UNIT 3 Section Ⅲ Grammar(Word教参)-【精讲精练】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第一册（北师大版2019）

Section Ⅲ　Grammar 限制性和非限制性定语从句 一、基本概念 定语从句，也叫关系从句、形容词性从句，通常跟在一个名词或代词后，对这个名词或代词进行修饰、限定或对词句进行补充、说明， 被修饰的词叫作先行词。定语从句由关系词(关系代词、关系副词)引导，关系词放在先行词与定语从句之间起连接作用，同时又作从句中的一个成分。引导定语从句的关系代词有：that，who，whom，whose，which；关系副词有：when，where，why。 二、语法规则 (一)限制性定语从句 限制性定语从句，是对先行词从本质或特征上进行限制的一种定语从句，它所修饰的词代表一个(些)或一类特定的人或事、物。限制性定语从句与被修饰词之间的关系密切，对其起限定作用，因此不可缺少，否则会影响全句的意义。限制性定语从句前不用逗号。引导限制性定语从句的关系代词有：who，whom，that，which，whose；关系副词有：where，when，why。 The gift (that/which) I gave to her is a pet dog. 我给她的那份礼物是一只宠物狗。 (the gift在后面从句中相当于gave的宾语成分，所以关系代词that/which可以省略。) A man who is lazy can't learn much. 一个懒的人学不了多少东西。 (a man在后面从句中相当于主语成分，所以who不能省略。) They are the people whose houses were destroyed in the earthquake. 他们是房子在地震中被摧毁的那些人。 This is the place where/in which my father works. 这是我爸爸工作的地方。 She still remembered the days when/during which she was studying in China. 她仍然记得在中国学习的那一段日子。 Could you give me the reason why/for which you was late for school? 你能给我解释一下你为什么迟到吗？ [即学活用1] 单句语法填空 ①September 1st is the day when students go back to school after a summer vocation. ②I don't like the way that you treat animals. ③The reason why he won the first place in the competition is that not only did he follow the teacher's advice, but also he trained hard. ④We had a woman patient who/that was recovering from a knee replacement operation. ⑤If you look at all sides of the situation，you'll find probably a solution which/that suits everyone. ⑥By opening a novel，I can leave behind my burdens and enter into a wonderful and mysterious world where I am now a new character. ⑦There are several reasons why school uniforms are a good idea.First of all，uniforms help the school look smart. ⑧He lives in the room whose door is broken. (二)非限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句对被修饰词不能对其起限定作用，而是提供有用的补充。在口语中用停顿表示，在书面表达中用逗号与句子的其他部分分开，因此句中的关系代词不能省略。引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词有：who，whom，which，whose，as；关系副词有：where，when。 I gave her a gift，which is a pet dog. 我给了她一份礼物，是一只宠物狗。 (先行词为物，引导非限制性定语从句时，用which而不用that。) He didn't win the championship，which I hadn't expected. 他没获得冠军，这一点是我没预料到的。(which引导非限制性定语从句可以指代前面的先行词，也可以指代前面整个句子的含义。) He is a lazy man，who can't learn much. 他很懒，学不了什么东西。 He was eager to go to the hospital to see his stepmother，whom he loved and respected as his own mother. 他急于想去医院看望他的继母，他把他的继母当作自己的母亲一样热爱和尊敬。 After graduation，I decided to stay in Chongqing，where I spent my childhood and four years of college life. 毕业后，我决定留在重庆，在那里我曾度过了我的童年和四年大学生活。 He will come here tomorrow，when he will be free. 他明天有空的时候会来这里。 [即学活用2] 单句语法填空 ①We finally got to the village where we saw rows of newly­built houses. ②His movie won several awards at the film festivals，which was beyond his wildest dream. ③It was a great joy to work with all these people, every one of whom is such a nice person. ④His English，which used to be very poor is now excellent. ⑤My life as a tax­paying employed person began in middle school，when，for three whole days，I worked in a baking factory. ⑥Dr.Rowan，whose secretary resigned two weeks ago，has had to do all his own typing. ⑦She introduced me her husband，whom I hadn't met before. ⑧We visited the small village，where the world champion was brought up. (三)限制性和非限制性定语从句的区别 定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句两种，它们在形式、内容、作用、关系词等方面均有一定的区别。 1．作用不同 (1)限制性定语从句对被修饰的先行词有限定制约作用，使该词的含义更具体、更明确。限制性定语从句不能被省略，否则句意就不完整。 He works in a factory that (which) makes TV sets. 他在一家电视机厂工作。 That's the hotel where we were staying last summer. 这就是我们去年夏天住的旅馆。 A child whose parents are dead is called an orphan. 双亲都去世了的孩子叫作孤儿。 