Unit 5 Languages Around the World Discovering Useful Structures（分层作业）英语人教版2019必修第一册

Unit 5 Languages Around the World Discovering Useful Structures分层作业 基础巩固 1、 单元核心单词翻译 1． ____________ adj. 出生地的;本地的;土著的n.本地人 2． _____________ n. 态度；看法 3． _____________  n． 体系；制度；系统 4． _____________ n.因素；要素 5． _____________ n. 符号；象征 6． _____________ n.      王朝；朝代 7． ____________ adj.传统的;典型的n.经典作品;名著 8． _____________ n.尊重；关注vt. 把……视为；看 9． _____________ n. 文字；符号；角色；品质；特点 10. _____________  n.   书法；书法艺术 【答案】native attitude system factor symbol dynasty classic regard character calligraphy 2、 重点短语默写 1. _____________ 指的是;描述;提到;查阅 2. _____________  沉浮；兴衰；荣辱 3. _____________追溯到 4. _____________无论 5. _____________ 观点；看法 6. _____________    与……相关；涉及；谈到 7. _____________ 导致；通向 8. _____________ 朝一个方向 9. ______________非常重要 10. _______________ 与某物联系起来 11. _____________在…扮演角色;发挥作用 12. a variety of _____________ 13. regard for _____________ 14. have sb ______ sth. 让某人做某事 15. listen to sb _____ 听某人正在做某事 16. ________________________在…方面有困难 17. senior _______ 比某人年长 18. aside from _____________ 19. take on _____________ 20. can’t help but do sth. _____________ 【答案】 1. refer to 指的是;描述;提到;查阅 2. ups and downs   沉浮；兴衰；荣辱 3. date back (to ...)追溯到 4. no matter… 无论 5. point_of_view 观点；看法 6. relate_to      与……相关；涉及；谈到 7. lead to 导致；通向 8. in one direction 朝一个方向 9. be of great importance非常重要 10. be connected with sth. 与某物联系起来 11. play a role in 在…扮演角色;发挥作用  12. a variety of 各种各样的 13. regard for 对……尊重/敬佩/关注 14. have sb do sth. 让某人做某事 15. listen to sb doing 听某人正在做某事 16. have trouble/difficulty/problems with 在…方面有问题/困难 17. senior to … 比某人年长 18. aside from 除…以外 19. take on 承担;接受 20. can’t help but do sth.忍不住做某事 三、总结关系副词的用法。 关系副词 先行词 在定从中充当的成分 相当于 Where When Why 【答案】 关系副词 先行词 在定从中充当的成分 相当于 Where 地点 地点状语 介词+which When 时间 时间状语 介词+which Why 原因 原因状语 for+which 【详解】考查关系副词的用法。Where引导定语从句时，先行词是表示地点的名词，在定从中充当地点状语，相当于“介词+which”；When引导定语从句时，先行词是表示时间的名词，在定从中充当时间状语，相当于“介词+which”；Why引导定语从句时，先行词是表原因的名词，在定从中充当原因状语，相当于“for+which”。故答案为：地点，地点状语，介词+which，时间，时间状语，介词+which，原因，原因状语，for+which。 能力提升 一、选词填空 选词填空：that, which, when, where, why 1．I will never forget the days we stayed together. 2．The reason he explained at the meeting was not sound. 3．The reason he was late was that he missed his train. 4．Keep the book in a place you can find it easily. 5．This is the house was built by my grandfather forty years ago. 【答案】1．when 2．that/which 3．why 4．where 5．which/that 【解析】1．when考查定语从句。句意：我永远不会忘记我们在一起的日子。先行词是days，关系词在从句中作时间状语，使用关系副词when引导，故填when。 2．that/which考查定语从句。句意：他在会上解释的理由不充分。先行词是reason，指物，关系词在从句中作explained宾语，使用关系代词that或which引导，故填that/which。 3．why考查定语从句。句意：他迟到的原因是他没赶上火车。先行词是reason，关系词在从句中作原因状语，使用关系副词why引导，故填why。 4．where考查定语从句。句意：把书放在你容易找到的地方。先行词是place，关系词在从句中作地点状语，使用关系副词where引导，故填where。 5．which/that考查定语从句。句意：这是我祖父四十年前建造的房子。先行词是house，指物，关系词在从句中作主语，使用关系代词which或that引导，故填which/that。 二、单句填空 1．The idea of the (间隔) year is getting popular around the world. 【答案】gap 【详解】考查名词。句意：间隔年的概念在世界各地越来越流行。句中表示“间隔年”用名词短语gap year，构成名词短语作宾语。故填gap。 2．His (词汇) was sound and his grammar was excellent. 【答案】vocabulary 【详解】考查名词。句意：他的词汇量很好，语法也很好。此处使用名词vocabulary“词汇”，作主语。故填vocabulary。 3． (本地的)English speakers can understand each other even if they don't speak the same kind of English. 【答案】Native 【详解】考查形容词。句意：以英语为母语的人可以相互理解，即使他们说的不是同一种英语。根据汉语意思提示可知，此处为形容词Native“本地的”作定语修饰后面的名词短语English speakers，满足句意要求。故填Native。 