18讲：外刊精选+语法专题【宾语从句】+中考题型套餐+词汇打卡【字母WXYZ】 （讲练）-【一轮通关】备战2025年中考英语讲练测（上海专用）

第十八讲 外刊精选(原创)、语法专题（宾语从句）、题型套餐 （首字母+完形填空）、词汇打卡(字母WXYZ) 外刊精选 Which foods will survive 2,000 years from now? 哪些食物保存2000年后还能吃？ 假设这样一种情况：如果明天起，人类突然全部消失不见，那么等到两千年后，当那时的考古学家来到你我的厨房考察，寻找当年保存的食物时，还有哪些能吃？人类有各种各样新奇的食物保存方法。比如，将食物冷冻干燥、用食盐腌渍、放入真空包装密封起来。本期 “随身英语” 节目介绍哪些食物保存法最有效，以及有什么方法可以让食物保存2000年后依然可以食用。 词汇：food preservation 食品保存 Imagine for a moment you’ve travelled 2,000 years into the future. Which human foods do you think would stand the test of time, and would any of it still be edible? To find out, we first need to understand what makes food go off. Food preservation’s main opponent is microbial growth. An expert in food chemistry, Michael Sulu, says most foods spoil for that reason. When things like bacteria, mould and yeast grow on your food, it can become pathogenic, and food causing disease is best avoided! So, how can we limit their growth? Microbes love oxygen and water, so the key is to starve them of it. We can do this by drying, salting, chilling, or storing the food in airtight containers. According to Sulu, drying is the most effective because without water, microbes can’t multiply. Freezing works in the short-term, but explorers who have found ancient frozen animals initially thought the meat looked edible, but once defrosted, it immediately became putrid, which doesn’t sound at all palatable! But how can we make our favourite foods longer-lasting if we don’t want to dry, salt or freeze them? That’s where additives and preservatives come in. These chemicals help to improve the shelf life of our supermarket items, but it means the food becomes ultra-processed. High consumption of ultra-processed food is linked to problems like depression and obesity, according to a review of the research by Pagliai and colleagues in the British Journal of Nutrition. So, what’s going to be safe for us to eat in our hypothetical time travel scenario? “I would start off with anything that is vacuum-packed or dried as well,” says Sulu. If you can’t find any of that, you could go to the Global Seed Vault in Svalbard, Norway, where there are almost one million samples of seeds from all over the world. They’re in vaults designed to last forever, buried beneath the Arctic permafrost, so either eat the seeds, or start repopulating the plant world! 词汇表 stand the test of time 经得起时间的考验 edible 可食用的 go off （食物）变坏 food preservation 食品保存 microbial growth 微生物生长 spoil （食物）变坏，变质 bacteria 细菌 mould 霉菌 yeast 酵母菌 pathogenic 可致病的 salting 用食盐腌制 airtight 密封的 defrost 解冻 putrid 腐烂的，腐坏的 palatable 美味的，可口的 long-lasting 持久的，长期的 additives 添加剂 preservatives 防腐剂 shelf life 保质期 ultra-processed 超加工的 vacuum-packed 真空包装的 permafrost 永冻层，永久冻土 测验与练习 1. 阅读课文并回答问题。 1. What is the main reason our food spoils? 2. Why is drying considered the most effective food preservation method? 3. True or False? Frozen meat is edible even 2,000 years in the future.   4. What is the downside of adding additives and preservatives to food? 5. How are the seeds in the Global Seed Vault stored? 2.  选择意思恰当的单词或词组来完成下列句子。 1. Salt is often used in _______ methods to inhibit microbial growth. vacuum-packed food          preservation       pathogenic              edible 2. If milk starts to smell sour, it’s a sign that it _______. has gone off    stands the test of time  goes off        stood the test of time 3. Leaving food in the sun can cause it to _______ quickly. ultra-process    spoil          defrosting                   preserve 4. The chef experimented with different spices to make the dish more _______. airtight        pathogenic        long-lasting                palatable 5. That bread is quite old. Look, it’s already got _______ on it! frost          additives           salt                 mould 【文本翻译】想象一下，你穿越到了 2000 年后的未来。你认为哪些人类食物能够经受住时间的考验，又有哪些食物仍然可以食用？要找出答案，我们首先需要了解是什么导致食物变质。 食物保存的主要对手是微生物的生长。食品化学专家迈克尔·苏鲁（Michael Sulu）表示，大多数食物变质都是这个原因。当细菌、霉菌和酵母等在你的食物上生长时，食物可能会致病，所以最好避免食用导致疾病的食物！那么，我们如何限制它们的生长呢？ 微生物喜欢氧气和水，所以关键是不让它们得到这些。我们可以通过干燥、腌制、冷藏或将食物存放在密封容器中来实现这一点。据苏鲁说，干燥是最有效的方法，因为没有水，微生物就无法繁殖。冷冻在短期内有效，但发现古代冷冻动物的探险家最初认为肉看起来可以食用，但一旦解冻，它立即腐烂了，这听起来一点也不可口！ 但是，如果我们不想干燥、腌制或冷冻我们喜欢的食物，我们如何让它们更持久呢？这就是添加剂和防腐剂发挥作用的地方。这些化学物质有助于延长我们超市商品的保质期，但这意味着食物变得过度加工。根据帕利亚伊及其同事在《英国营养杂志》上对研究的综述，过度加工食品的高消费与抑郁症和肥胖等问题有关。 那么，在我们假设的时间旅行场景中，什么食物对我们来说是安全可食用的呢？苏鲁说：“我首先会选择任何真空包装或干燥的东西。”如果你找不到这些，你可以去挪威斯瓦尔巴群岛的全球种子库，那里有来自世界各地的近 100 万份种子样本。它们被存放在旨在永久保存的保险库中，埋在北极永久冻土层下，所以要么吃这些种子，要么开始重新繁衍植物世界！ 语法专题 语法精选----宾语从句 连接词 1. 根据语义及语法成分确定连接词: when, where, why, whether/if, how, who, whom等。 2. 从句成分齐全时可用that连接，或省略。 1. Tom can’t decide which sweater he should buy. 2. I don’t know if/ whether my father will come back tomorrow. 3. We all know that is the right answer. 4.We all know (that) the sun rises in the east. 时态 1. 考点:句型转换 2. 如果主句谓语动词为一般现在时,宾语从句谓语动词该用哪种时态就用哪种时态。 3. 如果主句谓语动词为一般过去时,宾语从句谓语动词使用相应的过去时态. 4. 如果从句说明的是客观真理或科学事实时,不管主句是何种时态,都用一般现在时. 5. 当主句是could you…表示婉转的语气,从句的时态无需受主句的影响而发生变化 1. Do you know when we are going to Beijing? 2. He tells me that his sister came back yesterday. 3. Lucy says that Lily is listening to the music. → Lucy said that Lily was listening to the music. 4. Lucy says that Lily will go home. → Lucy said that Lily would go home. 5. Lucy says that Lily gets up at six. → Lucy said that Lily got up at six. 6. Lucy says that Lily has never been to Guangzhou. → Lucy said that Lily had never been to Guangzhou. 7. The teacher told us that the earth moves around the sun. 8. Could you tell me if it is going to rain tomorrow? 