UNIT2 Period 1 Understanding ideas—Reading comprehension-【优化探究】2025-2026学年高中英语必修第一册同步导学案配套课件（外研版2019）

必修 第一册 Unit 2　Exploring English 1 【单元知识目标】 重点单词 title; behavior; opposing; confusing; unique; alarm; reflect; creativity; creative; visible; type; unfamiliar; contact; organization; likely; apartment; flat; context; addition; resource; misadventure; remind; rather; comment; entrance; section; exit; actually; downstairs; odd; negative; positive; error; intend; informal; recognize; base; aware 2 重点短语 get...doing; in one’s free time; speaking of; wonder at; burn up/down; fill in/out; wind up; play safe; come across; have a frog in one’s throat; be aware of 单元语法 构词法 单元写作 故事类短文 【单元话题词汇】 Period 1　Understanding ideas—Reading comprehension 5 内容索引 NEIRONGSUOYIN 课时作业 巩固提升 必备知识 自主探究 6 必备知识 自主探究 7 Neither Pine① nor Apple in Pineapple② [标题赏析]单词pineapple由pine和apple合成,却表示“菠萝”。用“Neither Pine nor Apple in Pineapple”作标题,既夺人眼球,吸引读者,又暗示了文章主题:English is a crazy language to learn。 Part 1　教材原文助读 ①pine/paIn/n.[C,U]松树 ②pineapple/ˈpaInæp(ə)l/n.[C,U]菠萝 9 菠萝≠松树+苹果 10 　　Have you ever asked yourself why people often have trouble learning③ English?I hadn’t,until one day my five-year-old son asked me whether there was ham④ in a hamburger.  There isn’t.This made me realize that there’s no egg in eggplant⑤ either. Neither is there pine nor apple in pineapple.  This got me thinking how English can be a crazy language to learn.  11 why引导的宾语从句,作asked的直接宾语。 整个句子是“not...until...”结构。“I hadn’t”是“I hadn’t asked myself”的省略形式;until引导时间状语从句,在该时间状语从句中,whether引导的从句作asked的直接宾语,whether在此意为“是否”。 make sb.do sth.结构,意为“使某人做某事”。 12 “neither...nor...”是并列连词,意为“既不……也不……;……和……都不”;此处否定词Neither位于句首,故句子用倒装语序。 “get+宾语+宾语补足语”结构,其中现在分词thinking作宾语补足语。 how引导的从句,作thinking的宾语。 13 ③have trouble (in) doing sth.做某事有困难 [近义]　have difficulty (in) doing sth.做某事费劲/有困难 ④ham/hæm/n.[C,U]火腿 ⑤eggplant/ˈeɡplɑːnt/n.[C,U]茄子 14 　　你有没有问过自己,为什么人们常常在学习英语方面有困难?我以前从未想过这个问题,直到有一天,我5岁的儿子问我hamburger(汉堡包)里面有没有ham(火腿)。答案是没有。这让我意识到,eggplant(茄子)里面也没有egg(鸡蛋)。pineapple(菠萝)里既没有pine(松树),也没有apple(苹果)。这让我想到英语是一门多么疯狂的语言。 15 　　For example,in our free time we can sculpt⑥ a sculpture and paint a painting,but we take a photo.And when we are traveling we say that we are in the car or the taxi,but on the train or bus! While we’re doing all this traveling,we can get seasick⑦ at sea,airsick in the air and carsick in a car,but we don’t get homesick when we get back home. And speaking of⑧ home,why aren’t homework and housework the same thing?  16 该句中when引导时间状语从句,that引导宾语从句,作say的宾语。 本句为由并列连词but引导的并列复合句。前一分句中,while引导时间状语从句;后一分句中,when引导时间状语从句。 17 ⑥sculpt/skʌlpt/vt.雕刻,雕塑 sculpture/ˈskʌlptʃə/n.[C,U]雕像,雕刻品,雕塑作品 ⑦seasick/ˈsiːˌsIk/adj.晕船的 [构词法]　sick作形容词时,意为“不适的”,常用于构成复合词,如airsick(晕机)。 ⑧speaking of... 提起…… 18 例如,闲暇时我们可以雕刻一座雕像(sculpt a sculpture)、画一张画(paint a painting),但只能拍一张照片(take a photo)。旅行时,我们坐汽车或出租车时是说坐在里面(in),坐火车或公共汽车时却要说坐在上面(on)!同样,我们会在海(sea)上晕船(seasick),在空(air)中晕机(airsick),在车(car)里晕车(carsick),但回到家(home)里我们却不会晕家(homesick的实际意思为“想家的”)。说到家,为什么homework(家庭作业)和housework(家务)不是一回事呢? 19 　　If “hard” is the opposite⑨ of “soft”,why are “hardly” and “softly” not an opposing pair? If harmless⑩ actions are the opposite of harmful actions,why are shameless and shameful behaviors the same? 　　When we look out of the window and see rain or snow,we can say “it’s raining” or “it’s snowing”. But when we see sunshine, we can’t say “it’s sunshining”. 20 ⑨opposite/ˈɒpəzIt/n.[C]对立的人(或物),对立面 ⑩harmless adj.无害的,不会导致损伤的 [反义]　harmful adj.有害的,导致损害的 [构词法]　形容词后缀-less表示“没有的;不做的,不受影响的”。 形容词后缀-ful表示“充满……的,有……性质(或倾向)的”。 ⑪shameless adj.无耻的,没廉耻的 shameful adj.可耻的,丢脸的 21 ⑫behavior/bIˈheIvjə/n.[U]举止,行为;[U,C](人、动植物、化学品等的)表现方式、活动方式 good/bad behavior 良好/恶劣行为 [词链]　behave vi.表现 vt.& vi.表现得体,有礼貌 　　如果说“hard(硬)”是“soft(软)”的反义词,为什么“hardly (几乎不)”和“softly(柔和地)”却不是一对反义词呢?