Unit5 Section2 Using language(Word教参)-【精讲精练】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第二册（外研版2019）

Section Ⅱ　Using language 当动词不定式(短语)、v.­ing(短语)或从句作宾语时，为了保持句子结构的平衡，常用it作形式宾语，而将真正的宾语放在句子后面。常以it作形式宾语的动词：feel，consider，find，believe，make，think等。 1．it作形式宾语，代替动词不定式(短语) ◆We make it a rule to visit the old every weekend. 我们规定每个周末都去拜访老人。 ◆He likes to stay up late，so he often feels sleepy，which makes it difficult for him to concentrate on what he is doing. 他喜欢熬夜，所以经常犯困，这使他难以专注于正在做的事情。 2．it作形式宾语，代替v.­ing(短语) 用v.­ing(短语)作真正的宾语时，其宾补通常是no use，no good，useless，a waste of time，worthwhile等。 ◆I don't think it worthwhile taking the trouble to do it. 我认为这件事不值得费心去做。 [即时演练1]——单句语法填空 (1)We feel it our duty to make our country a better place in a near future. (2)No matter where he is，he makes it a rule to go (go) for a walk before breakfast. (3)I think it no good spending　(spend) too much time watching TV every day. 3．it作形式宾语，代替从句 (1)在一些习惯用法中，it在hate，like，love，appreciate，enjoy，depend on，rely on，count on等动词后作形式宾语，代替其后的宾语从句。 ◆I hate it when someone makes a mess of my learning materials on my desk. 我讨厌有人把我桌子上的学习材料弄得乱七八糟。 ◆I would appreciate it if you could let me know in advance whether or not you will come. 如果你能提前告诉我你是否会来，我将不胜感激。 (2)在一些特殊结构中，常用it作形式宾语。 owe it to sb that 多亏……/幸亏…… take it for granted that...认为……是理所当然的 see to it that...确保…… ◆Tom owes it to his doctor's care that he is quite well again. 汤姆把身体又好起来归功于医生的照料。 ◆He seemed to take it for granted that he should speak as a representative. 他似乎理所当然地认为他应当作为代表发言。 [即时演练2]——完成句子 (1)你放心，我们会一直帮助你的。 You depend on it that we shall always help you. (2) 我想当然地认为他们不会来了。 I took it for granted that they would not come. (3) 如果你能考虑我的建议我将感激不尽。 I would appreciate it if you could take my suggestion into consideration. [核心词汇] 1．break down分解；出故障；(精神、身体等)垮掉；失控痛哭；消除 (教材原句)Decomposers break down dead animal and vegetable matter into nutrients， 分解者把死去的动植物分解成营养物质。 break in强行进入；打断(谈话)，插嘴 break into闯入，破门而入 break out爆发，突然发生 break through突破；克服，战胜 break up打碎，破碎；解散；结束；拆散 [练通]——写出下列句中break down的含义 (1)The truck my dad drove often broke down on the way，which made my dad in trouble.　(机器)出故障 (2)If Tim carries on working like this，he'll break down sooner or later.　(身体)垮掉　 (3)Getting young people together will help to break down the barriers between them.　消除　 [写美]——完成句子 (4)科学家认为他们在对抗癌症的研究中开始有所突破。 Scientists think they are beginning to break through in the fight against cancer. 2．take in 吸收；理解；欺骗；收留 (教材原句)They absorb water，and take in nutrients from the soil and energy from the sun. 他们汲取水分，从土壤中吸收营养，从太阳中吸收能量。 take off起飞；匆匆离去；脱下；大获成功 take on呈现；雇用；承担 take over接收；接管；取代 take up占去；占据；开始从事 [练通]——用take的相关短语填空 (1) I could hardly take in what the teacher said in class，which made me in low spirits. (2)Smartphones not only take up our valuable time，but also do great harm to our health. (3)I watched him take off his basketball uniform and replace it with a baseball uniform. [写美]——应用文佳句 (4)随着科技的发展，我们的祖国呈现出新的面貌。 With the development of science and technology，our country has taken on a new look　. Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．At first we took it for granted that they would accept the suggestion. 2．How would you like it if you were watching your favorite TV program and someone came into the room and just shut it off without asking you? 3．We all thought it a pity that the conference should have been cancelled. 4．We should always keep it in mind that no knowledge gained is ever wasted. 5．The professor considers it no good reading　(read) without understanding. 6．Most people feel it necessary for people to raise　(raise) their awareness of fighting the epidemic. Ⅱ.语法与写作 1．我认为不记单词掌握一门外语是不可能的。 I don't think it possible to master a foreign language without remembering words. 2．我精通英语，这使得我更容易找到一份好工作。 I have a good command of English，which makes it easier for me to find a good job　. 3．你可以相信，中国始终是那个能保持睦邻友好的国家。 You can depend on it that China is always a country to live in harmony with her neighbors. 4．我认为你没有告诉他这个坏消息是正确的。 I think it right that you didn't tell him the bad news. 5．如果你能给我一个机会，我将不胜感激。 　I'd appreciate it if you could give me a chance. Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．