情态动词 讲义-2024届高三英语下学期二轮复习专项

高中语法精讲九<情态动词> 1. 基本语法规则： ① 无人称和数的变化 ② + V原,构成谓语动词 2. dare 和need 特殊用法： dare 作实义动词 放肯定句，dare to do sth（有人称/数的变化） 放否/疑句，dare（to）do sth（有人称/数的变化） dare 作情态动词 放否定句/疑问句/条件句 need 作实义动词 主动：need to do（有人称/数的变化） 被动：need doing （有人称/数的变化） need to be done （有人称/数的变化） need 作情态动词 放否定句/疑问句/条件句 3. 情态动词短语用法： 肯定式 had better do sth used to do sth ought to do sth 否定式 had better not do sth used not to do sth = didn’t use to do ought not to do sth 疑问式 Had sb. better do sth Used sb. not to do sth = Did sb use to do sth Ought sb. to do sth 4. 情态动词表达推测： 推测 现在/将来： ①can/may表“可能” ② can't 表“不可能” ③ must 表“肯定” might/could可能性 < can/may可能性 can’t < couldn’t < may not < might < may< ought to < could < must （可能性排列顺序） can：理论推测，放否/疑句 may：事实预测，放肯定句 could：对过去推测：放肯/否/疑句 should：非常可能的推测 推测过去：情态动词 + have + done must have done .... can’t / couldn’t have done ..... 过去一定做了.... 不可能已经做了.... should have done.... could/may/might have done ..... 本应该做..... 或许已经做....（可能性could > may > might） 5. 含有情态动词推测的反义疑问句：按照原来句子时态情况变化 Eg. He must be at home, isn’t he ? Eg. He must have gone abroad ，hasn't he ? Eg. He must have lost his book yesterday，didn't he ? 6. 情态动词中虚拟语气用法：{必须过去式，如could/might have done} 1. could have done 本可以做.... / couldn’t have done 本不可以做... 2. might have done本有可能做..../ mightn’t have done 本不可能做... 3. should have done本应该做..../ shouldn’t have done 本不应该做... 4. needn't have done 本不必做..... 5. was/ were to have done 本打算做..... 6. would like to have done 本想要做..... 7. would rather have done 本希望做..... 8. Had wanted / planned / meant / hoped / intended + to + do = wanted / planned / meant / hoped / intended to have done..... 7. 情态动词can其他用法： ①表能够 = be able to (有时态，成功做成) ②表惊讶（否/疑/感叹句）Eg. How can you be so rude ? ③ can't ....too/enough....:怎样也不算过分 Eg. You can’t be too careful while crossing the busy street. ④ can't help doing sth.= can't help but do sth.= can't but do sth. “情不自禁做某事” 8. 情态动词may其他用法： May I ...？请求别人，对自己有利 Shall I ...？征求意见，对他人有利 May + 第一/二 人称，表祝福 may/might as well “最好/倒不如”= had better Eg. You might as well stay in bed to have a good rest. may well “很可能”：She may well not want to live alone. 9. 情态动词shall具体用法：表承诺/法律/规章/义务等：“必须” 1. 用于第一人称，陈述将要发生的事情 Eg. I shall go to the city tomorrow. 2. 用于第二/三人称陈述句中，表决心/命令/允诺/威胁/主观意志 3. 用于第一/三人称陈述句中，表征求意见 10. 情态动词should具体用法：（ shall的过去式，表建议/劝告） 1 表现在情况表示吃惊，“竟然”→对过去情况吃惊: should have done 句型：It is surprising/strange/a pity that you should be so foolish. ② 表“万一” 11. 情态动词will具体用法： 1 will + 第一人称，表决心/允诺/威胁/意志： Eg. I’ll kill you sooner or later. 2 will + 第一人称，陈述将要发生的事情 3 If 条件句中，will 表意愿，并非表将来；若要表将来，则 be to... 4 表现在的一种倾向和习惯 5 非人称主语 + won't，表示某物暂时的特性，“不能....” Eg. The window won’t open now. 12. 情态动词would具体用法： 1 表过去某种习惯，倾向，“总是” 2 过去的意志/意图，“愿意” 3 非人称主语 + wouldn't，表示某物暂时的特性，“不能....” 注意：Don't go there; it is too dangerous! ----No, I won’t. (前面否定，No就是Yes，和反义疑问句的理解一样) 14. 