如果说harmless actions(无害行为)和harmful actions (有害行为)意思相反,为什么shameless behaviors(无耻行为)和shameful behaviors (可耻行为)反而是一回事呢? 当我们望向窗外,看到雨(rain)或雪(snow)时,我们可以说正在下雨(it’s raining)或正在下雪(it’s snowing)。可我们看见阳光(sunshine)的时候却不能说“正在下阳光”(it’s sunshining)。 23 　　Even the smallest words can be confusing. When you see the capitalized “WHO” in a medical report,do you read it as the “who” in “Who’s that?” What about “IT” and “US”? 24 ⑬confusing/kənˈfjuːzIŋ/adj.令人困惑的 ⑭capitalized/ˈkæpItlaIzd/adj.大写的 25 就算是最短的单词都会让人费解。当你在医学报告中看到大写的WHO时,你会把它读成“Who’s that?”中的who吗?那么IT和US又该怎么读呢? 26 　　You also have to wonder at the unique madness of a language in which a house can burn up as it burns down,in which you fill in a form by filling it out,and in which an alarm is only heard once it goes off!  画线部分为三个并列的“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句,均修饰先行词a language。在第一个定语从句中,as引导时间状语从句;在第三个定语从句中,once引导时间状语从句。 27 ⑮unique/juːˈniːk/adj.独一无二的;独特的;特有的 be unique to(某地、某人或某事物)独有的 ⑯madness n.[U]疯狂;愚蠢行为 ⑰burn up 烧毁,烧尽 [拓展]　burn down焚毁,烧毁 burn sth.to the ground 把某物焚烧殆尽 ⑱fill in 填写(表格等)(=fill out) ⑲alarm/əˈlɑːm/n.[C]闹钟;警报器 ⑳go off(警报器等)突然发出巨响;离开;爆炸;(电灯)熄灭 英语这门语言独有的疯狂令你不得不感到诧异。在英语里,房子烧成灰烬的时候,可以说burn up(字面意思为“烧上去”),也可以说burn down(字面意思为“烧下去”);填表的时候,你可以fill in a form(字面意思为“填入表里”),也可以fill out a form(字面意思为“填到表外”);而且只有闹钟走了(go off字面意思为“离开”)以后你才能听到铃声! 　　English was invented by people,not computers, and it reflects the creativity of the human race. That is why when the stars are out,they are visible,but when the lights are out,they are invisible. And that is why when I wind up my watch,it starts,but when I wind up this passage,it ends.  “That is why...”意为“那就是……的原因”,为固定句型。此句型中why引导的是表语从句。本句中“when the stars are out”与“when the lights are out”均为when引导的时间状语从句。下一句话也是这样的结构。 ㉑reflect/rIˈflekt/vt.显示;反映vt.& vi.深思 ㉒creativity/ˌkriːeIˈtIvIti/n.[U]创造性,创造力 ㉓the human race 人类 [同义]　humankind n.[U](统称)人,人类 ㉔visible/ˈvIzIb(ə)l/adj.看得见的,可见的 [反义]　invisible/InˈvIzəb(ə)l/adj.看不见的 ㉕wind/wInd/(wound/wound) vt.& vi.给(钟表等)上发条;蜿蜒,曲折而行,迂回 vt.卷缠,缠绕 wind up 给(机械)上发条;使(活动、会议等)结束;以……告终(或终结) wind down把(汽车窗玻璃等)摇下;使(业务、活动等)逐步结束 英语是人创造的,不是计算机发明的,它反映了人类的创造力。那就是为什么stars are out(星星出来了)的时候我们能看到星星,而lights are out(灯灭了)的时候我们却看不到灯光。这也是当我wind up my watch(给手表上紧发条)以后表针开始走,而我wind up this passage (将本文收尾)后这篇文章结束的原因。 Part 2　语篇研析 1.Match the main idea with each part. Part 1(Para.1)　　 A.Examples of some confusing expressions. Part 2(Para.2-6) B.The reason why English is so crazy. Part 3(Para.7) C.English is a crazy language to learn. 答案:Part 1 C　Part 2 A　Part 3 B 35 2.What’s the main idea of the text? A.English is very difficult to learn. B.How to learn English. C.English is interesting and creative. D.How English was created. 答案:C 36 Read the text carefully and then choose the best answers. 1.What made the author think English is a crazy language? A.His son’s question. B.The ham in a hamburger. C.The apple in pineapple. D.His trouble in learning English. 答案:A 37 2.What can we learn from all the examples given in the text? A.They explain how to learn English. B.They introduce the history of English. C.They reflect the creativity of the human race. D.They show the large vocabulary of English. 答案:C 38 3.What do we know from the last paragraph? A.Words always have the same meanings. B.Words can’t always describe what we feel. C.Words sometimes confuse us. D.Words can have different meanings in different situations. 答案:D 39 4.How does the author develop the text? A.By stating arguments. B.By making comparisons. C.By giving examples. D.By providing research results. 答案:C 40 1.While we’re doing all this traveling,we can get seasick at sea,airsick in the air and carsick in a car,but we don’t get homesick when we get back home. [句式分析]　本句中while和when分别引导两个_________从句, but为_________连词,连接两个分句。 时间状语 并列 [翻译]　 ________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 旅游期间,我们会在海(sea)上晕船(seasick),在空(air)中晕机(airsick),在车(car)里晕车(carsick),但回到家(home)里我们却不会晕家(homesick的实际意思为“想家的”)。 