9. Could you tell me whom the radio was invented by? 语序 从句以特殊疑问词开头时,疑问词后语序正装 Excuse me, could you tell me where I can change money? 直接引语与间接引语 1. 考点：句型转换 2. 人称变化要合逻辑 3. 时态变化要符合以上时态用法要求 1. I don’t know what I should do with the letter. = I don’t know what to do with the letter. 2. Jack’s mother asked him, “Have you packed your things?” = Jack’s mother asked him if he had packed his things. 3. She said, “Our bus will arrive in five minutes.” = She said that their bus would arrive in five minutes. 4. She asked me, “When do they have their dinner?” = She asked me when they had their dinner. 即学即练 1.（2022·上海中考真题） “When will we go to the VR experience center?” I asked the tour guide.（改为间接引语） I asked the tour guide _________ we _________ go to the VR experience centre. 2.（2021·上海中考真题）“Have you visited the National Book Expo?” Linda asked me. （改为间接引语）Linda asked me ________ I ________ visited the National Book Expo. 3.（2020·上海中考真题）"Will the exhibition be held in Shanghai？" Olivia asked her secretary．（改为间接引语） Olivia asked her secretary_____ the exhibition_____be held in Shanghai． 4.（2019·上海中考真题）. “Are you free to come to my place this Saturday?”Aaron asked me.（改为间接引语） Aaron asked me______I ______free to go to his place that Saturday. 5.（2018·上海中考真题） “How are you getting along with your new roommate?" Franklin asked me.(改为宾语从句) Franklin asked me_____ ______was getting along with my new roommate. 6.（2017·上海中考真题）"Have you ever been in a hot air balloon？"Melissa asked her mom．（改为宾语从句） Melissa asked her mom　 　 she　 　 ever been in a hot air balloon． （最新模拟试题） 1．（2024·上海杨浦·三模）Joe asked me, “Will you join us in the coming football match?” (改为间接引语) Joe asked me I join them in the coming football match. 2．（2024·上海长宁·二模）“When do you plan to have the school sports meeting?” Tony asked his teacher Rose. (改为间接引语) Tony asked his teacher Rose she to have the school sports meeting. 3．（2024·上海崇明·二模）Does she want to book the tickets now? Alice doesn’t know. (合并为一句) Alice doesn’t know she to book the tickets now. 4．（2024·上海宝山·二模）The actor asked the director, “Do you plan to make a film about Olympic champions?”  (改为间接引语) The actor asked the director he to make a film about Olympic champions. 5．（2024·上海静安·二模）“I will design a poster for our own clothing store,” said the shop owner. （改为间接引语） The shop owner said that he a poster for their clothing store. 6．（2024·上海嘉定·二模）“I will hand in my homework before the school is over,” said Mike. (改为间接引语) Mike said that hand in his homework before the school was over. 7．（2024·上海金山·二模）“Are you excited about the coming May Day?” Mum asked Jane. （改成间接引语） Mum asked Jane she excited about the coming May Day. 8．（2024·上海徐汇·一模）“Can you find any idioms in this story?” Mr Green asked the students.  (改为间接引语) Mr Green asked the students they find some idioms in this story. 9．（2024·上海松江·二模）The boy student asked: “Miss Liu, can you explain the word again?” (改为宾语从句) The boy student asked Miss Liu could explain the word again. 10．（2024·上海普陀·二模）Ben asked his sister, “Can you help me get everything ready for the party?”（改为间接引语） Ben asked his sister if help him get everything ready for the party. 11．（2024·上海徐汇·二模）“Have you been to the South Pole before?” The guide asked the tourists. (改为间接引语) The guide asked the tourists if been to the South Pole before. 12．（2024·上海闵行·二模）“What can I do to arrange a party for my mum?”Mary asked. （改为间接引语） Mary asked she do to arrange a party for her mum. 13．（2024·上海虹口·二模）What will the restaurant provide for its 100th customer? I wanted to know it.（合并为一句） I wanted to know the restaurant provide for its 100th customer. 14．（2024·上海浦东新·二模）“Will you accept the offer from our company?” the interviewer asked Tom. (改为间接引语) The interviewer asked Tom he accept the offer from their company. 15．（2024·上海黄浦·二模）“You should do some warming-up exercise before the game,” said the coach to us. (改为间接引语) The coach to do some warming-up exercise before the game. 16．（2024·上海杨浦·二模）Terry asked his father, “Will we visit the now museum during the trip?” (改为间接引语) Terry asked his father they visit the new museum during the trip. 17．（23-24九年级下·上海黄浦·阶段练习）Mum said to Tom, “Don’t open the window.” (改为间接引语) Mum asked Tom not the window. 18．（23-24九年级下·上海青浦·阶段练习）Will Emma arrive in Shanghai in two days? He kept asking me.（合并两句为一句） He kept asking me Emma arrive in Shanghai in two days. 19．（23-24九年级下·上海浦东新·阶段练习）“How much do I need to pay?” I asked. (保持句意不变) I wondered how much to pay. 20．（23-24九年级下·上海浦东新·阶段练习）“I’ll return the DVDs to Mary as soon as possible”, said Mike. (改为宾语从句) Mike said he back the DVDs to Mary as soon as possible. 阅读套餐 PASSAGE 1 （23-24九年级上·上海青浦·期末）在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其通顺。每空格限填一词，首字母已给。 