人教版2019高中英语新教材必修一 Unit4单词详解

人教版高中英语新教材 必修一 Unit 4 1. disaster  /dɪˈzɑ:stə(r)/  n. 灾难；灾害 2. tornado /tɔ:ˈneɪdəʊ /  n. (pl. -oes or -os) 龙卷风；旋风 3. drought  / draʊt /  n. 旱灾；久旱 4. landslide / ˈlændslaɪd /  n.  ( landfall) (山地或悬崖的)崩塌；滑坡 5. slide  / slaɪd /  vi. & vt. (使)滑行；滑动 6. tsunami / tsu:ˈnɑ:mi /  n.  海啸 各种自然灾害： 1．flood n．　　　洪水 2．hurricane n. 飓风 3．sandstorm n. 沙尘暴 4．typhoon n. 台风 5．volcano n. 火山 6．snowstorm n. 暴风雪 7．tornado n. 龙卷风 8．tsunami n. 海啸 9．landslide n. 山体滑坡 10．drought n. 旱灾；干旱 7. flood  /flʌd /  n.  洪水；大量   vi.淹没；大量涌入  vt.使灌满水；淹没 be flooded with 8. volcanic eruption / vɔlˈkænɪk  ɪˈrʌpʃn /  火山喷发 9. magnitude /ˈmægnɪtju:d / n.  (地)震级；重大 10. rescue  /ˈreskju:/  n.& vt.营救；救援 go/come to sb.'s rescue ＝ rescue sb.　 救援某人 rescue ...from ... 把……从……营救出来 ①Tom rescued a boy from the river on his way home. ②When we were trapped in the ruins, the soldiers came to our (we) rescue. 11. damage  /ˈdæmɪdʒ /  vt. 损害；破坏  n.损坏；损失 12. destroy  /dɪ'strɔɪ/  vt.  摧毁 ；毁灭 damage表示不是完全毁坏，损坏部分能修复。damage作名词时，常用短语do/cause damage to，意为“对……造成损害”； destroy指彻底毁坏以致很难修复，其名词是destruction 13. evacuate /ɪˈvækjueɪt /  vt. 疏散；撤出 vi.撤离 14. helicopter /ˈhelɪkɒptə(r)/ n.  直升机 15. death / deθ/  n.  死；死亡 16. affect  /ə'fekt/  vt.  影响；(疾病)侵袭；深深打动 be affected by　　受……的影响；被……感动= be deeply moved；be deeply touched； be affected with 感染……疾病 have an affection for意为“喜欢……” ①Many young people were affected by his story. They began to do volunteer work for the disabled. =Affected by his story, many young people began to do volunteer work for the disabled. ②Affected with high fever, he continued with his work. ③I have much affection for my mum, whose words and actions have a positive effect on me. 17. shelter  /'ʃeltə(r)/  n. 避难处；居所；庇护    vt.保护；掩蔽    vi. 躲避 (风、雨或危险) 18. crack /kræk/  n. 裂纹；裂缝 vi. & vt. (使)破裂 19. as if  似乎；好像；仿佛 ＝as though，意为“似乎；好像；仿佛”，在句中引导表语从句或方式状语从句。 (1)如果所引导的从句表示的是真实的或极有可能发生的情况时，从句要用陈述语气。 (2)当说话人所陈述的是不真实的或极少可能发生或存在的情况时，从句用虚拟语气。与现在事实相反，用一般过去时(be动词用were)；与过去事实相反，用had done；与将来事实相反，用would/could/might＋动词原形。 (3)as though/if引导的从句中的主语和主句主语一致，且含有be动词时，从句中的主语和be动词常常可以省略。 单句语法填空 ①The kids were very friendly with her and even looked up to her as if she were (be) their own mother. ②Jack wasn't saying anything but the teacher smiled at him as if he had_done (do) something very clever. ③He opened his mouth as if to_say (say) something important. 20. ruin  /'ru:ɪn/  n.&vt. 破坏；毁坏 ruin多用于借喻中，指毁坏价值、用途等。它还可作名词，常用短语：in ruins，意为“严重受损，破败不堪”； 21. in ruins  严重受损；破败不堪 (1)lie/be in ruins　　　　　 成为废墟 be reduced to ruins 沦为废墟 (2)ruin oneself 毁掉自己；自取灭亡 ruin one's health/fame 毁坏某人的健康/声誉 单句语法填空 ①A number of high buildings have arisen where there was nothing three years ago but ruins (ruin)． ②When they returned to Rockaway the next day, they found their neighborhood in ruins. 　一句多译 ③他犯了个错误， 这让他失去了出国的机会。 →He made a mistake, which_ruined_his_chance of going abroad.