2.You also have to wonder at the unique madness of a language in which a house can burn up as it burns down,in which you fill in a form by filling it out,and in which an alarm is only heard once it goes off! [句式分析]　本句为三个并列的_________从句,修饰a language;其 中as引导_________从句,once引导_________从句。 定语 时间状语 时间状语 [翻译]　_________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 英语这门语言独有的疯狂令你不得不感到诧异。在英语里,房子烧成灰烬的时候,可以说burn up(字面意思为“烧上去”),也可以说burn down(字面意思为“烧下去”);填表的时候,你可以fill in a form(字面意思为“填入表里”),也可以fill out a form(字面意思为“填到表外”);而且只有闹钟走了(go off字面意思为“离开”)以后你才能听到铃声!  　　Why do people have trouble 1. _________ (learn) English? I hadn’t asked myself that until one day my son asked me 2._________ there was ham in a hamburger,which got me 3. _________ (think) how English can be a crazy language to learn. There are many words that can be 4. _________ (confuse) and also can make us wonder 5. _________ the unique madness of English.For example,we can sculpt a sculpture and paint a learning whether thinking confusing at painting,but we take a photo.“Hard” and “soft” are opposite in meaning,but “hardly” and “softly” aren’t.And do you read the capitalized “WHO” in a medical report as the “who” in “Who’s that?” All the 6._________(example) tell us that English 7.____________ (invent) by people and it reflects the 8._________ (create) of the human race.  That’s 9. _________ when the stars are out,they are visible,but when the lights are out,they are 10. _________ (visible).  examples was invented creativity why invisible 课时作业 巩固提升 A Do you know that every fourteen days one of the world’s about 7,000 languages dies out? Throughout human history,languages have died out because of natural disasters,wars or genocide (种族灭绝), but nowadays the major factor is globalization.This is happening all over the world.In the Amazon rainforest,for example,native people are learning Portuguese to move to the big cities in Brazil to find work.In South Africa,young people are choosing to use English instead of traditional languages in higher education. More than half of the world’s population speak some of the most common languages,and the number of speakers of world languages such as English,Spanish and Chinese is increasing rapidly.Would we really miss most small languages if they died out completely? The answer has got to be “yes”! When a language disappears,we lose the culture and history of a people.We also lose the knowledge of the people who speak the language.In a famous case in northern Australia,doctors couldn’t find a cure (疗法)for a skin problem that the local people developed.When they asked a native woman,she used her own language to describe a plant which could cure the disease.There are many other examples of why these disappearing languages are important.Speakers of the Kallawaya language in Bolivia have got a wide vocabulary of medicinal (药用的) plants in their part of the rainforest which doctors in the modern world have never heard of,and speakers of the Yupik language of Alaska have got about 100 words for ice,which shows that they’ve got a unique understanding of their world.Our planet would lose that understanding if the language disappeared. 　　But we don’t have to lose as many languages as some people think.Using modern technology can save small languages,and we mustn’t lose the culture,history and knowledge that these languages contain (包含). 　　[语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了正在消失的语言,以及这些语言的消失给人类带来的影响,并提出了保护这些语言的建议。 2 3 1 4 1.What is the main reason for the disappearance of languages nowadays? A.Natural disasters. B.Continuous wars. C.Extinction of a race. D.The process of globalization. 答案:D 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Throughout human history...the major factor is globalization.”