2024年中考英语复习课件 定语从句

定语从句 定语从句的先行词 定语从句的关系词 关系代词的基本用法 关系代词 修饰的先行词 所作成分 who 人 主语、宾语 whom 人 宾语 that 人或物 主语、宾语、表语 which 物 主语、宾语、表语 whose 人或物 定语 as 人或物 主语、宾语、表语 注意: 关系代词在从句中做宾语时,通常可以省略。 The fish (which / that ) we bought this morning were not fresh. 关系代词who/that/whom/whose的用法 which/that的用法区别 1.只用which不用that的情况 2.限定性定语从句中,必须用关系代词that的情况 (1)当先行词是不定代词all, something, everything, anything, nothing, none等时。 (2)当先行词被 the only, the very 等词修饰时。This is the very person that I'm waiting for. (3)当先行词是形容词最高级或先行词的前面有形容词最高级修饰时。 (4)当先行词是序数词或它前面有序数词修饰时。 (5)当先行词既有人又有物时。Do you know the things and persons that they are talking about? (6)有两个定语从句,其中一个关系代词已用 which 时。 (7)当主句的主语是疑问词 who 或 which时。当主句的主语是疑问词 who 或 which时。 as/which的用法区别 1.which 引导的非限制性定语从句只能位于主句后,as引导的非限制性定语从句可位于主句之前,之中和之后。 She said she had finished her work, which I doubted very much. 她说她已经完成了工作,我对此深感怀疑。 As anybody can see,a computer can do almost everything people can. 正如人们所看到的那样,计算机几乎能做到人所能做的一切事情。 2.当非限制性定语从句为否定句或谓语带的是一个复合宾语结构时,常用which 引导。 He criticizes Mary in public, which she doesn't like at all. 他公开批评玛丽,对此她一点儿都不愿意。 3.引导限制性定语从句时, as常用于 such…as…, so…as…, the same…as…, as…as…结构中。 Such people as have made great contributions to the world should be greatly respected. 那些对世界作出重大贡献的人应受到极大的尊重。 It's the same person as we wanted to find yesterday. 我们昨天想要找到的是同一个人。 Such girls as he knows are good at English. 他所认识的女孩都擅长英语。 There is so warm a house as we all want to live in. 这里有如此暖和的一个房子,因此我们都想住在里面。 4.在句法上, as常用作一些实义动词,如see, know, hear, watch, remember, say, tell, show, expect, guess等的宾语,这类动词与as 几乎成了一种固定搭配。 As we all expected, the plan turned out to be very successful. 正如我们所期望的,该计划很成功。 5.as引导的从句主要起连接上下文的作用,表达说话人的观点、看法,意为“正如,正像”。which引导的从句在意义上相当于一个并列句,意为“这一点,这件事”。 As is known to all, China is a country with the largest population in the world. 众所周知,中国是世界上人口最多的国家。 He sold his bicycle, which surprised me. 他把自行车卖了,这使我感到奇怪。 [练全题点]单句语法填空 1.I made friends with the natives, and their reaction amazed me. They gave me presents of their favorite artworks ( that )they had refused to sell to tourists. 2.One important biological factor ( that ) helps women live longer is the difference in hormones between men and women. 3.I live next door to a couple ( whose ) children often make a lot of noise. 4.I prefer to work in black and white, ( which ) allows me to show different specific worlds more clearly. 5.Researchers have discovered that "night milk” contains more melatonin(褪黑激素), ( which ) has been proven to help people feel sleepy and reduce anxiety. 6.Simon is a comedian and actor ( that\who ) has 10 years' experience of teaching comedy. 7. He wrote many children's books, nearly half of ( which ) were published in the 1990s. 8.Creating an atmosphere in ( which ) employees feel part of a team is a big challenge. 9.We'll reach the sales targets in a month ( when ) we set at the beginning of the year. 10.Please send us all the information ( that ) you have about the candidate for the position. 介词+关系代词的用法 [练全题点] 单句语法填空 1.Frank Hurley, a confident and gifted Australian photographer who knew the Antarctic, was hired to make the images, most of ( which ) have never before been published. 2.Many young people, most of ( whom ) were well-educated, headed for remote regions to chase their dreams. 3.Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears, none of ( which ) has been proved. 4.Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill, upon ( which ) school education depends. 5.In the end, we reached the top of the mountain, ( where /in which ) appeared a rare rainbow soon. 6.I love my hometown ( in which ) I feel proud. 7.This is the reason( why ) he was absent from the meeting. 8.The way ( in which/that/不填 ) he solved the problem is simple and effective. 9.This is the farm ( in which /that ) my father grows fruit. 10.In our city there are several big public parks( in which ) many people can go to enjoy the beautiful scenery. 关系副词的用法 1.当先行词在定语从句中作状语时,要用到关系副词引导定语从句,表时间用when引导,表地点用where引导,表原因用why引导 He will always remember the day when his father returned from America. 他将永远记得他父亲从美国回来的那一天 The factory where his father works is the largest one in this city. 他父亲工作的那个工厂是这个城市最大的工厂。 I don't know the reason why he was absent today. 我不知道他今天为什么没来。 2.介词+关系代词=where/when/why/how where=表地点的介词(如 in.at, on, under)+which when=表时间的介词(如in,at,during)+which why=表原因的介词(for)+whichhow=表方式的介词(in)+which There are occasions when/on which one must yield. 任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。 Is this the reason why/for which he refused our offer of helping him? 这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗? Last year my parents went to the farm where/on which they worked 30 years ago again. 去年我父母又去了那个他们30年前劳动过的农场。 3.关于关系副词where 高考对于where的考查趋于复杂,从先行词为明显的“地点”转向模糊化的“地点”。 当先行词为表示“阶段、情况”等含义的抽象名词pointpositiop,situation,stage等时,也常用wherety 引导定语从句。 He got into a situation where it is hard to tell right from wrong. 他陷入一种难以分辨是非的局面。 They have reached the point where they have to separate with each other. 他们已经到了彼此必须分手的地步。 关系代词与关系副词的选用 单句语法填空 1.We will put off the picnic in the park until next week, ( that ) the weather may be better. 2.One day, mentally exhausted, I wrote down all the reasons ( that ) this problem could not be solved. 3.My connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s, ( when ) I was the first Western TV reporter. 4.So condors with high levels of lead are sent to Los Angeles Zoo, ( where ) they are treated with calcium EDTA, a chemical that removes lead from the blood over several days. 5.I had one trip last year ( when ) I was caught by a hurricane in America. 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