Unit1 Section2 Using language(Word教参)-【精讲精练】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第四册（外研版2019）

Section Ⅱ　Using language 一、一般时态 (一)一般现在时(am/is/are或do/does) 表示经常发生的、习惯性的、反复出现的动作或状态。常与always，every time，now and then，occasionally，often，seldom，never，sometimes，usually，every day/night等表示习惯的副词(词组)连用。 ◆I often read books in my spare time. 业余时间我经常看书。 (1)按时间表、时刻表、日程表等安排将要发生的动作，用一般现在时。该用法仅限于少数表示短暂意义的动词，如go，arrive，leave，start，stay，return，begin，come等。 ◆The train leaves at 7：25 this evening. 火车今晚7：25开。 (2)如果主句用一般将来时，那么在时间、条件或让步状语从句中，用一般现在时表示将来。 ◆You'll make great progress if you work hard! 你如果努力学习，就会取得很大进步。 (二)一般过去时(was/were或did) 表示过去一段时间内经常性或习惯性的动作。常与often，usually，seldom 等表示频度的副词连用。还可以表示在过去某一时间所发生的动作或存在的状态，与现在没有关系，常与yesterday，the other day，last week，the day before yesterday等表示过去的时间状语连用。 ◆I graduated from No.1 Middle School three years ago. 三年前我从一中毕业。 有些句子虽然没有明确的表示过去的时间状语，但实际上指的是过去发生的动作或状态，也要用一般过去时。常见的此类动词有know，think，expect，want等。 ◆I didn't know you were in Paris. 我不知道你在巴黎。 (三)一般将来时 1．will/shall do will/shall do表示将来要发生的动作或产生的状态。will可用于各种人称，而shall多用于第一人称，常与tomorrow，next year，next month，this evening，in a few days等表示将来的时间状语连用。 ◆I will/shall go to visit him next week. 下周我将去拜访他。 (1)will可以表示根据当时的情况所做的临时的打算。 ◆—Tom was injured badly in the accident yesterday. —Oh，I didn't know.I will see him after work. ——汤姆在昨天的事故中受伤很严重。 ——噢，我不知道。我下班后去看他。 (2)表示单纯的将来的will 通常不用于时间、条件、让步状语从句中，在这些状语从句中，用一般现在时表示将来。 ◆I'll tell him the truth if I see him tomorrow. 如果明天见到他，我将会告诉他实情。 2．主语＋am/is/are＋going to do (1)表示现在打算或计划将来要做的事情。 ◆What are you going to do next Sunday? 下星期天你打算干什么？ (2)表示说话者根据某种迹象认为最近或将来要发生的事情(常指自然现象)。 ◆Look at the black clouds! It is going to rain. 瞧那些乌云！要下雨了。 3．主语＋am/is/are ＋to do 表示按计划、职责、义务、约定要发生的动作。 ◆Who is to clean the classroom today? 今天该谁打扫教室了？ ◆No one is to leave the room without permission. 未经允许，任何人不得离开这个房间。 4．主语＋am/is/are＋about to do “be (just) about to＋动词原形”表示即将发生的事，常译为“刚要……，就要……”，不能与表示将来的具体时间状语连用，但常与when连用。 ◆I was about to go to bed when the telephone rang. 我刚要上床睡觉，这时电话响了。 (四)过去将来时(would/should do) 表示从过去某时看将来要发生的动作或存在的状态。would do也可以表示过去某种习惯性的行为。 ◆She hoped that they would meet again someday. 她希望将来有一天他们能再见面。 ◆Whenever we had trouble, he would come to help us. 每当我们遇到困难时，他总会给予帮助。 [即时演练1]——单句语法填空 (1)The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that were　(be) previously unprotected, bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority to increase effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management. (2)The rolling sea of clouds you see once you are　(be) at the top will remind you how tiny we humans are. (3)She knew they had problems, and they needed all kinds of help.When she had time, she would bring　(bring) food and medicine to them. (4)The weather forecast says it will be　(be) cloudy with a slight chance of rain later tonight. 二、进行时态 1．现在进行时(am/is/are doing) 表示说话时正在进行或表示现阶段正在进行的动作。 ◆All the classmates are reviewing the lesson in the classroom now. 同学们正在教室里复习功课。 (1)现在进行时可以表示按计划或安排即将发生的动作，常用于go，come，leave，start，arrive，return，work，sleep，stay，have，wear，run out等动词(短语)。 ◆Mr Smith is leaving for Nanjing tonight. 史密斯先生今晚去南京。 (2)当现在进行时与always，forever，continually，constantly等频度副词连用时强调重复的动作，表示某种感情色彩(如赞许、厌烦、满意等)。 ◆She is always thinking of others instead of herself. 她总是想着别人而不是她自己。 2．过去进行时(was/were doing) 表示在过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行的动作，常与at that time、at that moment、at this time yesterday、at ten o'clock yesterday等表示过去的时间状语连用。 ◆What were you doing at this time last week? 上周这个时候你在干什么？ 3．