4．She promised to help me move into my new (公寓套房) on the weekend. 【答案】apartment 【详解】考查名词。句意：她答应周末帮我搬进新公寓。设空处使用名词作宾语，表示“公寓套房”用apartment。故填apartment。 5． (数十亿) of money has been spent on rebuilding those houses destroyed in the earthquake. 【答案】Billions 【详解】考查名词。句意：数十亿美元已用于重建那些在地震中被毁的房屋。billion“十亿”，billions of“数十亿”为固定搭配，位于句首，首字母大写。故填Billions。 6．I have a friend with I share a passion for traveling. 【答案】whom 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我有一个朋友，我和他一样热爱旅行。句中“介词+关系代词”引导限制性定语从句修饰先行词a friend，关系代词指代先行词作介词的宾语，指人，应用whom。故填whom。 7．The reason he was late for work was that he had an accident on the way. 【答案】why 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：他上班迟到的原因是他在路上出了车祸。分析句子可知，______ he was late for school为定语从句，先行词the reason，在定语从句中作原因状语，需用关系副词why引导。故填why。 8．The conflict had developed into a stage the two countries were gathering big troops on the border. 【答案】where 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：冲突已经发展到两国在边境集结大量军队的阶段。空处引导定语从句，先行词a stage，表示抽象地点，在定语从句中作地点状语，需用关系副词where引导。故填where。 9．The mountain village I used to stay for one night last year has taken on a new look. 【答案】where 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我去年住过一晚的那个山村面貌焕然一新。______ I used to stay for one night last year是定语从句，先行词the mountain village，关系词在定语从句中作地点状语，需用关系副词where引导。故填where。 10．People in China will never forget the year the virus raged and doctors fought bravely against it. 【答案】when 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：中国人民永远不会忘记疫情肆虐、医生勇敢抗击疫情的一年。分析句子可知，______the virus raged and doctors fought bravely against it为定语从句，先行词the year，在定语从句中作时间状语，需用关系副词when引导。故填when。 三、完成句子 1．Mr Lee bought his son a model airplane. His son showed an interest in it. (合并成复合句) Mr Lee bought his son a model airplane . 【答案】in which his son showed an interest 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：李先生给他儿子买了一架模型飞机。他的儿子对它很感兴趣。先行词是a model airplane，在定语从句中作介词in的宾语，用which引导定语从句，介词in提前，构成“介词+which”引导的宾语从句。故填in which his son showed an interest。 2．Nanshe Ancient Village has unique scenery. I stayed there with my family last year. (用限制性定语从句合并) → 【答案】Nanshe Ancient Village where I stayed with my family last year has unique scenery. 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：去年我和家人一起住的南社古村景色独特。原句中，第二句的there指代第一句的Nanshe Ancient Village，作地点状语，所以可用Nanshe Ancient Village作先行词，将第二句改为where引导的定语从句。故答案为：Nanshe Ancient Village where I stayed with my family last year has unique scenery. 3．他是你能求助的人。 He is the man you can turn for help. 【答案】to whom 【详解】考查定语从句和固定搭配。turn to sb. for help为固定搭配，意为“向某人求助”，空处引导定语从句，先行词the man，指人，在定语从句中作to的宾语，需用关系代词whom，引导。故填to whom。 4．我特别喜欢他教我们的方式.(the way作先行词的定语从句) I especially like the way 【答案】that/in which he teaches us 【详解】考查定语从句。分析句子可知，这里时态应用一般现在时，表示“他教我们的方式”应用the way that/in which he teaches us，其中先行词为the way，在从句中作方式状语，后面可用that或者in which引导定语从句。故填that/in which he teaches us。 5．图书馆是人们可以利用大量信息的地方。(定语从句) (汉译英) The library is a place 【答案】The library is a place where people can utilize a vast amount of information. 【详解】考查定语从句。题目要求使用定语从句翻译，经分析，可以将图书馆作为先行词，主句翻译为The library is a place，从句是“在图书馆人们可以利用大量信息”，也就是先行词place在从句中充当地点状语，使用where引导从句。从句中，“利用”可翻译为utilize，“大量信息”可翻译为a vast amount of information，描述客观事实，整个句子使用一般现在时即可。故整句可翻译为The library is a place where people can utilize a vast amount of information. 