情态动词must 用法：（must 的过去式must） ①“偏要”，语气不耐烦 2 表自然规律，必然结果：All man must die. 3 mustn't ：“千万不要 高中语法精讲十<虚拟语气> 1. wish和hope 对比： wish用法 hope 用法 + 宾语从句 （虚拟语气） + 宾语从句 （陈述语气） + 不定式 + 不定式 + 复合宾语/双宾：I wish you a good future. 2. if only和only if 对比： if only用法 only if 用法 翻译：“如果....就好了” 翻译：“只要” ① 对现在情况虚拟，用过去时 ② 对过去情况虚拟，用过去完成时 3. It is about/high time that 从句（过去式 / should + V原） “早该做....了”should 不省略 4. would rather = ’d rather “宁愿” 表示现在/将来的愿望，从句+过去时 例：I’d rather you came tomorrow. 表示与过去相反的愿望，从句+过完 例：I’d rather you had finished it. 真实条件句 （假设的情况可能发生） 虚拟条件句 （对过去/现在/将来假设，情况相反） 陈述语气 虚拟语气 5. 普通虚拟条件句的理解： 具体展开如下： 时间 从句（V）情况 主句（V）情况 与现在相反 过去时 would / should/ could /might do 与将来相反 ① 过去时 ② should do ③ were to do 与过去相反 过去完成时 would / should/ could /might have done 例1: If it weren’t raining so hard ,we would go to the beach. 例2： sank Supposing this ship were to sink, what would we do to save ourselves ? should sink 例3：If the now law had been put into use, the accident wouldn’t have happened . 6. 错综虚拟条件句的理解：主从句时间不一致，具体情况具体分析 从过去，主将来（错综虚拟语气） If they had started in the early morning, they would arrive in half an hour. 从过去，主现在（错综虚拟语气） If they had started in the early morning, they would be there now. 从过去，主过去（普通虚拟语气） If they had started in the early morning, they would have arrived. 7. If 引导的虚拟语气用法：If 引导的虚拟条件句中有were / had / should, 则省略if , 把were / had / should 提到sb前面，用倒装结构。 例1：If it should rain tomorrow，we should have to put off our plan. Should it rain tomorrow，we should have to put off our plan. 例2：If I had catch the first bus, I would not have been late for school. Had I catch the first bus, I would not have been late for school. 8. 条件分句的理解: 真实条件句 非真实条件句 零条件句 第一条件句 第二条件句 第三条件句 客观事实/ 科学理论 可能会发生的 假设/条件 与现在事实相反/ 将来不可能实现的条件 与过去事实相反的条件/假设 主现从现 主将从现 主虚拟从过完 ✦✦注意：在虚拟语气中，用were； 倒装虚拟和if I were you 中，也只用were. Eg. If I were you, I would study harder. 9. 含蓄条件句的理解：（部分句子省略了表示虚拟语气的的词，短语） 表示虚拟语气的词/短语：otherwise/in that case/ with/ without/but for/or/but/even if/even though/as though /as if/. 例1：Without water we could not live on the earth. 例2：But for the storm we would have been there in time. 10. providing/provided “倘若“；作连词，引导条件状语从句，不用虚拟语气。 11. supposing/suppose ”如果，假设”；引导条件状语从句，用虚拟语气或陈述语气。 12. 句型1: If it weren’t for .....如果不是.... (与现在相反) 句型2: If it hadn’t been for .....如果不是.... (与过去相反) 13. 注意：一个句子可以虚拟语气和陈述一起，具体辨别：陈述说的是事实；虚拟语气说的是假设，体现条件从句和主句的谓语动词。 14. （should）+ V原的虚拟语气：表建议/要求 常用（should）+ V原 的动词 Insist 坚持要求 order suggest 建议 demand command urge propose recommend request require prefer ask advise ............... Eg. My father demand that I finish my task first. 注意：insist作“坚持认为”，suggest作“表明/暗示”则陈述语气 常用（should）+ V原 的形容词 necessary natural appropriate advisable preferable advisable crucial important compulsory desirable better urgent essential ............... Eg. It is advisable that I finish my task first. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$