Name: Dame Jane Morris Goodall Born: 3 April 1934 Known for: Being the first person to study chimpanzees (黑猩猩) in the wild Important discoveries: Found that chimpanzees have emotions, use tools and eat meat. (N: National Geographic Kids Magazine J: Jane Goodall) N: Hi Jane, when did you first know you wanted to work with animals? J: I was ten when I decided I wanted to go to Africa and live with wild animals and write books about them. That’s about 70 years ago now, and at that time then girls in England didn’t have those opportunities (机会). So everybody laughed at me and said, “Jane, d 1 about something you can achieve.” But my mother said, “If you really want something, you’re going to have to work hard and never give up!” N: Great a 2 ! What’ s been unusual about the work you’ve done? J: I studied animals in a different way. While I was in Tanzania in the 1960s, other scientists told me I’d done my whole study of chimpanzees w 3 . They explained that I shouldn’t have given the chimpanzees names and that they should have been numbered. I was told I couldn’t talk about their personalities, minds or emotions because they thought only humans had those things. But luckily, I’d learned from my dog as a child that what they said was not t 4 at all. N: It sounds like having a childhood pet really helped you in your studies! What are you most p 5 of? J: Helping people to understand that humans are part of the animal kingdom, not separate from it. When I started out, nobody else was studying chimpanzees in the wild, so I was able to show how their behaviour is like o 6 -kissing, hugging, holding hands, patting one another, etc. N: What t 7 would you give to NG Kids readers who want to have a wild career like yours? J: You’ve got to really, really want it! You could go to university and go straight into research, but there are also lots of chances for volunteering or for working at zoos. Keep your ears open for opportunities. N: Thanks for the chat, Jane! PASSAGE 2 （23-24九年级上·上海杨浦·期末） Intelligent animals Scientists used to believe that animals could not think, but now we know that animals can understand information and use it. 8 , if we repeat words such as Down or Sit to dogs, they’ll begin to understand them and follow the instruction. Some kinds of dogs can understand more than one hundred words! Some dogs have jobs. Working dogs are 9 good at learning words because they have to listen carefully to instructions. Border collies, a kind of dog, are often used to move sheep. Farmers use special words to tell the dogs what to do. They say Find when they want the dog to go and look for the sheep, and then Walk when they want the dog to move towards the sheep. The dogs also need to understand the word Stop. They can also understand if they have done a job well and 10 whether the command is from their own farmer. Dogs are not the only creatures that can learn words. An orca (killer whale) called Wilkie has been taught to repeat the words Hello and Bye-bye and can count to three. She produces the sounds by pushing air through her blowhole, but amazingly, she can 11 the sound of a human voice. If she listens to children, she sounds like a child when she repeats the words. In the wild, orcas live in groups and the young orcas make the similar sounds to the sounds the adult orcas make. So, each group of orcas 12 from other groups. Parrots are famous for repeating words, and an African Grey parrot called Alex could understand the English words for one hundred and fifty different things—like water, banana and grape. He knew some colours and shapes, and he could count various items. He could even understand the word none or zero. People once thought it was 13   to say someone had a brain like a bird, but now it seems birds and other animals are smarter than we thought. An orca in the deep ocean 8．A．As a result B．For example C．In fact D．What’s more 9．A．especially B．obviously C．truly D．recently 10．A．wonder B．hesitate C．recognize D．guess 11．A．follow B．create C．operate D．copy 12．A．communicates in a different way B．stays in a distance C．moves quickly away D．protects their children 13．A．strange B．puzzling C．calm D．rude 词汇打卡 读一读 背一背 ◆ 单词 音标 词性 中文 1 waiter ['weɪtə(r)] n． 侍者；服务员 2 waitress ['weɪtrəs] n． 女侍者；女服务员 3 warn [wɔːn] vt. 警告，预先通知 4 wash [wɒʃ] v. 洗(涤)，冲洗 5 waste [weɪst] n.&vt. 浪费 6 weak weak a. 差的，弱的，淡的 7 website ['websaɪt] n. 网站 8 wealth [welθ] n. 财产，财富 9 wear(wore, worn) [weə(r)] v. 穿，戴 10 weigh [weɪ] vt. 称……的重量，重(若干) 11 whole [həʊl] a. 整个的；全部的 12 wake(woke,woken) [weɪk] v. 醒，醒来，叫醒 13 whether ['weðə(r)] conj. 是否 14 weather ['weðə(r)] n. 天气 15 widen ['waɪdn] v． 拓宽 16 wild [waɪld] adj． 野生的，荒凉的 17 winner ['wɪnə(r)] n. 获胜者 18 wonder ['wʌndə(r)] v. 对……疑惑，想知道 19 wooden ['wʊdn] adj． 木质的 20 worry ['wʌri] v. 烦恼，担忧，发怒，困扰 21 worth [wɜːθ] a. 有……的价值，值得……的 22 wounded ['wuːndɪd] adj． 受伤的 23 yard [jɑːd] n. 码；院子；场地 24 yogurt ['jɒɡət] n. 酸奶 25 zebra ['zebrə] n. 班马 26 zero ['zɪərəʊ] n.&num. 零；零度；零点 ◆27 whale [weɪl] n． 鲸鱼 ◆28 whatever [wɒtˈevə(r)] conj． 不管什么，无论什么 ◆29 whenever [wenˈevə(r)] conj. 无论什么时候；每当 ◆30 wheel [wiːl] n. 轮；车轮 想一想 写一写 根据句意用所给单词的适当词性填空 1. This chair is not plastic. It's _________. (wood) 2. This park is full of coloured rocks and other natural _________. (wonder) 3. Many people like keeping pets. First, it's nice to hold them in arms. And also, it's________ to see them grow up day by day. (wonder) 4. Improving students' English speaking and _________ skills is the aim of this TV programme. (write) 5. He hurt his leg and suffered from bleeding, but luckily, the doctor said it was not a serious_______. (wounded) 6. His idea of protecting the forest spread quickly and was ________ accepted by more and more people. (wide) 7. This piece of work shows the great ________ of the native people. (wise) 8. He was the ________ of the school debating competition. (win) 9. Long ago, ________ hunters went out to work and brought back food for their family. (woman) 10. ________ are wild animals. They usually live in forests in groups. (wolf) 11. Computers are ______ used in business, science and technology. (wide) 12. The old temple shows the ______ of the ancient Chinese people. (wise) 13. These ______ tables are on sale. (wood) 14. Mum looked ______ because I broke my left leg. (worry) 15. Do you know the Seven ______ in the world? (wonderful) 16. He always ______ about his young daughter. (worried) 17. Wu Liangyong is one of the ______ to get China's Top Science Award this year. (win) 18. Mr. Smith told his students to be more careful on ______ days. (wind) 19. I wonder if the floor can support such a ______ of furniture. (weigh) 20. I hear that the government will ______ the road soon. (wide) 词组默写 341.