UNIT 3 Section Ⅲ Grammar(课件PPT)-【精讲精练】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第一册（北师大版2019）

UNIT 3　CONSERVATION Section Ⅲ　Grammar 返回目录 UNIT 3　CONSERVATION 英语•选择性必修　第一册(配BSD版) 1 目 录 语法精讲·技能培养 01 CONTENTS 03 课时作业·知能达标 02 随堂演练·巩固提升 返回目录 UNIT 3　CONSERVATION 英语•选择性必修　第一册(配BSD版) 1 语法精讲·技能培养 01 返回目录 UNIT 3　CONSERVATION 英语•选择性必修　第一册(配BSD版) 1 返回目录 UNIT 3　CONSERVATION 英语•选择性必修　第一册(配BSD版) 1 返回目录 UNIT 3　CONSERVATION 英语•选择性必修　第一册(配BSD版) 1 返回目录 UNIT 3　CONSERVATION 英语•选择性必修　第一册(配BSD版) 1 when that why who/that 返回目录 UNIT 3　CONSERVATION 英语•选择性必修　第一册(配BSD版) 1 which/that where why whose 返回目录 UNIT 3　CONSERVATION 英语•选择性必修　第一册(配BSD版) 1 返回目录 UNIT 3　CONSERVATION 英语•选择性必修　第一册(配BSD版) 1 返回目录 UNIT 3　CONSERVATION 英语•选择性必修　第一册(配BSD版) 1 返回目录 UNIT 3　CONSERVATION 英语•选择性必修　第一册(配BSD版) 1 where which whom which when 返回目录 UNIT 3　CONSERVATION 英语•选择性必修　第一册(配BSD版) 1 whose whom where 返回目录 UNIT 3　CONSERVATION 英语•选择性必修　第一册(配BSD版) 1 返回目录 UNIT 3　CONSERVATION 英语•选择性必修　第一册(配BSD版) 1 返回目录 UNIT 3　CONSERVATION 英语•选择性必修　第一册(配BSD版) 1 返回目录 UNIT 3　CONSERVATION 英语•选择性必修　第一册(配BSD版) 1 返回目录 UNIT 3　CONSERVATION 英语•选择性必修　第一册(配BSD版) 1 返回目录 UNIT 3　CONSERVATION 英语•选择性必修　第一册(配BSD版) 1 返回目录 UNIT 3　CONSERVATION 英语•选择性必修　第一册(配BSD版) 1 返回目录 UNIT 3　CONSERVATION 英语•选择性必修　第一册(配BSD版) 1 返回目录 UNIT 3　CONSERVATION 英语•选择性必修　第一册(配BSD版) 1 返回目录 UNIT 3　CONSERVATION 英语•选择性必修　第一册(配BSD版) 1 返回目录 UNIT 3　CONSERVATION 英语•选择性必修　第一册(配BSD版) 1 返回目录 UNIT 3　CONSERVATION 英语•选择性必修　第一册(配BSD版) 1 返回目录 UNIT 3　CONSERVATION 英语•选择性必修　第一册(配BSD版) 1 which which whom when that/which when 返回目录 UNIT 3　CONSERVATION 英语•选择性必修　第一册(配BSD版) 1 随堂演练·巩固提升 03 返回目录 UNIT 3　CONSERVATION 英语•选择性必修　第一册(配BSD版) 1 why which where which when where whose 返回目录 UNIT 3　CONSERVATION 英语•选择性必修　第一册(配BSD版) 1 As that/which who 返回目录 UNIT 3　CONSERVATION 英语•选择性必修　第一册(配BSD版) 1 whose window faces south when he stayed at home alone As is mentioned above two thirds of whom are girls that/in which we treat them 返回目录 UNIT 3　CONSERVATION 英语•选择性必修　第一册(配BSD版) 1 who breaks the rules when we visited the Great Wall whose houses were destroyed in the big fire 返回目录 UNIT 3　CONSERVATION 英语•选择性必修　第一册(配BSD版) 1 课时作业·知能达标 04 返回目录 UNIT 3　CONSERVATION 英语•选择性必修　第一册(配BSD版) 1 which/that as where 返回目录 UNIT 3　CONSERVATION 英语•选择性必修　第一册(配BSD版) 1 who which where whose which 返回目录 UNIT 3　CONSERVATION 英语•选择性必修　第一册(配BSD版) 1 why whom 返回目录 UNIT 3　CONSERVATION 英语•选择性必修　第一册(配BSD版) 1 the located to who greatest and leaves striking has become 返回目录 UNIT 3　CONSERVATION 英语•选择性必修　第一册(配BSD版) 1 popularity 返回目录 UNIT 3　CONSERVATION 英语•选择性必修　第一册(配BSD版) 1 点击进入Word 返回目录 UNIT 3　CONSERVATION 英语•选择性必修　第一册(配BSD版) 1 谢谢观看 返回目录 UNIT 3　CONSERVATION 英语•选择性必修　第一册(配BSD版) 1 限制性和非限制性定语从句 一、基本概念 定语从句，也叫关系从句、形容词性从句，通常跟在一个名词或代词后，对这个名词或代词进行修饰、限定或对词句进行补充、说明， 被修饰的词叫作先行词。定语从句由关系词(关系代词、关系副词)引导，关系词放在先行词与定语从句之间起连接作用，同时又作从句中的一个成分。引导定语从句的关系代词有：that，who，whom，whose，which；关系副词有：when，where，why。 二、语法规则 (一)限制性定语从句 限制性定语从句，是对先行词从本质或特征上进行限制的一种定语从句，它所修饰的词代表一个(些)或一类特定的人或事、物。限制性定语从句与被修饰词之间的关系密切，对其起限定作用，因此不可缺少，否则会影响全句的意义。限制性定语从句前不用逗号。引导限制性定语从句的关系代词有：who，whom，that，which，whose；关系副词有：where，when，why。 The gift (that/which) I gave to her is a pet dog. 我给她的那份礼物是一只宠物狗。 (the gift在后面从句中相当于gave的宾语成分，所以关系代词that/which可以省略。) A man who is lazy can't learn much. 一个懒的人学不了多少东西。 (a man在后面从句中相当于主语成分，所以who不能省略。) They are the people whose houses were destroyed in the earthquake. 他们是房子在地震中被摧毁的那些人。 This is the place where/in which my father works. 这是我爸爸工作的地方。 She still remembered the days when/during which she was studying in China. 她仍然记得在中国学习的那一段日子。 Could you give me the reason why/for which you was late for school? 你能给我解释一下你为什么迟到吗？ [即学活用1] 单句语法填空 ①September 1st is the day ____ students go back to school after a summer vocation. ②I don't like the way ____ you treat animals. ③The reason ___ he won the first place in the competition is that not only did he follow the teacher's advice, but also he trained hard. ④We had a woman patient ________ was recovering from a knee replacement operation. ⑤If you look at all sides of the situation，you'll find probably a solution __________ suits everyone. ⑥By opening a novel，I can leave behind my burdens and enter into a wonderful and mysterious world _____ I am now a new character. ⑦There are several reasons ___ school uniforms are a good idea.First of all，uniforms help the school look smart. ⑧He lives in the room _____ door is broken. (二)非限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句对被修饰词不能对其起限定作用，而是提供有用的补充。在口语中用停顿表示，在书面表达中用逗号与句子的其他部分分开，因此句中的关系代词不能省略。引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词有：who，whom，which，whose，as；关系副词有：where，when。 I gave her a gift，which is a pet dog. 我给了她一份礼物，是一只宠物狗。 (先行词为物，引导非限制性定语从句时，用which而不用that。) He didn't win the championship，which I hadn't expected. 他没获得冠军，这一点是我没预料到的。(which引导非限制性定语从句可以指代前面的先行词，也可以指代前面整个句子的含义。) He is a lazy man，who can't learn much. 他很懒，学不了什么东西。 He was eager to go to the hospital to see his stepmother，whom he loved and respected as his own mother. 他急于想去医院看望他的继母，他把他的继母当作自己的母亲一样热爱和尊敬。 After graduation，I decided to stay in Chongqing，where I spent my childhood and four years of college life. 毕业后，我决定留在重庆，在那里我曾度过了我的童年和四年大学生活。 He will come here tomorrow，when he will be free. 他明天有空的时候会来这里。 [即学活用2] 单句语法填空 ①We finally got to the village _____ we saw rows of newly­built houses. ②His movie won several awards at the film festivals，_____ was beyond his wildest dream. ③It was a great joy to work with all these people, every one of ______ is such a nice person. ④His English，_____ used to be very poor is now excellent. ⑤My life as a tax­paying employed person began in middle school，____，for three whole days，I worked in a baking factory. ⑥Dr.Rowan，_______ secretary resigned two weeks ago，has had to do all his own typing. ⑦She introduced me her husband，______ I hadn't met before. ⑧We visited the small village，_______ the world champion was brought up. (三)限制性和非限制性定语从句的区别 定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句两种，它们在形式、内容、作用、关系词等方面均有一定的区别。 1．作用不同 (1)限制性定语从句对被修饰的先行词有限定制约作用，使该词的含义更具体、更明确。限制性定语从句不能被省略，否则句意就不完整。 He works in a factory that (which) makes TV sets. 他在一家电视机厂工作。 That's the hotel where we were staying last summer. 这就是我们去年夏天住的旅馆。 A child whose parents are dead is called an orphan. 双亲都去世了的孩子叫作孤儿。 The man whom you spoke to just now is our English teacher. 刚刚和你说话的那个男人是我们的英语老师。 (2)非限制性定语从句与先行词关系不十分密切，只是对其作一些附加说明，不起限定制约作用。如果将非限制性定语从句省去，主句的意义仍然完整。 The house，which I bought，has a lovely garden. 我买的房子带着个漂亮的花园。 