Unit5 1 Starting out & Understanding ideas(Word练习)-【精讲精练】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第二册（外研版2019）

Ⅰ.单词拼写 1．To decrease　(减少) the amount of rubbish and to protect the environment，more governments are requiring people to recycle materials. 2．With the introduction of the new machines，our production has greatly multiplied　(倍增). 3．It is significant to create homes for species that are endangered because of losing their own natural habitat(s)　(栖息地). 4．His study is in chaos　(大混乱) for his housekeeper gave up trying to put his papers in order. 5．This kind of virus　(病毒) is so strong that it can't be killed at the temperature at high as 50℃. 6．　Substantial　(大量的) numbers of people support the reforms. 7．The shabby house collapsed　(倒坍) before the soldier could help the woman out. 8．They had received no news of him since his departure　(离开) from the island. Ⅱ.单句语法填空 1．We need to settle this problem today once and for all because we have to do new tasks tomorrow. 2．With so many years going by，our hometown has changed dramatically (dramatic). 3．Days before my departure　(depart)for Shanghai，my cousin made a prediction that I would fall in love with China. 4．As the chart shows，the sales of our company in 2022 decreased by 30% because of the epidemic. 5．It was announced that only when the fire was under control would the residents be permitted to return to their homes. 6．Not only children but also adults have a growing appetite for junk food nowadays. 7．Published last week，the book provides refreshing solutions to the long­term problem of the conservation　(conserve) of water. 8．The ordinary people all look at the intelligent man with admiration because under no circumstances will he fail to cope　(cope) with emergencies. 9．Living in harmony with others is easier said than done，especially in a world filled with conflict and different opinions. 10．People around the world are becoming more and more concerned about the population explosion　(explode). Ⅲ.完成句子 1．我从未见过如此惊人的表演。(部分倒装) 　Never have I seen such an amazing performance. 2．杰克明确向我表示，他大学毕业之后要去服兵役。(形式宾语) Jack made it clear to me that he would serve in the army after graduation from university. 3．他将自己的个人成功更多地归功于多年的努力工作而不是运气。(owe) He owed his personal success more to his years of hard work than to his good luck. Ⅳ.课文语法填空 Macquarie Island used to be a 1.　harmonious　(harmony) natural habitat with its native inhabitants. In 1810，humans arrived on the island，together with rats and mice which posed a huge threat to birds' eggs and baby birds.Cats were brought 2.　to the island to get rid of the rats and mice.3.　Unexpectedly　(unexpected)，they also grew to be fond of the birds.At the same time，rabbits were introduced to the island as a source of food for humans.They reproduced rapidly，eating native plants and digging holes，4.　which caused soil erosion.The number of cats increased with the explosion of rabbit population.In turn，5.　more　(many) birds were hunted，eventually resulting in the extinction of parakeets. In the 1970s，the rabbits were out of control.Experts felt it necessary 6.　to remove　(remove) all the rabbits from the island.Therefore，a virus was released onto the island.Although the virus was effective，it also meant less food for the cats，which turned their attention back to birds.In the 1980s，traps and dogs 7.　were put　(put) into use to catch the cats.With the disappearance of cats，the mice and rats started to increase.Meanwhile，there were still 10，000 or so rabbits which developed 8.　an immunity to the virus，so their numbers exploded once again. In 2006，a substantial number of penguins were killed in the collapse caused by rabbits' 9.　digging　(dig).Consequently，a programme was launched to tackle the problem once and for all，aimed at removing the last 10.　remaining　(remain) invading species，and giving harmony back to the island.In 2014，Macquarie Island was finally on the way to recovery. Ⅰ.阅读理解 A I had been living with Dino and his family for ten days or so，who lived and worked in the rainforest.They were the “bad guys”，burning much of the western Amazon to turn it into cattle farms.They were also some of the nicest and warmest hosts.They are a family trying to survive in a very tough environment through hard work.Their view and understanding of the problems the Amazon faces are different from mine.I see the Amazon as an extraordinary valuable life that should be treasured and protected at all costs — the world needs it，and we all need it.However，the Dinos see the Amazon as a vast，lasting resource that feeds them.After talking extent with them，I realized their respect for it was as deep as my own: they just