Unit 1 People of Achievement 词汇讲解课件-2024-2025学年高中英语人教版（2019）选择性必修第一册

Word Study 选必1 Unit1 1.vital adj.必不可少的，极其重要的，充满生机的 Artemisinin has become a vital part of the treatment for malaria, and is thought to save 100，000 lives a year in Africa alone. 青蒿素已成为治疗疟疾的重要组成部分，据说每年仅在非洲，就能挽救十万人的生命。 ❈ be vital to sth. /for (doing) sth. 对……至关重要 这些措施对国家安全至关重要。 These measures are vital to national security. 熟练的雇员对任何公司的成功都极为重要。 Skillful employees are vital for the success of any company. 1.vital adj.必不可少的，极其重要的，充满生机的 ❈ It is vital that…(should) do… 重要的是 你独自经营时要准确记录账目，这十分重要。 It is vital that you keep accurate records when you are self-employed. ✸ vitally adv. 至关重要的; 极其; 绝对 教育对国家的未来是极其重要的。 Education is vitally important for the country's future. 2.commit vt.承诺；保证 ❈ commit oneself to do sth. 承诺；保证（做某事、遵守协议或安排等） 双方都承诺和平解决冲突。 Both sides committed themselves to settle the conflicts peacefully. vt.犯（罪/错） ❈ commit oneself to (doing) sth. 答应/致力于/献身于做某事 他把他的一生都献给了服务人民这项事业中。 He committed himself to serving the people all his life. 犯谋杀罪/ 犯罪 / 犯错 commit murder / a crime / a mistake 2.commit ✸ committed adj. 尽心尽力的；坚定的；坚信的 ❈ be committed to (doing) sth. 忠于...；致力于... China is committed to peace, development and cooperation in international affairs. 中国在国际事务中一贯致力于和平，发展与合作。 ✸ commitment n. 保证; 承诺; 献身; 投入 3.distinct adj. 清晰的，清楚的，有区别的 ❈ be distinct from 与……截然不同 The learning needs of the two groups are quite distinct from each other. 这两个组的学习需求截然不同。 ✸ distinctly adv. 清楚地，明显地 ✸ distinction n.差别; 特性; 特质; 杰出; 殊荣 ❈ make a distinction between... 区分开来；区别对待 It is difficult to make a distinction between the meanings of a word. 区分这个词的各种意思有些困难。 ❈ without distinction 无差别地；一视同仁 distinctive a. 独特的 5.acknowledge vt. 承认（比admit更正式） ❈ acknowledge doing sth. 承认做(了)某事 This sunday the team leader delivered a speech and acknowledged being defeated. 星期天，队长发表了一次演讲，承认被打败了。 ❈ acknowledged sb./sth. as… / to be… 承认某人/某事为… He is acknowledged as / to be one of the greatest artists. 他被认为是最伟大的画家之一。 ❈ acknowledge that… 承认…… 对…打招呼；感谢 ❈ It is acknowledged that… 人们普遍认为…… 5.acknowledge vt. 承认（比admit更正式） ❈ in acknowledgement of 作为对……的感谢 ✸ acknowledgement n.承认；感谢；谢礼 对…打招呼；感谢 The flowers were in acknowledgement of your kindness. 这些花聊表谢意，感谢你的好心帮助。 ✸ unacknowledged adj.未得到公开(或正式)承认的;非正式的 This tradition goes totally unacknowledged in official guidebooks. 这种传统在正式的指导手册中根本未得到承认。 6.insist vt.&vi. 坚持；坚决要求 ❈ insist on/upon (doing) sth. 坚持（做）某事 She insisted on going to the cinema alone. 她坚持自己去看电影。 He did not insist upon that point. 他没有坚持那个观点。 ❈ insist + (that) … (should) do sth 强烈要求/坚持…… 我坚持要求被送到农村去工作。 I insist that I should be sent to the countryside to work. insist that意为“强烈要求/坚持…”时，从句用虚拟语气 (should + 动词原形)，其中should可以省略。 6.insist ❈ insist + (that) 从句 坚持说/认为…… 他坚持认为自己是对的。 He insisted that he was right. insist that意为“坚持说/认为...”时，从句内容表示一个事实，用陈述语气，从句谓语按实际需要选择时态 7.conclude vt. 推断出; 得出结论; 结束; 终止 ❈ conclude …with… 以…结束… He concluded his class with a funny story. 他以一个有趣的故事结束了他的课。 ❈ conclude from… that… 从…中得出… We can conclude from the results that the experiment was a failure. 从结果我们可以得出结论：这项实验失败了。 ❈ to conclude 最后 To conclude, I wish you a happy new year. 总之，我祝你们新年快乐。 ✸ conclusion n.结论；推论；结束；结尾[sing.][正式用语] ❈ come to/draw/make a conclusion 得出结论 It is important to draw a conclusion from the facts. 从事实中得出结论很重要。 ❈ in conclusion 最后；总之 In conclusion, walking is a cheap, safe, enjoyable and readily available form of exercise. 总而言之，散步是一种廉价、安全、愉快的锻炼方式，而且随时随地都可以进行。 其他表达：in a word, in brief, all in all, in short, on the whole 8.circumstance n. [C] Our circumstances are so desperate that it is uncertain whether we will ever return alive. 我们的处境如此绝望,我们是否还能活着回来还不确定。 ❆［常用复数］情况；情形 ❆［复数］［正式用语］境况；状况（尤指经济状况） financial/social/personal circumstances 经济状况/社会情况/个人情况 ❈ in / under ... circumstances 在……情况下 这是一个实验模型，所以在任何时候都不要触碰它。 