She introduced me to her husband，whom I hadn't met before. 她把我介绍给她丈夫，这人我以前没见过。 This is George，whose class you will be taking. 这是乔治，你将接他的班。 2．形式不同 限制性定语从句因与先行词关系密切，所以不可以用逗号将其与主句隔开；而非限制性定语从句与先行词关系不十分密切，所以可用逗号将其与主句隔开。 Do you remember the girl who taught us English? 你还记得教我们英语的那个女孩吗？ Clock is a kind of instrument which can tell people time. 钟表是一种能够告诉人们时间的仪器。 This is the place where he used to live. 这就是他过去居住的地方。 Mr.Zhang, who came to see me yesterday, is an old friend of mine. 张先生昨天来看我，他是我的一位老朋友。 We walked down the village street, where they were having market day. 我们沿着村里的大街向前走去，村民们正在那里赶集。 3．内容不同 大多数限制性和非限制性定语从句的先行词往往为某一个词或短语，而特殊情况下非限制性定语从句的先行词也可为整个主句，此时非限制性定语从句常由 which 引导。 A five­year­old boy can speak two foreign languages, which surprises all the people present. 一个五岁男孩会讲两门外语，这令所有在场的人感到非常惊讶。 【分析】　由语境可知，令所有在场的人感到惊讶的内容是“一个五岁男孩会讲两门外语”这整件事，因此先行词为整个主句，此时应由 which 引导非限制性定语从句。 4．关系词的使用情况有所不同 (1) that 不可用于引导非限制性定语从句 所有关系代词和关系副词均可引导限制性定语从句，大多数关系代词和关系副词可引导非限制性定语从句，但 that 不可。 ①他送给他母亲一台彩电作为生日礼物，这使她非常高兴。 误：He gave his mother a color TV set for her birthday, that pleased her a lot. 正：He gave his mother a color TV set for her birthday, which pleased her a lot. ②他没通过这次考试，令我很失望。 误：He didn't pass the exam, that disappointed me. 正：He didn't pass the exam, which disappointed me. 值得注意的是，只有which才能引导非限制性定语从句，这个观点是不正确的。使用非限制性定语从句时，如果先行词指人，则用 who, which 或 whose 引导非限制性定语从句；先行词指物可用 which 引导非限制性定语从句；先行词表示时间或地点且在从句中作时间状语或地点状语时，可用 when, where 引导非限制性定语从句。 We'll graduate in July, when we will be free. 我们将于七月份毕业，到那时我们就自由了。 Last Sunday they reached Nanjing, where a conference was to be held. 他们上周日到达南京，有个会议要在那里举行。 (2)关系代词替代情况不同 关系代词 whom 在限制性定语从句中作宾语时可用 who 代替 whom ，但 whom 在非限制性定语从句中作宾语时不可用 who 来代替。 This is the girl whom I met in the street. 这是我在街上遇到的那个女孩。 【分析】　先行词the girl在限制性定语从句中作宾语，可用who代替whom。 A young man had a new friend，whom he wanted to impress. 一个年轻人交了一个新朋友，他想给他留下深刻的印象。 【分析】　先行词 a new friend 在非限制性定语从句中作宾语，不可用 who 代替 whom。 在限制性定语从句中，先行词指人时可用 that 代替 who/whom ，但在非限制性定语从句中先行词指人时，不可用 that 代替 who/whom。 (3)关系代词省略情况不同 关系代词在限制性定语从句中作宾语时可以省去，非限制性定语从句的所有关系词均不可省。 This is the book (which/that) he lost yesterday. 这就是他昨天丢的那本书。 【分析】　先行词 the book 在限制性定语从句中作宾语，关系代词 which 或 that 可以省略。 The book, which he lost yesterday, has been found. 他昨天丢了这本书，现在已找到了。 【分析】　先行词 the book 在非限制性定语从句中作宾语，关系代词 which 不可省。 [即学活用3] 单句语法填空 ①She heard a terrible noise，_______ brought her heart into her mouth. ②Some of the roads were flooded，______ makes our journey more difficult. ③I'll find a nice girl，______ I want to marry. ④I'll come at ten，______ I'll be free. ⑤This is the factory ____________ I visited yesterday. ⑥I still remember the days ______ I worked in Beijing. Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．The council didn't tell the reason ___ the meeting was canceled. 2．The town has only two hotels，neither of _____ serves breakfast. 3．They have been into a situation ______they must take immediate measures. 4．Mary was late for class again，_____ made the teacher incredibly annoyed. 5．The time ____ I first met Nelson Mandela was a very difficult period for me. 6．Creating an atmosphere _____ employees feel part of a team is a big challenge. 7．They built shelters for the people _____ houses were destroyed in the typhoon. 8．