将来进行时(will be doing) 表示将来某一时刻或某一段时间正在发生或进行的动作，常与一些标志性的时间状语连用，如at this time tomorrow，by then，from 1：30 to 4：30 p．m. tomorrow等。 ◆This time tomorrow they will be sitting in the cinema to see a film. 明天这个时候他们会坐在电影院里看电影。 [即时演练2]——单句语法填空 (1)I remember the first time I saw a humpback whale; it just rose out of the water like some prehistoric creature and I thought it was smiling　(smile) at us. (2)—Hi, let's go skating. —Sorry, I'm busy right now.I am filling　(fill) in an application form for a new job. (3)Daniel's family will be enjoying　(enjoy) their holiday in Mount Huang this time next week. 三、完成时态 (一)现在完成时(has/have done) 1．表示过去发生的动作或事情对现在造成的影响或产生的结果，这一用法实际上表示的是因果关系，动作的完成是因，现在的情况是果。常用的时间状语有already，just，yet，before，lately，recently，ever，never，often等。 ◆I have already made a plan for my study ahead of time. 我已经提前制订了学习计划。 2．表示从过去某时开始而延续至今(可能还要延续下去)的动作或状态。常用的时间状语有since＋过去时间点、 for＋时间段，so far，in the last/past few years，in recent years，up to now，these few days等。 ◆We have learned English for eight years. 我们学英语八年了。 3．在条件和时间状语从句中，用现在完成时表示将来某个时间前已经完成的动作。 ◆Will you come to my office when you have finished your work? 你完成工作后能来我办公室一下吗？ (1)一般过去时和现在完成时的区别： 两者都表示发生在过去的动作。现在完成时表示过去的动作与现在的关系，强调过去的动作对现在造成的影响或产生的结果；一般过去时强调动作发生在过去某一时间，与现在没有联系。 ◆Mr Smith has lived in Beijing for 5 years. 史密斯先生已经在北京住了五年了。(现在还在北京住着) ◆Mr Smith lived in Beijing for 5 years. 史密斯先生在北京住了五年。(现在已不在北京住着了) (2)下列句型中常用现在完成时： ①This/That/It is/will be the first/second/...time ＋that从句 ②This/That/It is the＋最高级＋名词＋that从句 ◆It is the first time I have driven a car. 这是我第一次开车。 ◆This is the most interesting film that he has made. 这是他拍的最有趣的电影。 (二)过去完成时(had done) 1．表示在过去某一时刻或某一动作之前完成的动作或存在的状态，即“过去的过去”。句中一般有明确的表示“过去的过去”的时间状语(从句)。 ◆By nine o'clock last night, we had got 200 letters. 到昨晚九点钟，我们已经收到200封信。 2．表示从过去某一时间开始，一直延续到过去的另一时间的动作或状态，常用的时间状语有before，by then，by that time，by the end of，by the time＋从句等。 ◆I had been at the bus stop for 20 minutes when a bus finally came. 当公共汽车终于来了的时候，我在公共汽车站已经等了20分钟。 3．表示“愿望、打算”的动词(如hope，want，expect，think，mean，suppose，plan，intend)用于过去完成时表示过去本打算实现而未实现的希望或计划。 ◆He had wanted to help but could not get there in time. 他本想去帮忙，但没能及时赶到那里。 常使用过去完成时的句型： (1)This/It/That was the first/second/...time＋that从句； (2)It/This was the＋最高级＋名词＋that从句； (3)hardly...when.../no sooner...than...(一……就……)，主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时。 (三)将来完成时(shall/will have done) 表示将来某时之前或某动作之前已经完成的动作，或一个持续到将来某时或某动作发生之前的动作。 ◆I shall have finished the report by next Friday. 到下周五我就完成这份报告了。 ◆By next Monday, she will have studied here for three years. 到下周一，她在这里学习就要满三年了。 [即时演练3]——单句语法填空 (1)In the last five years, Cao has walked　(walk) through 34 countries in six continents. (2)Hopefully in 2025 we will no longer be e­mailing each other, for we will have developed　(develop) more convenient electronic communication tools by then. (3)I had hoped　(hope) to take a holiday this year, but I wasn't able to get away. 四、完成进行时态 现在完成进行时(has/have been doing) 表示过去某一时刻之前开始的动作或存在的状态一直延续到现在，并有可能继续下去，常见的时间状语有all this morning，this month，these few days，since和for引导的状语从句等。 ◆I have been learning German since five years ago. 五年来我一直在学德语。 ◆I have been cycling to work for the last two weeks. 这两个星期以来我一直骑车上班。 [即时演练4]——单句语法填空 (1)He has been preparing　(prepare) for the contest for months, so he is sure to win the first prize. (2)Since then, I have been trying　(try) to attend dancing classes twice a week after work. (3)Since I was young, my parents have been telling　(tell) me “hard work builds character”． [核心词汇] 1．admission　n．