(定语从句) →He made a mistake, ruining_his_chance of going abroad.(分词作状语) 22. percent  / pəˈsent /  n.  百分之…… adj.&adv.每一百种  23. brick  /brɪk/  n.  砖；砖块 24. metal  /'metl/  n. 金属 25. shock  /ʃɒk/  n. 震惊；令人震惊的事；休克  vt.(使)震惊 26. in shock  震惊；吃惊 (1)a great shock to ...　 对……是极大的震惊 in shock 震惊；吃惊 (2) shocked adj. 震惊的；惊讶的 be shocked at/by 对……吃惊 be shocked to do sth 做某事很吃惊 (3) shocking adj. 令人震惊的 单句语法填空 ①They sat there in shock and disbelief. ②All of us were shocked at the shocking news that many deaths had been caused by the mountain fire.(shock) ③I was shocked to_hear (hear) the news that he had been fired by the company. 句式升级 ④So many people were injured or died in the earthquake. All of us were shocked. →What_shocked_all_of_us_was that so many people were injured or died in the earthquake.(主语从句) →So many people were injured or died in the earthquake, which_shocked_all_of_us．(定语从句) 27. electricity  /ɪˌlekˈtrɪsəti/  n. 电；电能 28. trap  /træp/  vt. 使落入险境；使陷入圈套    n. 险境；陷阱 be trapped in 被困住 trap sb into doing sth 劝说某人做某事 trap sb out of doing sth 诱骗某人不做某事 29. bury  /ˈberi/  vt.  埋葬；安葬 be buried in 　　　 埋头于；专心于 bury one's face in one's hands 双手掩面 ①The young man, who also seemed deeply buried in thought, raised his eyes. ②The girl was sitting there，burying (bury) her face in her hands. (1)bury 用作“使沉浸；使专心”之意时，其后常接反身代词作宾语或使用被动语态，搭配为：bury oneself in/be buried in(埋头于；专心于) (2)表示“专心于；致力于”的其他常用短语：be devoted to；be absorbed/engaged/ lost in；focus on；fix/concentrate/focus one's attention on等 单句语法填空 ①With so many people buried_ (bury) under the ruins, none of the rescue workers would stop to have a rest. ②Buried (bury) in his study, he wasn't aware that all the others had left. ③Burying (bury) his face in his hands, he tried to control his weeping. 句式升级 ④Because he buried himself in his books, he didn't know it was raining outside. →Burying_himself_in his books, he was not aware it was raining outside.(动词­ing形式短语作状语) →Buried_in his books, he was not aware it was raining outside.(动词­ed形式短语作状语) 30. breathe  / bri:ð/  vi.& vt.呼吸 breathe deeply =take a deep breath 深呼吸 31. revive /rɪˈvaɪv/  vt.& vi.复活；(使)苏醒     32. revival /rɪˈvaɪvl/  n. 振兴；复苏 33. effort  /'efət/  n. 努力；艰难的尝试；尽力 make an effort to do sth.　　 努力做某事 spare no effort to do sth. 不遗余力地做某事 make every effort 尽一切努力 ①My English teacher spares no effort to_help (help) me with my English. ②The local clubs are making an effort to interest more young volunteers. ③Another reason why we should never give up is that we can learn from our mistakes only_if_we_make_every_effort. 另一个我们永不放弃的原因是：只有尽一切努力，我们才能从错误中学习。 34. unify /ˈju:nɪfaɪ /  vi.& vt. 统一；(使)成一体 35. wisdom  /ˈwɪzdəm/  n. 智慧；才智 36. context  /ˈkɒntekst/  n. 上下文；语境；背景 37. suffer  /ˈsʌfə/  vt. 