Don't be taken in by products promising to make you lose weight quickly. 2．When deeply absorbed　(absorb) in work，which he often was，he would forget all about eating or sleeping. 3．Such traditional customs have been in existence (exist)for thousands of years in our country. 4．—The machine is working again! —Yes，it broke down yesterday，but it has been fixed. 5．He took it for granted that he would pass the exam，but he failed it. 6．I would appreciate it if you could give me a hand with my work tomorrow. 7．Although it isn't allowed to set off fireworks，people still think it necessary to celebrate　(celebrate) the Spring Festival. 8．I hate it when people throw rubbish away everywhere when they travel. 9．I think it no use urging　(urge) him to give up smoking because he is so stubborn. 10．Most computer users think it necessary for their software to be updated　(update) regularly. Ⅱ.语法与写作 1．我认为被邀请在这发言是我的荣幸。 I think it my honor to be invited to speak here. 2．她认为把那件事告诉他没有用，因为他不在乎。 She thought it no use/useless telling him about that，because he didn't care. 3．我认为我们每天喝足够的水是必要的。 I think it necessary that we drink plenty of water every day. 4．如果你能就如何学好英语给我提一些建议，我将不胜感激。 I would appreciate it if you could give me some advice on how to learn English well. 5．我讨厌人们在背后议论我。 I hate it when people talk about me behind my back. Ⅲ.用语篇练语法 Once I found it difficult 1.　to memorise　(memorise) English words when I studied English.I even hated 2.　it when I attended an English class.Last year，my best friends in America gave me some advice on studying English.When you study a foreign language，you should not depend on 3.　it that others will help you.I think it useless 4.　complaining (complain)about how difficult it is.I think 5.　it worthwhile spending more time communicating with native speakers.Finally，you will make rapid progress in English. Ⅰ.阅读理解 A When she first started learning about the climate change from one of her elders，Fawn Sharp was invited on a helicopter flight over the Olympic Mountains to survey the Mount Anderson glacier.But the glacier was gone，melted by the warming climate.Sharp had a deep sense of loss when she discovered the glacier wasn't there anymore. Loss is a growing issue for people working and living on the front lines of climate change.And that gave Jennifer Wren Atkinson，a full­time lecturer at the University of Washington Bothell，US，an idea for a class. This term，she taught students on the Bothell campus about the emotional burdens of environmental studies.She used the experiences of Native American tribes (部落)，scientists and activists，and asked her 24 students to face the reality that there is no easy fix—that “this is such an intractable problem that they're going to be dealing with it for the rest of their lives.” Student Cody Dillon used to be a climate science skeptic (怀疑论者).Then he did his own reading and research，and changed his mind. Dillon wasn't going into environmental work—he was a computer­science major.Yet，the potential for a worldwide environmental catastrophe seemed so real to him five years ago that he quit his job and became a full­time volunteer for an environmental group that worked on restoration (恢复) projects. Six months into the work，he decided that Atkinson's class was just what he was looking for—a place where he could discuss his concerns about a changing climate. Atkinson said she hoped the class helped her students prepare themselves for the amount of environmental loss that will happen over their lifetimes. “We are already changing the planet—so many species are going to be lost，displaced or massively impacted，” she said.“The future isn't going to be what they imagined.” [语篇解读]　福恩·夏普通过一次搭乘直升机飞行的经历认识到冰川融化的严重性。同时珍妮弗·雷恩·阿特金森给学生开设了课程，教学生如何面对气候变化，她的课程让很多学生关注环境问题。 1．Why did the author mention the case of Fawn Sharp? A．To lay a basis for Fawn Sharp's further research. B．To prove Fawn Sharp's work is similar to Atkinson's.　 C．To lead into the issue of loss caused by climate change. D．To show scientists' concern about the Mount Anderson glacier. 解析　推理判断题。通读第一段可知，福恩·夏普在一次直升机飞行中意识到气候变化导致了冰川融化；由此可推知，作者在第一段中提及她的例子是为了引出下文气候变化导致环境问题的话题。 答案　C 2．