Unit6 Section2 Using language(Word练习)-【精讲精练】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第四册（外研版2019）

Ⅰ.用适当的情态动词填空 1．He might/may be in his office now, but I'm not sure. 2．It was an easy test and he should have passed, but he didn't. 3．You need not have sent for a doctor because I feel quite all right now. 4．The train is to start soon and Mike hasn't arrived.What can/could have happened to him? 5．—It is very hot here in summer. —Yes, the temperature can/could be above 40 degrees centigrade in July. 6．—Has the book I want arrived yet? I'll have to use it next week.The exam is coming. —Don't worry.You shall have it by this Friday. 7．—I'm afraid I have to leave now, for you see, he is waiting for me. —Well, if you must　， at least wait till the heavy rain stops. 8．When he was there, he would go to that coffee shop at the corner after work every day. 9．She didn't get there in time.She may/might have missed the bus. 10．You could have got better grades in the last examination, but you were so careless. Ⅱ.语法与写作 1．我们昨晚本应该打扫屋子的，但我们却去听音乐会了。 We should have cleaned the house last night, but we went to the concert instead. 2．如果弗雷德5点钟才走的话，他现在一定还没到家。 If Fred didn't leave till five o'clock，he can't arrive home now. 3．他们今天早上很早就出发了，现在肯定已经到了。 They started early this morning; they must have arrived by now. 4．今天下午可能会下雨。你最好带上雨衣。 It may/might rain this afternoon.You'd better take a raincoat with you. 5．今天下午我必须参加一个重要的班会。 I have to attend an important class meeting this afternoon. Ⅲ.用语篇练语法(用适当的情态动词) I 1.　needn't have worried before I came to the new school，for my classmates here are very friendly to me.Ellen is a fantastic dancer.I wish I danced as well as her.No one 2.　can be compared with Ellen in dancing.Jack is a great talker.It's high time that he did something instead of just talking.I got close enough to hear them speaking Chinese，and I said “Ni Hao” just as I 3.　might do in China.Teachers recommend parents 4.　should not allow (allow) their children under 12 to ride bicycles to school for safety.Students 5.　must obey school rules.One of our rules is that every student 6.　shall wear the school uniform while at school. It is required by the rules that students 7.　shall get grades not lower than 85 in any subject in order to get the scholarship.It is beyond my understanding that many adults 8.　should be so crazy about Harry Potter series like me. Ⅰ.阅读理解 A The Shrinking Storm on Jupiter(木星) It's snowing, but the clouds are red.The wind howls at 400 miles an hour, faster than a hurricane.And it's colder than the North Pole.Named the Great Red Spot, this storm is on Jupiter, the largest planet that goes around the Sun.The storm is shrinking.No one knows why—or what it will do next. Astronomers discovered the Great Red Spot by looking at Jupiter through telescopes.The spot, once estimated to be 25，500 miles across, was just 10，250 miles wide when the Hubble Space Telescope last observed it.“It's at the smallest size that we've ever seen，” says Dr Amy Simon, an astronomer who studies the storm.It's also changing shape, looking more like a circle than its usual oval. Jupiter differs greatly from Earth.It's made mostly of hydrogen and helium (氦).But most of hydrogen and helium on Jupiter is not in the form of gas.Instead, Jupiter's great gravity squeezes the hydrogen and helium, turning most of these elements into liquid.Only the outer part of Jupiter is gas.And that's where the Great Red Spot is.No one knows why the Great Red Spot is red. Like Jupiter's air, the spot is made mostly of hydrogen and helium gases.But they have no color.So something else must color the spot red. Mysteries abound about the spot, such as what powers it and why it is so red.Now another one arises.The Great Red Spot has lasted longer than any storm on Earth.On Earth, hurricanes weaken when they move from sea to land, and when they move north or south.Neither of these things happens on Jupiter.Yet the storm is shrinking.“Could it disappear？” asks Dr Simon.