Unit4 Section2 Using language(Word教参)-【精讲精练】2024-2025学年高中英语必修第二册（外研版2019）

Section Ⅱ　Using language 现在分词作状语 知识点1　现在分词(短语)作状语时的句法功能 现在分词(短语)在句中作状语来修饰谓语动词或整个句子，表示动作发生的原因、条件、让步、时间、结果、方式或伴随状况。 状语类型 例句 原因状语 Being tired(＝Because I was tired), I stopped to have a rest. 我累了，于是停下来休息。 条件状语 Working hard(＝If you work hard), you'll surely succeed. 如果努力工作，你就一定会成功。 让步状语 Having tried many times(＝Though he had tried many times), he still couldn't overcome his difficulties. 尽管尝试了多次，但他仍无法克服困难。 时间状语 Hearing the news(＝When they heard the news), they immediately set off for Shanghai.听到这个消息，他们立即出发到上海去了。 结果状语 The old scientist died all of a sudden, leaving the project unfinished(＝so that he left the project unfinished).那位老科学家突然去世了，留下了未完成的事业。 方式 状语 Please answer the question using another way(＝by using another way). 请用另一种方式回答这个问题。 伴随 状语 Morris lay on the grass, staring at the sky for a long time(＝and stared at the sky for a long time). 莫里斯躺在草地上，长时间地望着天空。 1．现在分词作结果状语，表示自然而然的结果，其逻辑主语往往是前面整个句子所描述的情况，前面有时候可以加 thus；而不定式作结果状语时常表示出乎意料的结果，有时前面可以加 only。 ◆He was caught in the rain, thus making himself catch a cold. 他淋了雨，所以感冒了。 ◆I hurried to the school, only to find it was Sunday. 我匆忙赶到学校，结果发现是星期天。 2．现在分词作结果状语时，分词的逻辑主语既可以是句子的主语，也可以是前边的整个句子；逻辑主语为前边的整个句子时，其作用相当于一个非限制性定语从句。 [即时演练1]——单句语法填空 (1)After taking a degree at Chichester University in Related Arts, Ginni began to travel the world, eventually getting　(get)work teaching English in Japan and Chile. (2) Not knowing (know)how to work out the difficult physics problem，he asked the teacher for help. (3)Like ancient sailors, birds can find their way using　(use)the sun and the stars. (4)The child slipped and fell, hitting　(hit) his head against the door. 知识点二　使用现在分词(短语)时的注意事项 1．现在分词(短语)作状语时的形式 主动形式 被动形式 时态意义 语态意义 一般式 doing being done 表示分词动作与谓语动词的动作(几乎)同时发生 主动形式表示构成分词的动词与句子主语之间是逻辑上的主谓关系；被动形式表示构成分词的动词与句子主语之间是逻辑上的动宾关系 完成式 having done having been done 表示分词动作先于谓语动词的动作发生 ◆Reading carefully, he found something he hadn't known before. 仔细读时，他发现了一些他以前不知道的东西。 ◆Having finished his homework, he went to bed. 完成作业后，他上床睡觉了。 2．现在分词(短语)作状语时，其逻辑主语一般要与句子的主语保持一致。如果不一致，通常要在分词前面加上它自己的逻辑主语，这种带逻辑主语的现在分词(短语)被称为独立主格结构。 ◆Turning around, we saw an old woman walking towards the river. 我们转过身，看见一位老太太向河边走去。 ◆She walked along the path, her daughter following close behind. 她沿着小路走，她的女儿紧跟在后面。 3．现在分词(短语)作状语时，可根据需要在其前面加上一些词或短语，表示特殊含义，常用的连词有when，while，once，unless，as if，even if，though等构成“从属连词＋现在分词”结构。 ◆While (he was) waiting for the bus, he met Mary. 他在等公交时，遇到了玛丽。 ◆Although (he was) working very hard, he achieved nothing. 尽管他非常努力，他还是一事无成。 4．现在分词(短语)的否定形式：not/never＋现在分词(短语) ◆Not having tried his best, he failed the exam. 由于没有尽最大努力，他这次考试没及格。 5．现在分词(短语)的独立结构：有少数现在分词(短语)并不表示句子主语的动作，而是表示说话人的态度，这些被称为分词的独立结构。常见的有： judging from/by...　根据……来判断 frankly speaking　坦白地说 personally speaking　就个人而言 generally speaking　一般来说 taking...into consideration　考虑到…… seeing that...　鉴于……；既然…… supposing/providing/assuming...　假如…… considering...　考虑到…… ◆Judging from his behaviour, he must have won the game. 从他的行为来判断，他一定是赢得了比赛。 [即时演练2]——单句语法填空/完成句子 (1)Giant pandas also serve as an umbrella species(物种), bringing　(bring)protection to a host of plants and animals in the southwestern and northwestern parts of China. (2)　Having studied　(study) volcanoes for many years, I am still amazed at their beauty as well as their potential to cause great damage. (3)Weather permitting　(permit), we will go out for an outing tomorrow. (4)He dropped the glass onto the ground，thus breaking (break)it into pieces. (5)　Generally speaking　(一般说来), girls are more interested in literature than boys. [核心词汇] 1．grateful　adj.感谢的，感激的 [经典例句]　Seeing all my family and friends in the audience applaud me, I felt so confident and grateful. 看到观众席上所有的家人和朋友都为我鼓掌，我感到非常自信和感激。 (1)be grateful to sb for sth因某事而感激某人 I would be grateful if you could do...