2024年中考英语复习语法专题：非谓语动词和主谓一致

语法专题:非谓语动词和主谓一致 一、动词不定式 动词不定式可作主语、宾语、定语、状语和宾语补足语，我们主要掌握不定式作宾语、宾语补足语及目的状语的用法。 功能 例句 说明 主语 To swim here is dangerous.在这游泳很危险。 动词不定式作主语时常转化成it作形式主语。 表语 My job is to look after my sister. 多数情况下，动词不定式作表语，可转换成作主语。 宾语 I want to be an actor.我想成为一名演员。 只能作某些动词的宾语，一般不作介词的宾语。 宾语补足语 She asked me to speak English.她要求我说英语。 在make\let\see\hear\watch等使役动词后，不定式省略to 定语 Do you have anything to say?你有话要说吗？ 不定式作定语，要放在所修饰词的后面 状语 I come here to see you.我来这里是为了见你。 不定式作状语，其逻辑主语要和句子的主语一致。 此外，不定式可以与疑问词连用，用作主语、宾语、表语等。例句： When to start hasn't been discussed.什么时候开始还没有被讨论。（作主语） 助记 只能跟不定式作宾语的动词 决心学会有希望（decide, determine, learn, wish, hope), 同意计划莫假装（agree, plan, pretend), 胆敢拒绝会失败（dare, refuse, fail), 准备设法来帮忙（prepare, try, manage, help), 提供请求负担起（offer, beg, demand, afford), 答应安排理应当（promise, arrange, be supposed), 以上后跟不定式，劝君牢记永不忘。 （ ）①After the earthquake hit Japan, many international organizations offered . A. to helping B.to help C.helping D.help （ ）②This math problem is too difficult. Can you show me ,George? A.what to work out B.to Work it out C.how to work it out D.how to work out it （ ）③It is bad for young people too much time playing computer games rather than reading books. A.spend B.spending C.spent D.to spend （ ）④-Mary,I would like to order takeaway food,would you like something ? －Yes,I would like one spicy hot pot(麻辣烫）。 A.eat B.eating C.to eat D.eaten 二、动名词的语法功能 功能 例句 说明 主语 Eating too much is bad for your health. 吃太多对你的健康有害处。 谓语动词用单数 宾语 I like playing basketball very much.我非常喜欢打篮球。 表示习惯性的动作 Stamps are used for sending letters.邮票是用来寄信的。 表语 His hobby is collecting stamps. 他的爱好是集邮。 多数情况下可转换为动名词作主语 定语 Bill is in the reading room. 比尔在阅览室里。 只表明它所修饰词的用途和所属关系等 助记 只能跟动名词作宾语的动词 喜欢（enjoy)不断（keep)提建议（suggest)盼望（look forward to)习惯（be used to)完成（finish)想要（feel like)花费（spend)去练习（practice)忍俊不禁（can 't help)还介意（mind) 后接动词－ing （ ）①Remember the book to the library when you finish it. A.to return; to read B.returning;reading C.to return;reading D.returning;to read （ ）②-It's too cold today.Would you mind the window?－Certainly not.Go ahead. A. to close B.closing C.close D.closed （ ）③Thanks to the robots, the human reporters do not have to spend a lot of time boring numbers and information. A.processing B.to process C.processed D.process （ ）④ what AI(人工智能）will be like in the future makes me very excited. A.Imagine B.Imagining C.To imagine D.Imagined 三、分词 功能 例句 说明 定语 ①Do you know the boy playing football? 你认识踢足球的那个男孩吗？ ②Please hand in your written exercise. 请交上你的书面练习。 现在分词作定语，其逻辑主语就是所修饰的词；过去分词作定语，其逻辑宾语是它所修饰的词 状语 ①The students went out of the classroom, talking and laughing. 学生们谈笑着走出了教室。 ② Seen from the hill,our school looks more beautiful. 从小山上看，我们的学校显得更美丽了。 分词的逻辑主语是句子的主语 表语 2 The news is exciting. 这个消息令人兴奋。 ②I'm interested in the book. 我对这本书感兴趣 现在分词表示主语的性质、特征；过去分词表示某种状态 补足语 1 Don 't keep me waiting for a long time. 2 别让我等很长时间。 ②I had my hair cut last night. 昨天晚上我理发了。 现在分词作补足语，被修饰的宾语或主语是它的逻辑主语（即主动关系）；过去分词作补足语，被修饰的宾语或主语是它的逻辑宾语（即被动关系） （ ）①-I'm sorry to have kept you for such a long time. －It doesn 't matter. A.wait B.waiting C.to wait D.waited （ ）②Look! There are some birds in the sky. They are very beautiful. A.to fly B.fly C.flying D.flown （ ）③Crazy Alien mainly by Shen Teng and Huang Bo was very popular when it began in February,2019. A.acting B.act C.to act D.acted 四、语法一致 1.语法一致原则，就是句子的谓语动词同句子的主语在语法形式上保持一致，即主语是第三人称单数或不可数名词时，谓语动词也用第三人称单数形式；当主语是第一、第二、第三人称复数形式时，谓语动词也用复数形式。 Tom is an English boy.汤姆是一个英国男孩。 2.语法一致原则的其他用法。 1)用and或both...and...连接的名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。 Tom and Mike are good friends.汤姆和迈克是好朋友。 2)不定代词 something,somebody,someone,everything, everybody, everyone, anything, anybody, anyone, nothing, nobody, no one, either, neither等作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。 Is there anything wrong with your car?你的汽车有毛病吗？ 3)由 every...,every...and...,each...,each...，and...作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。 Every boy and every girl was given a new book. 每个男孩和女孩都收到了一本新书。 4)由 with, together with, as well as等词连接并列主语时，谓语动词的数和前面的主语保持一致。 Tom with his good friends is going to Beijing next week.汤姆和他的好朋友下周将去北京。 5)lots of...,plenty of...,分数或百分数＋名词作主语时，其谓语动词的形式取决于其后面的名词。如果是单数名词或不可数名词，谓语动词用单数形式；如果名词是复数形式，则谓语动词用复数形式。 