愉快地 342.在……的帮助下 343.做出;算出;制定出 344.为……而担心 345.想要;(表示喜欢，愿意)很想;很愿意 346. 宁愿，宁可 347. 现在，目前 348. 与……有联系 349. 被……覆盖 350. 对……熟悉；通晓 351. 对……感到满意 352. 对……严格 353. 大人物；了不起的事 354. 被要求去做某事 355. 爆发 356. 抱怨；投诉 357. 使……平静 358. 偶遇，遇见 359. 想出，提出 360. 把...分成... 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！6 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 第十八讲 外刊精选(原创)、语法专题（宾语从句）、题型套餐 （首字母+完形填空）、词汇打卡(字母WXYZ) 外刊精选 Which foods will survive 2,000 years from now? 哪些食物保存2000年后还能吃？ 假设这样一种情况：如果明天起，人类突然全部消失不见，那么等到两千年后，当那时的考古学家来到你我的厨房考察，寻找当年保存的食物时，还有哪些能吃？人类有各种各样新奇的食物保存方法。比如，将食物冷冻干燥、用食盐腌渍、放入真空包装密封起来。本期 “随身英语” 节目介绍哪些食物保存法最有效，以及有什么方法可以让食物保存2000年后依然可以食用。 词汇：food preservation 食品保存 Imagine for a moment you’ve travelled 2,000 years into the future. Which human foods do you think would stand the test of time, and would any of it still be edible? To find out, we first need to understand what makes food go off. Food preservation’s main opponent is microbial growth. An expert in food chemistry, Michael Sulu, says most foods spoil for that reason. When things like bacteria, mould and yeast grow on your food, it can become pathogenic, and food causing disease is best avoided! So, how can we limit their growth? Microbes love oxygen and water, so the key is to starve them of it. We can do this by drying, salting, chilling, or storing the food in airtight containers. According to Sulu, drying is the most effective because without water, microbes can’t multiply. Freezing works in the short-term, but explorers who have found ancient frozen animals initially thought the meat looked edible, but once defrosted, it immediately became putrid, which doesn’t sound at all palatable! But how can we make our favourite foods longer-lasting if we don’t want to dry, salt or freeze them? That’s where additives and preservatives come in. These chemicals help to improve the shelf life of our supermarket items, but it means the food becomes ultra-processed. High consumption of ultra-processed food is linked to problems like depression and obesity, according to a review of the research by Pagliai and colleagues in the British Journal of Nutrition. So, what’s going to be safe for us to eat in our hypothetical time travel scenario? “I would start off with anything that is vacuum-packed or dried as well,” says Sulu. If you can’t find any of that, you could go to the Global Seed Vault in Svalbard, Norway, where there are almost one million samples of seeds from all over the world. They’re in vaults designed to last forever, buried beneath the Arctic permafrost, so either eat the seeds, or start repopulating the plant world! 词汇表 stand the test of time 经得起时间的考验 edible 可食用的 go off （食物）变坏 food preservation 食品保存 microbial growth 微生物生长 spoil （食物）变坏，变质 bacteria 细菌 mould 霉菌 yeast 酵母菌 pathogenic 可致病的 salting 用食盐腌制 airtight 密封的 defrost 解冻 putrid 腐烂的，腐坏的 palatable 美味的，可口的 long-lasting 持久的，长期的 additives 添加剂 preservatives 防腐剂 shelf life 保质期 ultra-processed 超加工的 vacuum-packed 真空包装的 permafrost 永冻层，永久冻土 测验与练习 1. 阅读课文并回答问题。 1. What is the main reason our food spoils? 2. Why is drying considered the most effective food preservation method? 3. True or False? Frozen meat is edible even 2,000 years in the future.   4. What is the downside of adding additives and preservatives to food? 5. How are the seeds in the Global Seed Vault stored? 2.  选择意思恰当的单词或词组来完成下列句子。 1. Salt is often used in _______ methods to inhibit microbial growth. vacuum-packed food          preservation       pathogenic              edible 2. If milk starts to smell sour, it’s a sign that it _______. has gone off    stands the test of time  goes off        stood the test of time 3. Leaving food in the sun can cause it to _______ quickly. ultra-process    spoil          defrosting                   preserve 4. The chef experimented with different spices to make the dish more _______. airtight        pathogenic        long-lasting                palatable 5. That bread is quite old. Look, it’s already got _______ on it! frost          additives           salt                 mould 答案 1.  阅读课文并回答问题。 1. What is the main reason our food spoils? The main reason our food spoils is microbial (bacteria, mould, yeast) growth. 2. Why is drying considered the most effective food preservation method? Drying is considered the most effective food preservation method because  microbes can’t multiply without water.  3. True or False? Frozen meat is edible even 2,000 years in the future.   False. Explorers found meat they thought was edible, but once it was defrosted, it became putrid. 4. What is the downside of adding additives and preservatives to food? Adding additives and preservatives to food makes them more likely to be ultra-processed, the consumption of which is linked to depression and obesity. 5. How are the seeds in the Global Seed Vault stored? The seeds in the Global Seed Vault are stored in vaults designed to last forever, buried beneath the Arctic permafrost.   2.  选择意思恰当的单词或词组来完成下列句子。 