“Would I bet money on it one way or the other? Probably not.” [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了天文学家通过望远镜发现了木星的大红斑，还发现大红斑正变得越来越小，越来越圆。 1．What do we learn about the Great Red Spot? A．It is getting smaller and rounder. B．It is getting colder and faster. C．It is getting higher and redder. D．It is getting redder and lighter. 解析　细节理解题。根据文章标题、第一段中的“The storm is shrinking.”以及第二段中的“The spot, once estimated to be 25，500 miles across, was just 10，250 miles wide when the Hubble Space Telescope last observed it.‘It's at the smallest size that we've ever seen，’ says Dr Amy Simon”可知，大红斑(the Great Red Spot)正变得越来越小；根据第二段最后一句“It's also changing shape, looking more like a circle than its usual oval.”可知，大红斑变得越来越圆。故选A。 答案　A 2．What can we learn about Jupiter from this article? A．It is bigger than the Sun. B．It has slight gravity. C．It contains liquid and gas. D．It usually looks red. 解析　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“It's made mostly of hydrogen and helium (氦).But most of hydrogen and helium on Jupiter is not in the form of gas.Instead, Jupiter's great gravity squeezes the hydrogen and helium, turning most of these elements into liquid.”可知，木星主要由氢和氦组成，但它们大部分不是以气体的形式存在，木星的巨大引力挤压了氢和氦，将它们中的大多数变成了液体；再根据第三段倒数第三句“Only the outer part of Jupiter is gas.”可知，木星外层部分是气体。由此可知木星上有液体和气体，故选C。 答案　C 3．What does the underlined word “abound” in the last paragraph mean? A．Get solved finally. B．Go missing abruptly. C．Exist numerously. D．Decrease gradually. 解析　词义猜测题。最后画线词所在段中的“Mysteries abound about the spot, such as what powers it and why it is so red.Now another one arises.”可知，such as后的“what powers it and why it is so red”和“another one”指的都是谜团(Mysteries)，结合语境推测此处想表达这些谜团有很多，现在又出现了一个。由此可推知“Mysteries abound about the spot”表示“关于大红斑的谜团有很多”。结合选项可知C项符合语境，故选C。abound意为“大量存在，有许多”。 答案　C 4．What is Dr Simon's attitude towards the disappearance of the Great Red Spot? A．Hopeful. B．Confident. C．Worried. D．Doubtful. 解析　推理判断题。根据文章最后的“‘Could it disappear？’ asks Dr Simon.‘Would I bet money on it one way or the other? Probably not.'”尤其是其中的“Probably not.”可知，西蒙博士对大红斑是否会消失这件事不敢打赌(bet)，也就是他并不确定。故选D(怀疑的)。 答案　D B (2024·德州期末)Cycling is considered one of the most efficient ways to travel due to its small carbon footprint.Many people are happy to ride a bike in their everyday life.However, better infrastructure(基础设施)and a cultural shift are needed to ensure that more people will ride a bike.Bike kitchens are part of a worldwide movement that can help with such a challenge. In bike kitchens, tools, used parts and repair assistance are provided to their community members.Many even donate bikes and have become spaces for social exchange.Better infrastructure also plays a key role in ensuring the safety and comfort of cyclists in areas such as the development of bike lanes and bike parking.But that alone is not enough.Building a cycling culture that is socially accepted by most means having vast numbers of people developing skills such as riding and bike maintenance. Cycling has various benefits, like promoting physical and mental health.More importantly, the infrastructure needed for bikes doesn't require a huge budget.Besides, bicycles are the most practical and sustainable means of travel for a short­ or medium­distance commute, and also for recreation and sport.For individuals in many developed countries, transport can be the largest part of their carbon footprint.Transport accounts for about one fifth of global carbon dioxide(CO­) emissions.For short or medium distances, bikes are one of the lowest­carbon ways to travel.Even more shockingly, using a bike instead of a car for short trips would reduce a person's travel emissions by 75 percent. Bike kitchens in particular extend the lifespan of bikes and their parts.They help build a community economy that prevents waste generation since most parts are secondhand, fixed, or reused.Either through the supply of tools, parts, fixing sessions or bikes for free, bike kitchens encourage a more sustainable way of traveling that makes cities friendlier, while strengthening community values. [语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文，文章介绍了全球正在兴起的自行车厨房热。