The man whom you spoke to just now is our English teacher. 刚刚和你说话的那个男人是我们的英语老师。 (2)非限制性定语从句与先行词关系不十分密切，只是对其作一些附加说明，不起限定制约作用。如果将非限制性定语从句省去，主句的意义仍然完整。 The house，which I bought，has a lovely garden. 我买的房子带着个漂亮的花园。 She introduced me to her husband，whom I hadn't met before. 她把我介绍给她丈夫，这人我以前没见过。 This is George，whose class you will be taking. 这是乔治，你将接他的班。 2．形式不同 限制性定语从句因与先行词关系密切，所以不可以用逗号将其与主句隔开；而非限制性定语从句与先行词关系不十分密切，所以可用逗号将其与主句隔开。 Do you remember the girl who taught us English? 你还记得教我们英语的那个女孩吗？ Clock is a kind of instrument which can tell people time. 钟表是一种能够告诉人们时间的仪器。 This is the place where he used to live. 这就是他过去居住的地方。 Mr.Zhang, who came to see me yesterday, is an old friend of mine. 张先生昨天来看我，他是我的一位老朋友。 We walked down the village street, where they were having market day. 我们沿着村里的大街向前走去，村民们正在那里赶集。 3．内容不同 大多数限制性和非限制性定语从句的先行词往往为某一个词或短语，而特殊情况下非限制性定语从句的先行词也可为整个主句，此时非限制性定语从句常由 which 引导。 A five­year­old boy can speak two foreign languages, which surprises all the people present. 一个五岁男孩会讲两门外语，这令所有在场的人感到非常惊讶。 【分析】　由语境可知，令所有在场的人感到惊讶的内容是“一个五岁男孩会讲两门外语”这整件事，因此先行词为整个主句，此时应由 which 引导非限制性定语从句。 4．关系词的使用情况有所不同 (1) that 不可用于引导非限制性定语从句 所有关系代词和关系副词均可引导限制性定语从句，大多数关系代词和关系副词可引导非限制性定语从句，但 that 不可。 ①他送给他母亲一台彩电作为生日礼物，这使她非常高兴。 误：He gave his mother a color TV set for her birthday, that pleased her a lot. 正：He gave his mother a color TV set for her birthday, which pleased her a lot. ②他没通过这次考试，令我很失望。 误：He didn't pass the exam, that disappointed me. 正：He didn't pass the exam, which disappointed me. 值得注意的是，只有which才能引导非限制性定语从句，这个观点是不正确的。使用非限制性定语从句时，如果先行词指人，则用 who, which 或 whose 引导非限制性定语从句；先行词指物可用 which 引导非限制性定语从句；先行词表示时间或地点且在从句中作时间状语或地点状语时，可用 when, where 引导非限制性定语从句。 We'll graduate in July, when we will be free. 我们将于七月份毕业，到那时我们就自由了。 Last Sunday they reached Nanjing, where a conference was to be held. 他们上周日到达南京，有个会议要在那里举行。 (2)关系代词替代情况不同 关系代词 whom 在限制性定语从句中作宾语时可用 who 代替 whom ，但 whom 在非限制性定语从句中作宾语时不可用 who 来代替。 This is the girl whom I met in the street. 这是我在街上遇到的那个女孩。 【分析】　先行词the girl在限制性定语从句中作宾语，可用who代替whom。 A young man had a new friend，whom he wanted to impress. 一个年轻人交了一个新朋友，他想给他留下深刻的印象。 【分析】　先行词 a new friend 在非限制性定语从句中作宾语，不可用 who 代替 whom。 在限制性定语从句中，先行词指人时可用 that 代替 who/whom ，但在非限制性定语从句中先行词指人时，不可用 that 代替 who/whom。 (3)关系代词省略情况不同 关系代词在限制性定语从句中作宾语时可以省去，非限制性定语从句的所有关系词均不可省。 This is the book (which/that) he lost yesterday. 这就是他昨天丢的那本书。 【分析】　先行词 the book 在限制性定语从句中作宾语，关系代词 which 或 that 可以省略。 The book, which he lost yesterday, has been found. 他昨天丢了这本书，现在已找到了。 【分析】　先行词 the book 在非限制性定语从句中作宾语，关系代词 which 不可省。 [即学活用3] 单句语法填空 ①She heard a terrible noise，which brought her heart into her mouth. ②Some of the roads were flooded，which makes our journey more difficult. ③I'll find a nice girl，whom I want to marry. ④I'll come at ten，when I'll be free. ⑤This is the factory that/which I visited yesterday. ⑥I still remember the days when I worked in Beijing. Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．The council didn't tell the reason why the meeting was canceled. 2．The town has only two hotels，neither of which serves breakfast. 3．They have been into a situation where they must take immediate measures. 4．Mary was late for class again，which made the teacher incredibly annoyed. 5．The time when I first met Nelson Mandela was a very difficult period for me. 6．Creating an atmosphere where employees feel part of a team is a big challenge. 7．They built shelters for the people whose houses were destroyed in the typhoon. 8．As is known to everybody，the moon travels round the earth once every month. 9．Can you lend me the collection of essays that/which is edited by Ellen Knight? 10．Happiness and success often come to those who are good at recognizing their own strength. Ⅱ.完成句子 1．The room，whose window faces south (窗户朝南)，is accessible to cars. 2．