如果你能做……，我将不胜感激 (2)gratitude n．感激之情；感谢 express/convey one's gratitude to sb for...因某事而感激某人 [练通]——单句语法填空 (1)I am grateful to you for decorating our classroom for the graduation ceremony. (2)Sometimes, how we show our gratitude　(grateful) for a person is reflected in the kind of food we serve him or her. [写美]——一句多译 (3)如果您能接受我们的邀请，并在节目中给我们宝贵的建议，我们将不胜感激。 a.　We would be grateful if you could accept our invitation and give us invaluable advice in the show.(grateful) b.　 We'd appreciate it if you could accept our invitation and give us invaluable advice in the show.(appreciate) 2．absorbed　adj.专心致志的 [经典例句]　When something did interest us, we could become absorbed. 当我们确实对某件事感兴趣的时候，我们可能会变得全神贯注。 (1)be/become/get absorbed in全神贯注于；沉迷于 (2)absorb v．吸收；理解；使专注 absorb oneself in全神贯注于 absorb one's attention吸引某人的注意 (3)absorbing adj.十分吸引人的 be absorbed in (doing) sth结构在句中作状语、定语时，常用其过去分词形式absorbed in (doing) sth。 [练通]——单句语法填空 (1)Though it was midnight, she found her daughter completely absorbed　(absorb) in her homework. (2) The novel was so absorbing　(absorb) that she read on without a break even forgetting food and sleep. [写美]——补全句子/句式升级 (3)The talented pianist was absorbed in　(沉浸在) the romantic melody and lost track of time. →　Absorbed in the romantic melody　， the talented pianist lost track of time.(过去分词短语作状语) →　Absorbing himself in the romantic melody　， the talented pianist lost track of time.(现在分词短语作状语) 3．put on　表演(节目)；穿上；播放；增加(体重) [经典例句]　Each of the contestants put on a wonderful performance—they all really wanted to win! 每个参赛者都表演得很精彩——他们都很想赢！ put up举起；张贴；建造；为……提供食宿 put off推迟，拖延 put down放下；记下；镇压 put up with忍受 put out熄灭；扑灭；生产；出版 put aside储蓄；储存；留出；不考虑 put forward提出 [练通]——用put的相关短语完成句子 (1) Fortunately, the fire was put out before it caused much damage. (2)We've had to put off 　this performance because of the bad weather. (3)She put on some light music while she and her friend had dinner together. (4)A suggestion was put forward at the meeting that the company should save some money to help the people in need. (5) Students should put down the key points while listening carefully in class. 4．appealing　adj.有吸引力的，有趣的 [经典例句]　The place is appealing, attracting many travellers every year. 这个地方很有吸引力，每年都吸引许多游客。 (1)be appealing to sb对某人来说有吸引力 (2)appeal v．有吸引力；呼吁，恳请；上诉；申诉 n．吸引力；呼吁，恳求 appeal to sb(对某人)有吸引力；(使某人)感兴趣 appeal to sb for sth/to do sth呼吁/恳求某人(做)某事 make an appeal to sb for sth/to do sth呼吁/恳求某人(做)某事 [练通]——单句语法填空 (1)Experts have appealed to parents to have　(have) strict control over online games that are appealing　(appeal) to their teenagers. (2) The police are appealing to the public for any information about the road accident that happened the other day. [写美]——完成句子 (3)该节日旨在促进文化交流，吸引了来自不同国家的人们。 The festival，aimed at promoting cultural exchanges，　appealed to people from different countries　. 5．arrangement　n．[C]安排，筹划；布置，安排方式；[U/C]协议；约定 [经典例句] Now talk about how Josh makes arrangements. 现在谈谈乔希是如何安排的。 (1)make an arrangement/arrangements for...为……做安排；为……做准备 (2)arrange v．安排；筹备；整理；排列；商定，谈妥 arrange for sth/sb 为某事/人做准备/安排 arrange (for sb ) to do sth安排(某人)做某事 [练通]——单句语法填空 (1)Our school is to make arrangements　(arrange) for a theme class meeting to introduce traditional Chinese culture to foreigners. (2)Most museums also welcome school groups and arrange special activities for children. [写美]——应用文佳句之邀请信 (3) 我校将在学校礼堂安排一次中国画展览。我真诚地希望你能抽出一些时间来参加这次艺术盛宴。 Our school will arrange an exhibition of Chinese paintings in the school hall.I sincerely hope you can set aside some time for the art feast. Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．After　 suffering　(suffer)a heart attack, the famous star was pronounced dead, marking　(mark) a tragic end to the world's most popular entertainer. 2．　Having failed　(fail) to reach them on the phone, we sent an e­mail instead. 3．　