自行车厨房的建立有助于骑行文化的推广，从而让更多人爱上骑自行车。 5．Which of the following can be done in bike kitchens? A．Repairing bikes. B．Developing riding skills. C．Purchasing the new parts. D．Teaching others to ride bikes. 解析　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“In bike kitchens, tools, used parts and repair assistance are provided to their community members”可知，自行车厨房给他们的社区成员提供工具、二手零件和维修援助。故选A项。 答案　A 6．What does the author want to stress in the text? A．Cycling is a sustainable way to travel. B．Transport is still a challenging problem. C．Everyone should have an eco­friendly trip. D．Bikes are also suitable for a long­distance travel. 解析　推理判断题。根据第三段中的“For short on medium distances, bikes are one of the lowest­carbon ways to travel.Even more shockingly, using a bike instead of a car for short trips would reduce a person's travel emissions by 75 percent”和最后一段中的“Either through the supply of tools, parts, fixing sessions or bikes for free, bike kitchens encourage a more sustainable way of traveling that makes cities friendlier, while strengthening community values”可判断，作者在文章中强调了骑自行车是一种非常低碳、可持续的出行方式。故选 A项。 答案　A 7．What is the author's attitude towards bike kitchens according to the text? A．Critical. B．Doubtful. C．Positive. D．Grateful. 解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句“Either through the supply of tools, parts, fixing sessions or bikes for free, bike kitchens encourage a more sustainable way of traveling that makes cities friendlier, while strengthening community values”可推断，作者对自行车厨房持积极的态度。故选 C项。 答案　C 8．What is the main idea of the text? A.Bike kitchens reduce people's travel influences. B.Bike kitchens are helping boost cycling culture. C．Bike kitchens are gaining popularity in the world. D.Bike kitchens make cycling accessible to everyone. 解析　主旨大意题。本文主要讲的是自行车厨房的益处有很多，但最关键的一点是可以推广骑行文化，从而让更多人爱上骑自行车。B项“自行车厨房正在帮助推广自行车文化”最能概括文章大意。故选B项。 答案　B Ⅱ.七选五 (2023·黑龙江省实验中学高二月考) How Is Eating in Space Different From Eating on Earth? If you send astronauts into space，you have to send along food as well.But what do astronauts eat，and how do they eat it？Scientists take several factors into consideration as they plan meals for space. First，and possibly the most important one，is nutrition. 1 Providing junk food to eat，such as potato chips，sodas，and pizza，would make the astronauts unhealthy. 2 If the food that has been provided is distasteful，then the astronauts may avoid eating it.If you've ever tried to concentrate on something important while your stomach doesn't feel well，you'll know why the scientists in charge of a space mission ( task ) want their astronauts to eat regularly. The lack of gravity ( pull ) in a spacecraft also determines what foods can or cannot be eaten in space.Meals must be packaged carefully so they won't spill into the cabin (one of the areas inside a spacecraft).Water or tiny bits of food could get inside a machine or electronic device and damage it. 3 A loose knife bouncing around inside the cabin would be dangerous. 4 The weight of every object included in a spacecraft must be calculated in order to ensure that there is enough fuel and power to carry the craft safely into space and back home again. 5 Most foods are stored in plastic bags，and often，the foods are dehydrated (使脱水).When an astronaut is ready to eat，hot water is added to the meal and warn it up. Despite all these requirements，much of the food eaten in space is actually similar to what you might eat on any given day. A．Taste is also important. B．Finally，weight is an important concern. C．Food packaging is made to be as light as possible. D．Believe it or not，they also have fresh fruits and vegetables. E．Nutrition and practicality (实用) are important things to consider. F．For the same reason ，sharp knives and forks are never used on board. G．Keeping astronauts' physical health is a top task for any space mission. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了决定宇航员在太空中吃什么以及怎样吃需要考虑的几个因素。 1．解析　根据本段第一句“First，and possibly the most important one, is nutrition.”