The boy will never forget the day when he stayed at home alone (他独自在家)． 3．As is mentioned above (正如上面提到的)，few people are total winners or losers. 4．There are fifty students in our class，two thirds of whom are girls (其中三分之二是女生)． 5．Everything depends on the way that/in which we treat them (我们看待它们的方式)． 6．Anyone who breaks the rules (违反规则的) will be punished. 7．I will never forget the day when we visited the Great Wall(我们参观长城)． 8．The residents，whose houses were destroyed in the big fire(房屋在大火中被毁的)，were given help by the government. Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．(2023·全国乙卷)But for all its ancient buildings, Beijing is also a place which/that welcomes the fast­paced development of modern life, with 21st­century architectural wonders standing side by side with historical buildings of the past. 2．(2023·全国甲卷) Yet，the form of the fable still has values today，as Rachel Carson says in “A Fable for Tomorrow”． 3．(2023·全国甲卷) “There was once a town in the heart of America where all life seemed to enjoy peaceful co­existence with its surroundings，” her fable begins，borrowing some familiar words from many age­old fables. 4．On the 1,100­kilometer journey, the man Cao Shengkang, who lost his eyesight at the age of eight in a car accident, crossed 40 cities and counties in three provinces. 5．Many lessons are now available online, from which students can choose for free. 6．China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot where it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth. 7．Dr. Rowan, whose secretary resigned two weeks ago, has had to do all his own typing. 8．His nephew finished college at the age of 15，which I found hard to believe. 9．She didn't tell me the reason why she refused the offer. 10．We shouldn't spent our money testing so many people，most of whom are healthy. Ⅱ.语法填空 Every year，at the end of October, tens of thousands of people flock to a Buddhist temple in China to see a huge gingko biloba tree (银杏树) drop its foliage (枝叶) and turn 1.the temple from green to gold. The Gu Guanyin Buddhist temple, 2.located(locate) in the Zhongnan Mountains of China's Shaanxi Province is home 3.to a 1,400­year­old gingko biloba tree.It was planted for the Tang dynasty (618—907) emperor Li Shimin, 4.who is one of the 5.greatest(great) rulers in Chinese history.It towers superbly over the temple,6.and for a few days every autumn，it rains down a gold carpet of 7.leaves(leaf) that stands out against the muted tones of the season.Because of its 8.striking(strike) appearance, it has been called the world's most beautiful gingko biloba tree, and 9.has become(become) a tourist attraction in its own right. Due to the increasing 10.popularity (popular) of its ancient gingko biloba tree, the Gu Guanyin Buddhist temple has reportedly increased daily visitor capacity to around 7,200 ，between 8 in the morning until 5 in the afternoon. Ⅰ.阅读理解 A (2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)When John Todd was a child, he loved to explore the woods around his house, observing how nature solved problems. A dirty stream, for example, often became clear after flowing through plants and along rocks where tiny creatures lived. When he got older, John started to wonder if this process could be used to clean up the messes people were making. After studying agriculture, medicine, and fisheries in college, John went back to observing nature and asking questions. Why can certain plants trap harmful bacteria (细菌)? Which kinds of fish can eat cancer­causing chemicals? With the right combination of animals and plants, he figured, maybe he could clean up waste the way nature did. He decided to build what