UNIT1 Period 3 Using language-【优化探究】2025-2026学年高中英语必修第一册同步导学案配套课件（外研版2019）

必修 第一册 Unit 1　A new start Period 3　Using language 单元语法:Basic sentence structures (基本句子结构) 内容索引 NEIRONGSUOYIN 关键能力 互动探究 课时作业 巩固提升 课堂检测 素养达标 核心语法 专项突破 核心语法 专项突破 一、句子成分 组成句子的各个部分叫句子成分。根据各部分在句子中所起的作用,可以把句子分为主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和补语等。 主语(subject): 表示句子说的是什么人或什么事。一般位于句首,且不能省略(特殊句式除外)。主语通常由名词、代词、数词、名词化的形容词、不定式、动名词或从句等充当。 The students are listening to me carefully.They want to learn English well.Learning English well isn’t as hard as you think. 学生们在认真听我讲课。他们想学好英语。学好英语不像你想象的那么难。 谓语(predicate): 谓语通常用来说明主语的行为动作或所处的状态。 He runs every morning. 他每天早晨跑步。 The students are playing basketball on the playground. 学生们正在操场上打篮球。 宾语(object): 宾语表示动作的对象或行为的承受者, 一般位于及物动词和介词后面。有的动词后面可以接两个宾语,通常把其中表示人的宾语称为间接宾语(indirect object),把表示物的宾语称为直接宾语(direct object)。 He is going to buy a dictionary tomorrow. 他打算明天去买一本字典。 Lend me your dictionary,please. 请把你的字典借给我。 表语(predicative): 表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态。一般位于连系动词之后,由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词或表语从句充当。 I am not feeling well. 我感觉不舒服。 They seem to know the truth. 他们似乎知道真相。 China is a developing country. 中国是一个发展中国家。 定语(attribute):修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。一般由形容词、名词、代词、数词、副词、不定式、动名词、分词、介词短语或从句等充当。单词作定语时通常放在它所修饰的名词之前;短语和从句作定语时则放在它所修饰的名词之后。 Is there any difference between spoken English and written English? 口语英语和书面英语之间有不同之处吗? The man who is talking with a foreigner is my English teacher. 正在和一个外国人说话的那个男士是我的英语老师。 状语(adverbial):修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子。通常由副词、形容词、不定式、分词、介词短语、独立主格或从句等充当,可表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、方式、伴随、条件、让步、程度等。 I’ll be back in a while. 我一会儿就回来。 Please call me up if you need help. 如果你需要帮助,请给我打电话。 补语(complement):补语分为主语补足语(subject complement)和宾语补足语(object complement),用来补充说明主语或宾语的特征或情况。一般由名词(短语)、形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式(短语)、现在分词(短语)或过去分词(短语)等充当。 My mother always keeps everything in good order. 我妈妈总是把一切安排得井然有序。 He was very happy to see the homeless children taken good care of at the orphanage. 他很高兴看见流浪儿童在孤儿院得到很好的照顾。 二、基本句型 句子成分构成了英语中各种各样的句子,英语中最基本的句型只有八种,其他各种句型都是由这八种基本句型演变而来。八种基本句型如下: 句子结构 例句 主语+谓语(S+V) 雨停了。 主语 谓语 主语+谓语+宾语(S+V+O) He　enjoys　reading.他喜欢读书。 主语 谓语 宾语 主语+连系动词+表语(S+V+P) This　 is　 an English-Chinese dictionary. 这是一本英汉词典。 主语 连系动词 表语 句子结构 例句 主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语(S+V+IO+DO) bought　 me 　.我妈妈给我买了一本词典。 主语 谓语 间接宾语 直接宾语 主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语(S+V+O+C) They　painted　　green.他们把门刷成了绿色。 主语 谓语 宾语 宾语补足语 句子结构 例句 主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语(S+V+O+C) They　　 empty.他们发现房子是空的。 主语 谓语 宾语 宾语补足语 I　 heard him .我听到他在唱歌。 主语 谓语 宾语 宾语补足语 主语+谓语+状语(S+V+A) 　rises　.太阳从东方升起。 主语 谓语 状语 句子结构 例句 主语+谓语+宾语+状语(S+V+O+A) He　 put　　.他把咖啡放在了桌子上。 主语 谓语 宾语 状语 there be句型 There are many customers in the shop.商店里有很多顾客。 关键能力 互动探究 词汇精研 1.argue vi.& vt.争论,争辩,争吵;辩论;讨论;说服 [教材原文] Argue about the week’s hottest topics with the school’s sharpest minds! 和全校头脑最敏锐的人物辩论每周热点话题! (1)argue with sb.about/over sth.与某人争论某事 argue sb.into/out of doing sth. 说服某人做/不做某事 argue that... 主张;认为…… (2)argument n.争吵;争论,辩论;论据,论点 beyond argument 无可争辩 have an argument with sb.about/over sth. 与某人就某事争论 [即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子 (1)It was funny that the kids spent more time __________ (argue) over the rules than playing the game. (2)It’s an __________ (argue) that every modern parent has had with their child: the battle to break them away from mobile phones. (3)(人教选必2U3)Put more simply,while people continue to argue __________ whether or not fatty food is dangerous,we already know that sugar is a killer. arguing argument over/about (4)每个人都有责任保护环境,这是无可争辩的事实。 _______________________ everyone has the responsibility to protect the environment.(应用文写作之倡议书)  It is beyond argument that [教材原文] After-school activities also play a part when students apply to college. 