Having received　(receive) no reply, he decided to write another letter to the personnel manager about his job application. 4．　Hearing　(hear) the news, she rushed out and disappeared into the distance, leaving　(leave) the book lying open on the table. 5．　Having worked　(work) in several countries, the young man seems to have the experience we're looking for. 6．　Covering　(cover) an area of over 4，000 square kilometers, Qinghai Lake is also the biggest saltwater lake in China. 7．When living　(live) in India, she used to balance a pot on her head and walk a long way for water. 8．Kids usually finish school at 3：30 p．m.However, most parents work until 6：00 p．m., making　(make) it hard for them to pick their kids up. 9．The hospital has recently obtained new medical equipment, allowing　(allow) more patients to be treated. 10．　Facing　(face) tough challenges, the Chinese women's volleyball team still won the Olympic title in Rio. Ⅱ.用现在分词(短语)作状语升级下列句子 1．As we don't know her address, we can't pay a visit to her. →　Not knowing her address　， we can't pay a visit to her. 2．When we were approaching the city center, we saw a stone statue about 10 meters in height. →　When approaching the city center　， we saw a stone statue about 10 meters in height. 3．If you listen to English every day, you'll learn it well step by step. →　Listening to English every day　， you'll learn it well step by step. 4．Mr.Brown is so poor that he can't afford to buy a new TV for his family. →　Being so poor　， Mr.Brown can't afford to buy a new TV for his family. 5．Although Jenny had failed many times in training, she didn't lose heart. →　Having failed many times in training　， Jenny didn't lose heart. Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．We asked Mary to put on a performance at the party, but she refused. 2．It is his responsibility to make arrangements　(arrange) for the meeting every day. 3．I am grateful to him for saving me out of the fire without worrying about his own safety. 4．I'm writing a letter, expecting your newspaper to appeal to the public to pay　(pay) more attention to the protection of the environment. 5．When deeply absorbed　(absorb) in work, he always forgets all about eating or sleeping. 6．　Having spent (spend) nearly all his money, the employee couldn't afford to stay at a hotel. 7．Generally speaking　(speak), if taken according to the directions, the drug has no side effect. 8．It is believed that today's children and teenagers are consuming three times the recommended level of sugar, putting　(put) them at a higher risk of the disease. 9．When comparing 　(compare) different cultures, we often pay attention only to the differences without noticing the many similarities. 10．　Hearing (hear) the news that the little girl won the first gold medal, many people jumped with joy. Ⅱ.完成句子 1．就个人而言，我对你的表现很满意。 　Personally speaking　， I'm satisfied with your performance. 2．同学们边谈边笑地进了教室。 Students entered the classroom, talking and laughing　. 3．尽管尝试了许多次，他仍未成功。 　Having tried many times　， he still couldn't succeed. 4．我的公交车半路出了故障，导致我上课迟到了。 My bus broke down halfway, (thus) causing me to be late for class　. 5．我不认识任何人，所以独自在座位上坐了两个小时。 　Not knowing anyone　， I sat alone in my seat for two hours. Ⅲ.语篇语法填空 Last weekend, I 1.　walked　(walk) into our local bookshop.2.　Having bought 　(buy) a book, I decided 3.　to take　(take) the bus home, because it was quite a long walk home. When 4.　getting　(get) on the bus, I was 5.　surprised　(surprise) to see an old friend of mine.We started 6.　talking/to talk　(talk) and I hardly realized that I had arrived at my stop.7.　Standing　(stand) up, I cried, “Please wait! This is my stop！” I got off the bus, 8.　smiling　(smile) happily to my friend.Then, suddenly 9.　realizing　(realize) I had left my book behind on the bus, I shouted, “Stop, please！” But it was too late.The bus had gone away, 10.　