课时作业（13） Section Ⅰ Starting out & Understanding ideas(Word练习)-【精讲精练】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第三册（外研版2019）

作业（十三） Section Ⅰ　Starting out & Understanding ideas 　 Ⅰ.单词拼写 1．The stories of those scientists working in the frontiers (前沿) of science and technology inspire us to study harder. 2．Every year millions of people flood into this colourful Spanish city to see the unique works of the famed architect (建筑师) Antoni Gaudí. 3．The robot was programmed to mimic (模仿) a series of human movements. 4．Ideas will come to you easily and some will prove to be superb (极好的). 5．Knowing basic first­aid techniques will help you respond (回应) quickly to emergencies. 6．The frontiers (新领域) of medical knowledge are being pushed forwards as time goes on. Ⅱ.单句语法填空 1．(2022·全国乙卷)How did some drinks companies respond to the sugar tax? 2．I used to play (play) football on the playground after school, but now I am used to reading (read) in the library.I think the knowledge I get can be used to equip (equip)myself. 3．This concept has been applied successively to painting, architecture (architect) and sculpture. 4．Only if people live in harmony with each other can we create a more harmonious society. 5．(2021·北京卷)If an argument gets resolved, the emotional response (respond) tied to it is significantly reduced or almost completely erased. 6．　Designed (design) for children, the album became popular with parents immediately it came out. 7．Now many kinds of electrical appliances are powered by electric energy converted (convert) from solar energy. 8．Nowadays China is often quoted as the prime example of a modern agricultural nation. 9．Capturing energy from the sun and converting (convert) it into electricity to run your toaster sounds like magic. 10．It is wrong for some young people to take it for granted that they should enjoy their wealthy life. Ⅲ.完成句子 1．在看书的时候，我听到了敲门声。(状语从句的省略) 　While (I was) reading a book　， I heard a knock on the door. 2．老师说话如此之快以至于在课堂上我不能记下所有的东西。(so ...that ...) The teacher spoke so fast that I couldn't take everything down in class. 3．半小时后我们到达了那座老城，发现我们都被那里的自然美景吸引了。(find＋oneself＋宾语补足语) We got to the old town half an hour later and found ourselves attracted by the natural beauty of the scenery　. Ⅳ.课文语法填空 Nature inspires us to create many of the most 1.　fascinating (fascinate) architecture designs.Here are three typical architectural designs inspired by nature. 2．　Shaped (shape) like a lotus flower, Singapore's ArtScience Museum produces waterfalls using recycled rainwater.Visitors are often amazed to find 3.　themselves (they) in an urban building that so 4.　truly (true) captures the beauty of natural forms. Harare's Eastgate Centre is 5.　a superb example of biomimicry.Just like the mounds of termites, it is covered in little holes designed 6.　to draw (draw) air into the building during the day and the heat absorbed by the wall warms the cool air at night, creating a comfortable temperature inside. The Algae House in Hamburg is an excellent piece of work making natural organisms part of a building.Its surface is covered in panels 7.　that/which contain algae.This design has three advantages: the panels capture heat from the sun and convert it 8.　into energy that powers the whole building; the algae grow faster in bright sunshine, providing shade; besides, the algae can also 9.　be harvested (harvest) and used to produce fuel.Therefore, the building reduces damage to the environment by generating its own renewable energy. Creating buildings such as these 10.　enables (enable) us to live in closer harmony with our environment. Ⅰ.阅读理解 A Earl Forlales, a graduate in Materials Science and Engineering, took inspiration from the bamboo hut his grandparents lived in outside Manila and created a house made of bamboo that can be put together in four hours to solve the chronic (长期的) shortage of affordable accommodation in the Philippines.His design won a ￡50，000 top prize from the Royal Institute of Chartered Surveyors (RICS) in its Cities for our Future competition. His house, known as Cubo, could be produced in a week, constructed in four hours and costs ￡60 per square meter.Its use of bamboo — which releases 35% more oxygen into the environment than trees — was praised by the judges.The ability of the houses to be constructed in any bamboo­producing area was one of the key attractions. “The world's cities are growing all the time and there is a real need to make sure they are safe, clean and comfortable places to live in，”John Hughes, the competition's head judge and then president at RICS, said.