学生申请大学时,课外活动也起到一定的作用。 2.apply v.申请;应用 (1)apply (to sb.) for sth. (向某人) 申请某事 apply...to... 把……应用于…… apply to... 适用于/运用于…… apply oneself to (doing) sth. 集中精力于(做)某事,专注于(做)某事 (2)application n.请求;申请;申请表;应用 applicant n.申请人 [即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子 (1)Applying yourself to __________ (recite) some Tang poems,you’ll understand Chinese better and better. (2)To my delight,I was chosen from hundreds of ___________ (apply) to attend the opening ceremony. (3)Due to the ____________ (apply) of this medical technology,some diseases can be treated at the early stage. reciting applicants application (4)我了解到,暑假期间故宫需要英文导游志愿者。我写信是为了申请这个职位。 I have learned that English volunteer guides for the Forbidden City are wanted in the summer vacation.I am writing to _____________ __________.  apply for this position 3.take up 拿起;开始从事;占据(空间/时间);对某事产生兴趣;接受 [教材原文] However,they can take up a lot of time,so students have to learn to organise their busy schedules. 然而,它们占用了大量的时间,因此学生们不得不学会统筹自己繁忙的日程。 take in 欺骗;理解 take on 呈现;雇用;承担;开始从事 take over 掌管;控制 take off 休息;(飞机)起飞;事业腾飞 [即学即练]——写出下列句中take up的含义/补全句子 (1)After studying in a medical college for five years,Jane took up her job as a doctor in the countryside. _____________ (2)(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)I once took up a challenge to create a painting every day for a month and post the works online. __________ (3)We tried to find a table for seven,but they were all taken up. __________ 开始从事 接受 占用 29 (4)Amy took up dancing for a while,but soon began to take an interest in painting. ____________ (5)Shortly after suffering from a large earthquake and being reduced to ruins,the city __________________ (呈现崭新面貌).  (6)It was several minutes before I could _______________________ (理解他说的是什么).  产生兴趣 took on a new look take in what he was saying 课堂检测 素养达标 Ⅰ.分析下列句子成分 1.　held yesterday　was important.  ① ② ③ ①__________　②__________　③____________________ 2.Every  he　was forced　to work from morning till night.  ① ② ③ ④ ①__________　②__________　③__________　④__________ 主语 定语 谓语(系动词+表语) 状语 主语 谓语 主语补足语 3. I　have carried out　a survey  ① ② ③ ④ among the students in our .  ⑤ ①__________　②__________　③__________　④__________　⑤__________ 状语 主语 谓语 宾语 状语 4.One some of my students　were talking about  ① ② ③ what they would like to be in the .  ④ ①__________　②__________　③__________　④__________ 状语 主语 谓语 宾语 5. can make　our mind　in a peaceful state  ① ② ③ ④ after a whole day of tiring .  ⑤ ①__________　②__________　③_________　④___________　⑤__________ 主语 谓语 宾语 宾语补足语 状语 Ⅱ.语法与写作 1.我喜欢听流行音乐和集邮。(主语+谓语+宾语) _______________________________________________________ 2.他的建议听起来很棒。(主语+连系动词+表语) _______________________________________________________ 3.在我15岁生日时,爸爸给我买了一辆自行车。(主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语) _______________________________________________________ I enjoy listening to popular music and collecting stamps.  His suggestion sounds excellent.  On my 15th birthday,Father bought me a new bike.  4.汤姆每天早晨在公园里跑步。(主语+谓语+状语) _______________________________________________________ 5.去年杰克在学校运动会比赛中获得了第一名。(主语+谓语+宾语+状语) _______________________________________________________ Tom runs in the park every morning.  Jack won the first prize in the school sports meeting last year. 课时作业 巩固提升 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1.Recently we had a heated debate _____________ which way was better to get work done,working individually (单独地) or working as a team. 2.Artificial ____________ is a branch of computer science that aims to create __________ machines.(intelligent) 3.Most of the food for the homeless is provided by a __________ (volunteer) organization. over/about intelligence intelligent voluntary 4.The 5G application in __________ (vary) of fields encourages the growth of the digital economy. 5.Though he was a world-famous scientist,Einstein didn’t really care __________ his clothes. 