1. Salt is often used in food preservation methods to inhibit microbial growth. 2. If milk starts to smell sour, it’s a sign that it has gone off. 3. Leaving food in the sun can cause it to spoil quickly. 4. The chef experimented with different spices to make the dish more palatable. 5. That bread is quite old. Look, it’s already got mould on it! 【文本翻译】想象一下，你穿越到了 2000 年后的未来。你认为哪些人类食物能够经受住时间的考验，又有哪些食物仍然可以食用？要找出答案，我们首先需要了解是什么导致食物变质。 食物保存的主要对手是微生物的生长。食品化学专家迈克尔·苏鲁（Michael Sulu）表示，大多数食物变质都是这个原因。当细菌、霉菌和酵母等在你的食物上生长时，食物可能会致病，所以最好避免食用导致疾病的食物！那么，我们如何限制它们的生长呢？ 微生物喜欢氧气和水，所以关键是不让它们得到这些。我们可以通过干燥、腌制、冷藏或将食物存放在密封容器中来实现这一点。据苏鲁说，干燥是最有效的方法，因为没有水，微生物就无法繁殖。冷冻在短期内有效，但发现古代冷冻动物的探险家最初认为肉看起来可以食用，但一旦解冻，它立即腐烂了，这听起来一点也不可口！ 但是，如果我们不想干燥、腌制或冷冻我们喜欢的食物，我们如何让它们更持久呢？这就是添加剂和防腐剂发挥作用的地方。这些化学物质有助于延长我们超市商品的保质期，但这意味着食物变得过度加工。根据帕利亚伊及其同事在《英国营养杂志》上对研究的综述，过度加工食品的高消费与抑郁症和肥胖等问题有关。 那么，在我们假设的时间旅行场景中，什么食物对我们来说是安全可食用的呢？苏鲁说：“我首先会选择任何真空包装或干燥的东西。”如果你找不到这些，你可以去挪威斯瓦尔巴群岛的全球种子库，那里有来自世界各地的近 100 万份种子样本。它们被存放在旨在永久保存的保险库中，埋在北极永久冻土层下，所以要么吃这些种子，要么开始重新繁衍植物世界！ 语法专题 语法精选----宾语从句 连接词 1. 根据语义及语法成分确定连接词: when, where, why, whether/if, how, who, whom等。 2. 从句成分齐全时可用that连接，或省略。 1. Tom can’t decide which sweater he should buy. 2. I don’t know if/ whether my father will come back tomorrow. 3. We all know that is the right answer. 4.We all know (that) the sun rises in the east. 时态 1. 考点:句型转换 2. 如果主句谓语动词为一般现在时,宾语从句谓语动词该用哪种时态就用哪种时态。 3. 如果主句谓语动词为一般过去时,宾语从句谓语动词使用相应的过去时态. 4. 如果从句说明的是客观真理或科学事实时,不管主句是何种时态,都用一般现在时. 5. 当主句是could you…表示婉转的语气,从句的时态无需受主句的影响而发生变化 1. Do you know when we are going to Beijing? 2. He tells me that his sister came back yesterday. 3. Lucy says that Lily is listening to the music. → Lucy said that Lily was listening to the music. 4. Lucy says that Lily will go home. → Lucy said that Lily would go home. 5. Lucy says that Lily gets up at six. → Lucy said that Lily got up at six. 6. Lucy says that Lily has never been to Guangzhou. → Lucy said that Lily had never been to Guangzhou. 7. The teacher told us that the earth moves around the sun. 8. Could you tell me if it is going to rain tomorrow? 9. Could you tell me whom the radio was invented by? 语序 从句以特殊疑问词开头时,疑问词后语序正装 Excuse me, could you tell me where I can change money? 直接引语与间接引语 1. 考点：句型转换 2. 人称变化要合逻辑 3. 时态变化要符合以上时态用法要求 1. I don’t know what I should do with the letter. = I don’t know what to do with the letter. 2. Jack’s mother asked him, “Have you packed your things?” = Jack’s mother asked him if he had packed his things. 3. She said, “Our bus will arrive in five minutes.” = She said that their bus would arrive in five minutes. 4. She asked me, “When do they have their dinner?” = She asked me when they had their dinner. 即学即练 1.（2022·上海中考真题） “When will we go to the VR experience center?” I asked the tour guide.（改为间接引语） I asked the tour guide _________ we _________ go to the VR experience centre. 【答案】 ①. when ②. would 【解析】 【详解】句意：“我们什么时候去VR体验中心？”我问导游。改为间接引语，可用when引导宾语从句，从句使用陈述语序，遵循“主过从必过”原则。根据“When will we go to the VR experience center?”可知，去VR体验中心发生在将来，结合“asked”可知，主句时态是一般过去时，从句应为过去将来时，即would+动词原形。故填when；would。 2.（2021·上海中考真题）“Have you visited the National Book Expo?” Linda asked me. （改为间接引语）Linda asked me ________ I ________ visited the National Book Expo. 【答案】whether#if had 【详解】 句意：琳达问我是否参观过国家书展。此处直接引语“Have you visited the National Book Expo?”是一般疑问句，变为间接引语，用whether/if引导，直接引语是现在完成时，变为间接引语用过去完成时，故填whether/if；had。 3.（2020·上海中考真题）"Will the exhibition be held in Shanghai？" Olivia asked her secretary．（改为间接引语） Olivia asked her secretary_____ the exhibition_____be held in Shanghai． 【答案】if would 【解析】句意：“展览会将在上海举行吗？”；Olivia问她的秘书展览是否会在上海举行。本题考查直接引语改为间接引语，直接引语是一般将来时态、一般疑问句，用if"是否"引导宾语从句，Olivia asked her secretary是一般过去时，所以间接引语用过去将来时态would+动词原形；故填if；would． 4.（2019·上海中考真题）. “Are you free to come to my place this Saturday?”Aaron asked me.（改为间接引语） Aaron asked me______I ______free to go to his place that Saturday. 【答案】 (1). if/whether (2). was 【解析】这里是改为间接引语，从句是一般疑问句，要用疑问词if/whether来引导，主句的时态是一般过去时态，be动词用单数was。根据题意，故填if/whether was。 5.（2018·上海中考真题） “How are you getting along with your new roommate?" Franklin asked me.(改为宾语从句) Franklin asked me_____ ______was getting along with my new roommate. 【答案】how I 【解析】原句为直接引语，改为间接引语后引语中的第二人称要与主句中的宾语保持一致。而改人称在从句中又作主语，故为 how I。 6.（2017·上海中考真题）"Have you ever been in a hot air balloon？"Melissa asked her mom．（改为宾语从句） Melissa asked her mom　 　 she　 　 ever been in a hot air balloon． 【答案】if；had 【解析】句意：﹣﹣"你曾经坐过热气球吗？"梅利莎问她妈妈．﹣﹣梅利莎问她妈妈，是否她曾经坐过热气球．考查宾语从句．直接引语为一般疑问句时，变宾语从句用if引导，意思是"是否"．直接引语是现在完成时态，宾语从句中的从句用过去完成时态，因此用助动词had．答案是if；had．　 （最新模拟试题） 1．（2024·上海杨浦·三模）Joe asked me, “Will you join us in the coming football match?” (改为间接引语) Joe asked me I join them in the coming football match. 【答案】 whether/if would 【详解】句意：Joe问我：“在即将到来的足球比赛中你会加入我们吗？” 改为间接引语，是宾语从句，从句是一般疑问句时，用whether或if引导宾语从句，由“asked”可知will要改成would。故填whether/if；would。 2．（2024·上海长宁·二模）“When do you plan to have the school sports meeting?” Tony asked his teacher Rose. (改为间接引语) Tony asked his teacher Rose she to have the school sports meeting. 【答案】 when planned 【详解】句意：“你打算什么时候开校运会？”托尼问他的老师罗斯。直接引语改为间接引语，原句有特殊疑问词when，用when引导宾语从句。根据“asked”可知，主句是一般过去时，则从句也应为过去时态，plan“计划”，其过去式为planned。故填when；planned。 3．（2024·上海崇明·二模）Does she want to book the tickets now? Alice doesn’t know. (合并为一句) Alice doesn’t know she to book the tickets now. 【答案】 whether/if wants 【详解】句意：她现在想订票吗？爱丽丝不知道。分析题目可知，原句可以合并为含有宾语从句的主从复合句，将一般疑问句变为宾语从句时，用whether/if引导，从句为第三人称单数作主语的一般现在时，所以动词want用三单形式。故填whether/if；wants。 4．