“As we look at our competitors, who are our next generation of leaders, I believe that real progress will be made in tackling the world's biggest issues.” Forlales has already identified a suitable area of land to start building his Cubo houses.He plans to begin the work next year with experts from the RICS in an attempt to help relieve the huge pressure on housing in Manila, where a third of the 12 million population live in poor districts.He said, “I would like to thank RICS for the opportunity, and look forward to working with them to put this money to good use in Manila, and then hopefully elsewhere around the world.” [语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述的是Earl Forlales从祖父母住的马尼拉郊外的竹屋中获得灵感，用竹子建造房子；并因此获得了5万英镑的最高奖金。 1．What contributes most to Forlales' winning the prize? A．The material of his house. B．The shape of his house. C．The design of his house. D．The expense of his house. 解析：A　细节理解题。根据第一段内容和第二段中的“Its use of bamboo ...was praised by the judges.”可知，他建造房子的材料是获奖的最大原因。故选A。 2．Which word can best replace the underlined word “tackling” in Paragraph 3? A．Facing. B．Treating. C．Covering. D．Handling. 解析：D　词义猜测题。根据画线词后面的“the world's biggest issues”可知，此处指“处理世界上最大的问题”。所以画线词的意思是“处理，解决”。handing处理，处理，故选D。 3．What can we infer about the Cubo house? A．It is created by Forlales and his parents. B．It is environmentally friendly and economical. C．It has already been built in Forlales' hometown. D．It can be constructed in a week. 解析：B　推理判断题。根据第二段中的“His house, known as Cubo ...was praised by the judges.”可知，他的房子一周就能完工，4小时就能搭建好，每平方米的成本为60英镑。 它使用竹子，比树木多释放35%的氧气到环境中，由此可知，Cubo房屋既环保又经济。故选B。 4．Which of the following can be a suitable title for the passage? A．A Competition in House Building B．A Man Devoted to City Development C．The Bamboo House Winning a Top Prize D．The Way to Solve Housing Shortage 解析：C　标题归纳题。通读全文，尤其第一段可知，这篇文章讲述的是由竹子建造的房子Cubo获得了5万英镑的最高奖金。故选C。 B Walls covered in moss (苔藓) are popping up in major cities, along with people's promise that they can help reduce air pollution — but can a few square metres of plants really tackle the smog？Berlin­based firm Green City Solutions believes so.Its moss walls, called CityTrees, are about 4 square metres in size.It says they can filter (过滤) up to 80 percent of pollution particles out of the air. The walls collect rainwater, which is pumped through an irrigation system to the plants.And solar panels power fans to increase airflow through the plants.As a result, the firm says its product filters nearly 3，500 cubic metres of air per hour, which is equal to the total volume of air breathed by around 7，000 people. Around 50 CityTrees have been installed in European cities in bus stops and busy streets where people are exposed to harmful particles emitted from passing traffic.The European Commission is interested in the idea and is funding a dozen moss walls in Berlin.Alison Haynes at the University of Wollongong in Australia and her colleagues looked at how effectively moss and trees absorb pollution.They found that moss was up to four times better at trapping particles than the native Australian tree. “But this doesn't mean moss walls will necessarily protect people from pollution at busy bus stops，” says Zoran Ristovski at Queensland University of Technology in Australia.“In a small room, a moss wall only needs to filter a small amount of new air each hour, but tens or hundreds of times this volume of air is pushed past by buses，” he says.“Consequently, a moss wall in a street is unlikely to make any difference.” “Different solutions will be needed depending on an area's layout (布局)，” says Ruby Michael at Griffith University in Australia.“Tree planting can backfire where streets are lined with tall buildings to create urban canyon effect because trees can reduce airflow — and so moss walls may be a better option，” she added. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。墙壁上几平方米的苔藓植物真的可以解决空气污染吗？一家公司表示，苔藓墙可以过滤高达80%的污染颗粒。 5．What's the second paragraph mainly about? A．How moss walls function. B．How moss walls are created. C．How an irrigation system works. D．How much polluted air is filtered. 解析：A　段落大意题。根据第二段中的“The walls collect rainwater, which is ...airflow through the plants.”可知，第二段主要讲苔藓墙是如何起作用的。 6．What can we learn from the third paragraph? A．Moss­covered walls are widely installed every­where in Europe. B.European cities are using walls of moss to tackle air pollution from traffic. C．