6.After knocking politely at the door,the __________(apply) entered the office of the general manager. 7.The new movie is scheduled __________ (begin) at 5 p.m. and it will last about one hour.  variety about applicant to begin 8.After Tom retired from teaching,he took __________ painting as his hobby in the countryside. 9.Everyone should play a part __________ protecting the environment in our daily life. 10.My challenge is to help you resolve these __________ (argue) as efficiently as possible. up in arguments Ⅱ.语法与写作 1.你的故事听起来很有趣。(主语+系动词+表语) Your story ______________________.  2.为了保持健康,我们应该每天锻炼。(主语+谓语+状语) In order to keep healthy, _________________________.  3.当我遇到困难时,李雷总能给我帮助。(主语+谓语+宾语) ______________________ when I have difficulties.  sounds interesting we should exercise every day Li Lei always helps me 4.作为一名中学生,我认为英语是一门非常重要的科目。(主语+谓 语+宾语+宾语补足语) As a high school student,___________________________________. 5.这位老人经常给孩子们讲述那些英雄的故事。(主语+谓语+间接 宾语+直接宾语) ______________________________________ about those heroes.  I consider English a very important subject The old man always tells the children stories Ⅲ.判断下面作文中画线部分的结构 Dear Terry, How are you doing?In your last letter,you asked me about how to behave when visiting a Chinese friend.Now,I am writing to give you some advice①.  ①__________________　 主语+谓语+状语 To begin with,you’d better arrive a little earlier because it’s polite to do so.Second,you’d better bring the family some gifts②,such as a bunch of flowers or some fruit.Most importantly,the elderly are usually the first to taste the food because they are well respected in China.What’s more,when you are enjoying the meal③,you need to avoid making a noise.  ②_____________________________　③________________ 主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语 主语+谓语+宾语 Hopefully,these suggestions would be helpful④.I’m sure that you will have a great time⑤ and you’ll find us Chinese very friendly⑥.  Best wishes! Yours, Li Hua ④________________________　⑤_____________________　 ⑥_________________________________ 主语+连系动词+表语 主语+谓语+宾语 主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语 Ⅳ.阅读理解 Online classes began to be popularized many years ago.They are advertised as a way for adults to finish their education and students to learn the material at their own pace—they are far more suitable for people with busy schedules. But after being enrolled in an online course last fall semester,I came to realize online classes were merely a means to fulfil course requirements. First of all,students lack the desire to learn,and they simply complete their assignments to earn credits for a passing grade rather than genuinely engage with the course material. As online courses tend to have more than 100 students,most of the assignments are short and simple.They are not designed for students to interact with the material in depth but designed to be graded easily to accommodate such a large number of students. Perhaps the biggest disadvantage of taking an online class is the absence of face-to-face interaction between the teachers and their students.Live sessions are infrequent and are often scheduled during the middle of the day when students have to attend other classes or work.The office hours of the professor may also be during inconvenient times for many students as well.Most interaction with the professor has to be through email which is often impersonal.It is nearly impossible for students to build a relationship with their professor. There is also little interaction among students.It can be harder for students to create study groups and form relationships with their peers. Online classes also require either a computer or laptop and a reliable Internet connection.Not all students have access to these types of resources,whether it is for financial or other reasons,and some students can be put at a disadvantage.Offering online classes certainly helps students who would otherwise not be able to attend classroom sessions.However,they fail to provide a true education with an emphasis on convenience rather than critical thinking.We need to restructure online classes in which students can have a learning experience that will actually provide quality education. 　　