（2024·上海宝山·二模）The actor asked the director, “Do you plan to make a film about Olympic champions?”  (改为间接引语) The actor asked the director he to make a film about Olympic champions. 【答案】 whether/if planned 【详解】句意：演员问导演，“你有计划制作关于奥运冠军的电影吗？”按要求改为间接引语，应是改为 “演员问导演他是否计划制作关于奥运冠军的电影”。谓语asked说明主句采用一般过去时，遵循“主过从必过”原则，借助if或whether引导宾语从句，谓语应用动词plan的过去式planned。故填whether/if；planned。 5．（2024·上海静安·二模）“I will design a poster for our own clothing store,” said the shop owner. （改为间接引语） The shop owner said that he a poster for their clothing store. 【答案】 would design 【详解】句意：店主说：“我会为我们自己的服装店设计一张海报。”。此处改为了宾语从句，主句是一般过去时，故此处从句用过去将来时would do。故填would；design。 6．（2024·上海嘉定·二模）“I will hand in my homework before the school is over,” said Mike. (改为间接引语) Mike said that hand in his homework before the school was over. 【答案】he would 【详解】句意：“我会在放学前交作业，”迈克说。根据题干可知，将直接引语改为间接引语，直接引语中的第一人称I，变为间接引语时，须与引述动词的主语Mike在人称上保持一致，即为he；主句为一般过去时，直接引语时态为一般将来时，变为间接引语，时态应为过去将来时，实义动词hand前需用助动词would。故填he would。 7．（2024·上海金山·二模）“Are you excited about the coming May Day?” Mum asked Jane. （改成间接引语） Mum asked Jane she excited about the coming May Day. 【答案】 if/whether was 【详解】句意：“你对即将到来的五一感到兴奋吗？”妈妈问简。本句可表示“妈妈问简是否对即将到来的五一感到兴奋”；if/whether“是否”，引导宾语从句；根据“asked”可知，是一般过去时，从句主语是she，be动词用was。故填if/whether；was。 8．（2024·上海徐汇·一模）“Can you find any idioms in this story?” Mr Green asked the students.  (改为间接引语) Mr Green asked the students they find some idioms in this story. 【答案】 if/whether could 【详解】句意：“你们能在这个故事中找到一些习语吗？” 格林先生问学生们。原句“Can you find any idioms in this story?”是一般疑问句，改为间接引语用if / whether “是否”引导宾语从句。根据“asked”可知，从句用一般过去时，can的过去式为could。故填if/whether；could。 9．（2024·上海松江·二模）The boy student asked: “Miss Liu, can you explain the word again?” (改为宾语从句) The boy student asked Miss Liu could explain the word again. 【答案】 if/whether she 【详解】句意：那个男学生问：“刘老师，你可以再次解释这个单词吗？”直接引语改为宾语从句，直接引语是一般疑问句，应用if或whether；语序由疑问句语序变为陈述句语序，直接引语主语you指的是Miss Liu，从句主语变为she。故填if/whether；she。 10．（2024·上海普陀·二模）Ben asked his sister, “Can you help me get everything ready for the party?”（改为间接引语） Ben asked his sister if help him get everything ready for the party. 【答案】 she could 【详解】句意：本问他的妹妹：“你能帮我把聚会的一切准备好吗？”直接引语是一般疑问句，变为间接引语用if引导，语序由疑问语序变为陈述语序；主句是一般过去时，直接引语的时态由一般现在时变为一般过去时；can的过去式是could；直接引语主语是第二人称，变为间接引语后，人称跟随“his sister”，用she。故填she；could。 11．（2024·上海徐汇·二模）“Have you been to the South Pole before?” The guide asked the tourists. (改为间接引语) The guide asked the tourists if been to the South Pole before. 【答案】they had 【详解】句意：“你们以前去过南极吗？”导游问游客。直接引语的句子是一般疑问句，时态为现在完成时，改为间接引语，用if“是否”引导，第二人称you变为they，问句变陈述句语序，时态用过去完成时，had been to“去过”，故填they had。 12．（2024·上海闵行·二模）“What can I do to arrange a party for my mum?”Mary asked. （改为间接引语） Mary asked she do to arrange a party for her mum. 【答案】 what could 【详解】句意：“我能为我妈妈的聚会做些什么？”玛丽问。改为间接引语后，则变为了宾语从句，从句用陈述语序；引导词用what，在句中作宾语，根据“主过从必过”可知，can要变为could。故填what；could。 13．（2024·上海虹口·二模）What will the restaurant provide for its 100th customer? I wanted to know it.（合并为一句） I wanted to know the restaurant provide for its 100th customer. 【答案】 what would 【详解】句意：这家餐厅将为第100位顾客提供什么？我想知道。此处可改为what引导的宾语从句；根据“wanted”可知主句是一般过去时，故此处从句用过去将来时would do。故填what；would。 14．（2024·上海浦东新·二模）“Will you accept the offer from our company?” the interviewer asked Tom. (改为间接引语) The interviewer asked Tom he accept the offer from their company. 【答案】 whether/if would 【详解】句意：“你会接受我们公司的工作吗？”采访者问汤姆。原句中“Will you accept the offer from our company?”是一般疑问句，改为间接引语可用whether/if“是否”引导的宾语从句；宾语从句时态遵循“主过从必过”原则，根据“asked”可知，主句是一般过去时，从句应为过去将来时：would do。故填whether/if；would。 15．（2024·上海黄浦·二模）“You should do some warming-up exercise before the game,” said the coach to us. (改为间接引语) The coach to do some warming-up exercise before the game. 【答案】advised us 【详解】句意：“你们应该在比赛前做些热身活动，”教练对我们说。原句改为间接引语表示“教练建议我们在比赛前做些热身活动”，advise sb to do sth“建议某人做某事”，原句时态是一般过去时，变间接引语时也用一般过去时，谓语动词用过去式advised。故填advised us。 16．（2024·上海杨浦·二模）Terry asked his father, “Will we visit the now museum during the trip?” (改为间接引语) Terry asked his father they visit the new museum during the trip. 【答案】 if/whether would 【详解】句意：Terry问他的父亲：“这次旅行我们会参观现在的博物馆吗？” 原句中“Will we visit the now museum during the trip?”是一般疑问句，改为间接引语时可以用if/whether引导的宾语从句；宾语从句时态遵循“主过从必过”原则，根据 “asked”可知，主句是一般过去时，则从句应为过去的某种时态，故此处用过去将来时would do。故填if/whether；would。 17．（23-24九年级下·上海黄浦·阶段练习）Mum said to Tom, “Don’t open the window.” (改为间接引语) Mum asked Tom not the window. 【答案】 to open 【详解】句意：妈妈对汤姆说：“不要打开窗户。”该句改为间接引语，可改为“妈妈叫汤姆不要打开窗户。”ask sb not to do“让某人不要做某事”。故填to；open。 18．（23-24九年级下·上海青浦·阶段练习）Will Emma arrive in Shanghai in two days? He kept asking me.（合并两句为一句） He kept asking me Emma arrive in Shanghai in two days. 【答案】 whether/if would 【详解】句意：Emma两天后会到上海吗？他一直在问我。分析句子可知，两句合并成带有宾语从句的句子，主句为“He kept asking me”，一般疑问句“Will Emma arrive in Shanghai in two days?”充当宾语从句，应用whether或if引导，并改为陈述句语序，主句为一般过去时，从句时态应为过去将来时“would do”。故填whether/if；would。 19．（23-24九年级下·上海浦东新·阶段练习）“How much do I need to pay?” I asked. (保持句意不变) I wondered how much to pay. 【答案】 I needed 【详解】句意：“我需要付多少钱?”我问。分析题干可知，直接引语是一个特殊疑问句，变成间接引语后，从句要用陈述句语序；how much作引导词；主句主语与从句主语为同一人，为I；主句时态为一般过去时，从句时态也要用过去时，谓语动词need应用过去式needed。故填I；needed。 20．（23-24九年级下·上海浦东新·阶段练习）“I’ll return the DVDs to Mary as soon as possible”, said Mike. (改为宾语从句) Mike said he back the DVDs to Mary as soon as possible. 【答案】 would give 【详解】句意：“我会尽快将 DVD还给玛丽”，迈克说。改为宾语从句：Mike说他要尽快的把DVDs归还给Mary。根据句子结构可知，Mike said后带了一个宾语从句，主句时态为过去时，从句时态也应为相应的过去时态，即将来过去时would+动词原形，空后有back，故该短语为give back。故填would；give。 阅读套餐 PASSAGE 1 （23-24九年级上·上海青浦·期末）在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其通顺。每空格限填一词，首字母已给。 