Moss has weaker capability of filtering air than the Australian trees. D．The European Commission has invested much money in moss walls. 解析：B　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Around 50 CityTrees have been installed in European cities ...emitted from passing traffic.”可知，欧洲城市正在用苔藓墙来解决路上过往车辆造成的空气污染问题。 7．What does Zoran Ristovski's attitude towards moss walls' effectiveness at busy bus stops? A．Objective. B．Negative. C．Optimistic. D．Unclear. 解析：B　观点态度题。根据第四段内容尤其是第一句可知，Zoran Ristovski对苔藓墙在繁忙的公交站点的有效性持消极态度。 8．What does Ruby Michael mean by saying “Tree planting can backfire”？ A．Trees filter pollution particles out of the air. B．Trees provide much shade for street people. C．Trees are likely to cause serious fires. D．Tree planting may have the opposite effect. 解析：D　推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Tree planting can backfire ...because trees can reduce airflow — and so moss walls may be a better option”可知，在两侧高楼鳞次栉比的街道上，树木会阻碍气流，因此种树会产生事与愿违的结果。 Ⅱ.完形填空 On a weekday evening, Jane was at home as usual.She received an urgent 1 from her sister “Get over here！Turn on the TV and check these guys out.They are just like you.” One online message and a phone interview later, Jane 2 herself on a bus with 8 strangers in the middle of the extreme desert heat of Utah, picking up rubbish. With a deep 3 for the environment and a desire to remake a 4 ， Jane, Dave, and a group of self­ 5 “environmental pick­up artists” went on a coast­to­coast road­side trash pick­up.As they walked, sometimes only 6 0.9 miles in an entire day, they slowly 7 their way across the United States, picking up a total of 201, 678 pounds of trash in three years. During an interview, Jane and Dave 8 with us wonderful stories of hope that inspired them to 9 their journey.After spending weeks silently 10 about how she would have enough money to fly home for their spring break, Jane found an envelope 11 with $850 cash in the desert, just enough to get her home and back.After their bus 12 outside of Denver, they unexpectedly got help and arrived in Yosemite National Park three weeks later, just 13 a mission to clean up trash all over the park. Jane and Dave are like so many unsung heroes in our community.Their commitment to working in small, meaningful ways 14 their desire for real change.What they have done is a reminder that we can all be of 15 ． [语篇解读]　这是一篇记叙文。短文主要讲述了为提高人们对环境污染和气候变化的认识， 简和戴夫等人花了三年时间共捡了201 678磅垃圾， 还介绍了他们在旅途中的一些经历， 他们的所作所为提醒我们， 我们都可以用自己的方式为保护环境做出贡献。 1．A.visit B．action C．advocate D．call 解析：D　根据上文“On a weekday evening, Jane was at home as usual.She received an urgent”可知， 她接到妹妹的一个紧急电话。故选D。 2．A.found B．detected C．persuaded D．integrated 解析：A　根据上文“One online message and a phone interview later”可知， 简发现自己和8个陌生人坐在一辆公共汽车上， 在犹他州极端炎热的沙漠中捡垃圾。故选A。 3．A.preference B．appetite C．concern D．fear 解析：A　根据下文“went on a coast­to­coast road­side trash pick­up”可知， 简、戴夫和一群自称为“环保拾荒艺术家”的人怀着对环境的深切热爱。故选A。 4．A.plan B．promise C．route D．difference 解析：D　到海岸的路边拾荒就是希望再次改变现状。故选D。 5．A.described B．corrected C．displayed D．discovered 解析：A　根据下文“environmental pick­up artists”可知， 简、戴夫和一群自称为“环保拾荒艺术家”的人怀着对环境的深切热爱和改变现状的愿望。故选A。 6．A.measuring B．covering C．wandering D．fixing 解析：B　根据“0.9 miles”可知， 有时一整天只走0.9英里。故选B。 7．A.made B．got C．helped D．pedalled 解析：A　根据下文“their way across the United States, picking up a total of 201, 678 pounds of trash in three years.”可知， 他们慢慢地穿越美国， 三年内总共捡了201 678磅垃圾。make one's way“一路前进”。故选A。 8．A.heard B．read C．wrote D．shared 解析：D　根据上文“During an interview”可知， 在一次采访中， 简和戴夫与我们分享了关于希望的精彩故事。故选D。 9．A.begin B．carry on C．improve D．insist on 解析：B　根据“wonderful stories of hope”以及“inspired”可知， 这些故事激励他们继续他们的旅程。故选B。 10．A.learning B．complaining C．worrying D．talking 解析：C　根据下文“how she would have enough money to fly home for their spring break.”可知， 简一直在默默担心自己是否有足够的钱飞回家过春假。故选C。 11．A.filled B．supplied C．labelled D．equipped 解析：A　根据“envelope”以及“with $850 cash in the desert”可知， 后来她在沙漠中发现了一个装有850美元现金的信封。故选A。 12．A.set off B．sped up C．pulled up D．broke down 解析：D　根据下文“they unexpectedly got help”可知， 在他们乘坐的巴士在丹佛郊外出了故障后，意外得到帮助。故选D。 13．A.in touch with B．in time for C．in face of D．in return for 解析：B　根据上文“arrived in Yosemite National Park three weeks later，”可知， 刚好赶上了清理公园里所有垃圾的任务。故选B。 14．A.turns to B．picks up C．takes up D．appeals to 解析：D　根据上文他们的具体行动可知， 他们致力于以微小而有意义的方式工作使人们关注他们寻求真正改变的渴望。故选D。 15．A.confidence B．advantage C．service D．gift 解析：C　根据上文“picking up rubbish”以及“clean up trash all over the park”可知， 我们可以用自己的方式来为环境做出贡献。故选C。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$