What's the main purpose of Atkinson's class? A．To explore how different people deal with climate change. B．To get students more concerned about the environmental issue. C．To find solutions to the environmental issue of Olympic Mountains. D．To teach students how to conduct research about environment. 解析　细节理解题。根据第三段内容可知，她给学生讲环境研究的情感压力，并让她的24个学生面对没有简单的解决方法这个事实。由此可知，阿特金森的课程是为了让学生们更加关注环境问题。 答案　B 3．Which of the following words can best explain “intractable” underlined in paragraph 3? A．Simple.　　　　 B．Difficult. C．Common. D．Interesting. 解析　词义猜测题。根据上文可知，阿特金森用美洲土著部落、科学家以及积极分子们的经历让她的24个学生面对没有简单的解决方法这个事实，并结合该句中的“this is such...the rest of their lives”可知，这是一个如此困难的问题以至于学生们将用他们的余生来解决它。 答案　B 4．How did Atkinson's class influence Dillon? A．It made him work as a part­time volunteer for restoration projects. B．It made him realize a planet­wide climate disaster would happen. C．It encouraged him to be more involved in environmental protection. D．It discouraged him to work on restoration projects for the environment. 解析　推理判断题。根据倒数第三段内容可知，迪伦在环保组织做了六个月志愿者之后，他认为在阿特金森的课堂上可以讨论他对气候变化的担忧；由此可推知，阿特金森的课程鼓励了迪伦参与环境保护。 答案　C B The African elephant，the largest land animal remaining on earth，is of great importance to African ecosystem.Unlike other animals，the African elephant is to a great extent the builder of its environment.As a big plant­eater，it largely shapes the forest and savanna (大草原) surroundings in which it lives，therefore setting the terms of existence for millions of other animals that live in its habitat. It is the elephant's great desire for food that makes it a disturber of the environment and an important builder of its habitat.In its continuous search for the 300 pounds of plants it must have every day，it kills small trees and underbushes，and pulls branches off big trees.This results in numerous open spaces in both deep tropical forests and in the woodlands that cover part of the African savannas.In these open spaces are numerous plants in various stages of growth that attract a variety of other plant­eaters. Take the rain forests for example.In their natural state，the spreading branches overhead shut out sunlight and prevent the growth of plants on the forest floor.By pulling down trees and eating plants，elephants make open spaces，allowing new plants to grow on the forest floor.In such situations，the forests become suitable for large hoofed plant­eaters to move around and for small plant­eaters to get their food as well. What worries scientists now is that the African elephant has become an endangered species.If the elephant disappears，scientists say，many other animals will also disappear from vast areas of forest and savanna，greatly changing and worsening the whole ecosystem. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了在非洲草原的生物链中大象的重要作用，它不断地寻找食物拓宽了其他动物的生存空间。 5．What is the passage mainly about? A．Disappearance of African elephants. B．Forests and savannas as habitats for African elephants. C．The effect of African elephants' search for food. D．The eating habit of African elephants. 解析　主旨大意题。根据第一段中的“The African elephant...African ecosystem.”及下文的具体介绍可知，文章主要介绍了非洲象寻找食物的习惯给非洲生态系统所带来的重要影响。 答案　C 6．What does the underlined phrase “setting the terms” most probably mean? A．Fixing the time. B．Worsening the state. C．Improving the quality. D．Deciding the conditions. 解析　词义猜测题。根据画线短语所在句可知，非洲象塑造了草原的环境，那么也决定了其他动物的生存条件。 答案　D 7．What do we know about the open spaces in the passage? A.They result from the destruction of rain forests. B．They provide food mainly for African elephants. C.They are home to many endangered animals. D．They are attractive to plant­eating animals of different kinds. 解析　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“In these open spaces...other plant­eaters.”可知，这些开阔的空间对不同种类的食草动物非常有吸引力。 答案　D 8．How is the passage developed? A．By showing the effect and then explaining the causes. B．By pointing out similarities and differences. C．By describing the changes in space order. D．By giving examples. 解析　写作手法题。通读全文可知，第一段先提到了非洲象对环境的作用，然后具体解释非洲象如何为其他动物创造了生存环境。由此可知，这篇文章主要通过展示结果，然后解释原因来展开。 答案　A Ⅱ.