Name: Dame Jane Morris Goodall Born: 3 April 1934 Known for: Being the first person to study chimpanzees (黑猩猩) in the wild Important discoveries: Found that chimpanzees have emotions, use tools and eat meat. (N: National Geographic Kids Magazine J: Jane Goodall) N: Hi Jane, when did you first know you wanted to work with animals? J: I was ten when I decided I wanted to go to Africa and live with wild animals and write books about them. That’s about 70 years ago now, and at that time then girls in England didn’t have those opportunities (机会). So everybody laughed at me and said, “Jane, d 1 about something you can achieve.” But my mother said, “If you really want something, you’re going to have to work hard and never give up!” N: Great a 2 ! What’ s been unusual about the work you’ve done? J: I studied animals in a different way. While I was in Tanzania in the 1960s, other scientists told me I’d done my whole study of chimpanzees w 3 . They explained that I shouldn’t have given the chimpanzees names and that they should have been numbered. I was told I couldn’t talk about their personalities, minds or emotions because they thought only humans had those things. But luckily, I’d learned from my dog as a child that what they said was not t 4 at all. N: It sounds like having a childhood pet really helped you in your studies! What are you most p 5 of? J: Helping people to understand that humans are part of the animal kingdom, not separate from it. When I started out, nobody else was studying chimpanzees in the wild, so I was able to show how their behaviour is like o 6 -kissing, hugging, holding hands, patting one another, etc. N: What t 7 would you give to NG Kids readers who want to have a wild career like yours? J: You’ve got to really, really want it! You could go to university and go straight into research, but there are also lots of chances for volunteering or for working at zoos. Keep your ears open for opportunities. N: Thanks for the chat, Jane! 【答案】1．(d)ream 2．(a)dvice 3．(w)rong 4．(t)rue 5．(p)roud 6．(o)urs 7．(t)ips 【导语】本文是国家地理儿童杂志编辑采访珍·古道尔的聊天记录。 1．句意：简，梦想一些你能实现的事情。分析句子结构可知，句子为祈使句，此处缺少动词原形；根据上文“I was ten when I decided I wanted to go to Africa and live with wild animals and write books about them. That’s about 70 years ago now, and at that time then girls in England didn’t have those opportunities”和首字母“d”可知，古道尔十岁的时候，就梦想去非洲和野生动物住在一起，并写关于它们的书；但在那时，英国的女孩没有这样的机会，所以人们就笑她，让她现实一点，梦想能实现的事情；dream“梦想”，动词，符合语境。故填(d)ream。 2．句意：好建议！根据“If you really want something, you’re going to have to work hard and never give up!”可知，其他人嘲笑他的梦想，但是母亲却建议她努力工作，永远不要放弃；结合语境和首字母“a”可知，advice“建议”，不可数名词，符合语境。故填(a)dvice。 3．句意：20世纪60年代，当我在坦桑尼亚的时候，其他科学家告诉我，我对黑猩猩的整个研究都错了。结合“They explained that I shouldn’t have given the chimpanzees names and that they should have been numbered. I was told I couldn’t talk about their personalities, minds or emotions because they thought only humans had those things.”和首字母“w”可知，此处是指其他科学家认为我对黑猩猩的研究是错误的；wrong“错误地，不正确”，副词，作状语修饰动词done，符合语境。故填(w)rong。 4．句意：但幸运的是，我从小就从我的狗身上学到，他们说的根本不是真的。结合“But luckily, I’d learned from my dog as a child…”和首字母“t”可知，其他科学家的说法与事实不符；true“真实的”，形容词，在句中作表语。故填(t)rue。 5．句意：你最自豪的是什么？根据下文“Helping people to understand that humans are part of the animal kingdom, not separate from it. When I started out, nobody else was studying chimpanzees in the wild,”可知，帮助人们理解人类是动物王国的一部分，而不是与之分离。当古道尔开始研究的时候，没有人在野外研究黑猩猩，所以她的贡献是巨大的，这让古道尔感到非常自豪；根据“be … of”和首字母“p”可知，此处考查be proud of“为……感到自豪”，形容词短语。故填(p)roud。 6．句意：当我开始研究的时候，没有人在野外研究黑猩猩，所以我能够展示它们的行为和我们的行为有什么相似之处——接吻、拥抱、牵手、互相抚摸等等。结合“their behavior”、首字母“o”和下文“kissing, hugging, holding hands, patting one another, etc.”可知，此处是指我们的行为，即our behavior，可用ours来代替。故填(o)urs。 7．句意：对于那些想拥有像你一样疯狂的职业生涯的国家地理儿童读者，你有什么建议吗？根据下文“You could go to university and go straight into research, but there are also lots of chances for volunteering or for working at zoos. Keep your ears open for opportunities.”可知，此处是询问古道尔是否有一些建议给国家地理杂志的儿童读者；结合首字母“t”可知，tip“建议”，可数名词，由语境可知，此处应用复数形式表泛指。故填(t)ips。 PASSAGE 2 （23-24九年级上·上海杨浦·期末） Intelligent animals Scientists used to believe that animals could not think, but now we know that animals can understand information and use it. 8 , if we repeat words such as Down or Sit to dogs, they’ll begin to understand them and follow the instruction. Some kinds of dogs can understand more than one hundred words! Some dogs have jobs. Working dogs are 9 good at learning words because they have to listen carefully to instructions. Border collies, a kind of dog, are often used to move sheep. Farmers use special words to tell the dogs what to do. They say Find when they want the dog to go and look for the sheep, and then Walk when they want the dog to move towards the sheep. The dogs also need to understand the word Stop. They can also understand if they have done a job well and 10 whether the command is from their own farmer. Dogs are not the only creatures that can learn words. An orca (killer whale) called Wilkie has been taught to repeat the words Hello and Bye-bye and can count to three. She produces the sounds by pushing air through her blowhole, but amazingly, she can 11 the sound of a human voice. If she listens to children, she sounds like a child when she repeats the words. In the wild, orcas live in groups and the young orcas make the similar sounds to the sounds the adult orcas make. So, each group of orcas 12 from other groups. Parrots are famous for repeating words, and an African Grey parrot called Alex could understand the English words for one hundred and fifty different things—like water, banana and grape. He knew some colours and shapes, and he could count various items. He could even understand the word none or zero. People once thought it was 13   to say someone had a brain like a bird, but now it seems birds and other animals are smarter than we thought. An orca in the deep ocean 8．