拓展延伸 一、阅读理解 Many of us have entertained the idea of learning a foreign language. Here are a few examples, ranked in order of the number of hours it takes the average English speakers to master them from lowest to highest: ●Easiest（about 600 hours of study） Want to have no trouble fitting in on the streets of Paris? You will make it after just 600 hours of study. The popular Latin languages —Italian, French, Spanish and Portuguese —require about 600 hours of study to achieve “general professional proficiency” in speaking and reading. They share many words with English, but differ significantly in meanings. ●German（750 hours） Interested in reading Karl May’s “Wild West” series in its original language? You’ll need to spend750 hours mastering German first. With nouns that are masculine, feminine and neutral, verbs that are given various different forms and an extremely strict sentence arrangement, German may appear impossible to start with. But pronunciation and spelling is straightforward and once you learn the —admittedly many —rules, that’s it. German teachers used to joke that it takes you a year to say, “I’m travelling on the bus,” but once you’re on that bus,it’s plain sailing. ●Greek（1,100 hours） Modern Greek is maybe the easiest language to learn that uses a different alphabet. Because Greek is also a language that’s contributed numerous words to English. Indeed, in 1957,Xenophon Zolotas, the then governor of the Bank of Greece, gave two speeches to the IMF that contained just Greek loanwords apart from the unavoidable basic English. ●Arabic（2,200 hours） There’s an interesting story about a pharmaceutical（制药）company that advertised painkiller with three pictures. The left picture depicted a woman with a headache. The middle one showed hers wallowing the pill and the right one had her smiling after the pain had disappeared. It worked everywhere except in the Arab world, which read it from right to left. It takes the average native English speaker a whopping 2,200 hours to become proficient in Arabic. But who can resist a language with eleven words for love, five degrees of swearing and close to 100words describing a camel? 1．Who is this passage intended for? A．German speakers. B．Greek speakers. C．English speakers. D．Arabic speakers 2．Which language makes a great contribution to English vocabulary? A．Greek. B．German C．Spanish. D．French. 3．What is special about Arabic? A．The way it advertises. B．The habit of reading. C．The time to master it. D．The expressions to say love. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．B 【导语】这是一篇应用文，主要讲述了学习不同外语所需要的平均学习时间，以及这些语言的一些特点。 1．C 推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Here are a few examples, ranked in order of the number of hours it takes the average English speakers to master them from lowest to highest”（这里有一些例子，按照平均英语使用者掌握它们所需的时间从低到高进行排名）可推知，这篇文章是为英语使用者准备的，故选C。 2．A 细节理解题。根据文章第四段“Because Greek is also a language that’s contributed numerous words to English.”（因为希腊语也是对英语词汇有很大贡献的一种语言）可推知，希腊语对英语词汇有很大贡献，故选A。 3．B 推理判断题。根据文章第五段“There’s an interesting story about a pharmaceutical（制药）company that advertised painkiller with three pictures. The left picture depicted a woman with a headache. The middle one showed hers wallowing the pill and the right one had her smiling after the pain had disappeared. It worked everywhere except in the Arab world, which read it from right to left.”（有一个有趣的故事，一家制药公司用三张照片宣传止痛药。左图描绘了一个头痛的女人。