的工作。本段提到净化福州的运河水是为了举例说明John的发明及其理念在实践中的应用，故B项正确。A“为了回顾John的研究计划”；B“为了展示John的理念的实际应用”；C“为了比较John的不同工作”；D“为了消除对John的发明的怀疑”。 4．What is the basis for John's work? A．Nature can repair itself. B．Organisms need water to survive. C．Life on Earth is diverse. D．Most tiny creatures live in groups. 解析　A　细节理解题。本文主要围绕John的疑问“A dirty stream, for example, often became clear after flowing through plants and along rocks where tiny creatures lived...if this process could be used to clean up the messes people were making.”展开，即一条肮脏的溪流在穿过植物和流过微生物居住的岩石后，往往会变得清澈，这个过程是否可以用来清理人们制造的脏乱呢？正是在这个疑问的指引下，John发明了“生态设计”，因此，John发明的根源就在于自然的自我修复能力，且最后一段中的“Then you let these new systems develop their own ways to self­repair.”也印证了John的工作依据就在于“自我修复”这一理念，故A项正确。 B As climate change becomes severe summer after summer，millions of people are finding themselves covered in wildfire smoke，including those in North America just this past month. It is bad for our health. It is also really disturbing，but we don't talk about that as much. We often use the terms “atmosphere” or “climate” to refer to the mood of a situation. We use metaphors(比喻) to describe affective states，such as “feeling under the weather” or “on cloud nine”. Such language suggests that we understand that human emotions are intimately related to the atmospheric phenomena. Yet rarely do we pay attention to the ways we feel climate change. But wildfire smoke shows how affective climate change can be. For example，wildfire smoke is often referred to using emotional phrases such as “air of dread”. Through living with the smoke and the panic it generates，we can think more carefully about the ways we experience climate change，and crucially，why and how we need to respond to it. We often think of climate change impacts as far away，separate from our bodies，because science typically uses global representations and statistical information. But wildfire smoke spreads and pollutes our bodies，and indeed，crosses many other boundaries；it drifts from rural areas into big cities；it crosses state and national borders with ease. Of course，some borders are more permeable(渗透的)，and some bodies more sensitive to the smoke. Through its ability to pass through and become part of our very being，wildfire smoke is closer in nature to the air pollution we normally think of as one of the causes of climate change. Wildfire smoke is both an impact and a cause of climate change. It explains the nature of climate change impacts and the self­reinforcing(自我强化) feedback circles that can，and may，lead to the planet warming itself independent of human actions. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了气候变化导致野火不断，其产生的烟雾加强了人们对气候变化的认识。 5．What can we learn about people's reaction to climate change? A．They are curious about it. B．They take it very seriously. C．They feel powerless about it. D．They pay little attention to it. 解析　D　推理判断题。根据第一段的“It is bad for our health. It is also really disturbing，but we don't talk about that as much.”和第二段最后一句可知，虽然气候变化会造成野火，且其产生的烟雾会对人们的健康造成损害，但人们很少谈论它，也很少关注对于气候变化的感受。故选D。 6．What does the underlined word “intimately” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Closely.　　　　 B．Naturally. C．Certainly. D．Unexpectedly. 解析　A　词义猜测题。根据第二段前两句可知，人们经常使用“空气”或“气候”之类的词汇来指代某种情况下的情绪，经常用比喻来描述情感状态。再结合画线词所在句可知，这种语言表明我们知道人类的情绪与大气现象有着非常密切的关系。由此可知，画线词intimately与closely“密切的”意思相近。故选A。 7．What does the author think of wildfire smoke? A．It allows people to sense climate change. B．It does great harm to people's health. C．It influences people's mood. D．It attracts scientists' deep concerns worldwide. 解析　A　推理判断题。根据第三段第一、三句可推知，作者认为野火烟雾让人们确切地感受到了气候变化带来的影响。故选A。 8．Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A．Why Smoke from Wildfires Harms Us B．How We Can Observe Climate Change C．What Smoke from Wildfires Can Teach Us D．What We Can Do to Avoid Smoke from Wildfires 解析　C　标题归纳题。根据第一段以及下文可知，文章主要介绍了气候变化导致野火不断，其产生的烟雾加强了人们对气候变化的认识。由此可知，C项“野火产生的烟雾能教会我们什么”最适合作为文章的标题。故选C。 Ⅱ.七选五 If you want to have a garden full of life and motion, you have to attract some wildlife. It's not as difficult as it may sound.Your garden will attract insects, bugs, birds and mammals (哺乳动物)． 