he would later call an eco­machine. The task John set for himself was to remove harmful substances from some sludge (污泥). First, he constructed a series of clear fiberglass tanks connected to each other. Then he went around to local ponds and streams and brought back some plants and animals. He placed them in the tanks and waited. Little by little, these different kinds of life got used to one another and formed their own ecosystem. After a few weeks, John added the sludge. He was amazed at the results. The plants and animals in the eco­machine took the sludge as food and began to eat it! Within weeks, it had all been digested, and all that was left was pure water. Over the years, John has taken on many big jobs. He developed a greenhouse­like facility that treated sewage (污水) from 1,600 homes in South Burlington. He also designed an eco­machine to clean canal water in Fuzhou, a city in southeast China. “Ecological design” is the name John gives to what he does. “Life on Earth is kind of a box of spare parts for the inventor，” he says. “You put organisms in new relationships and observe what's happening. Then you let these new systems develop their own ways to self­repair.” [语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。John Todd从小就喜欢观察大自然，并被自然的自净能力折服。大学时期经过专业的学习之后，John通过实验找到了合适的生态组合，发明出了“生态设计”，并解决了很多实际的污水净化问题。 1．What can we learn about John from the first two paragraphs? A．He was fond of traveling. B. He enjoyed being alone. C．He had an inquiring mind. D．He longed to be a doctor. 解析　C　推理判断题。根据第一段中的“observing how nature solved problems” 和“When he got older, John started to wonder if this process could be used to clean up the messes people were making.”和第二段中的“John went back to observing nature and asking questions.”以及第二段中的两个问题可以看出，John是一个喜欢刨根问底、喜欢探索的人，故C项正确。long to do sth“渴望做某事”。 2．Why did John put the sludge into the tanks? A．To feed the animals. B．To build an ecosystem. C．To protect the plants. D．To test the eco­machine. 解析　D　推理判断题。根据第三段中的“The task John set for himself was to remove harmful substances from some sludge (污泥)．..placed them in the tanks”可知，John修建水箱是为了清理污泥中的有害物质，为此，他在水箱里放了一些动植物。第四段中的“all that was left was pure water”表明了将污泥放入水箱之后的变化。据此可以推断，John在水箱里放入污泥是为了检验他的生态机器的效果，故D项正确。 3．What is the author's purpose in mentioning Fuzhou? A．To review John's research plans. B．To show an application of John's idea. C．To compare John's different jobs. D．To erase doubts about John's invention. 解析　B　推理判断题。上文讲到了John的发明成功了，根据第五段的中心句“Over the years，John has taken on many big jobs.”可知，多年来，John做了很多重大的工作。本段提到净化福州的运河水是为了举例说明John的发明及其理念在实践中的应用，故B项正确。A“为了回顾John的研究计划”；B“为了展示John的理念的实际应用”；C“为了比较John的不同工作”；D“为了消除对John的发明的怀疑”。 4．What is the basis for John's work? A．Nature can repair itself. B．Organisms need water to survive. C．Life on Earth is diverse. D．Most tiny creatures live in groups. 解析　A　细节理解题。本文主要围绕John的疑问“A dirty stream, for example, often became clear after flowing through plants and along rocks where tiny creatures lived...if this process could be used to clean up the messes people were making.”展开，即一条肮脏的溪流在穿过植物和流过微生物居住的岩石后，往往会变得清澈，这个过程是否可以用来清理人们制造的脏乱呢？正是在这个疑问的指引下，John发明了“生态设计”，因此，John发明的根源就在于自然的自我修复能力，且最后一段中的“Then you let these new systems develop their own ways to self­repair.”也印证了John的工作依据就在于“自我修复”这一理念，故A项正确。 