允许进入(加入) [经典例句] I've been recommended for admission to study physics at my dream university. 我已经被保送到我梦想的大学学习物理。 (1)apply for admission to...申请加入…… gain/obtain admission to...获准进入/加入…… admission charges/prices入场费/票价 (2)admit vt.& vi.准许进入；承认； 接收admit (doing) sth 承认(做了)某事 admit sb/sth to be＋adj./n.承认某人/某物是…… admit...to/into...允许……进入/加入…… [练通]——单句语法填空 (1)Children under 12 years accompanied by an adult are admitted　(admit)free. (2) She apologized to me and admitted taking/having taken (take) my umbrella by mistake. (3)One day I got word that he was admitted to hospital for a serious disease. (4)It's said that history is written by the victors, and those victors set the standards for admission　(admit) to the genius club. [写美]——应用文佳句 (5) 得知我校乒乓球队正在招收新队员，我迫不及待地想邀请你加入球队。 Learning that our school table tennis team is admitting new members　， I can hardly wait to invite you to join it. 2．make up one's mind　做出决定，拿定主意 [经典例句] I can't make up my mind what the right thing to do is. 我拿不定主意该做什么。 change one's mind改变主意 bear/keep...in mind记住…… come to mind突然被记起/想起 fix one's mind on/upon...将注意力集中于…… read one's mind看出某人的心思 bring/call...to mind(使)想起…… put one's mind to全神贯注于 make up one's mind中的名词mind有数的变化，根据one's的单复数来确定mind的单复数。 [练通]——用mind的相关短语填空 (1)I assured him I would not let him down and he should only put his mind to getting better. (2) Given an opportunity to attend a school abroad, you must consider the factors carefully before making up your mind　. (3)He is so stubborn that it's no use persuading him to　change his mind once he makes a decision. [写美]——词汇升级 (4) Remember that we should use online resources properly to make our study more efficient. →　Keep in mind that we should use online resources properly to make our study more efficient. 3．pass up　放过，放弃，错过(机会) [经典例句] I think it would be a great pity to pass up the opportunity to be admitted without taking the exam. 我认为错过这次不参加考试就被录取的机会是非常遗憾的。 pass by经过(……旁边) pass sth on (to sb)把某物传给(某人)；把某物递给(某人) pass down世代相传，流传 pass away亡故，去世 pass out昏迷，失去知觉 [练通]——用pass的相关短语填空 (1) He was born in 1921 and passed away peacefully at the age of 90 in 2011. (2) Suddenly the man passed out and was sent to the nearest hospital at once. (3)Chinese kung fu is a very important and unique form of Chinese culture, which has been passed down from generation to generation. 4．put off　推迟……，使……延期 [经典例句] Can you put off making a decision until you've spoken to your high school advisor? 你能不能先和你的高中指导老师谈谈再做决定？ put forward提出(观点、建议) put on穿上；上演 put away将……收起，储存 put up with容忍，忍受 put down放下；写下；镇压 put aside储存……备用；把……放在一边 put up建造；提高；张贴 put through接通(电话)；完成 [练通]——单句语法填空 (1)One of the ground rules of the swap should be that everyone must try on the clothes before they take them—things always look different when you put them on　. (2)My mom told me how to prepare it.First I cut the tomatoes into pieces and put them aside　. (3) A suggestion has been put forward/up that we should recycle the textbooks. [写美]——完成句子 (4) 保持友谊的方法是学会容忍朋友的缺点，并努力发现他们的优点。 The way of keeping friendship is to learn to put up with some of friends' shortcomings and try to discover their advantages. 5．weigh up　仔细考虑，权衡 [经典例句] Then we can weigh up the options and try to come to a decision. 然后我们可以权衡各种选择再试着做出决定。 (1)weigh vi.[用作系动词]重量是……；vt.称重量；认真考虑，权衡 (2)weight n．重量；体重 lose weight减肥，减轻体重 put on/gain weight增加体重 watch one's weight控制体重 [练通]——单句语法填空/补全句子 (1)In her natural state, the actor weighed 105 pounds.But in half the cases she wore a specially designed fat suit which increased her weight to 180 pounds.