1 You will make yourself happy and at the same time you will provide a living space for these beautiful creatures.All you need to do is to follow the advice below and you will have the garden of your dreams.If you think your garden has to be messy and untidy, you're wrong.You need waves, long­living plants, strong curves of hedges (树篱) and paths.It's advisable to have the grass. 2 Provide water.It's important to provide water.Some animals can use even your pool to have a bath.Bees love shallow water. 3 It's vital to change the water in your pond regularly to avoid breeding mosquitoes. Provide food. 4 Planting native plants is what you have to do in order to attract wildlife.Plants like roses, honeysuckle and lavender attract different insects like bees and butterflies.Humming birds are fans of fuchsia and geraniums.Trees and shrubs that produce fruits, berries and seeds are good sources of food for your little friends. Provide some shelters for wildlife.You need to plant evergreen plants, too, because they are a suitable place for wildlife to take shelter. 5 Some species will overtake your garden and make it unfriendly.If there are wild cats that threaten the wildlife in your garden, it would be wise to take steps to keep those out. A．Keep attacking species away. B．Kill attacking species once it appears. C．It's reasonable to keep native species. D．This can be as simple as placing a bird feeder. E．You can have a fountain and a small artificial pond. F．Silence won't bother you anymore and you won't be alone. G．It's important to provide everything animals will need to live in your garden. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了几个让花园充满活力和生机的技巧。 1．解析　F　根据设空处前一句“Your garden will attract insects，bugs，birds and mammals.”可知，你的花园会吸引很多生物，F项(你再不会感受到寂静和孤单)承接上文，故选F项。 2．解析　G　根据设空处前两句“You need waves，long­living plants，strong curves of hedges and paths.It's advisable to have the grass.”可知，此处是说你的花园里需要有长寿的植物、树篱、小径和草。G项(提供动物在你的花园里生活所需的一切是很重要的)承接上文，符合语境。故选G项。 3．解析　E　根据设空处前文中的“It's important to provide water.Some animals can use even your pool to have a bath.Bees love shallow water.”可知，很多动物需要水，因此你需要准备水，所以E项(你可以建造一个喷泉和一个小型人工池塘)符合语境。E项中的pond与设空处后一句中的pond相呼应。故选E项。 4．解析　D　本段主题句为“Provide food.”，所以设空处的内容应与食物相关，D项中的bird feeder与本段主题呼应。故选D项。 5．解析　A　设空处为本段主题句。根据本段内容可知一些物种不友好，所以要把它们赶走，A项中的Keep...away与后文中的keep...out相呼应。故选A项。 Ⅲ.语法填空 There may be a new species of fox­like cats.Wildlife rangers(护林员)from France's National Hunting and Wildlife Agency located 16 of the 1. (rare) seen golden striped(有条纹的)creatures in mountainous areas of a French island. The cats are 2. (big)and more aggressive than a typical house cat and have highly developed teeth and large, ringed tails.Because of the 3. (appear)，they are known locally as the “cat­fox”．The creature hunts at night and, from the looks,4. (be) just thrilled by all of the attention.The cat could have originated in Africa or the Middle East thousands of years ago,5. (belong) to an ancient species.“By looking at the DNA，we could tell it 6. the European wildcat.It's close to the African forest cat; however,7. isn't determined is its exact identity，” Pierre Benedetti, who works as the chief environmental technician of the National Hunting and Wildlife Agency, said. The first “cat­fox”8. (catch) non­violently by the rangers in 2016,9. the tales of the forest animal have circulated around the island for generations.The rangers hope by studying and tagging the animals, they can get the “cat­fox”10. (protect)in the next few years. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了法国护林员在2016年发现的“狐猫”。 1．解析　设空处修饰作定语的过去分词seen，所以用副词形式，故填rarely 答案　rarely 2．解析　此处应用形容词作表语，结合and more aggressive than 可知，设空处应填形容词比较级，故填bigger。 答案　bigger 3．解析　根据空前的定冠词the可知，设空处应填一个名词作介词短语Because of的宾语，此处指“狐猫”的“露面”，故填appearance。 答案　appearance 4．解析　and连接两个并列谓语，根据第一个谓语hunts可知，句子是一般现在时，主语The creature是单数，故填is。 答案　is 5．解析　belong在此应用非谓语动词作状语，与主语The cat之间是逻辑上的主动关系，所以应用现在分词，故填belonging。 答案　belonging 6．解析　句意为：通过查看DNA，我们可以把它和欧洲野猫区分开来。tell...from...意为“把……和……区分开”，是固定短语，故填from。 答案　from 7．解析　 isn't determined在此是一个主语从句，引导词在从句中作主语，表示“……的东西”，应用what引导，故填what。 答案　what 8．解析　catch在此是谓语动词，与主语是被动关系，结合时间状语in 2016可知，此处应使用一般过去时的被动语态，故填was caught。 答案　was caught 9．解析　设空处缺少连词，前后两个分句之间是转折关系，应用but或yet连接，故填but/yet。 答案　but/yet 10．解析　protect在此应用非谓语动词作宾语补足语，与宾语the “cat­fox”之间是逻辑上的被动关系，所以应用过去分词，故填protected。 答案　protected 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$