中间的照片是她吞下药片的样子，右边的照片是她在疼痛消失后的微笑。除了阿拉伯语，它在任何地方都是有效的，阿拉伯语从右到左阅读它。）可推知，阿拉伯语的特殊之处在于它的阅读习惯，故选B。 二、完形填空 Born in America, I spoke English, not Chinese, the language of my ancestors (祖先). When I was three, my parents flashed cards with Chinese 1 at my face, but I pushed them 2 . My mom believed I would learn when I was ready. But the 3 never came. On a Chinese New Year’s Eve, my uncle spoke to me in Chinese, but all I could do was 4 at him, confused. “Still can’t speak Chinese?” He 5 me, “You can’t even buy a fish in Chinatown (唐人街).” “Hey, this is America, not China. I’ll get some 6 with or without Chinese.” I replied and turned to my mom for 7 . “Remember to ask for fresh fish, Xin XianYu,”she said, handing over a $20 bill. I 8 the words, running downstairs into the streets of Chinatown. I found the fish stand (摊位) surrounded in a sea of customers. “I’d like to buy some fresh fish,” I shouted to the fisherman. But he ignored (不理睬) my English words and turned to serve the next customer. The laugh of the people behind increased 9 their impatience (不耐烦). With every second, the breath of the dragons on my back grew stronger— 10 me to cry out, “Xian Sheng Yu, please.” “Very Xian Sheng,” I repeated. The crowd burst into laughter. My face turned 11 and I ran back home, 12 , except for the $20 bill I held tightly in my hand. Should I laugh or cry? They’re Chinese. I’m Chinese. I should feel right at home (自在). Instead, I was the joke, a disgrace (丢脸) to the language. Sometimes, I laugh at my fish 13 , but, in the end, the joke is on 14 . Every laugh is a culture 15 ; every laugh is my heritage (传统) fading away. 1．A．custom B．games C．characters D．paintings 2．A．ahead B．around C．along D．aside 3．A．success B．study C．time D．attempt 4．A．aim B．joke C．nod D．stare 5．A．cared about B．laughed at C．argued with D．asked after 6．A．right now B．from now C．at times D．in time 7．A．decision B．permission C．information D．preparation 8．A．repeated B．reviewed C．spelled D．kept 9．A．by B．near C．with D．from 10．A．forcing B．allowing C．finding D．leading 11．A．bright B．blank C．pale D．red 12．A．open-mouthed B．tongue-tied C．empty-handed D．broken-hearted 13．A．trade B．confidence C．challenge D．experience 14．A．it B．us C．me D．them 15．A．treasured B．lost C．valued D．reflected 【答案】 1．C 2．D 3．C 4．D 5．B 6．A 7．B 8．A 9．C 10．A 11．D 12．C 13．D 14．C 15．B 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。身为中国人，“我”出生在美国，熟悉英语却不懂汉语，导致了“我”去唐人街买鱼因语言不通而被嘲笑，这件事让“我”明白了一个道理：“笑话”反映的是一种文化的缺失，我们不应该让文化丢失。 1．考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我三岁的时候，我的父母在我面前闪着写有汉字的卡片，但我把它们推到一边。A. custom习俗；B. games游戏；C. characters汉字；D. paintings绘画。根据语境和前文“Born in America, I spoke English, not Chinese, the language of my ancestors(祖先)”可知，作者不会说汉语，父母给作者展示的是汉字卡片。故选C项。 2．考查副词词义辨析。句意：当我三岁的时候，我的父母在我面前闪着写有汉字的卡片，但我把它们推到一边。A. ahead朝前面；B. around周围；C. along沿着；D. aside在一边。根据语境和前文“When I was three, my parents flashed cards with Chinese ___1___ at my face,but I pushed them”可知，作者没有看父母给作者展示的那些卡片，而是将其放在一边了。故选D项。 3．考查名词词义辨析。句意：但我学习汉字的时间从来没有过。A. success成功；B. study学习；C. time时间；D. attempt尝试。根据语境和前文“But the”以及后文“never came”可知，此处是指但我学习汉字的时间从来没有过。故选C项。 4．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在中国的除夕，我叔叔用汉语和我说话，我感动困惑，但我所能做的就是盯着他看。A. aim旨在；B. joke开玩笑；C. nod点头；D. stare盯着看。根据语境和前文“On a Chinese New Year’s Eve, my uncle spoke to me in Chinese, but all I could do was”以及后文“confused”可知，当作者的叔叔用汉语和作者说话时，听不明白，感到困惑，能做的就是只能盯着他看。