[语篇解读]　本文是一篇议论文。文章介绍了尽管网课多年前已开始推广,但是作者认为网课只是满足学生课程需求的一种手段。 2 3 1 4 1.What can we infer about students enrolled in online classes? A.They are unmotivated to learn. B.They can learn at their own pace. C.They can get course materials easily. D.They rarely fulfil the course requirements. 答案:A 推理判断题。根据第三段的内容可知,学生上网课只是为了修学分,并没有真正地学习课程内容,缺乏学习的动力。故选A项。 2 3 1 4 2.What is the author’s opinion about online course assignments? A.They are made convenient to mark. B.They are meant to facilitate interaction. C.They are based on easily accessible materials. D.They are given to improve students’ performance. 答案:A 2 3 1 4 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“They are not designed for students to interact...to be graded easily to accommodate such a large number of students.”可知,网课上的课程任务设计不是为了让学生深入去研究课程内容,只是为了方便给众多的学生评分。故选A项。 2 3 1 4 3.From the text,which is one disadvantage of online classes? A.They are frequently scheduled at irregular times. B.They make professors’ offices much less accessible. C.They tend to increase professors’ burden of replying students’ emails. D.They provide little chance for students to build relationships with each other. 答案:D 2 3 1 4 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的内容可知,网课使学生之间缺乏互动,很难建立学习小组或与同龄人建立关系。故选D项。 2 3 1 4 4.What problem may arise if classes go online? A.Some students may have difficulty attending them. B.Teachers will worry about poor Internet connections. C.Most students may get critical thinking skills from it. D.Schools with limited resources will be at a disadvantage. 答案:A 2 3 1 4 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Online classes also require either a computer...and some students can be put at a disadvantage.”可知,上网课需要的硬件条件可能有些学生无法满足。由此可推断,有些学生可能难以参与网课。故选A项。 Ⅴ.语法填空 [语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。作者记录了自己上高中的第一天。 I came into the senior high school at last! “This is the first day for me to go to school,so I’m 1.__________ little anxious right now.I want to make a good first 2.__________ (impress).Will I make any friends? What if no one talks to me?”  1.答案:a 考查冠词。句意:这是我第一天上学,所以我现在有点焦虑。根据句意和little可知,此处应填不定冠词a,a little 表示程度“一点”,修饰形容词anxious。 2.答案:impression 考查词性转换。句意:我想给别人留下好的第一印象。根据句意和a good first可知,此处应用名词impression (印象)作宾语。 I just had my first maths class at the senior high school.The class was difficult,3.__________ the teacher was kind.He even told us a funny story and everyone laughed so much! I found most of my classmates and teachers 4.__________ (help).  3.答案:but 考查连词。句意:这门课程很难,但老师很和蔼。前后都是完整的句子,应用连词连接两个句子,根据句意可知,前后是转折关系,应用表示转折的连词but。 4.答案:helpful 考查词性转换。句意:我发现我的大多数同学和老师都很愿意帮助人。分析句子并结合句意可知,此处应用形容词作宾语补足语。 This afternoon,we had our chemistry class in the science lab.The lab was new and the lesson was great,but the guy next to me 5.__________ (try) to talk to me the whole time.I couldn’t concentrate 6.__________ the experiment.I 7.__________ (real) wanted to tell him to be quiet and leave me alone.  5.答案:tried 考查动词的时态。句意:实验室是新的,课程也很好,但我旁边的人一直想和我说话。空处是句子的谓语,由语境可知,时态是一般过去时,动词用过去式。 6.答案:on 考查介词。句意:我无法集中精力做实验。concentrate on (专注于,集中)为固定短语。 7.答案:really 考查词性转换。句意:我真想告诉他安静点,别烦我。此处修饰动词wanted,应用副词作状语。 What a day! This morning,I was worried that no one would talk to me.But I was wrong.I didn’t feel 8.__________ (frighten) at all.  8.答案:frightened 考查词性转换。句意:我一点也不感到害怕。根据句意和feel可知,空处为表语,应用形容词,主语I为人,应用-ed形式的形容词,frightened(感到害怕的)符合语境。 I miss my friends from junior high school,but I believe I will make new friends here and there’s a lot 9.__________ (explore) at senior high.I feel much more confident.I think that tomorrow 10.__________ (be) a great day!  9.答案:to explore 考查非谓语动词。句意:我想念我初中的朋友,但我相信我会在这里交到新朋友,在高中有很多可以探索的地方。分析可知,此处作a lot的后置定语,应用不定式。 10.答案:will be 考查动词的时态。空处是从句的谓语,根据tomorrow可知,时态用一般将来时。 $$