遭受；蒙受 vi. (因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦 (1)suffer pain/defeat/loss　 遭受痛苦/失败/损失 suffer from 遭受；患病 It is true that we may suffer from failure from time to time. However, it is important that we never lose the enthusiasm to keep on trying. (2)suffering n. 苦恼；让人痛苦的事 sufferer n. 患难者；患病者 ①Compared with those who are engaged in manual labor, teachers are suffering_from greater mental stress nowadays. ②There is no denying that our earth is suffering severe damage. ③The old man is said to have gone through varieties of sufferings (suffer) during the war. 　句式升级 ④John has suffered from lung cancer for many years. He has decided to give up smoking. →Having_suffered_from_lung_cancer_for_many_years,_John has decided to give up smoking.(动词­ing形式短语作状语) 38. volcano  /vɒlˈkeɪnəʊ/  n.  (pl. -oes or -os)火山 39. erupt  /ɪˈrʌpt/  vi.& vt. (火山)爆发；(岩浆、烟等)喷出 40. supply  /səˈplaɪ/  n. 供应(量)；补给；[pl.] 补给品  vt. 供应；供给 (1)in short supply　　　　　 短缺 The natural resources, such as coal and oil, are in short supply in this country. have a good supply of ... 备有许多…… school/medical supplies 学校/医疗用品 (2)supply sth to sb=supply sb with sth 为某人提供某物 Moreover, the competition will supply you with a chance to develop your creativity and build friendship with other students. 　单句语法填空 ①For the biggest stadiums in the world, we have used data supplied (supply) by the World Atlas list so far. ②The natural resources, such as coal and oil, are in short supply in this country. 一句多译 ③此外，这次竞争将会给你提供一个机会，帮助你发展创造力，与志同道合的同学建立友谊。 →Moreover, the competition will supply_you_with_a_chance to develop your creativity and build friendship with other students who share the same interest with you. →Moreover, the competition will supply_a_chance_to you to develop your creativity and build friendship with other students who share the same interest with you. [联想]　其他表示“为某人提供某物”的短语 (1)provide sb with sth＝provide sth for sb (2)offer sb sth＝offer sth to sb 41. typhoon  /taɪˈfu:n/  n. 台风 42. in the open air  露天；在户外 43. hurricane  /ˈhʌrɪkən/  n .  (尤指大西洋的)飓风 44. survive  /səˈvaɪv/  vi. 生存；存活 vt. 幸存；艰难度过 (1)survive from　　　 从……中幸存 The Xi'an City Wall is the most complete city wall that has_survived(survive) China's long history. survive on 依靠……生存下来 I don't know how you all manage to survive on Jeremy's salary. survive ...by ... 比……多活了…… As far as I know，the old lady survived her husband by 5 years. (2)survivor n. 幸存者 survival n. [U] 幸存；[C] 残存物 　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①The local governments made great efforts to build shelters for people who survived (survive) the hurricane. ②If he couldn't find his way out of the forest, there would be little chance of survival (survive)． ③The plane crashed in an area of dense jungle. There were no survivors (survive)． 句式升级 ④After she had survived that night, she was confident that everything else would be all right. →Having_survived_that_night,_she was confident that everything else would be all right.