(weigh) (2)It is important to weigh up the pros and cons before the final decision is made. (3)(2024·丹东期末)With several months, she not only lose weight　(减肥)，but also strengthened her willpower. 6．participation　n．参加，参与 [经典例句] In addition to participation in school, a part­time job—such as working in a café or in an office administration role—can also be helpful in this transition. 除了上学，兼职——比如在咖啡厅或行政办公室工作——在这个过渡中也很有帮助。 (1)participation in 参与…… (2)participate vi. 参加，参与 participate in...参与…… (3)participant n. 参加者，参与者 [练通]——单句语法填空 (1)　Participants (participate) were randomly divided into two groups.The first group participated in a program of nonaerobic (无氧) exercise—balance training and weight training—three times a week. (2) Participating/Participation　(participate) in some after­school activities can make you gain much experience. [写美]——应用文佳句 (3)有一个重要的班会要参加，这个周末我不能和你一起出去郊游了。 　With an important class meeting to participate in　， I can't go outing with you this weekend.(with复合结构) Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．A number of experiments ruled out that the children misunderstood　(misunderstand) what they were being asked. 2．My mother was putting　(put) her groceries into shopping bags when a stranger came up to her. 3．We do hope that the school will carry (carry) out more similar activities in the future. 4．In order to find the missing child, villagers have been doing　(do) all they can over the past five hours. 5．Although she is busy with her study, she goes　(go) to visit her grandparents twice a month. 6．Make the best of your precious time and study harder! This time next year you will be enjoying　(enjoy) the colorful campus life in your dream university! 7．When summer comes　(come), they will invite their students to pick the fresh vegetables! 8．The report details the progress we have made　(make) over the last year. 9．They made up their minds that they would buy　(buy) a new house once Larry changed jobs. 10．—The new machines have arrived and are being tested in the workshop. —I'm glad we will be operating　(operate) them in the years ahead. Ⅱ.语法与写作 1．他经常乘公共汽车去上班，而且每天晚饭后和父母一块散步。 He often goes to work by bus, and takes a walk with his parents after dinner every day. 2．到上学期期末我们已经学了两千多个英语单词。 We had learned over two thousand English words by the end of last term. 3．我今天上午一直给他打电话，打了很多次，但都没有回应。 I have been calling him many times this morning, but there's no answer. 4．这些天我们忙于收拾行李，我们将于后天离开。 These days we are busy packing our suitcases and we are leaving the day after tomorrow　. 5．今天下午我没空，因为我要去为一位朋友送行。 I won't be free this afternoon because I will be seeing a friend off　. Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．Children under 12 years accompanied by an adult are admitted (admit) free. 2．We can't put off buying　(buy) a new printer for our company.The one we have doesn't work. 3．The researchers examined various levels of noise on participants (participate) as they completed tests of creative thinking. 4．When making a big decision, we need enough time to weigh up all the advantages and disadvantages. 5．That theory must be closely connected with practice is a basic rule we should always keep in mind. 6．In order to enrich our campus life, our school organized　(organize) a 5 km cross­country running race last Sunday. 7．In the past few years, China has made　(make) great contributions to environmental protection. 8．When I entered the classroom, the lecture had begun　(begin) and the audience were listening　(listen) carefully and with interest. 