taking　(take) my book with it. Ⅰ.阅读理解 A Since the age of three, Chelsie Hill had dreamed of becoming a dancer.That dream nearly ended one night in 2010.Hill was in a car accident that put her in hospital for 51 days and left her paralyzed (瘫痪的).For most people, that would have destroyed any hope of a dancing career.For Hill, it was the beginning.Far from being a barrier, her wheelchair encouraged her to think a lot of her life and she wanted to overcome the difficulty and prove that she was still “normal”． “Normal” for her meant dancing.With half of her body taken away, Hill had to move with hands.It took a lot of learning and patience, but she still made it in her wheelchair with her non­disabled high school dance team.After graduation from high school in California, Hill wanted to expand her dance network to include women like her.She met online the women who had suffered various back injuries but shared the same determination with her. Hoping to reach more people in a larger city and break down the false belief of wheelchair users, Hill moved to Los Angeles in 2014, formed a team of dancers with disabilities and named it the Rollettes.As she always believes, dancing on wheels can be just as good as the foot­based dance. In disabled dance competitions, all dancers from her team gave great performances and they were having fun.And the audience's cheers, whistles and applause suggested that the fun was spreading. Hill has achieved what many of us never will: the childhood dream.But the Rollettes has helped her find something else just as satisfying.Every year she holds a dance camp, the Rollettes Experience for wheelchair users of all ages, to help them find their inner heroines (女英雄).In 2019, over 173 women from ten countries attended the Rollettes Experience.For most of these women, it was the first time they had felt they belonged.Edna Serrano told a reporter that being part of the Rollettes team challenged her to be more independent.“It even gives me the courage to take up driving，” she said. [语篇解读]　这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了因遭遇意外而下半身瘫痪的女孩Chelsie Hill身残志坚，乐观向上，仍然追求舞蹈梦想的励志故事。 1．What happened to Hill after the car accident? A．She left the school dance team. B．She went back to her normal life. C．She had a deep thought of her life. D．She dreamed of becoming a dancer. 解析　C　细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句中的“encouraged her to think a lot of her life”可知，车祸发生后，Hill对她的人生进行了深刻的思考。故选C。 2．Why does Hill hold the Rollettes Experience every year? A．To realize her childhood dream. B．To encourage the disabled to drive. C．To become the heroine of wheelchair dancers. D．To help more wheelchair users build confi­dence. 解析　D　推理判断题。根据文章第三段中的“Hoping to reach more people in a larger city and break down the false belief of wheelchair users, Hill...formed a team of dancers with disabilities and named it the Rollettes.”以及最后一段中的“Every year she holds a dance camp...to help them find their inner heroines (女英雄).”可推知，Hill建立the Rollettes Experience的目的是帮助像她一样的残疾人发现自己内在坚强的一面，进而变得更加自信。故选D。 3．Which words best describe Hill? A．Smart and skillful. B．Honest and patient. C．Brave and humorous. D．Caring and determined. 解析　D　推理判断题。根据文章第二段最后一句的内容可知，她在网络上遇到了很多遭受各种背伤却和她有相同决心的女性；根据第三段第一句的内容可知，Hill希望到大城市接触更多的人，打破轮椅使用者的错误观念，她在2014年成立了一个残疾人舞蹈队。由此可推知Hill是一个有决心且关心他人的人。故选D。 4．What is the best title for the text? A．Dancing in Wheelchairs B．An Amazing Experience C．Dancing for the Disabled D．The History of the Rollettes 解析　A　主旨大意题。根据文章的主要内容可知本文主要讲述身残志坚的Chelsie Hill成立了一个组织，带领很多和她一样有残疾的女性通过在轮椅上跳舞来获得自信和快乐。由此可知A项(在轮椅上跳舞)最符合文意。 