七选五 More people are starting to realize that living a green lifestyle isn't as hard as it might seem. 1 You don't have to completely change the way you live，you just need to make a few small changes.From recycling to green shopping，each small change you make can really make a difference. The most important benefit of living a green lifestyle is that you are helping the environment. 2 You will be helping preserve our natural resources，reduce pollution and do your part for wildlife conservation.It does feel very rewarding when you start making positive changes and feeling as though you are making a difference to such an important cause. 3 This can be done by using energy­efficient lights and appliances，solar panels (太阳能电池板) and simply by being aware of how much energy you are using.If you are able to grow your own produce then you won't have to spend as much on food shopping.When it comes to going green，there are lots of ways of saving money. 4 Once you have picked up some good tips and green living techniques you can pass them on to other people. 5 Your children will grow up understanding the importance of living a green lifestyle and will learn how to reduce their impact on the environment. A．But it's never that easy. B．There are many ways you can do your bit. C．Energy­efficient lights play an important role. D．Recycling is also another great way of saving money. E．Another benefit of going green is to reduce your energy bills. F．By going green you will reduce your impact on the environment. G．You can also educate people around you about the benefits of going green. [语篇解读]　本文讲述了过绿色生活带来的益处。 1．B　空前提到很多人意识到过绿色生活似乎没有那么难，空后提到过绿色生活的一些具体做法，故B项符合语境，起承上启下的作用。 2．F　根据本段内容可知，本段讲述过绿色生活的一个益处是有助于环境，故F项符合语境。 3．E　分析文章结构可知，空处是本段的主旨句。本段讲述过绿色生活可以节省日常开支，是其另外一个益处，故E项符合语境。 4．D　根据空前的“there are lots of ways of saving money”可知，空处应该与节省钱有关，D项承接上文。且D项中的saving money与空前的saving money 相照应。 5．G　根据空前的“you can pass them on to other people” 和空后的“Your children will grow up understanding the importance” 可知，空处讲述的应该是你把过绿色生活的知识传给其他人，G项符合语境。 Ⅲ.语法填空 Over the last 200 years, humans have become the dominant species on the earth. As a result, the natural world 1. (suffer) greatly. Today，almost half of the planet's land is used for agriculture and food 2. (produce), forcing our wide spaces into dramatic retreat(消退). The global rate of extinction is 3. (high) than it's ever been, while the climate crisis continues to speed up. Therefore, many environmentalists are turning to “rewilding”，4. is aimed at saving our disappearing biodiversity. So, what 5. (exact) is rewilding? In theory, the concept is simple : restore (修复) land，6. let nature take back control. Currently, there are hundreds of rewilding projects taking place across Europe，7. (spread) from the UK all the way down to the eastern Balkans. For these projects 8. (succeed), they need a special sort of person－highly skilled，and fiercely passionate individuals, or groups，willing to devote 9. (they) to the restoration of the wild. Because humans are responsible 10. the terrible state of the natural world，only significant human effort will make positive changes to the damage done. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇议论文。文章谈论了由于人类的发展，自然界遭受了巨大的损失，并呼吁只有人类的巨大努力才能对所造成的破坏做出积极的改变。 1．suffers/has suffered/has been suffering　考查动词的时态。根据上文中的“Over the last 200 years the...on the earth”可知，此处可用一般现在时，描述现实情况；也可以用现在完成时表示过去的动作对现在的影响；也可以用现在完成进行时，表示过去开始的动作一直持续到现在，并有继续下去的趋势。主语为第三人称单数，主谓应一致，故填 suffers/has suffered/has been suffering。 2．production　考查名词。根据前文中的介词for 可知，此处应用名词 production 作介词的宾语，production 是不可数名词，故填 production。 3．higher　考查形容词比较级。根据后文中的比较连词 than 可知，此处应用形容词比较级作表语。故填 higher。 4．which　考查定语从句。分析句子可知，此处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为前面主句部分，关系代词 which 引导从句，在从句中作主语。故填 which。 5．exactly　考查副词。修饰动词应用副词，故填 exactly。 6．and　考查连词。后文中的“let nature take back control”顺承前文，和前文是并列关系。故填 and。 7．spreading　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处为非谓语，动词 spread 和主语之间是主谓关系，故用其现在分词形式作状语。故填 spreading。 8．to succeed　考查非谓语动词。此处表示目的，应填不定式，故填 to succeed。 9．themselves　考查反身代词。动词 devote 的动作对象是其逻辑主语自身，应用they 的反身代词作宾语，devote oneself to“ 献身于，致力于”是固定搭配。故填 themselves。 10．for　考查介词。be responsible for“对……负责”是固定搭配，故填 for。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$