故选D项。 5．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：他嘲笑着说：“在唐人街你连鱼都买不到。”A. cared about关心；B. laughed at嘲笑；C. argued with与……争论；D. asked after询问。根据语境和后文“You can’t even buy a fish in Chinatown(唐人街).”可知，在唐人街你连鱼都买不到，由此一直，作者的叔叔在嘲笑作者。故选B项。 6．考查副词短语词义辨析。句意：不管会不会汉语，我现在就去买。A. right now立即，现在；B. from now从现在起；C. at times偶尔；D. in time及时。根据语境和前文“I’ll get some”可知，作者为了证明给叔叔看，现在就能去唐人街买到鱼。故选A项。 7．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我回答了，然后转向妈妈请求允许。A. decision决定；B. permission允许；C. information信息；D. preparation准备。根据语境和后文“‘Remember to ask for fresh fish, Xin XianYu,’ she said, handing over a $20 bill.”可知，妈妈叮嘱作者买新鲜的鱼并给作者钱，由此推知，作者希望征得妈妈的允许。故选B项。 8．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我重复着这句话，跑下楼来到唐人街的街道上。A. repeated重复；B. reviewed复习；C. spelled拼写；D. kept保持。根据语境和前文“Remember to ask for fresh fish, Xin XianYu”可知，妈妈叮嘱作者买新鲜鱼，以及作者不会汉语，由此推知，作者重复着妈妈说的话。故选A项。 9．考查介词词义辨析。句意：后面的人的笑声随着他们的不耐烦而增加。A. by通过；B. near在……附近；C. with因为，带着；D. from从。根据语境和前文“The laugh of the people behind increased”以及后文“their impatience”可知，我身后的人因为失去耐心而开始笑起来。故选C项。 10．考查动词词义辨析。句意：每过一秒，我就更生气了——迫使我大声叫道：“Xian Sheng Yu，求你了。”A. forcing强迫，迫使；B. allowing允许；C. finding 发现；D. leading带领。根据语境和前文“With every second, the breath of the dragons on my back grew stronger”以及后文“me to cry out, ‘Xian Sheng Yu, please.’”可知，此处是指每过一秒，作者就越生气——这迫使作者大声叫道。故选A项。 11．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我的脸变红了，我跑回了家，除了紧紧攥在手里的那张20美元的钞票外，两手空空。A. bright明亮的；B. blank空白的；C. pale苍白的；D. red红的。根据语境和前文“The crowd burst into laughter.”可知，人群爆发出笑声，由此推知，作者因为周围人的嘲笑而羞愧地脸红了。故选D项。 12．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我的脸变红了，我跑回了家，除了紧紧攥在手里的那张20美元的钞票外，两手空空。A. open-mouthed目瞪口呆的；B. tongue-tied张口结舌的；C. empty-handed空手，一无所获；D. broken-hearted心碎的。根据语境和后文“except for the $20 bill I held tightly in my hand”可知，除了那张20美元的钞票外，作者两手空空地跑回了家。故选C项。 13．考查名词词义辨析。句意：有时，我笑话我的买鱼经历，但最终，笑话是在我身上。A. trade贸易；B. confidence自信；C. challenge挑战；D. experience经历。根据语境和前文“The laugh of the people behind increased 　　9　　 their impatience(不耐烦). With every second, the breath of the dragons on my back grew stronger—　　10　　 me to cry out, ‘Xian Sheng Yu, please.’ ‘Very Xian Sheng,’ I repeated. The crowd burst into laughter.”可知，作者有时笑话自己这次买鱼的经历。故选D项。 14．考查代词词义辨析。句意：有时，我嘲笑我的鱼经历，但最终，我自己是个笑话。A. it它；B. us我们；C. me我；D. them他们；根据语境和前文“Instead, I was the joke, a disgrace (丢脸) to the language.”可知，相反，作者成了笑话，成了语言的耻辱，由此推知，作者成了笑话。故选C项。 15．考查动词词义辨析。句意：每一声嘲笑都是一种文化的丢失；每一声嘲笑都是我逐渐消失的传统。A. treasured珍藏；B. lost丢失，失去；C. valued重视；D. reflected反射；根据语境和前文“Should I laugh or cry? They’re Chinese. I’m Chinese. I should feel right at home (自在). Instead, I was the joke, a disgrace (丢脸) to the language.”以及后文“every laugh is my heritage(传统) fading away”可知，作者是中国人，但却不会说汉语，此处是指在作者身上体现的是文化的丢失，每一声嘲笑都是一种文化的丢失。故选B项。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ Unit 5 Languages Around the World Discovering Useful Structures分层作业 基础巩固 1、 单元核心单词翻译 1． ____________ adj. 出生地的;本地的;土著的n.本地人 2． _____________ n. 态度；看法 3． _____________  n． 体系；制度；系统 4． _____________ n.因素；要素 5． _____________ n. 符号；象征 6． _____________ n.      王朝；朝代 7． ____________ adj.传统的;典型的n.经典作品;名著 8． _____________ n.尊重；关注vt. 把……视为；看 9． _____________ n. 文字；符号；角色；品质；特点 10. _____________  n.   