saw it very differently. Cattle farming in the Amazon is perhaps mainly responsible for the fires we are seeing now.It is an industry of cutting forest，burning it and turning it into cattle farms.Fires spread throughout the Amazon every year as a result of that practice.Putting cattle on the land means replacing trees with animals that produce damaging levels of greenhouse gases.This is just about the most stupid thing humans can do. One morning after a fire，I returned to the land.I felt as though I had seen the blue smoke from those blackened tree trunks that remained upright，which are memorials to human stupidity. The problems the Amazon faces are perhaps more complex now than ever before，but they are curable.We need to decide where and how we appoint and apply values based on sensible economic models that favour both the farmer and the forest.One of the issues facing the Brazilian Amazon now is a loosening of rules by the current administration which has opened up more land for deforestation (毁林) and burning.This could be disastrous，both for the Amazon and the rest of the world. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者通过讲述进入亚马孙雨林与当地居民居住的亲身经历，思考和探讨了亚马孙雨林亟待解决的人与自然共存的问题。作者认为巴西政府应该采取更严格的措施来解决亚马孙雨林被破坏的问题。 1．What does paragraph 2 mainly talk about? A．The consequences of cattle farming. B．The main cause of forest fires. C．The causes of greenhouse gases. D．The importance of cattle farming. 解析　段落大意题。根据第二段中的“Fires spread throughout...thing humans can do.”可知，第二段主要讲了养牛业的后果。 答案　A 2．How did the author feel when returning to the land after a fire? A．It helped the author recall his memory about the land. B．It reminded the author of humans' foolishness of destroying the land. C．It's not surprising to see the land destroyed by the fire. D．It's amazing to see the trees keep straight after the fire. 解析　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“I felt as though...memorials to human stupidity.”可知，作者在火灾后返回陆地的感觉是：它使作者想起了人们破坏土地的愚蠢行为。 答案　B 3．Which of the following statements is TRUE? A．The writer and Dino respected the Amazon equally in different ways. B．Cattle farming is not to blame for the fires happening in the Amazon. C．The problems the Amazon faces are more complex and can't be solved. D．The Dinos are considered to be bad for burning the forest to make a fortune. 解析　细节理解题。根据第一段中的最后一句可知，作者和Dino以不同的方式平等地尊重亚马孙。 答案　A 4．What should the Brazilian government do to solve the Amazon problems? A．Prevent the deeds of burning. B．Offer more land. C．Take stricter measures. D．Appoint economic models. 解析　细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“One of the issues...the rest of the world.”可知，现任巴西政府放松了对森林砍伐和焚烧的限制，这对亚马孙和世界其他地区来说都是灾难，所以巴西政府应该采取更严格的措施来解决亚马孙的问题。 答案　C B As the Earth warms from the increase of carbon dioxide in its atmosphere，the oceans that cover 70 percent of its surface are warming too.This warming will likely benefit some sea species at the expense of others. A study in the May 20 issue of the journal Nature confirmed that there has been a warming trend in the world's oceans since 1993，as the waters have absorbed much of the extra energy in the planet's atmosphere. The warming that has already occurred，and is expected to continue in the coming decades，will likely spell bad news for many ocean species，such as corals and species that live in the cold waters of the planet's poles.But some creatures beneath the ocean surface might actually have an advantage in the newly warmed waters. A 2008 study，for example，said that a warming of just a few degrees Fahrenheit in Antarctic waters could make them suitable for sharks，which haven't lived in the area for about 40 million years.It's easier for sharks to keep their high metabolism (新陈代谢) in warmer waters.If sharks do move into the area，they could cause damage to the existing ecosystems of the oceans around Antarctica. A study of starfish (海星) found these typical ocean creatures grew faster in waters at warmer temperatures and higher carbon dioxide levels (another result of all the extra greenhouse gas in the atmosphere) than in normal conditions—which is bad news for the shellfish they live on. Work by Jeremy Jackson，a professor at the Scripps Institution of Oceanography of the University of California San Diego，suggests that ocean warming—along with other threats such as overfishing and habitat destruction—could change once complex ocean ecosystems into ones that favor simpler species，such as microbes，toxic algal blooms and jellyfish. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了全球变暖会改变海洋生物的生存环境，并且影响海洋的生态系统，但有些海洋生物却能从中获益。 5．How is paragraph 3 mainly developed? A．By giving examples. B．