(分词作状语) 45. power  /ˈpaʊə(r)/  n. 电力供应；力量；控制力 (1)be in power　　　　　　 掌权，执政(表示状态) come to/into power 上台，执政 within one's power 在某人的能力之内 beyond one's power 超出某人的能力 (2)have the power to do sth 有能力做某事 (3)powerful adj. 强有力的，强大的 单句语法填空 ①Though he has been in power for two years, he hasn't found an effective solution to the country's economic problems. ②Unfortunately, it's beyond my power to get through the work in such a short time. ③It seems obvious that these have made humankind the most powerful (power) animal on earth. 一句多译 ④我决定尽一切努力做一名合格的志愿者。 →I have decided that I will_do_everything_in_my_power to work as a qualified volunteer.(power) →I have made up my mind that I will_make_every_effort_to/spare_no_effort_to work as a qualified volunteer.(effort) [联想]　其他表示“竭尽全力做某事”的常用表达 ①do/try one's best to do sth ②make every effort to do sth 46. tap /tæp/  vi.& vt. 轻叩；轻敲；轻拍  n.水龙头；轻叩；轻敲 47. pipe  /paɪp/  n. 管子；管道 48. whistle /ˈwɪsl/  vi. 吹口哨；发出笛声   vt. 吹口哨n. 哨子(声)；呼啸声 49. emergency  /iˈmɜ:dʒənsi/  n. 突发事件；紧急情况 50. calm  /kɑ:m/  adj. 镇静的；沉着的  vt.使平静；使镇静 keep calm 保持镇静 calm down 镇静下来 51. aid  /eɪd/  n. 援助；帮助；救援物资 vi.& vt. (formal) 帮助；援助 52. kit  /kɪt/  n. 成套工具；成套设备 53. first aid kit  急救箱 54. on hand 现有(尤指帮助) 55. crash  /kræʃ/  vt.& vi.碰撞；撞击 n.撞车；碰撞 56. sweep  /swi:p/  vt. & vi. ( swept, swept) 打扫；清扫 57. sweep away 消灭；彻底消除 58. wave  /weɪv/  n. 海浪；波浪 vi.& vt.挥手；招手 59. strike  /straɪk/ vi.& vt. (struck, struck/stricken) 侵袭；突击；击打  n. 罢工；罢课；袭击 It strikes sb. that ...　某人突然想起…… sth. strike sb. 某人突然想起某事 be struck by　　 被……打动/迷住 strike ... into one's heart 使……刻骨铭心 A．打　　 B．使突然想起 C．罢工 D．灾难、疾病等袭击 E．划(火柴) F．(钟)敲 　　根据语境选出strike的含义。 1．When I entered the room, the clock had just struck 10.__F__ 2．As an old saying goes，“Strike the iron while it's hot.” You'd better go over what you have learned as soon as possible.__A__ 3．The girl struck a match and the warm light filled the room immediately.__E__ 4．They have been on strike for several days to get a higher pay.__C__ 5．A big earthquake struck the city last year, killing hundreds of people.___D__ 6．I was about to pay the taxi driver when it struck me that I had left my wallet on the airplane.__B__ 60. deliver  /dɪˈlɪvə(r)/  vt. & vi.递送；传达 vt.发表 61. summary  /ˈsʌməri/  n. 总结；概括；概要 62. effect  /ɪˈfekt/  n. 影响；结果；效果 (1)take effect　　　生效；见效 come into effect 生效 side effect 副作用 have an effect/influence impact/on/upon 对……产生影响 put ...into effect 实施；使……生效 (2)effective adj. 有效的；有影响的 (3)affect vt. 影响；使感动 单句语法填空/完成句子 ①The recommendations will soon be put_into_effect to deal with the present situation. ②She smiled calmly when she learnt that effective (effect) measures had been taken to deal with the emergency. ③The traffic issue not_only_affects_our_everyday_life (不仅影响着我们的日常生活), but may also threaten people's lives. 63. length  /leŋθ/  n. 长；长度 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$