It’s an experimental model, so don’t touch it under any circumstances. ❈ in / under no circumstances 决不 (位于句首用倒装 这是一个实验模型，所以在任何时候都不要触碰它。 辨析：circumstance, environment（都含有“环境”“状况”之意） circumstance 指情况,情形;(the conditions that affect a situation, an event, etc.)，常用复数，表明与某事件或某人有关的环境，情形，情况等，也可指境况,状况;(尤指经济状况)(how much money sb has) We can’t judge what he did until we know all the circumstances. environment 指生活环境,周围状况(the conditions of the place where you are)，尤其指作用和影响生物体的生长，发展和生存的外界物质条件的总和 The twins were separated at birth and brought up in entirely different environment. Under no circumstances should we do terrible things to other people. 10.found v. 创立创办 ✸ founder n.创办者；创始人 ❈注意find和found的过去式，过去分词和现在分词的形式 find - found - found - finding found - founded - founded - founding ✸ foundation n. 基础 11.consequence n. ❈as a consequence = in consequence 结果;因此 She was over the age limit and, as a/in consequence, her application was rejected. 她超出年龄限制,因此她的申请被拒绝了。 [C] 结果；后果 ❈as a consequence of = in consequence of 作为…的结果 My father coughs frequently as a consequence of / in consequence of smoking. 我父亲经常咳嗽是吸烟的结果。 ❈take/suffer/face the consequences (of sth.) 承担/遭受/面临某事的后果 If one does not conform to the law, one must take the consequences. 谁不守法就应该承担后果。 11.consequence n. ❈of little/no consequence 不重要的；无足轻重的 Don’t worry. It’s of little consequence. 别担心。这不重要。 [U][正式用语] 重要（性）；重大 ✸ consequent adj.随之发生的；作为结果的 ✸ consequently adv.结果; 因此 12.sum n.[C] ❈the sum of … …的总和 The sum of two and two is four. 2加2的总和是4。 [常用单数] 总数；总和；全部 ❈in sum 大体上；总之 In sum, he is a man of high principle. 总之，他是个很有原则的人。 算术 ❈do/work/make sums/a sum 计算; 做算术题 do a sum in one’s head 做心算 金额；款项 ❈a large / small sum of 大量/少量 He was left a large sum of money. 有人留了一大笔钱给他。 12.sum v. 总结概括 ❈sum up 总结; 概括; 合计 His speech summed up the present situation of economy. 他的讲话总结了当前的经济形势。 To sum up, for a healthy heart you must take regular exercise and stop smoking. 总而言之，为了心脏健康，你必须经常锻炼并戒烟。 ✸ summary adj.概括的；扼要的 n. [C] 总结；摘要；概要 ❈in summary 总之 ✸ summarize/se vi.&vt.总结；概括；概述 9.construction n. 建造；建筑；建筑物 ❈ (be) under construction 正在建设中; 在施工中 The building under construction was designed by I.M. Pei- a famous Chinese-American architect. 正在建设中的大楼是由著名的美籍华裔建筑师贝聿铭设计的。 ✸ construct vt.建筑；建造；创建；组成 ❈ (be) constructed of/from sth. 由…建成/构成 The tanks were mainly constructed of steel plates. 这些坦克车主要是用钢板制造的。 ✸ constructive adj.建设性的有助益的，积极的 ✸ constructor n.建筑者，制造者 Key Phrases 1.take up (开始)从事；担任 开始处理 接受;答应(提议或挑战) 占用;花费(时间、空间或精力) 占领;占据;占有(位置、阵地) He did not particularly want to take up a competitive sport. I won't take up any more of your time. He will be able to take up his normal routine shortly. It is wise of her to take up the job. Past such as wind, take up all my thoughts. 他并不是特别想从事竞技体育运动。 他不久就能处理日常事务。 她接受那项工作，真是太明智了。 我不再占用你的时间了。 往事如风,占据了我所有的思绪. 对……至关重要 承诺; 答应; 致力于 忠于; 全心全意投入 献身于；忠诚于 与……截然不同 区分开来；区别对待 承认做(了)某事 坚持（做）某事 强烈要求/坚持…… be vital to sth. /for (doing) sth. commit oneself to sth./ do/doing sth. commit to sth. be committed to (doing) sth. be distinct from make a distinction acknowledge doing sth./having done sth. insist on/upon (doing) sth. insist (that) … (should) do sth 得出结论 下结论 最后；总之 决不；无论如何都不 正在建设中; 在施工中 结果;因此 作为…的结果 大体上;总之 总结; 概括; 合计 come to/draw a conclusion make a conclusion in conclusion in / under no circumstances (be) under construction as a consequence/ in consequence as a consequence of = in consequence of in sum / in summary sum up 词形变换 academy - adj.学业的；学术的 n.大学教师 distinct - n.区别；差别；特征；特性 analyse - n.分析 （pl. ) conclude - n.结论；推论 novel - n.小说家 politics - n.从政者；政治家；政客 passion - adj.热情的;热爱的 institute - n.社会公共机构; 制度; 习俗; 团体 consequence - adj.随之发生的; 作为结果的 evaluate - n.评估 academic distinction analysis analyses conclusion novelist politician passionate institution consequent evaluation $$