书法；书法艺术 2、 重点短语默写 1. _____________ 指的是;描述;提到;查阅 2. _____________  沉浮；兴衰；荣辱 3. _____________追溯到 4. _____________无论 5. _____________ 观点；看法 6. _____________    与……相关；涉及；谈到 7. _____________ 导致；通向 8. _____________ 朝一个方向 9. ______________非常重要 10. _______________ 与某物联系起来 11. _____________在…扮演角色;发挥作用 12. a variety of _____________ 13. regard for _____________ 14. have sb ______ sth. 让某人做某事 15. listen to sb _____ 听某人正在做某事 16. ________________________在…方面有困难 17. senior _______ 比某人年长 18. aside from _____________ 19. take on _____________ 20. can’t help but do sth. _____________ 三、总结关系副词的用法。 关系副词 先行词 在定从中充当的成分 相当于 Where When Why 能力提升 一、选词填空 选词填空：that, which, when, where, why 1．I will never forget the days we stayed together. 2．The reason he explained at the meeting was not sound. 3．The reason he was late was that he missed his train. 4．Keep the book in a place you can find it easily. 5．This is the house was built by my grandfather forty years ago. 二、单句填空 1．The idea of the (间隔) year is getting popular around the world. 2．His (词汇) was sound and his grammar was excellent. 3． (本地的)English speakers can understand each other even if they don't speak the same kind of English. 4．She promised to help me move into my new (公寓套房) on the weekend. 5． (数十亿) of money has been spent on rebuilding those houses destroyed in the earthquake. 6．I have a friend with I share a passion for traveling. 7．The reason he was late for work was that he had an accident on the way. 8．The conflict had developed into a stage the two countries were gathering big troops on the border. 9．The mountain village I used to stay for one night last year has taken on a new look. 10．People in China will never forget the year the virus raged and doctors fought bravely against it. 三、完成句子 1．Mr Lee bought his son a model airplane. His son showed an interest in it. (合并成复合句) Mr Lee bought his son a model airplane . 2．Nanshe Ancient Village has unique scenery. I stayed there with my family last year. (用限制性定语从句合并) → 3．他是你能求助的人。 He is the man you can turn for help. 4．我特别喜欢他教我们的方式.(the way作先行词的定语从句) I especially like the way 5．图书馆是人们可以利用大量信息的地方。(定语从句) (汉译英) The library is a place 拓展延伸 一、阅读理解 Many of us have entertained the idea of learning a foreign language. Here are a few examples, ranked in order of the number of hours it takes the average English speakers to master them from lowest to highest: ●Easiest（about 600 hours of study） Want to have no trouble fitting in on the streets of Paris? You will make it after just 600 hours of study. The popular Latin languages —Italian, French, Spanish and Portuguese —require about 600 hours of study to achieve “general professional proficiency” in speaking and reading. They share many words with English, but differ significantly in meanings. ●German（750 hours） Interested in reading Karl May’s “Wild West” series in its original language? You’ll need to spend750 hours mastering German first. With nouns that are masculine, feminine and neutral, verbs that are given various different forms and an extremely strict sentence arrangement, German may appear impossible to start with. But pronunciation and spelling is straightforward and once you learn the —admittedly many —rules, that’s it. German teachers used to joke that it takes you a year to say, “I’m travelling on the bus,” but once you’re on that bus,it’s plain sailing. ●Greek（1,100 hours） Modern Greek is maybe the easiest language to learn that uses a different alphabet. Because Greek is also a language that’s contributed numerous words to