B A study published in the journal Frontiers in Psychology took a closer look at music in sports, specifically how listening to music could affect one's overall performance. Researchers asked 150 volunteers to throw a ball into a basket.For the first stage of the study, participants threw the ball from a fixed point.They threw the ball while listening to music of their choice, while not listening to music, or while listening to music that the researchers selected.For the second stage, they were able to choose where to stand when throwing the ball and performed the same activity with the various music choices. The study found that listening to music, whether it was music of the volunteer's choice or a song chosen for them, did not make the participants more or less likely to get the ball in the basket.It had no effect.What it did do was increase self­esteem and make the study participants more likely to take risks, especially for males who were allowed to choose their own music. The results suggest that music may pump you up.And it may even help you work out harder and longer than you would without it.But no matter what song you listen to, it's not going to help you get that ball into the basket. Another study took a detailed look at how music pace might affect exercise.Researchers found that listening to high­pace music makes people feel like they're working less while also benefiting their bodies more. Listening to high­pace music while exercising resulted in the higher heart rate compared with not listening to music.This means that the exercise seemed like less effort, but it was more beneficial(有益的) in terms of enhancing physical fitness. The study found that the beneficial effects of high­pace music were greatest for people who were walking or running and were felt the least for those who were doing high­intensity(高强度) exercises such as weightlifting. [语篇解读]　这是一篇说明文。发表在《心理学前沿》杂志上的一项研究对运动中的音乐进行了更深入的研究， 特别是听音乐如何影响一个人的整体表现。 5．What were volunteers allowed to do while shooting in the second stage test? A．Choose position and music. B．Shoot from a fixed point. C．Shoot with fixed music. D．Shoot with no music. 解析　A　细节理解题。根据第二段中“For the second stage, they were able to choose where to stand when throwing the ball and performed the same activity with the various music choices.(在第二阶段中， 他们可以选择在投球时站在哪里， 并在不同的音乐选择下进行相同的活动。)”可知， 在第二阶段的测试中， 志愿者们在投球时被允许选择位置和音乐。故选A。 6．Which is more encouraging in throwing a ball test? A．Music given by experts. B．Music chosen by males. C．Peaceful music. D．Loud music. 解析　B　细节理解题。根据第三段“What it did do was increase self­esteem and make the study participants more likely to take risks, especially for males who were allowed to choose their own music.(它确实做到的是增强了参与者的自尊， 让他们更有可能冒险， 尤其是那些被允许自己选择音乐的男性。)”可知， 在投球测试中， 男性选择的音乐更令人鼓舞。故选B。 7．Which sentence matches the results of high­pace music in this study? A．It has no effect on sports. B．It improves your athletic skills. C．It helps easily achieve better workout. D．High­pace music is beneficial for all forms of exercise. 解析　C　推理判断题。根据倒数第二段可知， 运动时听节奏快的音乐比不听音乐时心率高， 这意味着运动看起来不那么费力， 但就加强身体素质而言， 快节奏音乐更有益。由此可推知， C选项“它有助于轻松获得更好的锻炼”与快节奏音乐的结果相匹配。故选C。 8．What does the underlined word “enhancing” in Paragraph 6 probably mean? A．Reducing. B．Balancing. C．Changing. D．Strengthening. 解析　D　词义猜测题。结合句意可知， 就加强身体素质而言， 快节奏音乐更有益。此处指有利于加强身体素质， strengthen“加强”与画线词意思一致。故选D。 Ⅱ.七选五 In your life, sometimes you may be asked to speak in front of a large group of people.Although it sounds a little scary, even those with stage fright can speak successfully to the group with adequate preparation. Practice your speech before the big day. 1 If possible, practice the speech in front of a friend or family member to get used to saying it to real people.If you feel you must have note cards, limit the amount to about three.This will force you to keep your speech brief and help you keep your eyes focused on your audience. Remember why you've been invited to speak.If you're battling fear of speaking to a large group of people, keep your mind on the fact that you were selected for this important role.The speech organizers must have seen something valuable in you or your expertise. 