__ is known to everybody，the moon travels round the earth once every month. 9．Can you lend me the collection of essays __________ is edited by Ellen Knight? 10．Happiness and success often come to those ___ are good at recognizing their own strength. Ⅱ.完成句子 1．The room，________________________ (窗户朝南)，is accessible to cars. 2．The boy will never forget the day ____________________________ (他独自在家)． 3．_____________________ (正如上面提到的)，few people are total winners or losers. 4．There are fifty students in our class，____________________________ (其中三分之二是女生)． 5．Everything depends on the way ___________________________ (我们看待它们的方式)． 6．Anyone ____________________ (违反规则的) will be punished. 7．I will never forget the day_______________________________(我们参观长城)． 8．The residents，___________________________________________(房屋在大火中被毁的)，were given help by the government. Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．(2023·全国乙卷)But for all its ancient buildings, Beijing is also a place ___________welcomes the fast­paced development of modern life, with 21st­century architectural wonders standing side by side with historical buildings of the past. 2．(2023·全国甲卷) Yet，the form of the fable still has values today，__ Rachel Carson says in “A Fable for Tomorrow”． 3．(2023·全国甲卷) “There was once a town in the heart of America _____ all life seemed to enjoy peaceful co­existence with its surroundings，” her fable begins，borrowing some familiar words from many age­old fables. 4．On the 1,100­kilometer journey, the man Cao Shengkang, ___ lost his eyesight at the age of eight in a car accident, crossed 40 cities and counties in three provinces. 5．Many lessons are now available online, from _____ students can choose for free. 6．China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot _____ it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth. 7．Dr. Rowan, _____ secretary resigned two weeks ago, has had to do all his own typing. 8．His nephew finished college at the age of 15，_____ I found hard to believe. 9．She didn't tell me the reason ___ she refused the offer. 10．We shouldn't spent our money testing so many people，most of _______ are healthy. Ⅱ.语法填空 Every year，at the end of October, tens of thousands of people flock to a Buddhist temple in China to see a huge gingko biloba tree (银杏树) drop its foliage (枝叶) and turn 1.___ temple from green to gold. The Gu Guanyin Buddhist temple, 2.______(locate) in the Zhongnan Mountains of China's Shaanxi Province is home 3.__ a 1,400­year­old gingko biloba tree.It was planted for the Tang dynasty (618—907) emperor Li Shimin, 4.___ is one of the 5.________(great) rulers in Chinese history.It towers superbly over the temple,6.___ for a few days every autumn，it rains down a gold carpet of 7.______(leaf) that stands out against the muted tones of the season.Because of its 8._______(strike) appearance, it has been called the world's most beautiful gingko biloba tree, and 9.__________ (become) a tourist attraction in its own right. Due to the increasing 10.__________ (popular) of its ancient gingko biloba tree, the Gu Guanyin Buddhist temple has reportedly increased daily visitor capacity to around 7,200，between 8 in the morning until 5 in the afternoon. $$