Three fifths of the students are boys.五分之三的学生是男孩。 6)由 cup,bottle,pair等计量单位名词修饰的名词充当主语时，谓语动词用单数还是复数形式由计量单位名词的单复数形式决定。 Fifteen pairs of shoes are made by him every day.他每天做十五双鞋子。 7)某些复数形式的名词（如clothes, pants, shorts, shoes, gloves...)作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。 My shoes are worn out.我的鞋子穿坏了。 8)动词不定式、动名词或句子作主语时谓语动词用单数形式。 Reading is learning,读书就是学习。 What he said is true.他说的话是真的。 （ ）①Jenny! Do you know that one third of the boys in our class the singer Zhang Shaohan? A.like B.likes C.liking D.are like （ ）②A big party was held in No.18 Middle School last night,the teacher with students singing and dancing happily at the party. A.is B.was C.are D.were （ ）③Everyone in my class except Tom and Mary to Beijing to visit Garden Fair. A.have been B.have gone C.has been D.has gone （ ）④ Both Mike and I ready for China Dream. A.be B.am C.is. D.are 五、意义一致 1.意义一致又叫概念一致，即谓语是单数还是复数要看主语所表达的概念。 My family is a big one with ten people.我的家庭是一个有十口人的大家庭。 2.意义一致原则的具体用法。 1)表示金钱、时间、价格或度量衡的复合名词作主语时，通常把这些名词看作一个整体，谓语一般用单数形式。 Ten years is a long time.十年是一段很长的时间。 2)family, class, group, team 和crowd等集体名词作主语时，如果表示整体概念，谓语动词用单数形式；如果表示集体中的成员，谓语动词用复数形式。 My class is very good.我们班非常好. My family all like playing basketball.我们全家人都喜欢打篮球。 （3)“the+形容词”作主语。“the+形容词”作主语时如果指一类人，谓语动词用复数形式，如果指抽象的概念，其谓语动词用单数。 The old in our town are taken good care of.我们镇里的老人被照顾得非常好。 （ ）①Three million a large number.You can make it . A.are; small B.is; smaller C.is;small D.are; smaller （ ）② of the students in our class girls. A.Two fifth; is B. Two fifth;are C.Two fifths; are D.Second fifth;are 六、就近一致 1.就近一致原则又叫邻近原则，即谓语是单数还是复数要与最靠近它的主语保持一致。 Either you or he is right.要么你对，要么他对。 2.就近一致原则的具体用法。 1)由 either...or,neither...nor,not only...but also...连接两个并列主语时，句子的谓语和较近的主语保持一致。 Neither Tom nor I am from Japan.汤姆和我都不是来自日本。 2)there(here)be结构中的谓语常与最近的主语保持一致。 There is a desk and ten chairs in the room.在这个房间里有一张桌子和十把椅子。 （ ）①-What would you like to have for supper? －Either noodles or rice OK.I don't mind. A.are B.were C.is D.was （ ）②There some milk and two eggs on the table. A.is B.are C.has D.have （ ）③Not only children but also my husband moved about the show Wait For Me(《等着我》)。 A.is B.are D.be C.am 高效进阶 （ ）1. Either the students or the teacher him very well. A.knows B.to know C.know D.knew （ ）2. Smart phones by Huawei are getting more and more popular around the world. A.made B.making C.to make D.to making （ ）3.－Hello,Lucy,please give me some on how to improve my English! －You 'd better keep more English books. A.advices;read B.advice;read C.advice; reading D.advices; reading （ ）4. Mother asks me English every morning. A.read B.to read C.reading D.not read （ ）5.－What should I do,doctor? - healthy, you should take more exercise. A.Keep B.Keeping C.To keep D.To keeping （ ）6.－I tried to make Alice her mind but I found it difficult. －Well,I saw you that when I went past. A.changed;do B.changes;doing C.change;to do D.change;doing （ ）7. －My uncle is against wasting anything. －No wonder he would rather the old bike than a new one. A.repair;to buy B.to repair;buy C.repair;buy D.repairing;buying （ ）8. －What 's in the picture on the wall? －There a teacher and some students playing soccer on the playground. A.has B.are C.is D.have （ ）9. Their parents don 't allow them in the river because it's really dangerous. A.swim B.swimming C.to swim D.swam （ ）10. Mr Black,you are becoming healthier and healthier.Please keep on A.ran B.to run C.runs D.running （ ）11. －I have a bad cold,mom. －Oh,dear!You 'd better a doctor with me in a minute. A.will see B.see C.not see D.seeing （ ）12. －I saw Tom bought lots of books yesterday. －That 's not strange.Not only Tom but also his father reading. A.enjoy B.enjoys C.enjoyed （ ）13. －Julia,your mobile phone is ringing. —Wait a minute. It's dangerous it while crossing the street. A.answering B.answer C.to answer （ ）14.－Can you help me meet my friend Steve at the airport,Joe? —With pleasure. What does he look like? －He of medium height and he small eyes. A.has;has B.is;is C.has;is D.is;has （ ）15.－Have you ever read the traditional story Yu Gong Moves A Mountain? －Yes,our teacher often advises us more meaningful traditional books. A.reading B.reads C.read D.to read 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$