9．I am really exhausted.I have been painting　(paint) the living room all day, but there is still much to do. 10．At this time next year, I hope I will/shall be riding　(ride)my bicycle on the way to Beijing with you! Ⅱ.语法与写作 1． 我向他保证我会独自完成这个项目，不会让他失望。 I assured him I would finish the project alone and that I wouldn't let him down　. 2．当我匆匆赶到学校时，老师已经走进教室了。 When I hurried to school, the teacher had come into the classroom　. 3．这是我第一次离开家这么长时间。 This is the first time that I have been away from my family for such a long time. 4．我不能帮助你做家务，因为我正在做作业。 I can't help you with the housework because I am doing my homework now. 5．当我还是个孩子的时候，我经常和同学们在操场上踢足球。 When I was a kid, I often played football with my classmates in the playground. Ⅲ.用语篇练语法 With the holiday approaching, my colleagues said that they 1.　would spend　(spend) their holiday abroad.They were so excited that they 2.　were talking　(talk) about the schedules all the day.As for me, it 3.　has been　(be) ten years since I graduated from high school.I 4.　have been missing　(miss) my best friend Jane for the past years.Having booked the ticket to her city, I told her I 5.　would visit　(visit) her soon.She said that she 6.　had finished　(finish) her paper by last month and could afford the time.I 7.　have made　(make) a plan for the coming reunion.I thought we 8.　would be　(be) quite excited when we saw each other.Jane told me that she 9.　had been looking　(look) forward to meeting me for years.At this time tomorrow, we 10.　will be talking　(talk) with each other face to face, which makes me fail to fall asleep. Ⅰ.阅读理解 A Louise Gluck has been no stranger to awards over her long and storied career, since her first publication in 1968.In 1993, she won the Pulitzer Prize for her collection of poems，The Wild Iris.And on Oct.8 she became the 16th woman to win the Nobel Prize in literature with the Nobel prizes first awarded in 1901. Gluck was honored for her unmistakable poetic voice that, with simple beauty, makes individual existence universal.Often said to be an autobiographical poet, drawing from the inner parts of her life, “Gluck is not to be regarded as a confessional (忏悔) poet.She seeks the universal，” Nobel Committee Chair Anders Olsson said in a statement. Gluck, 79, the author of 12 poetry collections, has been able to turn her life experiences into universal themes covering life, loss and isolation (孤独).Because of this, readers have often found her poetry to be “dark”．However, there is much more than darkness in her voice, as noted by Olsson.“It is direct and ...also a voice full of humor，” he said. For example, in her poem Snowdrops, she uses the coming of spring after winter to show rebirth of life after death.She leads readers down a depressing path only to reconnect with the light at the near end.At the conclusion of the poem, readers are left to feel the “cool wind of the new world” as they watch a new spring.This is often the case in Gluck's poetry, being able to feel joy even after not having done so for a long time. Although she's already a well­known writer, experienced in exploring pain and healing (愈合), Gluck did feel honored to be given the famed Nobel award.However, when asked what the prize means to her, the lyric poet responded by saying, “It's too new...I don't know really what it means.” Her only hope is that she can preserve her daily life. [语篇解读]　这是一篇人物类新闻报道。本文主要介绍了第16位女性诺贝尔文学奖得主露易丝·格丽克的诗歌写作成就、影响和写作特点等。 1．