B As climate change becomes severe summer after summer，millions of people are finding themselves covered in wildfire smoke，including those in North America just this past month. It is bad for our health. It is also really disturbing，but we don't talk about that as much. We often use the terms “atmosphere” or “climate” to refer to the mood of a situation. We use metaphors(比喻) to describe affective states，such as “feeling under the weather” or “on cloud nine”. Such language suggests that we understand that human emotions are intimately related to the atmospheric phenomena. Yet rarely do we pay attention to the ways we feel climate change. But wildfire smoke shows how affective climate change can be. For example，wildfire smoke is often referred to using emotional phrases such as “air of dread”. Through living with the smoke and the panic it generates，we can think more carefully about the ways we experience climate change，and crucially，why and how we need to respond to it. We often think of climate change impacts as far away，separate from our bodies，because science typically uses global representations and statistical information. But wildfire smoke spreads and pollutes our bodies，and indeed，crosses many other boundaries；it drifts from rural areas into big cities；it crosses state and national borders with ease. Of course，some borders are more permeable(渗透的)，and some bodies more sensitive to the smoke. Through its ability to pass through and become part of our very being，wildfire smoke is closer in nature to the air pollution we normally think of as one of the causes of climate change. Wildfire smoke is both an impact and a cause of climate change. It explains the nature of climate change impacts and the self­reinforcing(自我强化) feedback circles that can，and may，lead to the planet warming itself independent of human actions. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了气候变化导致野火不断，其产生的烟雾加强了人们对气候变化的认识。 5．What can we learn about people's reaction to climate change? A．They are curious about it. B．They take it very seriously. C．They feel powerless about it. D．They pay little attention to it. 解析　D　推理判断题。根据第一段的“It is bad for our health. It is also really disturbing，but we don't talk about that as much.”和第二段最后一句可知，虽然气候变化会造成野火，且其产生的烟雾会对人们的健康造成损害，但人们很少谈论它，也很少关注对于气候变化的感受。故选D。 6．What does the underlined word “intimately” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Closely.　　　　 B．Naturally. C．Certainly. D．Unexpectedly. 解析　A　词义猜测题。根据第二段前两句可知，人们经常使用“空气”或“气候”之类的词汇来指代某种情况下的情绪，经常用比喻来描述情感状态。再结合画线词所在句可知，这种语言表明我们知道人类的情绪与大气现象有着非常密切的关系。由此可知，画线词intimately与closely“密切的”意思相近。故选A。 7．What does the author think of wildfire smoke? A．It allows people to sense climate change. B．It does great harm to people's health. C．It influences people's mood. D．It attracts scientists' deep concerns worldwide. 解析　A　推理判断题。根据第三段第一、三句可推知，作者认为野火烟雾让人们确切地感受到了气候变化带来的影响。故选A。 8．Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A．Why Smoke from Wildfires Harms Us B．How We Can Observe Climate Change C．What Smoke from Wildfires Can Teach Us D．What We Can Do to Avoid Smoke from Wildfires 解析　C　标题归纳题。根据第一段以及下文可知，文章主要介绍了气候变化导致野火不断，其产生的烟雾加强了人们对气候变化的认识。由此可知，C项“野火产生的烟雾能教会我们什么”最适合作为文章的标题。故选C。 Ⅱ.七选五 If you want to have a garden full of life and motion, you have to attract some wildlife. It's not as difficult as it may sound.Your garden will attract insects, bugs, birds and mammals (哺乳动物)． 1 You will make yourself happy and at the same time you will provide a living space for these beautiful creatures.All you need to do is to follow the advice below and you will have the garden of your dreams.If you think your garden has to be messy and untidy, you're wrong.You need waves, long­living plants, strong curves of hedges (树篱) and paths.It's advisable to have the grass. 2 Provide water.It's important to provide water.Some animals can use even your pool to have a bath.Bees love shallow water. 