可知,目前语言消失的主要原因是全球化。故选 D。 2 3 1 4 2 3 1 4 2.What is paragraph 3 mainly about? A.A loss of understanding small languages. B.The importance of disappearing languages. C.A description of a plant to cure a skin disease. D.The knowledge of the culture and history of a race. 答案:B 段落大意题。根据第三段中的“There are many other examples of why these disappearing languages are important.”可知,本段主要举例说明这些正在消失的语言很重要的原因。故选B。 2 3 1 4 2 3 1 4 3.What is the author’s attitude to saving disappearing languages? A.Worried.　　　　　　 B.Unconcerned. C.Positive. D.Doubtful. 答案:C 观点态度题。根据最后一段中的“Using modern technology can save small languages...these languages contain.”可推知,作者认为我们不能失去这些语言所包含的文化、历史和知识,因此作者对于拯救正在消失的语言是支持的,态度是积极肯定的。故选C。 2 3 1 4 4.What is the text mainly talking about? A.Disappearing languages. B.Increasing natural disasters. C.Leading languages of the world. D.Working people’s language choice. 答案:A 主旨大意题。根据第一段中的“Do you know that every fourteen days one of the world’s about 7,000 languages dies out?”并结合全文内容可知,文章主要讲述了正在消失的语言,以及这些语言的消失给人类带来的影响,并提出了保护这些语言的建议。由此可知,A项“正在消失的语言”最能概括文章大意。故选A。 2 3 1 4 B (2023·山西晋中高一联考)If he is in a tight spot,says Trouble Kalua,people mention his name,asking,“What do you expect?”Shortly before his birth in Malawi,his father had lost his job as a bus conductor,making the family even poorer.Then the baby nearly died.“This boy is trouble,” his father said.“His name is Trouble.” Across Africa names can have a story behind them.Yewande,for instance,is a Yoruba name meaning “mother has paid me a visit”,given when an older female relative dies just before a girl is born.Kiptanui may suggest at a difficult birth for mothers who speak one of the Kalenjin group of languages in Kenya. But southern Africa stands out for nominative creativity(起名创意),at least when it comes to English names. Ask Zimbabweans about their school friends and you will hear different registers: Lovemore,Hopewell,Innocence,Patience, Knowledge,Fortune,Brilliant. Under white rule some children were called Democracy,Freedom or allegedly,Polling Station.Other names suggested progress. Names,and the language they are in,reflect changing times,too.In Zimbabwe,whose economy is falling down,one comes across people named No Money.In South Africa,Enzokuhle (“to do good” in Xhosa),has become one of the most popular names,perhaps inspired by a popular song,“Enzo”. It may be that names such as Salad Nthenda will become relics.The Malawian,whose mother ate lots of vegetables when pregnant (怀孕的),says “his name felt good from day one”.He loves the “uniqueness”.Although he is teased at times,he does not care. 　　[语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。非洲人在起名字时有很多讲究,他们的名字也有着各种各样的寓意。 5 6 7 8 5.How does the author introduce the topic in paragraph 1? A.By sharing a story.　　　 B.By comparing facts. C.By reporting findings. D.By presenting figures. 答案:A 推理判断题。作者分享了Trouble Kalua这个人名字背后的故事,引出本文的话题是关于非洲人的名字。故选A项。 5 6 7 8 6.What will a baby be named if his mother has some difficulty in giving birth to him? A.Yewande. B.Kiptanui. C.Freedom. D.Enzokuhle. 答案:B 细节理解题。根据第二段第三句“Kiptanui may suggest at a difficult birth for mothers who speak one of the Kalenjin group of languages in Kenya.”可知,答案为B。 5 6 7 8 7.What does Salad Nthenda think of his name? A.Interesting. B.Meaningless. C.Important. D.Special. 答案:D 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“He loves the ‘uniqueness’. Although he is teased at times,he does not care.”可知,Salad Nthenda认为自己的名字很特别。故选D项。 5 6 7 8 8.What’s the best title for the text? A.Stories Behind Some Names B.Some Strange Names in Southern Africa C.Names in Southern Africa Are Both Creative and Meaningful D.One’s Name Is Closely Connected with Its Country’s History 答案:C 标题归纳题。本文主要讲述了非洲人在起名字时有着很多讲究,非洲南部的人名起得既富有创意又意味深长。故选C项。 $$