What do we know about Louise Gluck? A．She had her first collection published in 1993. B．Her poems are based on life experiences. C．The Wild Iris won her the Nobel Prize. D．She is a successful confessional poet. 解析　细节理解题。根据第三段“Gluck, 79, the author of 12 poetry collections, has been able to turn her life experiences into universal themes covering life, loss and isolation.”可知，她的诗是以生活经历为基础写成的。 答案　B 2．What does Olsson think of Gluck's poems? A．They are too dark for readers. B．They focus on individual existence. C．They are frank and humorous in style. D．They are mainly about human personality. 解析　细节理解题。根据第三段“...there is much more than darkness in her voice, as noted by Olsson.‘It is direct and ...also a voice full of humor，’ he said.”可知，Olsson认为她的诗歌是坦率和幽默的。 答案　C 3．Why does the author mention Snowdrops in paragraph 4? A．To show the features of Gluck's poetry. B．To introduce the main plots of this poem. C.To describe Gluck's creativity in choosing themes. D．To explain Gluck's purpose in writing Snowdrops. 解析　推理判断题。根据第四段“This is often the case in Gluck's poetry, being able to feel joy even after not having done so for a long time.”可知，作者在第四段提到了Snowdrops，以显示格丽克诗歌坦率和幽默的特点。 答案　A 4．How does Gluck feel about winning the Nobel Prize? A．She is not qualified for the prize. B．She can't believe she got the prize. C．It makes a difference as expected. D．It may disturb her daily life. 解析　细节理解题。根据最后一段“However, when asked what the prize means to her, the lyric poet responded by saying, ‘It's too new...I don't know really what it means.’ Her only hope is that she can preserve her daily life.”可知，格丽克认为这可能会扰乱她的日常生活。 答案　D B Nowadays, there's lots of advice on how to give praise and positive comments to others, but few suggestions on how to receive the flattering (奉承) messages.Accepting praise can make many people feel like a fish out of water because even when we are proud of our achievements, we don't want to appear proud.This is exactly how I felt at my dad's birthday party. Just a few days before, I received my university results; my parents were so proud of me.On arrival, every guest already knew my grades.As the party went on, dozens of people greeted me with warm, heartfelt congratulations.I was surrounded by so much unexpected praise! Concerned about stealing my dad's spotlight, I tried to turn the kind attention away from myself and mention the background.I joked that the professor must have been in a very good mood when she marked my paper, and that I was just “lucky”． Few of us wish to appear vain.We may worry that our honour will cause envy from others.In the workplace, there's fear that praise might bring extra work and higher expectations.Now that your boss has seen you are a go­getter　， they're going to pile on the pressure! Looking back, the praise I received from the guests at the party was heartfelt.My degree hadn't helped them in any way so there was no duty for them to comment, but they still cared enough to say “well done”．Instead of ignoring the praise, I should comment on how kind they were for noticing, or how pleased I was with my achievements. Another good choice is to “forward” praise — perhaps other people played a part in your success and deserve to share the attention.If you're still lost for words, a simple “thank you” is the best way to go.So, the next time you get the praise you deserve, don't hide your pride and try to enjoy the moment. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇议论文。人们面对表扬往往会不自在，作者认为，我们应该学会享受表扬。 5．