A．As a result B．For example C．In fact D．What’s more 9．A．especially B．obviously C．truly D．recently 10．A．wonder B．hesitate C．recognize D．guess 11．A．follow B．create C．operate D．copy 12．A．communicates in a different way B．stays in a distance C．moves quickly away D．protects their children 13．A．strange B．puzzling C．calm D．rude 【答案】8．B 9．A 10．C 11．D 12．A 13．D 【导语】本文主要介绍了动物界中有些动物可以听得懂人类的指令。 8．句意：举个例子，如果我们对狗重复“下来”或“坐下”等词语，它们就会开始理解并遵循指令。 As a result结果；For example举个例子；In fact事实上；What’s more另外。根据上文“Scientists used to believe that animals could not think, but now we know that animals can understand information and use it.”可知，此处举出小狗的实例说明动物可以理解并使用信息。故选B。 9．句意：工作犬特别擅长学习词汇，因为它们必须仔细聆听指令。 especially特别地；obviously显而易见地；truly真实地；recently最近。此处应用副词especially修饰形容词good，强调特别擅长。故选A。 10．句意：它们还会知道自己的工作是否做得好，并识别命令是否来自自己的农夫。 wonder想知道；hestate犹豫；recognize识别；guess猜测。根据“whether the command is from their own farmer”可知此处指小狗能识别主人的指令。故选C。 11．句意：她通过将空气推入气孔来发出声音，但令人惊讶的是，她可以模仿人的声音。 follow跟随；create创造；operate操作；copy复制，模仿。根据下文“If she listens to children, she sounds like a child when she repeats the words.”可知，虎鲸会模仿人类的声音。故选D。 12．句意：因此，每群虎鲸的交流方式都与其他群组不同。 communicates in a different way以不同的方式交流；stays in a distance保持距离；moves quickly away快速离开；protects their children保护它们的孩子。根据上文“In the wild, orcas live in groups and the young orcas make the similar sounds to the sounds the adult orcas make.”可知，同个群体的虎鲸幼体发出的声音与成年虎鲸相似，由此可知不同群体的交流方式不同。故选A。 13．句意：人们曾经认为说某人拥有像鸟一样的脑袋是不礼貌的，但现在看来鸟类和其他动物比我们想象的更聪明。 strange奇怪的；puzzling令人不解的；calm冷静的；rude不礼貌的。根据“once thought”和“smarter than we thought”可知，鸟儿比我们想象中聪明，所以之前人们的看法是认为鸟儿不聪明，因此说人的脑袋和鸟儿一样，是不礼貌的说法。故选D。 词汇打卡 读一读 背一背 (带◆号为上海中考新增词汇) 单词 音标 词性 中文 1 waiter ['weɪtə(r)] n． 侍者；服务员 2 waitress ['weɪtrəs] n． 女侍者；女服务员 3 warn [wɔːn] vt. 警告，预先通知 4 wash [wɒʃ] v. 洗(涤)，冲洗 5 waste [weɪst] n.&vt. 浪费 6 weak weak a. 差的，弱的，淡的 7 website ['websaɪt] n. 网站 8 wealth [welθ] n. 财产，财富 9 wear(wore, worn) [weə(r)] v. 穿，戴 10 weigh [weɪ] vt. 称……的重量，重(若干) 11 whole [həʊl] a. 整个的；全部的 12 wake(woke,woken) [weɪk] v. 醒，醒来，叫醒 13 whether ['weðə(r)] conj. 是否 14 weather ['weðə(r)] n. 天气 15 widen ['waɪdn] v． 拓宽 16 wild [waɪld] adj． 野生的，荒凉的 17 winner ['wɪnə(r)] n. 获胜者 18 wonder ['wʌndə(r)] v. 对……疑惑，想知道 19 wooden ['wʊdn] adj． 木质的 20 worry ['wʌri] v. 烦恼，担忧，发怒，困扰 21 worth [wɜːθ] a. 有……的价值，值得……的 22 wounded ['wuːndɪd] adj． 受伤的 23 yard [jɑːd] n. 码；院子；场地 24 yogurt ['jɒɡət] n. 酸奶 25 zebra ['zebrə] n. 班马 26 zero ['zɪərəʊ] n.&num. 零；零度；零点 ◆27 whale [weɪl] n． 鲸鱼 ◆28 whatever [wɒtˈevə(r)] conj． 不管什么，无论什么 ◆29 whenever [wenˈevə(r)] conj. 无论什么时候；每当 ◆30 wheel [wiːl] n. 轮；车轮 想一想 写一写 根据句意用所给单词的适当词性填空 1. This chair is not plastic. It's _________. (wood) 2. This park is full of coloured rocks and other natural _________. (wonder) 3. Many people like keeping pets. First, it's nice to hold them in arms. And also, it's________ to see them grow up day by day. (wonder) 4. Improving students' English speaking and _________ skills is the aim of this TV programme. (write) 5. He hurt his leg and suffered from bleeding, but luckily, the doctor said it was not a serious_______. (wounded) 6. His idea of protecting the forest spread quickly and was ________ accepted by more and more people. (wide) 7. This piece of work shows the great ________ of the native people. (wise) 8. He was the ________ of the school debating competition. (win) 9. Long ago, ________ hunters went out to work and brought back food for their family. (woman) 10. ________ are wild animals. They usually live in forests in groups. (wolf) 11. Computers are ______ used in business, science and technology. (wide) 12. The old temple shows the ______ of the ancient Chinese people. (wise) 13. These ______ tables are on sale. (wood) 14. Mum looked ______ because I broke my left leg. (worry) 15. Do you know the Seven ______ in the world? (wonderful) 16. He always ______ about his young daughter. (worried) 17. Wu Liangyong is one of the ______ to get China's Top Science Award this year. (win) 18. Mr. Smith told his students to be more careful on ______ days. (wind) 19. I wonder if the floor can support such a ______ of furniture. (weigh) 20. I hear that the government will ______ the road soon. (wide) 【答案】 1. wooden 2. wonders 3. wonderful 4. writing 5. wound 6. widely 7. wisdom 8. winner 9. women 10. Wolves 11.widely 12.wisdom 13.wooden 14.worried 15.wonders 16.worries 17.winners 18.windy 19. weight 20.widen 词组默写 341.愉快地 342.在……的帮助下 343.做出;算出;制定出 344.为……而担心 345.想要;(表示喜欢，愿意)很想;很愿意 346. 宁愿，宁可 347. 现在，目前 348. 与……有联系 349. 被……覆盖 350. 对……熟悉；通晓 351. 对……感到满意 352. 对……严格 353. 大人物；了不起的事 354. 被要求去做某事 355. 爆发 356. 抱怨；投诉 357. 使……平静 358. 偶遇，遇见 359. 想出，提出 360. 把...分成... 341. with pleasure 342. with the help of 343. 3work out 344. worry about 345. would like/love(to) 346. would rather 347. at present 348. be connected to / with 349. be covered with 350. be / get familiar to / with 351. be satisfied with 352. be strict with 353. big deal 354. be required to do 355. break out 356. calm down 357. complain about 358. come across 359. come up with 360. divide...into... 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！6 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$