By analyzing causes. C．By making comparisons. D．By making classifications. 解析　写作手法题。根据第三段的内容，尤其是“But”的转折可知，本段主要是通过对比海洋变暖对哪些生物有利及对哪些生物有害来行文的。 答案　C 6．What can we know about sharks from the fourth paragraph? A．They are native to Antarctic waters. B．They do harm to the whole ecosystem. C．They can benefit from warm water conditions. D．They threaten simpler species in Antarctic waters. 解析　细节理解题。根据第四段中的“a warming...make them suitable for sharks”及“It's easier for sharks to keep their high metabolism in warmer waters.”可知，鲨鱼能够从温暖的水环境中获益。 答案　C 7．What will ocean warming likely bring about? A．Promoting the growth of starfish. B．An ecosystem of smaller creatures. C．Different food sources for sea creatures. D．Damaging living places of deep­sea species. 解析　细节理解题。根据第五段的内容可知，海星在水温比较高的水域会生长得更快，即海洋变暖会促进海星的生长。 答案　A 8．What is the purpose of the passage? A．To explain why ocean warming benefits some species. B．To introduce how creatures survive in warmer oceans. C．To clarify some misunderstandings about ocean warming. D．To show which sea species will benefit from warmer oceans. 解析　写作意图题。纵观全文，尤其是根据第一段中的“This warming will likely benefit some sea species at the expense of others.”可知，作者写作本文主要是为了告诉我们哪些海洋生物能从海洋变暖中获益。 答案　D Ⅱ.完形填空 We have lived in this house in Arizona for a few years now.In our 1 there is a swimming pool and two trees that are taller than the house. The first spring we were here we 2 what was to become a common phenomenon.There is a period of several weeks when baby birds fall from the trees and 3 in our backyard every year.Most of the time they are strong and 4 and just need a few days to learn to fly. At first we had to frighten our cats and dog away as they 5 the birds.Perhaps，our pets thought these little 6 were toys for them to play with.We quickly 7 that our backyard was no place for bigger animals during this 8 time for the little birds to learn to fly. Every spring，when our dog and cats want to take a 9 in the backyard，we let the dog out only in the front yard and the cats 10 indoors.During this time my husband and I 11 the birds in the backyard. Sometimes the birds have to be saved from the swimming pool because the water might 12 them.Sometimes they have to be 13 in the branches of the trees as they can't fly up.Every baby bird needs a safe place to 14 and grow up，just like us when we are not strong.Thus，it will make a great 15 if we could be kind enough to whoever might be in need of help or in an unfortunate situation. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者家的后院里有两棵树。树上会掉下一些幼鸟，为了保护这些幼鸟免受伤害，作者和家人对它们呵护有加的故事。作者认为，如果我们对每一个弱势个体都温柔以待，世界将会变得更加美好。 1．A.garden　　　　 B．garage C．backyard D．house 解析　根据第二段中的“in our backyard every year”和第三段中的“our backyard was no place for bigger animals”可推知，此处应指作者家的后院(backyard)里有一个游泳池和两棵树。 答案　C 2．A.heard B．expected C．understood D．noticed 解析　根据空后的“a common phenomenon”和下文的描述可知，此处应指在这里居住的第一个春天，作者他们注意(notice)到一个常见现象。 答案　D 3．A.get about B．wake up C．settle down D．make up 解析　根据空前的“fall from the trees”及下文中的“need a few days to learn to fly”并结合常识可知，此处应指幼鸟从树上掉下来，在作者家的后院里四处走动(get about)。 答案　A 4．A.powerful B．healthy C．friendly D．beautiful 解析　根据空前的“strong”和空后的“just need a few days to learn to fly”可知，此处指多数时候这些幼鸟都是强壮的、健康的(healthy)，只需要几天来学习飞行。 答案　B 5．A.scared B．approached C．killed D．observed 解析　根据空前的“frighten our cats and dog away”并结合常识可推知，此处指刚开始家里的小猫、小狗靠近(approach)这些幼鸟时，作者和家人不得不吓走它们。 答案　B 6．A.creatures B．friends C．wonders D．neighbors 解析　根据第二段中的“when baby birds fall from the trees”可知，此处指作者的宠物以为这些小动物(creature)是供它们玩乐的玩具。 答案　A 7．A.denied B．proved C．declared D．realized 解析　根据空后的“our backyard was no place for bigger animals”可知，此处应指作者很快意识到(realize)后院在这段时间内不能允许体形较大的动物进去。 答案　D 8．A.comfortable B．precious C．boring D．dark 解析　根据下文中的“to learn to fly”可知，此处指在这些幼鸟学习飞行的宝贵(precious)时期。 答案　B 9．A.break B．chance C．shower D．seat 解析　根据下文中的“let the dog out only in the front yard”可知，此处指当作者的小猫、小狗想在后院休息(take a break)一下时。 答案　A 10．A.sleep B．jump C．stay D．chase 解析　根据常识可知，此处指作者只允许小狗待在前院，小猫待(stay)在室内。 答案　C 11．A.watch out for B．look at C．search for D．play with 解析　根据上文中的“let the dog out only in the front yard”及下文中的“Sometimes the birds have to be saved from the swimming pool”可知，此处表示在这段时间内，作者和丈夫会密切关注(watch out for)后院里的幼鸟。 答案　A 12．A.flood B．drown C．poison D．reach 解析　根据常识可知，此处应指游泳池中的水可能会将幼鸟淹死(drown)。 答案　B 13．A.sought B．supported C．hung D．placed 解析　根据下文中的“as they can't fly up”可知，此处应指有时不得不将它们放(place)到树枝上，因为它们飞不上去。 答案　D 14．A.stand B．struggle C．walk D．land 解析　根据空后的“grow up”可知，此处指每只幼鸟都需要一个安全的地方来着陆(land)和成长。 答案　D 15．A.choice B．promise C．difference D．decision 解析　根据空后内容可知，此处为作者的感悟：如果我们都能够善良地帮助那些需要帮助或处于不幸境况中的人，这将会产生很大的影响(make a difference)。 答案　C 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$