How do many people feel when accepting praise? A．Uneasy. B．Confused. C．Confident. D．Ashamed. 解析　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Accepting praise can make many people feel like a fish out of water because even when we are proud of our achievements, we don't want to appear proud.”可知，许多人在接受表扬时会不自在。 答案　A 6．What was the author's reaction to the unexpected praise at the party? A．She ignored the remarks. B．She owed it to the professor. C．She sincerely thanked the guests. D．She felt proud of her achievements. 解析　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“I joked that the professor must have been in a very good mood when she marked my paper, and that I was just ‘lucky’”．可知，作者认为她出色的表现是运气，是因为教授打分的时候心情好。 答案　B 7．What does the underlined word “go­getter” in paragraph 3 probably mean? A．A proud person. B．A worried person. C．An able person. D．A green­eyed person. 解析　词义猜测题。根据第三段中的“praise might bring extra work and higher expectations”可知，表扬会带来更多的工作和压力，因为老板认为你能干，他会给你更多的任务量。go­getter与C项(一个有能力的人)意义相近。 答案　C 8．What might be the author's purpose of writing the text? A．To warn people to be honest. B．To share one of her big moments. C．To show the importance of praise. D．To encourage people to enjoy praise. 解析　写作意图题。根据最后一段中的“So, the next time you get the praise you deserve, don't hide your pride and try to enjoy the moment.”可知，作者鼓励大家享受表扬。 答案　D Ⅱ.七选五 Are you afraid of failure? However, only by overcoming fear of failure can we achieve success in life ultimately.Here are some tips on how to remove fear and focus on success. Understand that at times you make mistakes. 1 Before any of us learned how to walk, we crawled.We got up, fell down and got up again.We continued the process until we could walk quite well. 2 Instead, view it as a stepping stone.Make certain that you learn from failure and then apply what you have learned to future situations.Refuse to consider failure a character weakness.Doing so will only prevent you from achieving future success. Remember that failure has produced many successes. 3 Albert Einstein's teacher told him to quit school and said, “Einstein, you will never achieve anything！” Beethoven's music teacher said it was hopeless for him to become a composer.Henry Ford's first two car companies failed. Appreciate the benefits of failure.Ralph Waldo Emerson said, “All life is an experiment.The more experiments you make the better.” It's hardly possible for someone to achieve success the first time he tries. 4 ． Believe in yourself.Rather than give up when things don't work out, take it as a chance to build perseverance.Remind yourself how many failures became successful because they wouldn't give up. 5 A．Don't take failure personally. B．Work hard and try to avoid failure. C．Realize that you are a human and that humans make mistakes. D．Believe that you've got what it takes to work through the difficult times. E．Making the same mistake again can lead to failure in your future work. F．Consider how many people in history had failed before they became successful. G．In other words, your chances of getting things right on the first try are little. [语篇解读]　这是一篇说明文。人们都害怕失败，然而，只有克服对失败的恐惧，我们才能在生活中取得成功。文章向我们说明了我们要如何消除对失败的恐惧、专注于成功。 1．解析　根据上文“Understand that at times you make mistakes.”可知，C项(要意识到你是个人，是人就会犯错。)切题，说明每个人都会犯错。C项中的make mistakes与上文中的make mistakes是复现关系。故选C。 答案　C 2．解析　根据下文“Instead, view it as a stepping stone.Make certain that you learn from failure and then apply what you have learned to future situations.”