2 Remember that fear of public speaking is very common. 3 Most people would be feeling the same fear and stress that you do in your position.Knowing this may make you feel better. 4 What you say should be tailored to why you're there and who you're speaking to in order to avoid sounding general.If speaking to a charity group, mention the good work certain specific individuals have done for the cause.If speaking at a business conference, briefly state why you want to help these people. Keep eye contact with the crowd. 5 Pick one person in each section and look at him while you're speaking.After each important point in your speech, switch your focus to another section.When you focus only on one person at a time, the size of the crowd isn't as frightening. A．A good memory is really helpful. B．Show appreciation to your audience. C．Mention your audience in your speech. D．The more you have it memorized, the better. E．In fact，it's normal to feel awkward or stressed out before a big speech. F．Separate the crowd into three sections mentally as you get up to speak. G．The knowledge of other people's respect for you should reduce some of the fear. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章就在舞台上面对观众进行演讲时如何克服恐惧提出了一些建议。 1．解析　D　根据前一句即本段的主旨句“在这个重要的日子之前，练习你的演讲”可知，该空对上文作具体说明，故D项“你记住的越多，就会越好”符合语境。 2．解析　G　根据前一句“演讲组织者一定是看中了你的某种价值，或是你的专业技能”并分析选项可知G项“知道其他人对你的尊敬应该会减少一些恐惧”符合语境，逻辑通顺，故选G。 3．解析　E　设空处与上下文构成的结构为：记住，害怕公开演讲是很常见的→ E →大多数人会和你一样感到恐惧和压力。由此可知，E选项“事实上，在重要的演讲之前，感到尴尬或是焦虑不安是正常的”承接上文，引出下文，起承上启下的作用。故选E。 4．解析　C　根据本空下文的“who you're speaking to...If speaking to a charity group...If speaking at a business conference”可知这一段主要讲了要在演讲中提到你的听众，故选C。 5．解析　F　根据下一句中的线索词section(部分)可知F项“在你起身发言的时候，在脑子里把人群分成三个部分”符合题意，故选F。 Ⅲ.语法填空 Peking Opera is 1. form of traditional Chinese theatre which combines music，vocal performance，mime, dance and acrobatics.It arose in the late 18th century and became 2. (full) developed and recognised by the mid­19th century.The form was extremely popular in the Qing Dynasty court and has come to be regarded as one of the 3. (culture) treasures of China.Major performance troupes (剧团) 4. (base) in Beijing and Tianjin in the north，and Shanghai in the south.It has also spread to other countries such as the United States and Japan. Peking Opera comes 5. four local operas, Hui Opera in Anhui, Han Opera in Hubei, Kun Opera in Jiangsu and Qinqiang in Shanxi.It has drawn the merits of these local operas and created its own style. Speech, song, dance and combat 6. (be) the four classic performing arts in Peking Opera，which are also the basic 7. (skill) for performers and are usually trained since the performers are very young.There are many roles in Peking Opera, mainly Sheng，Dan, Jing, and Chou，each of 8. has its own costume and mask­paintings. Masks with different colours have different meanings，which is used 9. (represent) the character of the roles and illustrate their emotional state. No China trip is complete without 10. (watch) the classic Peking Opera！Enjoy the fantastic Peking Opera! [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。京剧作为传播中国传统艺术文化的重要媒介，有其不可替代的地位和艺术魅力。 1．解析　a　考查冠词。此处泛指一种形式且form是以辅音音素开头，所以用不定冠词a。 2．解析　fully　考查副词。修饰句子的谓语部分要用副词。 3．解析　cultural　考查形容词。修饰名词要用形容词。 4．解析　are based　考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。句子主语和base之间是被动关系，所以用被动语态；描述的是现在的情况，所以用一般现在时；主语为复数名词，所以用are based。 5．解析　from　考查介词。come from是动词短语，意为“来自于”。 6．解析　are　考查主谓一致。主语为and连接的四个名词，所以谓语动词用are。 7．解析　skills　考查名词复数。skill为可数名词，根据从句中的谓语动词are可知此处用复数形式。 8．解析　which　考查定语从句。先行词为物，空处引导非限制性定语从句且句中缺少主语，所以用which引导。 9．解析　to represent　考查非谓语动词。be used to do sth意为“被用来做某事”，固定用法。 10．解析　watching　考查非谓语动词。介词without后跟动词的­ing形式作宾语。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$