English. Indeed, in 1957,Xenophon Zolotas, the then governor of the Bank of Greece, gave two speeches to the IMF that contained just Greek loanwords apart from the unavoidable basic English. ●Arabic（2,200 hours） There’s an interesting story about a pharmaceutical（制药）company that advertised painkiller with three pictures. The left picture depicted a woman with a headache. The middle one showed hers wallowing the pill and the right one had her smiling after the pain had disappeared. It worked everywhere except in the Arab world, which read it from right to left. It takes the average native English speaker a whopping 2,200 hours to become proficient in Arabic. But who can resist a language with eleven words for love, five degrees of swearing and close to 100words describing a camel? 1．Who is this passage intended for? A．German speakers. B．Greek speakers. C．English speakers. D．Arabic speakers 2．Which language makes a great contribution to English vocabulary? A．Greek. B．German C．Spanish. D．French. 3．What is special about Arabic? A．The way it advertises. B．The habit of reading. C．The time to master it. D．The expressions to say love. 二、完形填空 Born in America, I spoke English, not Chinese, the language of my ancestors (祖先). When I was three, my parents flashed cards with Chinese 1 at my face, but I pushed them 2 . My mom believed I would learn when I was ready. But the 3 never came. On a Chinese New Year’s Eve, my uncle spoke to me in Chinese, but all I could do was 4 at him, confused. “Still can’t speak Chinese?” He 5 me, “You can’t even buy a fish in Chinatown (唐人街).” “Hey, this is America, not China. I’ll get some 6 with or without Chinese.” I replied and turned to my mom for 7 . “Remember to ask for fresh fish, Xin XianYu,”she said, handing over a $20 bill. I 8 the words, running downstairs into the streets of Chinatown. I found the fish stand (摊位) surrounded in a sea of customers. “I’d like to buy some fresh fish,” I shouted to the fisherman. But he ignored (不理睬) my English words and turned to serve the next customer. The laugh of the people behind increased 9 their impatience (不耐烦). With every second, the breath of the dragons on my back grew stronger— 10 me to cry out, “Xian Sheng Yu, please.” “Very Xian Sheng,” I repeated. The crowd burst into laughter. My face turned 11 and I ran back home, 12 , except for the $20 bill I held tightly in my hand. Should I laugh or cry? They’re Chinese. I’m Chinese. I should feel right at home (自在). Instead, I was the joke, a disgrace (丢脸) to the language. Sometimes, I laugh at my fish 13 , but, in the end, the joke is on 14 . Every laugh is a culture 15 ; every laugh is my heritage (传统) fading away. 1．A．custom B．games C．characters D．paintings 2．A．ahead B．around C．along D．aside 3．A．success B．study C．time D．attempt 4．A．aim B．joke C．nod D．stare 5．A．cared about B．laughed at C．argued with D．asked after 6．A．right now B．from now C．at times D．in time 7．A．decision B．permission C．information D．preparation 8．A．repeated B．reviewed C．spelled D．kept 9．A．by B．near C．with D．from 10．A．forcing B．allowing C．finding D．leading 11．A．bright B．blank C．pale D．red 12．A．open-mouthed B．tongue-tied C．empty-handed D．broken-hearted 13．A．trade B．confidence C．challenge D．experience 14．A．it B．us C．me D．them 15．A．treasured B．lost C．valued D．reflected 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$