可知，本段主要说明了营养是科学家在规划宇航员用餐时需要重点考虑的因素；下文介绍垃圾食品不利于宇航员的身体健康；G项(保持宇航员的身体健康是任何太空任务的首要工作)与本段主旨一致，且与后文形成对比关系，其中的health与后文的unhealthy相对应，符合语境。故选G项。 答案　G 2．解析　设空句为本段主旨句，后文“If the food that has been provided is distasteful, then the astronauts may avoid eating it.”说明了食物味道的重要性；A项(味道也很重要)中的Taste与后文的 distasteful 相呼应，符合语境。故选A项。 答案　A 3．解析　本段主旨句“The lack of gravity(pull)in a spacecraft also determines what foods can or cannot be eaten in space.”说明了失重也是宇航员饮食中需要考虑的因素之一；后文“A loose knife bouncing around inside the cabin would be dangerous.”说明了刀在太空舱内到处弹跳是危险的；F项(同样的原因，在宇宙飞船上从不使用锋利的刀叉)中的knives与后文的knife相呼应，the same reason 就是指开头的 The lack of gravity(pull)，故F项符合语境。 答案　F 4．解析　后文“The weight of every object included in a spacecraft must be calculated in order to ensure that there is enough fuel and power to carry the craft safely into space and back home again.”说明了重量也是宇航员饮食中要考虑的因素；B项(最后，重量是一个重要的问题)与后文的weight相呼应，且Finally与前文也形成了递进关系，符合语境。故选B项。 答案　B 5．解析　前文提到提供食物时需要考虑重量，再根据后文可知，大多数食物都储存在塑料袋里，而且这些食物经常是脱水的；C项(食品包装要尽可能的轻)中的packaging与后文的stored相呼应，light 与本段的中心词 weight 相呼应，符合语境。故选C项。 答案　C Ⅲ.语法填空 Water doesn't currently exist on Mars' surface, but it used to.About 4 billion years ago, something happened to Mars' atmosphere, and most of the liquid water 1. (disappear) due to harmful radiation.But some of 2. may still be underground.Could those ancient water holes contain life? China's Tianwen 1 mission will search 3. the existing water by radar fixed on the Mars rover(火星车).The European Space Agency's spacecraft found evidence for subsurface water, 4. (use) radar from space, but this is the first time a Mars rover has searched from the ground. Tianwen 1 will also give China 5. (value) Mars experience and lay the foundation for a sample return mission planned for 6. end of the 2020s.Getting Martian samples back to the Earth is a top priority for the scientific community.Despite the impressive advances 7. (make) in placing science instruments on spacecraft, only the technology on Earth, 8. can test samples accurately, is to verify the presence or absence of life in a sample. On April 7, 2001, the United States launched the “Odyssey” Mars probe, which landed on Mars 9. (successful).“Odyssey” is still orbiting Mars, testing the planet's geology and climate and looking for signs of life and water.More countries exploring Mars means more 10. (opportunity) for global cooperation.Space exploration brings out the best in us all.When more nations work together, every one wins. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文，介绍了不同国家探索火星的方法，重点介绍了中国的天问一号火星探测器。 1．解析　考查时态。此处是在说由于有害的辐射，大部分液态水消失了。根据句中的时间状语About 4 billion years ago可知，此处是描述过去发生的事情，需要用一般过去时，故填disappeared。 答案　disappeared　 2．解析　考查代词。句意：但是有些液态水可能仍然在地下。根据句意可知，设空处指代前文的liquid water，water是不可数名词，需要用代词it来指代。 答案　it　 3．解析　考查介词。句意：中国的天问一号任务将通过固定在火星车上的雷达来寻找现存的水。search for表示“寻找”，是固定搭配，故填for。 答案　for　 4．解析　考查现在分词。此处是说欧洲航天局的航天器利用来自太空的雷达发现了地表水(存在)的证据。分析句子结构可知，设空处所在句是并列复合句，句中的but连接两个并列分句。but前的分句中已有谓语found，设空处应用非谓语动词作状语；use与其逻辑主语The European Space Agency's spacecraft之间是主动关系，需要用现在分词形式，故填using。 答案　using　 5．解析　考查形容词。句意：天问一号还将为中国提供宝贵的火星经验，并为计划于21世纪20年代末进行的样本返回任务奠定基础。此处需要用形容词作定语，修饰名词experience，表示“宝贵的”，故填valuable。 答案　valuable　 6．解析　考查冠词。此处表特指，指21世纪20年代末，应用定冠词the。the end of...表示“……的末尾”，故填the。 答案　the　 7．解析　考查过去分词。此处是说尽管在航天器上放置科学仪器方面已经取得了令人印象深刻的进步，但只有地球上的技术才能准确测试样本，才能核实样本中是否存在生命。分析句子结构可知，设空处所在句是主从复合句，句子主干是“only the technology on Earth is to verify the presence or absence of life in a sample”，“Despite the impressive...on spacecraft”为介词短语作状语，“ can test samples accurately”为非限制性定语从句；主句中已有谓语is，故此处应用非谓语动词形式；make与其逻辑主语advances之间为被动关系，此处应用过去分词作后置定语，修饰名词advances，故填made。 答案　made　 8．解析　考查定语从句。“ can test samples accurately”为设空处引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the technology on Earth，关系词在从句中作主语，指物，故填which。 答案　which　 9．解析　考查副词。设空处修饰landed，应用副词作状语；此处表示“成功登陆火星”，设空处意为“成功地”，故填successfully。 答案　successfully　 10．解析　考查名词的数。此处表示更多的国家探索火星意味着更多的全球合作机会。根据前文的More countries和空前的more可知此处应用名词复数，和前文的countries对应，故填opportunities。 答案　opportunities 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$