3 It's vital to change the water in your pond regularly to avoid breeding mosquitoes. Provide food. 4 Planting native plants is what you have to do in order to attract wildlife.Plants like roses, honeysuckle and lavender attract different insects like bees and butterflies.Humming birds are fans of fuchsia and geraniums.Trees and shrubs that produce fruits, berries and seeds are good sources of food for your little friends. Provide some shelters for wildlife.You need to plant evergreen plants, too, because they are a suitable place for wildlife to take shelter. 5 Some species will overtake your garden and make it unfriendly.If there are wild cats that threaten the wildlife in your garden, it would be wise to take steps to keep those out. A．Keep attacking species away. B．Kill attacking species once it appears. C．It's reasonable to keep native species. D．This can be as simple as placing a bird feeder. E．You can have a fountain and a small artificial pond. F．Silence won't bother you anymore and you won't be alone. G．It's important to provide everything animals will need to live in your garden. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了几个让花园充满活力和生机的技巧。 1．解析　F　根据设空处前一句“Your garden will attract insects，bugs，birds and mammals.”可知，你的花园会吸引很多生物，F项(你再不会感受到寂静和孤单)承接上文，故选F项。 2．解析　G　根据设空处前两句“You need waves，long­living plants，strong curves of hedges and paths.It's advisable to have the grass.”可知，此处是说你的花园里需要有长寿的植物、树篱、小径和草。G项(提供动物在你的花园里生活所需的一切是很重要的)承接上文，符合语境。故选G项。 3．解析　E　根据设空处前文中的“It's important to provide water.Some animals can use even your pool to have a bath.Bees love shallow water.”可知，很多动物需要水，因此你需要准备水，所以E项(你可以建造一个喷泉和一个小型人工池塘)符合语境。E项中的pond与设空处后一句中的pond相呼应。故选E项。 4．解析　D　本段主题句为“Provide food.”，所以设空处的内容应与食物相关，D项中的bird feeder与本段主题呼应。故选D项。 5．解析　A　设空处为本段主题句。根据本段内容可知一些物种不友好，所以要把它们赶走，A项中的Keep...away与后文中的keep...out相呼应。故选A项。 Ⅲ.语法填空 There may be a new species of fox­like cats.Wildlife rangers(护林员)from France's National Hunting and Wildlife Agency located 16 of the 1. (rare) seen golden striped(有条纹的)creatures in mountainous areas of a French island. The cats are 2. (big)and more aggressive than a typical house cat and have highly developed teeth and large, ringed tails.Because of the 3. (appear)，they are known locally as the “cat­fox”．The creature hunts at night and, from the looks,4. (be) just thrilled by all of the attention.The cat could have originated in Africa or the Middle East thousands of years ago,5. (belong) to an ancient species.“By looking at the DNA，we could tell it 6. the European wildcat.It's close to the African forest cat; however,7. isn't determined is its exact identity，” Pierre Benedetti, who works as the chief environmental technician of the National Hunting and Wildlife Agency, said. The first “cat­fox”8. (catch) non­violently by the rangers in 2016,9. the tales of the forest animal have circulated around the island for generations.The rangers hope by studying and tagging the animals, they can get the “cat­fox”10. (protect)in the next few years. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了法国护林员在2016年发现的“狐猫”。 1．解析　设空处修饰作定语的过去分词seen，所以用副词形式，故填rarely 答案　rarely 2．解析　此处应用形容词作表语，结合and more aggressive than 可知，设空处应填形容词比较级，故填bigger。 答案　bigger 3．解析　根据空前的定冠词the可知，设空处应填一个名词作介词短语Because of的宾语，此处指“狐猫”的“露面”，故填appearance。 答案　appearance 4．解析　and连接两个并列谓语，根据第一个谓语hunts可知，句子是一般现在时，主语The creature是单数，故填is。 答案　is 5．解析　belong在此应用非谓语动词作状语，与主语The cat之间是逻辑上的主动关系，所以应用现在分词，故填belonging。 答案　belonging 6．解析　句意为：通过查看DNA，我们可以把它和欧洲野猫区分开来。tell...from...意为“把……和……区分开”，是固定短语，故填from。 答案　from 7．解析　 isn't determined在此是一个主语从句，引导词在从句中作主语，表示“……的东西”，应用what引导，故填what。 答案　what 8．解析　catch在此是谓语动词，与主语是被动关系，结合时间状语in 2016可知，此处应使用一般过去时的被动语态，故填was caught。 答案　was caught 9．解析　设空处缺少连词，前后两个分句之间是转折关系，应用but或yet连接，故填but/yet。 答案　but/yet 10．解析　protect在此应用非谓语动词作宾语补足语，与宾语the “cat­fox”之间是逻辑上的被动关系，所以应用过去分词，故填protected。 答案　protected 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$