可知，这是看待失败的正确做法，Instead表明设空处应该会提到一种错误的做法，A项(不要因失败而不悦。)切题，且符合本段主旨。下文中的it指代的是A项中的failure，且下文中的Instead表明设空处与Instead后的内容是转折关系。故选A。 答案　A 3．解析　根据下文“Albert Einstein's teacher told him to quit school and said, ‘Einstein, you will never achieve anything！’ Beethoven's music teacher said it was hopeless for him to become a composer.Henry Ford's first two car companies failed.”可知，这些是名人经历过失败的具体例子。F项(想想历史上有多少人在成功之前经历了失败。)切题，印证了上文说的“Remember that failure has produced many successes.”，且引出了下文的举例说明。故选F。 答案　F 4．解析　根据上文“It's hardly possible for someone to achieve success the first time he tries.”可知，此处想表达不要指望一次就成功。G项(换句话说，你第一次尝试就把事情做好的可能性很小。)切题。G项中的little与上文中的hardly possible吻合。故选G。 答案　G 5．解析　根据上文“Remind yourself how many failures became successful because they wouldn't give up.”可知，失败后坚持不放弃很重要。D项(相信你已经得到了努力度过困难时期所需的能力。)与上文衔接紧密，都是作者对如何鼓励自己提出的建议。D项中的to work through the difficult times与上文中的wouldn't give up对应。故选D。 答案　D Ⅲ.语法填空 For 34 years, thousands of runners have taken on the Marathon des Sables, a 140­mile race through the Sahara.1. (consider) the world's most difficult race, the Marathon des Sables is a seven­day race，2. is separated into six different parts. At 46, Amy Palmiero Winter is not what most picture when they think of 3. athlete, but for her, running has been a lifelong passion: an escape, a comfort, a calling.So, when a careless driver crashed into her motorcycle 25 years ago and damaged her left leg, she did everything she could 4. (save) it. She couldn't imagine not running.But three years and 25 operations later it 5. (become) obvious that her leg would never 6. (true) recover.But hardships couldn't keep her from running.In fact, they may have pushed her 7. (close)towards it.“When something bad happened to me, I went out for a run.It kept me from any darkness.” Palmiero Winter said.After recovering 8. her amputation(截肢), she tried running again.Struggling with low­tech artificial legs, in 2004 she placed second in the Silver Strand Half Marathon.Today, she holds 11 world records and countless 9. (award), including the James E．Sullivan Award and others, which recognized her as the world's top amateur athlete nearly a decade ago. But as her latest 10. (achieve)at the Marathon des Sables shows, she's nowhere near done. [语篇解读]　本文为一篇记叙文。文章讲述了46岁的艾米虽然经历了车祸，但依旧热爱跑步，并参加了很多马拉松赛事，获得了许多荣誉。 1．解析　考查非谓语动词。句意：撒哈拉沙漠马拉松比赛被认为是世界上最困难的比赛，该比赛为期7天，分为6个不同部分。分析句子结构可知，the Marathon des Sables is a seven­day race是句子的主干部分，所以空处应用非谓语动词作状语。consider和逻辑主语the Marathon des Sables之间为被动关系，译为“被认为”。故填Considered。 答案　Considered 2．解析　考查定语从句。which引导非限制性定语从句修饰前面的race。故填which。 答案　which 3．解析　考查冠词。句意：46岁的艾米·帕米耶罗·温特并不是大多数人心目中的运动员，但对她来说，跑步一直是她毕生的热情：一种解脱、一种安慰、一种召唤。可数名词athlete前需要冠词修饰，艾米只是运动员中的其中一个，所以表示泛指概念，需要用不定冠词，athlete发音是以元音音素开头的。故填an。 答案　an　 4．解析　考查非谓语动词。句意：所以，25年前，一个粗心的司机撞上了她的摩托车，撞坏了她的左腿，她想尽一切办法挽救她的左腿。句中she could 是省略了谓语动词do的定语从句，主句的主语为did，所以save要以非谓语的形式出现。此处用不定式表目的。故填to save。 答案　to save　 5．解析　考查时态。根据three years and 25 operations later 以及宾语从句中的would可知此处讲述过去的事情，用一般过去时。故填became。 答案　became　 6．解析　考查副词。句意：但3年25次手术后，她的腿显然永远无法真正康复。根据句意可知，此处是要修饰动词recover，所以需要填入副词。故填truly。 答案　truly　 7．解析　考查形容词比较级。句意：事实上，困难可能把她和跑步推得更近了。根据句意可知，此处表达的意思是“更近了”，所以需要用比较级。故填closer。 答案　closer　 8．解析　考查介词。recover from...表示“从……中康复”。 答案　from　 9．解析　考查名词的数。此处指如今，她拥有11项世界纪录和无数奖项。award表示“奖项”，是可数名词，根据空前面的countless(无数的)可知用award的复数形式。故填awards。 答案　awards　 10．解析　考查词性转换。句意：但正如她在马拉松赛上的最新成就所展示的那样，她还远远没有完成。根据形容词性物主代词her以及形容词最高级latest可知，此处需要填入名词。故填achievement。 答案　achievement　 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$